Ptycta

Ptycta polluta, photographed by Graham Montgomery.

Belongs within: Psocinae.

Ptycta is a widespread genus of barklice with a particular radiation of species on the Hawaiian islands. The exact limits of the genus are uncertain, however, with a number of species assigned whose relationships require investigation.

Characters (from Mockford 1993): Adults of both sexes macropterous. Nine distal inner labral sensilla. Forewing markings extremely variable: usually a dark mark in pterostigma and dark marks on diagonal from pterostigma base to nodulus, but some species with extensive wing banding. Hypandrium with or without basal sclerites; with asymmetrical median strap based in middle or right, some species with processes at base of strap. Phallosome slightly tapering and rounded anteriorly; distally with pair of semi-membranous (presumed) external parameres and median aedeagal process of varying width, usually bifid at apex. Mape epiproct chair-shaped, extending anteriorly over clunium. Male paraproct with distal process long, slender, acuminate; no bulge on shoulder lateral to process; sense cushion near base of paraproct; basal articular region short and broad. Subgenital plate with distal piece short and wide, about as long as its basal width; pigmented arms directed anterolaterally, somewhat widened distally. Ovipositor valvulae: v2 with long, slender distal process; v3 ovoid; median lobe variable—prominent to absent.

<==Ptycta Enderlein 1925 SN08
    |--*P. haleakalae [=Psocus haleakalae] SN08
    |    |--P. h. haleakalae CT72
    |    `--P. h. hualalai CT72
    |--P. abouchari Badonnel 1986 B86
    |--P. acraea B86
    |--P. afasciata Endang, Thornton & New 2002 NL07
    |--P. apicantha CT72
    |    |--P. a. apicantha CT72
    |    |--P. a. mauiensis CT72
    |    `--P. a. multicantha CT72
    |--P. apicanthoides CT72
    |    |--P. a. apicanthoides CT72
    |    `--P. a. palligena CT72
    |--P. australis Schmidt & Thornton 1993 SN08
    |--P. breuschi Smithers & Thornton 1990 NL07
    |--P. buettikeri Badonnel 1982 L98
    |--P. caboverdensis Meinander 1966 L98
    |--P. campbelli Schmidt & Thornton 1993 SN08
    |--P. colei Schmidt & New 2008 SN08
    |--P. curvata Li 2002 L02
    |--P. dentata B86
    |--P. diadela CT72
    |--P. diastema CT72
    |--P. dicrosa CT72
    |--P. disclera CT72
    |    |--P. d. disclera CT72
    |    `--P. d. iaoensis CT72
    |--P. distincta Smithers & Thornton 1990 NL07
    |--P. distinguenda CT72
    |--P. drepana CT72
    |--P. drepanoides CT72
    |--P. elegantula Li 1999 L02
    |--P. emarginata New 1974 [incl. P. cornigera New 1974] SN08
    |--P. episcia CT72
    |--P. expansa B86
    |--P. fittkaui Badonnel 1986 B86
    |--P. flavipalpi Li & Yang 1987 L03, L02 [=P. flavipalpae (l. c.) L03]
    |--P. floresensis Endang, Thornton & New 2002 NL07
    |--P. freycineti Schmidt & New 2008 SN08
    |--P. frogneri CT72
    |--P. frontalis Thornton 1984 NL07
    |--P. furcata Li 1993 L02
    |--P. giffardi CT72
    |--P. glossoptera New 1974 SN08
    |--P. gynegonia CT72
    |--P. hardyi CT72
    |--P. heterogamias CT72
    |--P. hollowayae SN08
    |--P. incerta Smithers & Thornton 1990 NL07
    |--P. incurvata Thornton 1960 NL07
    |--P. kaala CT72
    |--P. kauaiensis CT72
    |--P. krakatau Vaughan, Thornton & New 1989 NL07
    |--P. lanaiensis CT72
    |    |--P. l. lanaiensis CT72
    |    |--P. l. fusca CT72
    |    |--P. l. halawa CT72
    |    `--P. l. persclera CT72
    |--P. leurothorax CT72
    |--P. lineata Mockford 1974 M93
    |--P. lobophora CT72
    |--P. lugosensis Smithers & Thornton 1990 NL07
    |--P. maculifrons CT72
    |--P. merapiensis Endang, Thornton & New 2002 NL07
    |--P. microctena CT72
    |--P. microglena CT72
    |--P. molokaiensis CT72
    |--P. monticola CT72
    |--P. nadleri Galil 1981 L98 [=P. apicantha nadleri CT72]
    |--P. novohibernica Smithers & Thornton 1990 NL07
    |--P. oahuensis CT72
    |--P. oligocantha CT72
    |--P. pallawahensis Schmidt & New 2008 SN08
    |--P. paranense B86
    |--P. pardena CT72
    |--P. pedina CT72
    |--P. perkinsi CT72
    |--P. persimilis CT72
    |--P. pikeloi CT72
    |--P. pitallo Endang, Thornton & New 2002 NL07
    |--P. placophora CT72
    |--P. polluta (Walsh 1862) (see below for synonymy) M93
    |--P. precincta Thornton 1984 NL07
    |--P. pupukea CT72
    |--P. revoluta Li 2002 L02
    |--P. rhina CT72
    |--P. sardjani Endang & Thornton 1992 NL07
    |--P. schillei (Enderlein 1906) NL07
    |--P. schisma CT72
    |--P. schneideri L98
    |--P. serrata Endang, Thornton & New 2002 NL07
    |--P. simulator CT72
    |    |--P. s. simulator CT72
    |    |--P. s. kilauea CT72
    |    |--P. s. konae CT72
    |    `--P. s. stena CT72
    |--P. sinuatistigma B86
    |--P. stenomedea CT72
    |--P. swezeyi CT72
    |--P. sylvestris CT72
    |--P. symmetrica CT72
    |--P. tapensis Endang, Thornton & New 2002 NL07
    |--P. telma CT72
    |--P. timorensis Endang, Thornton & New 2002 NL07
    |--P. tsutsumii New & Thornton 1976 NL07
    |--P. umbrata New 1974 SN08
    |--P. unica CT72
    |    |--P. u. unica CT72
    |    `--P. u. hawaiiensis CT72
    |--P. verticalis Vaughan, Thornton & New 1991 NL07
    |--P. vittipennis CT72
    `--P. zimmermani CT72

Ptycta polluta (Walsh 1862) [=Psocus pollutus, Psocidus pollutus; incl. Psocus texanus var. submarginatus Aaron 1886] M93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B86] Badonnel, A. 1986. Psocoptères de Colombie (Insecta, Psocoptera). Spixiana 9 (2): 179–223.

[CT72] Chui, V. W. D., & I. W. B. Thornton. 1972. A numerical taxonomic study of the endemic Ptycta species of the Hawaiian Islands (Psocoptera: Psocidae). Systematic Zoology 21 (1): 7–22.

[L02] Li F. 2002. Psocoptera of China vol. 2. Science Press: Beijing.

[L98] Lienhard, C. 1998. Faune de France. France et Régions Limitrophes. 83. Psocoptères Euro-Méditerranéens. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles: Paris.

[L03] Lienhard, C. 2003. Nomenclatural amendments concerning Chinese Psocoptera (Insecta), with remarks on species richness. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 110 (4): 695–721.

[M93] Mockford, E. L. 1993. North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Sandhill Crane Press, Inc.

[NL07] New, T. R., & C. Lienhard. 2007. The Psocoptera of Tropical South-east Asia. Brill: Leiden.

[SN08] Schmidt, E. R., & T. R. New. 2008. The Psocoptera (Insecta) of Tasmania, Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 65: 71–152.

Last updated: 15 August 2020.

Pseudocaecilioidea

Trichopsocus clarus, photographed by Alby Oakshott.

Belongs within: Homilopsocidea.
Contains: Trichocaeciliinae, Pseudocaeciliinae.

The Pseudocaecilioidea are a clade of bark lice usually found on living foliage. Members include the Calopsocidae, in which the fore wings have the membrane densely setose and are often more or less coriaceous (New & Lienhard 2007).

Characters (from Yoshizawa 2002): Small to middle in size, about 2–4 mm. Coloration variable. Usually living-foliage dwellers, except for some genera of Pseudocaeciliidae (e.g. Ophiodopelma). Vertex generally rounded but strongly angled in Calopsocidae; postclypeus not strongly bulged; epistomal suture faint dorsally, without broad internal ridge; anteclypeus sclerotized. Forewing veins with more than one row of setae; marginal setae crossing on anterior margin or not (Trichopsocidae). Apex of first axillary sclerite broadened. Hindwing veins and margins setose; Rs and M + Cu separate or fused for short distance basally; Rs and M fused. Tarsi usually 2-segmented; claws with or without preapical tooth; pulvillus broad. Abdomen with eversible vesicles ventrally except some dead-foliage dwelling taxa in Pseudocaeciliidae. Male genitalia: hypandrium articulated laterally with clunium or not (Trichopsocidae); with or without (Trichopsocidae) lateral projection and lateral bristle. Phallosome: aedeagus pointed apically; parameres long, extending far beyond aedeagus; endophallus with or without (Trichopsocidae and some genera of Pseudocaeciliidae) rod-like sclerites. Female genitalia: subgenital plate with well-developed egg guide extending from dorsal margin; egg guide 2-lobed, each bearing 1 or 2 apical setae. Gonapophyses complete; ventral valve usually with dorsal lobe apically; dorsal valve with dorsal lobe and subapical process; external valve variable, bearing many long bristles.

<==Pseudocaecilioidea
    |--Trichopsocus Kolbe 1882 SN08 [Trichopsocidae Y02]
    |    |--T. dalii (McLachlan 1867) M93 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--T. brincki Badonnel 1963 L98
    |    |--T. clarus (Banks 1908) SN08 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--T. coloratus Lienhard 1983 L98
    |    |--T. difficilis Lienhard 19096 L98
    |    |--T. fastusosus (Navás 1915) [=Caecilius fastuosus; incl. T. harteni Lienhard 1983] L98
    |    `--T. marmoratus (Hagen 1865) [=Psocus marmoratus] L98
    `--+--Pseudocaeciliidae Y02
       |    |  i. s.: Howeanum Smithers 1995 SN08
       |    |           |--*H. huberi Smithers 1995 SN08
       |    |           |--H. costale (Thornton & New 1977) [=Austropsocus costalis] SN08
       |    |           `--H. tasmaniensis Schmidt & New 2008 SN08
       |    |         Trimerocaecilius Meinander 1978 SN04
       |    |           |--*T. popovi Meinander 1978 L98
       |    |           `--T. becheti Meinander 1978 L98
       |    |         Cladioneura Enderlein 1906 SN08
       |    |           |  i. s.: C. foliata Smithers 1984 T13
       |    |           |--*C. (Cladioneura) pulchripennis Enderlein 1906 SN08
       |    |           `--C. (Scytopsocus) M74
       |    |                |--C. (S.) coriacea (Roesler 1940) [=Scytopsocus coriaceus] M74
       |    |                `--C. (S.) difficilis M74
       |    |--Trichocaeciliinae L02
       |    |--Pseudocaeciliinae NL07
       |    |--Electropsocus [Electropsocinae] NL07
       |    `--Zelandopsocinae NL07
       |         |--*Novopsocus stenopterus (Thornton & Smithers 1977) (see below for synonymy) NL07
       |         |--Zelandopsocus Tillyard 1923 SN04
       |         |    `--*Z. formosellus NL07
       |         `--Austropsocus Smithers 1962 NL07, SN08
       |              |--*A. insularis Smithers 1962 SN08
       |              |--A. antennalis Thornton & New 1977 SN08
       |              |--A. nimbosus M83
       |              |--A. novoguinensis (Thornton & Smithers 1977) [=Zelandopsocus novoguinensis] NL07
       |              |--A. perforatus Thornton & Smithers 1977 NL07
       |              |--A. sinuosus (Banks 1939) [=Zelandopsocus sinuosus] SN08
       |              |--A. tibialis Thornton & New 1977 SN08
       |              `--A. viridis (Enderlein 1903) [=Philotarsus viridis] SN08
       `--Calopsocidae [Neurosemidae] Y02
            |--Callistoptera [Callistopteridae, Callistopterinae] NL07
            |    `--*C. anna Enderlein 1903 NL07
            `--Calopsocinae NL07
                 |--*Calosema browningae Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |--*Dendropsocus swartensis Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |--*Nemupsocus lobatus New 1978 NL07
                 |--Torrepsocus NL07
                 |    |--*T. pulleni (Smithers 1981) [=Dirla pulleni] NL07
                 |    `--T. novoguinensis Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |--Cyclopsocus NL07
                 |    |--*C. hyalinus Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |    |--C. gressitti Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |    |--C. hyaloides Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |    |--C. navasi (New 1978) NL07
                 |    `--C. straatmani Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |--Neurosema NL07
                 |    |--*N. apicale McLachlan 1866 NL07
                 |    |--N. alobum Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |    |--N. dimorphum Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |    |--N. pulchroides Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |    `--N. pulchrum New 1978 NL07
                 `--Calopsocus [incl. Dirla, Mindaus] NL07
                      |  i. s.: C. apicatus Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      |         C. gorokensis Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      |         C. iridescens Banks 1920 NL07
                      |         C. irretitus [=*Mindaus irretitus] NL07
                      |         C. maculatus Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      |         C. yatesi Smithers 1995 S95
                      |--C. infelix group NL07
                      |    |--*C. infelix (Hagen 1858) [=Psocus infelix] NL07
                      |    |--C. guttatus Smithers 1967 NL07
                      |    |--C. koridensis New 1978 NL07
                      |    `--C. solomonensis Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      |--C. marginatus gorup NL07
                      |    |--C. furcatus (New 1978) NL07
                      |    |--C. javanus (Navás 1924) [=*Dirla javana] NL07
                      |    `--C. marginatus Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      |--C. reticulatus group NL07
                      |    |--C. reticulatus Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      |    `--C. reticuloides Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      `--C. rizali group NL07
                           |--C. ovatus Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                           |--C. pallistigma Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                           `--C. rizali Banks 1916 NL07

*Novopsocus stenopterus (Thornton & Smithers 1977) [=Zelandopsocus stenopterus, Austropsocus stenopterus] NL07

Trichopsocus clarus (Banks 1908) SN08 [=Caecilius clarus SN08, Pseudocaecilius clarus M93; incl. Trichopsocus acuminatus Badonnel 1943 M93, T. australis Edwards 1950 SN08]

Trichopsocus dalii (McLachlan 1867) M93 [=Caecilius dalii M93, Philotarsus dalii G74, Trichopsocus dalei L98; incl. T. hirtellus var. angulata Navás 1916 M93, C. hirtellus McLachlan 1877 M93, *T. hirtellus SN08, T. kolosvaryi Danks 1950 L98]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[G74] Günther, K. K. 1974. Staubläuse, Psocoptera. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 61: 1–315.

[L02] Li F. 2002. Psocoptera of China vol. 1. Science Press: Beijing.

[L98] Lienhard, C. 1998. Faune de France. France et Régions Limitrophes. 83. Psocoptères Euro-Méditerranéens. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles: Paris.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

[M74] Mockford, E. L. 1974. Records and descriptions of Cuban Psocoptera. Entomologica Americana 48 (2): 103–215.

[M93] Mockford, E. L. 1993. North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Sandhill Crane Press, Inc.

[NL07] New, T. R., & C. Lienhard. 2007. The Psocoptera of Tropical South-east Asia. Brill: Leiden.

[SN04] Schmidt, E. R., & T. R. New. 2004. A systematic and phylogenetic revision of the family Elipsocidae (Insecta: Psocoptera), with the erection of two new families: Lesneiidae and Sabulopsocidae. Invertebrate Systematics 18: 157–213.

[SN08] Schmidt, E. R., & T. R. New. 2008. The Psocoptera (Insecta) of Tasmania, Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 65: 71–152.

[S95] Smithers, C. N. 1995. Psocoptera (Insecta) of Christmas Island. Invertebrate Taxonomy 9: 529–561.

[T13] Taylor, C. K. 2013. Annotated bibliography for Barrow Island terrestrial invertebrates. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 135–144.

[Y02] Yoshizawa, K. 2002. Phylogeny and higher classification of suborder Psocomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 371–400.

Last updated: 10 August 2020.

Peripsocoidea

Mesopsocus immunis, photographed by Dioctria (David).

Belongs within: Homilopsocidea.
Contains: Peripsocidae, Philotarsidae.

The Peripsocoidea are a clade of bark or stone-surface dwelling barklice, females of which have a strongly sclerotised and square-shaped dorsal valve to the gonapophyses (Yoshizawa 2002). Members include the Mesopsocidae, bark-dwelling species characterised by long, thirteen-segmented antennae and glabrous wings (at most with a few minute marginal setae) (New & Lienhard 2007).

Characters (from Yoshizawa 2002): Small to large in size, about 2–5 mm in length. Body whitish in ground colour with blackish-brown markings or wholly blackish-brown. Head with rounded vertex; postclypeus well bulged; epicranial suture with (Mesopsocidae) or without broad internal ridge; anteclypeus sclerotized or not (Mesopsocidae). Forewing coloration, venation, and ciliation variable. Hindwing ciliation variable; Rs and M + Cu separate (most Mesopsocidae), or fused for short (Philotarsidae) or long (Peripsocidae) distance basally; Rs and M fused. Tarsi 2- (Peripsocidae) or 3-segmented; claws with preapical tooth; pulvillus narrow. Abdomen without eversible vesicles ventrally. Male genitalia: hypandrium usually simple except Philotarsus. Phallosome variable; aedeagus rounded (most of Mesopsocidae and Philotarsidae) or pointed apically; phallobase united and rounded apically; endophallus with (Bryopsocidae, Peripsocidae, and some Philotarsidae) or without sclerites. Female genitalia: epiproct usually rectangular in dorsal aspect except rounded in Bryopsocidae. Subgenital plate with 1-lobed egg guide extended from dorsal margin. Gonapophyses complete; ventral valve and dorsal valve strongly united, forming ovipositor; dorsal valve strongly sclerotized, somewhat rectangular in lateral aspect, with or without (Peripsocidae) subapical process; external valve variable.

<==Peripsocoidea
    |--Bryopsocus Thornton, Wong & Smithers 1977 SN04 [Bryopsocidae Y02]
    |    |--*B. townsendi (Smithers 1969) NL07, SN04 [=Austropsocus townsendi NL07]
    |    `--B. angulatus (Smithers 1969) SN04 [=Zelandopsocus angulatus NL07]
    `--+--Peripsocidae Y02
       `--+--Philotarsidae Y02
          `--Mesopsocidae Y02
               |  i. s.: Idatenopsocus orientalis Y02
               |         Hexacyrtoma Enderlein 1908 SN04
               |         Newipsocus Badonnel & Lienhard 1988 SN04
               |         Mesopsocopsis Badonnel & Lienhard 1988 SN04
               |         Acmomesopsocus Li 2002 L02b
               |           `--*A. tibeticus Li 2002 L02b
               |         Aphanomesopsocus Li 2002 L02b
               |           |--*A. fuscus Li 2002 L02b
               |           |--A. bipunctatus Li 2002 L02b
               |           `--A. furvus Li 2002 L02b
               |         Oegomesopsocus Li 2002 L02b
               |           `--*O. guangxiensis Li 2002 L02b
               |         Conomesopsocus Li 2002 L02b
               |           |--*C. melanostigmus Li 2002 L02b
               |           `--C. meniscatus Li 2001 L03
               |         Microtrichopsocus Badonnel & Lienhard 1988 L02b
               |         Rhinopsocus Badonnel & Lienhard 1987 L98
               |           `--R. cincinnatus Lienhard 1988 L98
               |         Cyrtopsochus Costa 1885 [=Cyrtopsocus; incl. Gibbopsocus Badonnel 1975] L98
               |           |--*C. irroratus Costa 1885 L98
               |           |--C. canariensis (Meinander 1973) [=Mesopsocus canariensis, Cyrtopsocus canariensis] L98
               |           |--C. nasutus (Enderlein 1907) [=Mesopsocus nasutus; incl. M. dromedarius Ball 1937] L98
               |           |--C. pustulatus (Badonnel 1975) (see below for synonymy) L98
               |           `--C. truncatus Lienhard 1996 L98
               |--+--Psoculus Roesler 1954 [Psoculidae] SN04
               |  |    `--*P. neglectus (Roesler 1935) [=Reuterella neglecta] G74
               |  `--+--Psoculidus Badonnel & Lienhard 1988 SN04
               |     `--Palmicola Mockford 1955 SN04
               |          |--*P. aphrodite Mockford 1955 SN04
               |          `--P. solitaria Mockford 1955 M93
               `--Mesopsocus Kolbe 1880 SN04 (see below for synonymy)
                    |--*M. unipunctatus (Müller 1764) M93 (see below for synonymy)
                    |--M. apterus Kaplin 1990 L98
                    |--M. atlasicus Badonnel 1945 L98
                    |--M. badhysi Kaplin 1990 L98
                    |--M. blancae Baz 1988 [incl. M. andalusicus Baz 1989] L98
                    |--M. boops (Hagen 1859) [=Psocus boops, Elipsocus boops] SN04
                    |--M. brachyonematus Li 2002 L02b
                    |--M. carthaginensis Lienhard 1988 L98
                    |--M. corniculatus Li 2002 [=M. corniculata] L03
                    |--M. curvimarginatus Li 2002 [=L. curvimangiratus] L02b
                    |--M. dichotomus Li 2002 L02b
                    |--M. diopsis Enderlein 1902 E07 [=*Lobocoria diopsis NL07]
                    |--M. dislobus Yoshizawa 1998 SN04
                    |--M. duboscqui Badonnel 1938 L98
                    |--M. fuscifrons Meinander 1966 L98
                    |--M. giganteus Lienhard 1995 L98
                    |--M. graecus Lienhard 1981 L98
                    |--M. helvsticus Lienhard 1977 L02b [=M. duboscqui helveticus L98]
                    |--M. hiemalis Marikovsky 1957 L98
                    |--M. hongkongensis Thornton 1959 SN04
                    |--M. immunis (Stephens 1836) [=Psocus immunis; incl. M. lusitanus Lienhard 1981] M93
                    |--M. jiensis Li 2002 L02b
                    |--M. jinicus Li 2002 L02b
                    |--M. kopetdaghensis Kaplin 1992 L98
                    |--M. laricolus Li 2002 L02b [=M. laricis L02a]
                    |--M. laterimaculatus Ball 1937 [incl. M. africanus Baz 1989, M. maroccanus Badonnel 1945] L98
                    |--M. laticeps (Kolbe 1880) SN04 (see below for synonymy)
                    |--M. montinus Enderlein 1907 E07
                    |--M. neimongolicus Li 2002 L02b
                    |--M. nigrimaculatus Li 2002 L02b
                    |--M. phaeodematus Li 2002 L02b
                    |--M. salignus Li 2002 L02b
                    |--M. stenoperus Li 2002 [=M. stenopterou] L02b
                    |--M. strongylotus Li 2002 L02b
                    |--M. troodos Lienhard 1995 L98
                    |--M. vernus Lienhard 1977 L98
                    |--M. wardi Meinander 1973 L98
                    |--M. yemenitus Lienhard 1988 L98
                    |--M. yeni New 1991 SN04
                    `--M. ypsilon Ball 1937 [incl. M. fuscilabrum Baz 1989] L98

Cyrtopsochus pustulatus (Badonnel 1975) [=Gibbopsocus pustulatus; incl. G. meridionalis Badonnel 1975] L98

Mesopsocus Kolbe 1880 SN04 [incl. Holoneura Tetens 1891 L02b, Lobocoria Enderlein 1910 L02b, Trocticus Bertkau 1883 L02b]

Mesopsocus laticeps (Kolbe 1880) SN04 [=Elipsocus laticeps NL07, *Holoneura laticeps NL07; incl. Mesopsocus laticeps ab. pedunculata Enderlein 1901 G74]

*Mesopsocus unipunctatus (Müller 1764) M93 [=Hemerobius unipunctatus NL07, Elipsocus unipunctatus M93, Holoneura unipunctatus M93; incl. Hemerobius aphidioides Schrank 1781 M93, Elipsocus aphidioides M93, Mesopsocus unipunctatus var. bifasciatus Enderlein 1906 G74, M. unipunctatus var. borealis Enderlein 1910 G74, M. unipunctatus var. fasciatus Enderlein 1906 G74, *Trocticus gibbulus Bertkau 1883 NL07, M93, Psocus longicornis Stephens 1836 non Hemerobius longicornis Fabricius 1777 (not preoc. if dif. gen.) M93, P. naso Rambur 1842 M93, P. obliteratus Zetterstedt 1840 M93, P. oculatus Zetterstedt 1840 M93, P. signatus Hagen 1861 M93, Elipsocus signatus M93, Mesopsocus unipunctatus var. subfuscus Enderlein 1906 G74, Caecilius vitripennis Curtis 1837 M93]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[E07] Enderlein, G. 1907. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den Umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905–1906 vol. 15. Corrodentia pt 2. Copeognatha. Almqvist & Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B.: Uppsala.

[G74] Günther, K. K. 1974. Staubläuse, Psocoptera. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 61: 1–315.

[L02a] Li F. 2002a. Psocoptera of China vol. 1. Science Press: Beijing.

[L02b] Li F. 2002b. Psocoptera of China vol. 2. Science Press: Beijing.

[L98] Lienhard, C. 1998. Faune de France. France et Régions Limitrophes. 83. Psocoptères Euro-Méditerranéens. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles: Paris.

[L03] Lienhard, C. 2003. Nomenclatural amendments concerning Chinese Psocoptera (Insecta), with remarks on species richness. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 110 (4): 695–721.

[M93] Mockford, E. L. 1993. North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Sandhill Crane Press, Inc.

[NL07] New, T. R., & C. Lienhard. 2007. The Psocoptera of Tropical South-east Asia. Brill: Leiden.

[SN04] Schmidt, E. R., & T. R. New. 2004. A systematic and phylogenetic revision of the family Elipsocidae (Insecta: Psocoptera), with the erection of two new families: Lesneiidae and Sabulopsocidae. Invertebrate Systematics 18: 157–213.

[Y02] Yoshizawa, K. 2002. Phylogeny and higher classification of suborder Psocomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 371–400.

Last updated: 9 August 2020.

Caeciliusetae

Matsumuraiella radiopicta, photographed by Kazunori Yoshizawa.

Belongs within: Psocomorpha.
Contains: Stenopsocidae, Caeciliusidae, Kodamaius, Dasydemella, Amphipsocini, Siniamphipsocus.

The Caeciliusetae are a clade of barklice characterised by the absence of a preapical tooth on the pretarsal claw, and reduction of the external valve of the gonapophyses. Members of the clade are divided between the small bark-dwelling family Asiopsocidae and the more diverse foliage-dwelling Caeciliusoidea (Yoshizawa 2002).

Characters (from Yoshizawa 2002): Small to large in size, about 2–10 mm in length. Sexual dimorphism present. Head with rounded vertex; eyes variable; ocelli complete, clustered on small tubercle; mandible more or less elongate, outer margin angled; galea ball-shaped; labial palpus somewhat triangular. Prothorax less bulged dorsally; preepisternum of prothorax elongate. Pterothorax greatly bulged dorsally in winged form; mesothorax with broad precoxal bridge and narrow trochantin; metathorax with broad membranous region. Forewing variable in venation, size, shape, and colour; posteroproximal corner smoothly rounded. Hindwing with smoothly rounded posteroproximal corner; ciliation variable; Sc clear; Rs and M + Cu fused for long distance basally; Rs and M fused. Tarsi 2-segmented; claws without preapical tooth. Male genitalia: Hypandrium simple, posterior margin smoothly rounded. Phallosome: aedeagus pointed apically, strongly arched in lateral aspect; paramere extended along aedeagus, strongly arched in lateral aspect; phallobase simple and narrow, anterior margin not divided; endophallus usually with weakly sclerotized region but never with rod-like sclerites. Female genitalia: Subgenital plate simply rounded or slightly hollowed posteriorly. Gonapophyses variable; external valve more or less reduced.

<==Caeciliusetae [Caecilietae]
    |--Asiopsocidae [Asiopsocoidea] NL07
    |    |--Pronotiopsocus Mockford 1983 M93
    |    |    `--*P. amazonicus M93
    |    |--Notiopsocus Banks 1913 [incl. Lenkoella Machado-Allison & Papavero 1964] M93
    |    |    |--*N. simplex M93
    |    |    |--N. aldretei Y02
    |    |    |--N. machadoi Badonnel 1955 B55
    |    |    `--N. vilhenai Badonnel 1955 B55
    |    `--Asiopsocus Günther 1968 Y02
    |         |--*A. mongolicus Günther 1968 L02
    |         |--A. meridionalis Lienhard 1981 L98
    |         |--A. sonorensis Mockford & García Aldrete 1976 M93
    |         |--A. vanharteni Lienhard 1995 L98
    |         `--A. wulingshanensis Li 2002 L02
    `--Caeciliusoidea [Caecilioidea] NL07
         |--Stenopsocidae Y02
         `--+--Caeciliusidae Y02
            `--Amphipsocidae Y02
                 |  i. s.: Brachypsocus Lienhard 1979 L98
                 |           `--*B. badonneli Lienhard 1979 L98
                 |--Kodamaius NL07
                 |--Calocaecilius Mockford 1974 L03 [Calocaecillinae NL07]
                 |    |--*C. decipiens Mockford 1974 NL07
                 |    `--C. apertus Thornton 1984 NL07
                 |--Dasydemellinae [Dasydemellidae] NL07
                 |    |--Ptenopsila M93
                 |    |--Dasydemella SN04
                 |    |--Teliapsocus Chapman 1930 M93
                 |    |    |--*T. conterminus (Walsh 1863) (see below for synonymy) M93
                 |    |    `--T. distinctus Badonnel 1986 B86
                 |    `--Matsumuraiella Enderlein 1906 L02
                 |         |--*M. radiopicta Enderlein 1906 L02
                 |         |--M. auriformis Li 1989 L02
                 |         |--M. enderleini Banks 1937 L02
                 |         |--M. guichengana Li 1997 L02
                 |         |--M. maculosa Li 1997 L02
                 |         |--M. perducta Li 2002 [=M. producta Li 2001 (n. n.)] L03
                 |         |--M. quadripunctata Li 1993 L02
                 |         `--M. wangae Li 1997 L02
                 `--Amphipsocinae [Polypsocidae] NL07
                      |  i. s.: Harpezoneura ambigua Badonnel 1946 B55
                      |         Polypsocus Hagen 1866 [incl. Ptilopsocus Enderlein 1900] M93
                      |           |--*P. corruptus (Hagen 1861) (see below for synonymy) M93
                      |           `--P. fasciatus Banks 1908 M74
                      |--Amphipsocini NL07
                      |--Dasypsocus Enderlein 1906 L02 [Dasypsocini NL07]
                      |    |--*D. solox (Enderlein 1903) [=Kolbea solox] NL07
                      |    |--D. angolensis Badonnel 1955 B55
                      |    |--D. brunneus Badonnel 1955 B55
                      |    |--D. pilosus Badonnel 1955 B55
                      |    `--D. tibialis Badonnel 1955 B55
                      `--Kolbiini [Kolbeinae, Kolbeini] NL07
                           |--Pseudokolbea Li 2002 L02 [=Pseudoklobea L03, Pseudokolba L03]
                           |    |--*P. nigrisetosa Li 2002 [=P. nigrietosa] L03
                           |    |--P. immaculata (Li & Yang 1992) [=Kolbea immaculata] L02
                           |    |--P. phaea Li 2002 L03
                           |    |--P. xanthoptera Li 2002 L03
                           |    `--P. xuthosticta Li 2002 L03
                           |--Kolbia Bertkau 1883 NL07, G74 [=Kolbea NL07]
                           |    |--*K. quisquiliarum Bertkau 1882 L98 [=Kolbea quisquiliarum G74]
                           |    |--K. bakeri Banks 1916 NL07
                           |    |--K. hummeli Enderlein 1936 L02
                           |    |--K. maculipennis Karny 1925 NL07
                           |    `--K. serialis Banks 1937 L02
                           `--Siniamphipsocus M03

*Polypsocus corruptus (Hagen 1861) [=Psocus corruptus; incl. Psocus abruptus Hagen 1861, Polypsocus abruptus, Ptilopsocus annulicornis Banks 1903, Po. corruptus var. omissus Banks 1938, Po. corruptus var. pictilis Banks 1938] M93

*Teliapsocus conterminus (Walsh 1863) [=Psocus conterminus, Elipsocus conterminus, Matsumuraiella contermina; incl. Psocus canadensis Provancher 1876, Caecilius definitus Aaron 1883] M93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B55] Badonnel, A. 1955. Psocoptères de l'Angola. Diamang Publicações Culturais 26: 11–267.

[B86] Badonnel, A. 1986. Psocoptères de Colombie (Insecta, Psocoptera). Spixiana 9 (2): 179–223.

[G74] Günther, K. K. 1974. Staubläuse, Psocoptera. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 61: 1–315.

[L02] Li F. 2002. Psocoptera of China vol. 1. Science Press: Beijing.

[L98] Lienhard, C. 1998. Faune de France. France et Régions Limitrophes. 83. Psocoptères Euro-Méditerranéens. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles: Paris.

[L03] Lienhard, C. 2003. Nomenclatural amendments concerning Chinese Psocoptera (Insecta), with remarks on species richness. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 110 (4): 695–721.

[M74] Mockford, E. L. 1974. Records and descriptions of Cuban Psocoptera. Entomologica Americana 48 (2): 103–215.

[M93] Mockford, E. L. 1993. North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Sandhill Crane Press, Inc.

[M03] Mockford, E. L. 2003. New species and records of Psocoptera from the Kuril Islands. Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 50 (2): 191–230.

[NL07] New, T. R., & C. Lienhard. 2007. The Psocoptera of Tropical South-east Asia. Brill: Leiden.

[SN04] Schmidt, E. R., & T. R. New. 2004. A systematic and phylogenetic revision of the family Elipsocidae (Insecta: Psocoptera), with the erection of two new families: Lesneiidae and Sabulopsocidae. Invertebrate Systematics 18: 157–213.

[Y02] Yoshizawa, K. 2002. Phylogeny and higher classification of suborder Psocomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 371–400.

Last updated: 9 August 2020.

Liposcelis

Liposcelis bostrychophila, photographed by Alby Oakshott.

Belongs within: Nanopsocetae.

Liposcelis, the booklice, is a cosmopolitan genus of minute flattened, wingless insects with a number of species being widely synanthropic. The genus has been divided into a number of sections and groups on the basis of diagnostic features though the evolutionary significance of these groups remains undetermined. Members of section II possess a clearer band of integument across the rear of the third and fourth abdominal tergites, giving the abdomen a banded appearance, and may possess bristles on the posterior half of the prosternum, whereas members of section I lack such abdominal bands and only have bristles on the anterior of the prosternum (Mockford 1993).

<==Liposcelis Motschulsky 1852 YL10
    |--Section I L98
    |    |--Group A L98
    |    |    |  i. s.: L. albothoracica Broadhead 1955 [=L. albothoracicus] L98
    |    |    |         L. antennatoides Li & Li 1995 L02
    |    |    |         L. badia Wang, Wang & Lienhard 2006 WWL06
    |    |    |         L. canariensis Lienhard 1996 L98
    |    |    |         L. cibaritica Li & Li in Li 2002 WWL06, L02
    |    |    |         L. jilinica Li & Li in Li 2002 WWL06, L02
    |    |    |         L. laoshanensis Li & Li 2002 WWL06, YL10
    |    |    |         L. naturalis Li & Li 2002 WWL06, YL10 [=L. natiuralis L03]
    |    |    |         L. nigritibia Li & Li 1995 L02
    |    |    |         L. palatina Roesler 1954 [=L. palatinus] YL10
    |    |    |         L. rufiornata Li & Li 1995 L02
    |    |    |         L. sinica Li & Li 1995 L02
    |    |    |         L. yunnaniensis Li & Li 1995 L02
    |    |    |--Group I-Aa M93
    |    |    |    |--*L. brunnea Motschulsky 1852 [=L. brunneus; incl. L. liparus Broadhead 1947] L02
    |    |    |    |--L. liparoides Badonnel 1962 M93, YL10
    |    |    |    `--L. setosa Badonnel 1963 M93, YL10
    |    |    |--Group I-Ab MK08
    |    |    |    |--L. castrii Badonnel 1963 B86, YL10
    |    |    |    |--L. dentata Badonnel 1986 B86, YL10
    |    |    |    |--L. entomophila (Enderlein 1907) M93 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |    |--L. fusciceps Badonnel 1968 M93
    |    |    |    |--L. hirsuta Badonnel 1948 M93, YL10 [=L. hirsutus B50]
    |    |    |    |--L. hirsutoides Mockford 1978 M93
    |    |    |    |--L. marginepunctata Badonnel 1969 M93, YL10
    |    |    |    |--L. ornata Mockford 1978 [=L. ornatus] M93
    |    |    |    |--L. pallens Badonnel 1968 M93
    |    |    |    |--L. pallida Mockford 1978 MK08 [=L. pallidus M93]
    |    |    |    |--L. villosa Mockford 1971 MK08 [=L. villosus M93]
    |    |    |    `--+--L. deltachi Sommerman 1957 MK08
    |    |    |       |--L. nasus Sommerman 1957 MK08
    |    |    |       |--L. maunakea Mockford & Krushelnycky 2008 MK08
    |    |    |       `--L. volcanorum Mockford & Krushelnycky 2008 MK08
    |    |    `--Group I-Ac B86
    |    |         |--L. alticollis Badonnel 1986 B86
    |    |         |    |--L. a. alticollis B86
    |    |         |    `--L. a. cumbalensis Badonnel 1986 B86
    |    |         |--L. chilensis Badonnel 1963 B86, YL10
    |    |         `--L. mimula Badonnel 1986 B86, YL10
    |    `--Group B L98
    |         |--L. bicolor (Banks 1900) [=Troctes bicolor] M93
    |         |--L. bouilloni Badonnel 1974 L02
    |         |--L. decolor (Pearman 1925) (see below for synonymy) L02
    |         |--L. keleri Günther 1974 [incl. L. sculptilis Lienhard 1977] L98
    |         |--L. kyrosensis Badonnel 1971 L98
    |         |--L. lacinia Sommerman 1957 M93
    |         |--L. maculata Lienhard 1996 L98
    |         |--L. meridionalis (von Rosen 1911) (see below for synonymy) L98
    |         |--L. myrmecophila Broadhead 1950 [=L. myrmecophilus] L98
    |         |--L. nigra (Banks 1900) [=Troctes niger; incl. L. knullei Broadhead 1971] M93
    |         |--L. orghidani Badonnel 1973 [incl. L. orghidani atratus Badonnel 1973] L98
    |         |--L. pearmani Lienhard 1990 YL10
    |         |--L. picta Ball 1940 [=L. pictus] L98
    |         |--L. priesneri Enderlein 1925 [incl. L. montanum Badonnel 1971] L98
    |         |--L. pulchra Lienhard 1980 [=L. pulcher] L98
    |         |--L. purpurea (Aaron 1883) (n. d.) M93, YL10 [=Atropos purpurea M93, Troctes purpurea B50]
    |         |--L. rufa Broadhead 1950 [=L. rufus] MK08
    |         |--L. silvarum (Kolbe 1888) [=Troctes silvarum] M93
    |         |--L. triocellata Mockford 1971 [=L. triocellatus] M93
    |         `--L. uxoris Lienhard 1980 L98
    `--Section II L98
         |--Group C L98
         |    |--L. australis Smithers 1996 S96
         |    |--L. ayosae Lienhard 1996 MK08
         |    |--L. barrai Badonnel 1969 MK08
         |    |--L. bicoloripes Badonnel 1955 S96, B55
         |    |--L. bogotana Badonnel 1986 MK08
         |    |--L. elegantis Li & Li 1995 L02
         |    |--L. exigua Badonnel 1931 MK08 [=L. exiguus B50]
         |    |    |--L. e. exigua B86
         |    |    `--L. e. oligops B86
         |    |--L. fallax Badonnel 1986 B86
         |    |--L. formicaria (Hagen 1865) [=Atropos formicaria, L. formicarius, Troctes formicarius] M93
         |    |--L. kipukae Mockford & Krushelnycky 2008 MK08
         |    |--L. lenkoi Badonnel 1968 S96, YL10
         |    |--L. lunai Badonnel 1969 S96, YL10
         |    |--L. mendax Pearman 1946 L02
         |    |--L. mira Badonnel 1986 MK08
         |    |--L. montamargensis Badonnel 1967 S96, YL10
         |    |--L. obscura Broadhead 1954 MK08
         |    |--L. pacifica Badonnel 1986 MK08
         |    |--L. paetula Broadhead 1950 MK08 [=L. paetulus B50]
         |    |--L. parvula Badonnel 1963 MK08
         |    |--L. pauliani Badonnel 1967 S96, YL10
         |    |--L. pubescens Broadhead 1947 S96, YL10
         |    |--L. romeralensis Badonnel 1967 MK08
         |    |--L. tamminensis Smithers 1996 S96
         |    `--L. tetrops Badonnel 1986 MK08
         `--Group D L98
              |--L. aconae Badonnel 1974 L98
              |--L. arenicola Günther 1974 [=L. arenicolus] L98
              |--L. bostrychophila Badonnel 1931 MK08 (see below for synonymy)
              |--L. capitisecta Wang, Wang & Lienhard 2006 WWL06
              |--L. compacta Lienhard 1990 L98
              |--L. corrodens (Heymons 1909) [=Troctes corrodens; incl. L. subfuscus Broadhead 1947] M93
              |--L. edaphica Lienhard 1990 L98
              |--L. flavida Badonnel 1969 M74, YL10
              |--L. nuptialis Badonnel 1972 M93, YL10
              |--L. paeta Pearman 1942 [=L. paetus] L02
              |--L. prenolepidis (Enderlein 1909) [=Troctes prenolepidis] M93
              |--L. rugosa Badonnel 1945 [=L. rugosus] L98
              |--L. sculptilimacula Li & Li 1995 WWL06, L02 (see below for synonymy)
              |--L. semicaeca Lienhard 1990 L98
              |--L. tricolor Badonnel 1973 L98
              `--L. yangi Li & Li 1998 L02

Liposcelis incertae sedis:
  L. abdominalis Badonnel 1962 YL10
  L. ambigua Badonnel 1972 YL10
  L. angolensis Badonnel 1955 YL10
    |--L. a. angolensis B55
    `--L. a. areolatus Badonnel 1955 B55
  L. annulata Badonnel 1955 YL10
  L. anomala Badonnel 1955 YL10
  L. atavus Enderlein 1911 YL10
  L. bengalensis Badonnel 1981 YL10
  L. borbonensis Badonnel 1977 YL10
  L. broadheadi Badonnel 1969 YL10
  L. delamarei Badonnel 1962 YL10
  L. desertica Badonnel 1955 YL10
  L. dichromis Badonnel 1967 YL10
  L. discalis Badonnel 1962 YL10
  L. distincta Badonnel 1955 YL10
  L. divinatoria (Müller 1776) (n. d.) MK08 (see below for synonymy)
  L. fasciata (Enderlein 1908) YL10 [=Troctes fasciatus B50]
  L. globiceps Badonnel 1967 YL10
  L. guentheri Badonnel 1982 YL10
  L. kidderi (Hagen 1883) YL10 [=Atropos divinatoria var. kidderi L02, Troctes kidderi L02]
  L. laparvensis Badonnel 1967 YL10
  L. machadoi Badonnel 1969 YL10
  L. maracayensis Mockford 1996 YL10
  L. minuta Badonnel 1974 YL10
  L. nigrocincta Badonnel 1962 YL10
  L. nigrofasciata Badonnel 1963 YL10
  L. perforata Badonnel 1955 YL10
  L. plesiopuber Broadhead & Richards 1982 YL10
  L. puber Badonnel 1955 YL10
  L. resinata (Hagen 1865) YL10 [=L. resinatus B50]
  L. reticulata Badonnel 1962 YL10
  L. similis Badonnel 1972 YL10
  L. transvaalensis (Enderlein 1909) YL10 [=Troctes transvaalensis B50]
  L. varians Badonnel 1955 B55

Nomen nudum: Liposcelis muscorum Motschulsky 1853 B50

Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel 1931 MK08 [=L. bostrychophilus MK08; incl. L. divergens Badonnel 1943 L02, L. granicola Broadhead & Hobby 1944 L02, L. bostrichophilus granulosus Badonnel 1962 G74]

Liposcelis decolor (Pearman 1925) [=Troctes bicolor var. decolor; incl. L. luridus Broadhead 1947, L. macedonicus Günther 1980, L. terricolis monnictae Badonnel 1971, L. silvarum palpalis Badonnel 1971, L. simulans Broadhead 1950, L. terricolis Badonnel 1945] L02

Liposcelis divinatoria (Müller 1776) (n. d.) MK08 [=Termes divinatorium G74, L. divinatorium NL07, L. divinatorius MK08]

Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein 1907) M93 [=Troctes entomophilus L02, L. entomophilus L02; incl. L. bakeri Pearman 1928 L02, L. virgulatus Pearman 1929 L02]

Liposcelis meridionalis (von Rosen 1911) [=Troctes meridionalis; incl. T. gallicus Pearman 1951, Liposcelis gallicus] L98

Liposcelis sculptilimacula Li & Li 1995 L03, L02 [=L. sculptilis (l. c.) non Lienhard 1977 L03, L. sculptimacula (l. c.) L03]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B55] Badonnel, A. 1955. Psocoptères de l'Angola. Diamang Publicações Culturais 26: 11–267.

[B86] Badonnel, A. 1986. Psocoptères de Colombie (Insecta, Psocoptera). Spixiana 9 (2): 179–223.

[B50] Broadhead, E. 1950. A revision of the genus Liposcelis Motschulsky with notes on the position of this genus in the order Corrodentia and on the variability of ten Liposcelis species. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 101 (10): 335–388, pls 1–3.

[G74] Günther, K. K. 1974. Staubläuse, Psocoptera. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 61: 1–315.

[L02] Li F. 2002. Psocoptera of China vol. 1. Science Press: Beijing.

[L98] Lienhard, C. 1998. Faune de France. France et Régions Limitrophes. 83. Psocoptères Euro-Méditerranéens. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles: Paris.

[L03] Lienhard, C. 2003. Nomenclatural amendments concerning Chinese Psocoptera (Insecta), with remarks on species richness. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 110 (4): 695–721.

[M74] Mockford, E. L. 1974. Records and descriptions of Cuban Psocoptera. Entomologica Americana 48 (2): 103–215.

[M93] Mockford, E. L. 1993. North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Sandhill Crane Press, Inc.

[MK08] Mockford, E. L., & P. D. Krushelnycky. 2008. New species and records of Liposcelis Motschulsky (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) from Hawaii with first description of the male of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel. Zootaxa 1766: 53–68.

[NL07] New, T. R., & C. Lienhard. 2007. The Psocoptera of Tropical South-east Asia. Brill: Leiden.

[S96] Smithers, C. N. 1996. Psocoptera from the Western Australian wheatbelt. Gen. Appl. Ent. 27: 13–18.

[WWL06] Wang Z.-Y., Wang J.-J. & C. Lienhard. 2006. Two new species of Liposcelis (Psocoptera, Liposcelididae) from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 31 (3): 564–568.

[YL10] Yoshizawa, K., & C. Lienhard. 2010. In search of the sister group of the true lice: a systematic review of booklice and their relatives, with an updated checklist of Liposcelididae (Insecta: Psocodea). Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny 68 (2): 181–195.

Last updated: 4 August 2020.

Artemisia

Mugwort Artemisia vulgaris, photographed by Christian Fischer.

Belongs within: Anthemideae.
Contains: Artemisia section Tridentatae.

Artemisia, including sagebrushes and wormwoods, is a mostly Northern Hemisphere genus of usually strong-smelling, wind-pollinated herbs and shrubs. Notable species include wormwood A. absinthium, used to make the spirit absinthe, and tarragon A. dracunculus, used as a culinary herb.

Characters (from L. M. Shultz): Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 3–350 cm (usually, rarely not, aromatic). Stems 1–10+, usually erect, usually branched, glabrous or hairy (hairs basi- or medifixed). Leaves basal or basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades filiform, linear, lanceolate, ovate, elliptic, oblong, oblanceolate, obovate, cuneate, flabellate, or spatulate, usually pinnately and/or palmately lobed, sometimes apically ± 3-lobed or -toothed, or entire, faces glabrous or hairy (hairs multicelled and filled with aromatic terpenoids and/or 1-celled and hollow, dolabriform, T-shaped). Heads usually discoid, sometimes disciform (subradiate in A. bigelovii), in relatively broad, paniculiform arrays, or in relatively narrow, racemiform or spiciform arrays. Involucres campanulate, globose, ovoid, or turbinate, 1.5–8 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 2–20+ in 4–7 series, distinct, (usually green to whitish green, rarely stramineous) ovate to lanceolate, unequal, margins and apices (usually green or white, rarely dark brown or black) ± scarious (abaxial faces glabrous or hairy). Receptacles flat, convex, or conic (glabrous or hairy), epaleate (rarely paleate). Ray florets absent(peripheral pistillate florets in disciform heads usually 1–20, their corollas filiform; corollas of 1–3 pistillate florets in heads of A. bigelovii sometimes ± 2-lobed, weakly raylike). Disc florets 2–20(–30+), bisexual and fertile, or functionally staminate; corollas (glabrous or ± hirtellous) usually pale yellow, rarely red, tubes ± cylindric, throats subglobose or funnelform, lobes 5, ± deltate. Cypselae (brown) fusiform, ribs 0 (and faces finely striate) or 2–5, faces glabrous or hairy (not villous), often gland-dotted (pericarps sometimes with myxogenic cells, without resin sacs; embryo sac development monosporic); pappi usually absent (rarely coroniform, sometimes on outer in A. rothrockii). x = 9.

<==Artemisia Linnaeus 1778 M79
    |--A. subg. Artemisia M79
    |    |  i. s.: A. californica M79
    |    |         A. frigida M79
    |    |         A. ludoviciana M79
    |    |           |--A. l. ssp. ludoviciana H93
    |    |           |--A. l. ssp. albula H93
    |    |           |--A. l. ssp. candicans H93
    |    |           `--A. l. ssp. incompta H93
    |    |--A. sect. Artemisia TV01
    |    |    |--A. armeniaca TV01
    |    |    |--A. biennis TV01
    |    |    |--A. chamaemelifolia TV01
    |    |    |--A. incana TV01
    |    |    |--A. tournefortiana TV01
    |    |    `--A. vulgaris TV01
    |    `--A. sect. Absinthium M79
    |         |--A. austriaca TV01
    |         |    |--A. a. var. austriaca TV01
    |         |    `--A. a. var. advena TV01
    |         `--A. splendens TV01
    |--A. subg. Dracunculus M79
    |    |--A. dracunculus M79
    |    |--A. filifolia M79
    |    |--A. marschalliana TV01
    |    |--A. pedatifida M79
    |    |--A. scoparia TV01
    |    `--A. spinescens [=Picrothamnus spinescens] M79
    `--A. subg. Seriphidium M79
         |--A. sect. Seriphidium TV01
         |    |--A. ciniformis TV01
         |    |--A. fragrans TV01
         |    |--A. gypsacea TV01
         |    `--A. kopetdaghensis TV01
         `--A. sect. Tridentatae M79

Artemisia incertae sedis:
  A. absinthium C55
  A. alba R-CT01
  A. annua H93
  A. asiatica S00
  A. caerulencens M79
  A. campestris H93
    |--A. c. ssp. campestris H93
    `--A. c. ssp. borealis H93
  A. capillaris O88
  A. carruthi BT87
  A. caruifolia O88
  A. caudata NC01
  A. douglasiana H93
  A. gmelinii O88
  A. herba-alba L98
  A. judaica TV01
  A. lucentica TV01
  A. michauxiana H93
  A. monosperma L98
  A. nesiotica [incl. A. californica var. insulare] H93
  A. nilagirica D07
  A. norvegica H93
    |--A. n. ssp. norvegica H93
    `--A. n. ssp. saxatilis H93
  A. princeps MH98
  A. pycnocephala H93
  A. reptans TV01
  A. roxburghiana O88
    |--A. r. var. roxburghiana O88
    `--A. r. var. purpurascens O88
  A. scopulorum GS99
  A. sieversiana O88
  A. stricta O88
  A. suksdorfii H93
  A. wallichiana O88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BT87] Baker, E. W., & D. M. Tuttle. 1987. The false spider mites of Mexico (Tenuipalpidae: Acari). United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1706: 1–237.

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[D07] Dash, S. S. 2007. Useful plants of Kabi Sacred Grove, Sikkim. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 79–88.

[GS99] Galen, C., & M. L. Stanton. 1999. Seedling establishment in alpine buttercups under experimental manipulations of growing-season length. Ecology 80: 2033–2044.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[L98] Lienhard, C. 1998. Faune de France. France et Régions Limitrophes. 83. Psocoptères Euro-Méditerranéens. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles: Paris.

[M79] McArthur, E. D. 1979. Sagebrush systematics and evolution. In: The Sagebrush Ecosystem: A Symposium pp. 14–22. Utah State University: Logan.

[MH98] Morikawa, H., A. Higaki, M. Nohno, M. Takahashi, M. Kamada, M. Nakata, G. Toyohara, Y. Okamura, K. Matsui, S. Kitani, K. Fujita, K. Irifune & N. Goshima. 1998. More than a 600-fold variation in nitrogen dioxide assimilation among 217 plant taxa. Plant, Cell and Environment 21: 180–190.

[NC01] Nekola, J. C., & B. F. Coles. 2001. Systematics and ecology of Gastrocopta (Gastrocopta) rogersensis (Gastropoda: Pupillidae), a new species of land snail from the Midwest of the United States of America. Nautilus 115 (3): 105–114.

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.

[R-CT01] Ragusa-di Chiara, S., & H. Tsolakis. 2001. Phytoseiid faunas of natural and agricultural ecosystems in Sicily. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 522–529. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[S00] Siddiqi, M. R. 2000. Tylenchida: Parasites of plants and insects 2^nd ed. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).

[TV01] Torrell, M., J. Vallès, N. Garcia-Jacas, V. Mozaffarian & E. Gabrielian. 2001. New or rare chromosome counts in the genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) from Armenia and Iran. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 135 (1): 51–60.

Last updated: 18 January 2019.