Elaphrothrips

Fighting males of Elaphrothrips tuberculatus, with a female guarding an egg-mass, from Crespi (1986).

Belongs within: Idolothripini.

Elaphrothrips is a diverse, primarily pantropical genus of fungus-feeding thrips. Over 100 species are currently recognised in the genus, though some less-studied species may prove to be synonymous (Mound & Palmer 1983).

Characters (from Mound & Palmer 1983): Large, dark species; head without complex sculpture. Eyes not prolonged ventrally. Fore-ocellus anterior to major ocellar setae. Males with pronotum not produced at anterior angles; fore-femora often with a stout, sickle-shaped seta, without tubercle on inner margin. Abdominal tergites usually with two pairs of major wing-retaining setae (one pair in Elaphrothrips antennalis), larger individuals may have several pairs of supplementary sigmoid setae anterolateral to major pairs. Tube without long lateral setae.

<==Elaphrothrips Buffa 1909 MM96 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*E. coniferarum (Pergande 1896) [=Idolothrips coniferarum] MM96
    |--E. acanthomerus Hood 1941 MM96
    |--E. addendus Priesner 1928 MM96
    |--E. aethiopiae Bagnall 1936 MP83
    |--E. affinis (Bagnall 1908) (see below for synonymy) MM96
    |--E. africanus (Trybom 1908) [=Idolothrips africanus] MP83
    |--E. albospinosus Moulton 1929 MM96
    |--E. amazonicus Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--E. amoenus Priesner 1935 MP83
    |--E. andrapterus (Priesner 1932) [=*Elaphridothrips andrapterus] MP83
    |--E. angustatus (Bagnall 1910) [=Idolothrips angustatus] MM96
    |--E. angusticeps (Crawford 1910) [=Idolothrips angusticeps] MM96
    |--E. angustifrons (Bergroth 1888) [=Phloeothrips angustifrons] MM96
    |--E. antennalis Bagnall 1921 MP83
    |--E. armatus (Hood 1908) [=Idolothrips armatus] MM96
    |--E. athletes (Karny 1923) [=Kleothrips athletes, E. (*Elaphoxothrips) athletes] MP83
    |--E. aztecus Hood 1941 MM96
    |--E. bagnallianus Priesner 1952 [=E. clarispinis Bagnall 1935 non Priesner 1935] MP83
    |--E. bakeri (Karny 1920) (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |--E. bilineatus Priesner 1933 MM96
    |--E. blatchleyi Hood 1938 MM96
    |--E. borgmeieri Hood 1955 MM96
    |--E. bottegii (Buffa 1909) [=Dicaiothrips bottegii] MP83
    |--E. brachypes Bagnall 1934 [incl. E. jeanneli Bagnall 1935] MP83
    |--E. brachyurus Bagnall 1926 MP83
    |--E. brasiliensis Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--E. breviceps (Bagnall 1921) [=Dicaiothrips breviceps] MP83
    |--E. brunneipennis Bagnall 1935 MP83
    |--E. capensis Faure 1942 MP83
    |--E. carayoni Bournier 1971 MP83
    |--E. championi (Bagnall 1910) [=Dicaiothrips championi] MM96
    |--E. cognatodampfi Johansen 1980 MM96
    |--E. cognatograndis Johansen 1978 MM96
    |--E. congoensis Priesner 1932 MP83
    |--E. conicurus Bagnall 1934 MM96
    |--E. coniger Priesner 1952 [=E. (*Paraclinothrips) coniger; incl. E. coniger f. gynaecoides Priesner 1952] MP83
    |--E. constrictopeltatus Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--E. coreanus Woo 1974 MP83
    |--E. costalimai Hood 1955 MM96
    |--E. curvipes Priesner 1929 [incl. E. karnyi Priesner 1935, E. secus Ananthakrishnan 1973] MP83
    |--E. dampfi Hood 1940 MM96
    |--E. decipiens Priesner 1932 MP83
    |--E. defectus Hood 1941 MM96
    |--E. denticollis (Bagnall 1909) (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |--E. devius Priesner 1952 MP83
    |--E. distans Bagnall 1935 MP83
    |--E. drepanatus (Priesner 1927) [=Dicaiothrips drepanatus] MP83
    |--E. drepanifer (Faure 1925) [=Dicaiothrips drepanifer] MP83
    |--E. edouardi Jacot-Guillarmod 1939 MP83
    |--E. falcatus (Karny 1912) [=Dicaiothrips falcatus] MP83
    |--E. fallax Priesner 1952 MP83
    |--E. faurei Jacot-Guillarmod 1939 MP83
    |--E. femoralis (Bagnall 1918) [=*Klinothrips femoralis] MP83
    |--E. flavipes (Hood 1908) [=Idolothrips flavipes] MM96
    |--E. foveicollis (Bagnall 1908) [=Idolothrips foveicollis; incl. Dicaiothrips grandis Bagnall 1910] MM96
    |--E. fulmeki Priesner 1935 MP83
    |--E. gaboniensis Bagnall 1936 MP83
    |--E. garciaaldretei Johensen 1980 MM96
    |--E. genaspinosus Moulton 1928 MP83
    |--E. gnidiicolus (Hesse 1934) [=Dicaiothrips gnidiicolus] MP83
    |--E. gracilis Moulton 1933 MM96
    |--E. gravis Priesner 1952 MP83
    |--E. greeni (Bagnall 1914) (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |--E. herculeus Johansen 1980 MM96
    |--E. herricki Moulton 1933 MM96
    |--E. impensus Morrison 1958 MP83
    |--E. indigator Hood 1936 MM96
    |--E. insignis Ananthakrishnan 1973 [=E. (*Cradothrips) insignis] MP83
    |--E. insperatus Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--E. insularis Priesner 1928 MP83
    |--E. jacobsoni Priesner 1935 MP83
    |--E. jacotguillarmodi Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--E. laevicollis (Bagnall 1910) [=Dicaiothrips laevicollis] MM96
    |--E. laticeps Bagnall 1935 MP83
    |--E. laticornis Jacot-Guillarmod 1941 MP83
    |--E. lewisi Johansen 1980 MM96
    |--E. longiceps (Bagnall 1908) [=Idolothrips longiceps] MM96
    |--E. longispinis Priesner 1932 MP83
    |--E. mabirensis (Priesner 1925) [=Dicaiothrips mabirensis] MP83
    |--E. macateei Hood 1955 MM96
    |--E. madagascariensis Bagnall 1935 MP83
    |--E. magnus Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--E. mahensis (Bagnall 1921) [=Dicaiothrips mahensis; incl. D. hystrix Bagnall 1921, D. rex Bagnall 1921] MP83
    |--E. malayensis (Bagnall 1909) (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |--E. mantoideus Girault 1927 [=Elaphothrips (l. c.) mantoideus] G27
    |--E. maya Johansen 1986 MM96
    |--E. maynei Priesner 1932 MP83
    |--E. medius Hartwig 1948 MP83
    |--E. microacanthomerus Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--E. morelensis Johansen 1980 MM96
    |--E. neodampfi Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--E. neoleonensis Johansen 1979 (see below for synonymy) MM96
    |--E. neolongiceps Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--E. niger Jacot-Guillarmod 1937 MP83
    |--E. nigricornis (Karny 1912) [=Idolothrips nigricornis] MP83
    |--E. nigripes Jacot-Guillarmod 1937 MP83
    |--E. nitidus (Bagnall 1910) [=Dicaiothrips nitidus] MM96
    |--E. notabilis Ananthakrishnan 1973 MP83
    |--E. oaxacaensis Johaansen 1980 MM96
    |--E. occidentalis Johansen 1980 MM96
    |--E. oculatoides Priesner 1932 MP83
    |--E. oculatus Moulton 1928 MP83
    |--E. orangiae Jacot-Guillarmod 1937 MP83
    |--E. palustris (Hood 1952) MM96 [=*Palinothrips palustris MP83]
    |--E. paradampfi Johansen 1979 MM96
    |--E. parallelus Hood 1924 MM96
    |--E. parvus Priesner 1936 MP83
    |--E. peruviensis Hood 1936 MM96
    |--E. powelli Jacot-Guillarmard 1937 MP83
    |--E. priesneri Bagnall 1926 MM96 [=Dicaiothrips breviceps Priesner 1921 non Bagnall 1921 MP83]
    |--E. procer (Schmutz 1913) (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |--E. propeherculeus Johansen 1980 MM96
    |--E. propinquus (Bagnall 1910) MM96 (see below for synonymy)
    |--E. prospector Hood 1936 MM96
    |--E. pseudotuberculatus Johansen 1980 MM96
    |--E. schotti (Heeger 1852) MM96 [=Thrips schotti MM96, *Dicaiothrips schottii MP83]
    |--E. schoutedeni Priesner 1932 MP83
    |--E. schultzei Priesner 1933 MM96
    |--E. sensitivus Priesner 1929 MP83
    |--E. separatus Priesner 1928 MP83
    |--E. seychellensis (Bagnall 1921) [=Dicaiothrips seychellensis] MP83
    |--E. snodgrassi Hood 1955 MM96
    |--E. spiniceps Bagnall 1932 [incl. E. clarispinis Priesner 1935, E. graveleyi Bagnall 1934] MP83
    |--E. spiniprivus Priesner 1952 MP83
    |--E. spinosus Moulton 1933 MM96
    |--E. stenocephalus (Bagnall 1914) (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |--E. surinamensis Priesner 1925 MM96
    |--E. tener Priesner 1925 MM96
    |--E. tepotzlanensis Johansen 1986 MM96
    |--E. thoreauini Girault 1929 G29
    |--E. transvaalensis Jacot-Guillarmod 1939 MP83
    |--E. tuberculatus (Hood 1908) [=Idolothrips tuberculatus] MM96
    |--E. unicolor Moulton 1933 MM96
    |--E. uniformis Buffa 1909 MP83
    |--E. villai Johansen 1980 MM96
    |--E. vittipennis Hood 1940 MM96
    |--E. zacualtipanensis Johansen 1983 MM96
    `--E. zetetis Hood 1936 MM96

Elaphrothrips Buffa 1909 MM96 [=Elaphothrips (l. c.) G28; incl. Cradothrips Ananthakrishnan 1973 MP83, Dicaiothrips Buffa 1909 MP83, Elaphoxothrips Bagnall 1932 MP83, Elaphridothrips Priesner 1932 MP83, Klinothrips Bagnall 1918 MP83, Palinothrips Hood 1952 MP83, Paraclinothrips Priesner 1952 MP83]

Elaphrothrips affinis (Bagnall 1908) [=Idolothrips affinis; incl. I. assimilis Bagnall 1908, Dicaiothrips distinctus Bagnall 1910] MM96

Elaphrothrips bakeri (Karny 1920) [=Dicaiothrips bakeri; incl. E. bakeri var. depokensis Priesner 1935, E. imitator Priesner 1935, E. mentaweiensis Priesner 1929] MP83

Elaphrothrips denticollis (Bagnall 1909) [=Dicaiothrips denticollis; incl. E. beesoni Ramakrishna 1934, E. mucronatus Priesner 1935, E. productus f. obscuricornis Priesner 1935, E. productus Priesner 1935, E. sumbanus Priesner 1935] MP83

Elaphrothrips greeni (Bagnall 1914) [=Dicaiothrips greeni; incl. D. bouvieri Vuillet 1914, Elaphrothrips micidus Ananthakrishnan 1973] MP83

Elaphrothrips malayensis (Bagnall 1909) [=Dicaiothrips malayensis; incl. D. bruneitarsis Schmutz 1913, Elaphrothrips coronatus Bagnall 1934, D. bruneitarsis var. levis Schmutz 1913] MP83

Elaphrothrips neoleonensis Johansen 1979 [incl. E. bagnalli Johansen 1980, E. guachichilis Johansen 1979, E. lacandonis Johansen 1980] MM96

Elaphrothrips procer (Schmutz 1913) [=Dicaiothrips procer; incl. E. achaetus Bagnall 1934, E. approximatus Bagnall 1934, E. chandana Ramakrishna 1934, Dicaiothrips dallatorensis Schmutz 1913, E. eranthemi Seshadri & Ananthakrishnan 1954, D. novus Schmutz 1913, D. proximus Bagnall 1914] MP83

Elaphrothrips propinquus (Bagnall 1910) MM96 [=Dicaiothrips propinquus MM96; incl. D. brevicornis Bagnall 1910 MM96, Elaphrothrips brevicornis MP83]

Elaphrothrips stenocephalus (Bagnall 1914) [=Dicaiothrips stenocephalus; incl. E. atrispinus Bagnall 1935, E. nigrospinosus Bagnall 1932, E. variispinis Bagnall 1935] MP83

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Crespi, B. J. 1986. Size assessment and alternative fighting tactics in Elaphrothrips tuberculatus (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Animal Behaviour 34: 1324-1335.

[G27] Girault, A. A. 1927. A discourse on wild animals. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 216-217).

[G28] Girault, A. A. 1928. Some Insecta and a new All Highness. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 225-228).

[G29] Girault, A. A. 1929. Description of a case of lunacy in Homo and of six-legged articulates. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 262-265).

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1-487.

[MP83] Mound, L. A. & J. M. Palmer. 1983. The generic and tribal classification of spore-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Entomology series 46 (1): 1-174.