Colubridae

Collared reed snake Calamaria pavimentata, copyright Rushenb.

Belongs within: Caenophidia.
Contains: Thamnophis, Lampropeltis, Pseudorabdion, Natricinae, Xenodontinae, Colubrinae.

The Colubridae are a cosmopolitan group of snakes, including both non-venomous and rear-fanged venomous species, characterised by the presence of solid teeth on the maxilla, palatine, pterygoid and dentary, but never on the premaxilla.

Colubridae
    |--+--Natricinae VH02
    |  `--+--Pseudoxenodon karlschmidti VH02
    |     `--Xenodontinae VH02
    `--+--Grayia ornata VH02
       `--+--Colubrinae VH02
          `--Calamariinae VH02
               |--Oreocalamus hanitschi VH02
               `--Calamaria VH02
                    |--C. babia S60
                    |--C. favae de Filippi 1840 (n. d.) [=Atractus favae] S60
                    |--C. pavimentata VH02
                    |--C. pfefferi Stejneger 1901 I92
                    `--C. stahlknechti M89

Colubridae incertae sedis:
  Thamnophis VH02
  Dendrophidion dendrophis DS86
  Drymarchon corais DS86
  Drymobius rhombifer DS86
  Drymoluber dichrous DS86
  Leptophis DS86
    |--L. abaetulla DS86
    |    |--L. a. abaetulla DS86
    |    `--L. a. nigromarginatus DS86
    |--L. cupreus DS86
    `--L. mexicanus M86
  Pseustes DS86
    |--P. poecilonotus DS86
    |    |--P. p. poecilonotus DS86
    |    `--P. p. polylepis DS86
    |--P. sexcarinatus DS86
    `--P. sulphureus DS86
  Spilotes pullatus DS86
  Xenopholis scalaris DS86
  Psomophis C07
  Coronella austriaca Laurenti 1768 BB03 [=Coluber austriacus K08]
  Texasophis Holman 1977 RB05
    |--*T. fossilis Holman 1977 SH96
    |--T. bohemiacus RB05
    |--T. galbreathi Holman 1984 SH96
    `--T. meini Rage & Holman 1984 RB05
  Dromicus H81
    |--D. cursor (Lacépède 1789) [=Leimadophis cursor] H81
    `--D. ornatus Garman 1887 [=Leimadophis ornatus] H81
  Phalotris JK08
    |--P. cuyanus (Cei 1984) JK08
    |--P. lemniscatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854) JK08
    |--P. matogrossensis Lema, D’Agostini & Cappellari 2005 JK08
    |--P. mertensi (Hoge 1955) JK08
    |--P. nasutus (Gomes 1915) JK08
    |--P. sansebastiani Jansen & Köhler 2008 JK08
    `--P. tricolor (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854) [incl. P. punctatus (Lema 1979)] JK08
  Elapomorphus JK08
    |--E. mertensi Hoge 1955 H55
    `--E. tricolor H55
  Dendrophis R13
    |--D. calligaster R13
    |--D. caudolineata M89
    `--D. picta M89
  Trimorphodon biscutatus N10
  Pituophis GWN71
    |--P. catenifer OB11
    `--P. melanoleucus GWN71
  Apostolepis G11
  Lytorhynchus diadema [incl. L. kennedyi Schmidt 1939] A-O00
  Dendrelaphis Boulenger 1890 C18
    |--D. calligastra (Günther 1867) C18
    |--D. caudolineatus VH02
    |--D. modestus B28
    |--D. pictus VH02
    `--D. punctulatus (Gray 1826) C18
  Lampropeltis G88
  Aspidura trachyprocta CD88
  Afronatrix anoscopus B06
  Stegonotus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854 C18
    |--S. cucullatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854) C18
    `--S. parvus (Meyer 1874) C18
  Tropidonophis Jan 1863 C18
    `--T. mairii (Gray 1841) C18
         |--T. m. mairii C18
         `--T. m. brongersmai C18
  Pantherophis guttata C18
  Zamenis SBM01
    |--Z. andreana SBM01
    `--Z. dipsas B28
  Ninia sebae M86
  Pseudorabdion IL61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A-O00] Al-Oran, R. M. 2000. Notable herpetological records from central and southern Jordan. Zoology in the Middle East 21: 31–36.

[B28] Betrem, J. G. 1928. Monographie der Indo-Australischen Scoliiden mit zoogeographischen Betrachtungen. H. Veenman & Zonen: Wageningen.

[BB03] Blain, H.-A., & S. Bailon. 2003. Les amphibiens et les reptiles des couches du Pléistocène supérieur ancien du gisement d'Artenac (Charente, France). Quaternaire 14 (1): 85–95.

[B06] Boruchowitz, D. E. 2006. Guide to Cichlids. T.F.H. Publications: Neptune City (New Jersey).

[C07] Cadle, J. E. 2007. The snake genus Sibynomorphus (Colubridae: Dipsadinae: Dipsadini) in Peru and Ecuador, with comments on the systematics of Dipsadini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 158 (5): 183–284.

[C18] Cogger, H. G. 2018. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia updated 7^th ed. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[CD88] Crusz, H., & D. M. A. K. Daundasekera. 1988. Parasites of the relict fauna of Ceylon. IX. Helminths from burrowing scincine lizards. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee 63: 439–447.

[DS86] Dixon, J. R., & P. Soini. 1986. The Reptiles of the Upper Amazon Basin, Iquitos Region, Peru. Milwaukee Public Museum: Milwaukee.

[GWN71] Gorman, G. C., A. C. Wilson & M. Nakanishi. 1971. A biochemical approach towards the study of reptilian phylogeny: evolution of serum albumin and lactic dehydrogenase. Systematic Zoology 20 (2): 167–185.

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[G11] Guadanucci, J. P. L. 2011. Cladistic analysis and biogeography of the genus Oligoxystre Vellard 1924 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae). Journal of Arachnology 39 (2): 320–326.

[H55] Hoge, A. R. 1955. Eine neue Schlange der Gattung Elapomorphus aus Brasilien. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36 (5-6): 301–304.

[H81] Honegger, R. E. 1981. List of amphibians and reptiles either known or thought to have become extinct since 1600. Biological Conservation 19: 141–158.

[IL61] Inger, R. F., & A. E. Leviton. 1961. A new colubrid snake the genus Pseudorabdion from Sumatra. Fieldiana: Zoology 44 (5): 45–47.

[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.

[JK08] Jansen, M., & G. Köhler. 2008. A new species of Phalotris from the eastern lowlands of Bolivia (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 88 (1): 103–110.

[K08] Korsós, Z. 2008. History of the herpetological collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 100: 37–93.

[M86] McCoy, C. J. 1986. Results of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History expeditions to Belize. I. Systematic status and geographic distribution of Sibon neilli (Reptilia, Serpentes). Annals of Carnegie Museum 55 (6): 117–123.

[M89] Modigliani, E. 1889. Materiali per la fauna erpetologica dell'isola Nias. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 113–124.

[N10] Naish, D. 2010. Tetrapod Zoology: Book One. CFZ Press: Bideford (UK).

[OB11] Orenstein, R. I., & D. Brewer. 2011. Family Cardinalidae (cardinals). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 330–427. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.

[RB05] Rage, J.-C., & S. Bailon. 2005. Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the late early Miocene (MN 4) of Béon 1 (Montréal-du-Gers, southwestern France). Geodiversitas 27 (3): 413–441.

[R13] Roux, J. 1913. Les reptiles de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et des îles Loyalty. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 2 pp. 79–160. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

[S60] Savage, J. M. 1960. A revision of the Ecuadorian snakes of the colubrid genus Atractus. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 112: 1–86.

[SBM01] Schätti, B., I. Baran & P. Maunoir. 2001. Taxonomie, Morphologie und Verbreitung der Masken-Schlanknatter Coluber (s. l.) collaris (Müller, 1878). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 108 (1): 11–30.

[SH96] Sullivan, R. M., & J. A. Holman. 1996. Squamata. In: Prothero, D. R., & R. J. Emry (eds) The Terrestrial Eocene–Oligocene Transition in North America pp. 354–372. Cambridge University Press.

[VH02] Vidal, N., & S. B. Hedges. 2002. Higher-level relationships of caenophidian snakes inferred from four nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Comptes Rendus Biologies 325: 987–995.