Chrysis

Chrysis ignita, copyright Louise Hislop.

Belongs within: Chrysididae.

Chrysis is a genus of cuckoo-wasps parasitic on fossorial and other wasps, many species of which have prominent teeth on the apical margin of the abdomen (Bingham 1903).

Characters (from Bingham 1903): Female with head varying in shape, triangular or subtriangular, rounded and convex above, occasionally globose, sometimes broader than long, rarely quadrate; mandibles pointed at apex or bidentate; clypeus generally broad, often subporrect medially or emarginate anteriorly; face up to front below anterior ocellus and between eyes generally hollow, forming facial cavity in which antennae are folded at rest; antennae of male and female simple, generally cylindrical; scape moderately long; front more or less convex, sometimes slightly hollow around anterior ocellus; ocelli always present; eyes proportionately rather large, lateral; cheeks below and sides of head behind eyes generally short and restricted; vertex more or less convex; occiput transverse or emarginate, occasionally rounded. Thorax with prothorax short or moderately long, posterior lateral angles prolonged slightly towards base of wings; pronotum above more or less transversely rectangular, convex, sides parallel or slightly convergent anteriorly; propleurae generally more or less excavate; mesonotum and scutellum distinct; mesopleurae generally rugose, very often obliquely grooved, groove formed by foveate distinct depressions; apex acute or rounded, sometimes bidentate, often excavate and margined; postscutellum well developed, most often convex, rounded posteriorly, sometimes with mucro projecting backwards from base; median segment always more or less suppressed beneath postscutellum, posterior lateral angles always produced, flattened and usually acute at apex. Wings with few nervures and cells; forewing with costal, medial and first discoidal cells complete, first submedial and radial cells sometimes complete, sometimes incomplete, second submedial and first cubital incomplete, costal cell always very narrow, almost obliterated, first cubital generally entirely open at apex, rarely the transverse cubital nervure closing it is faintly outlined; hind wing with neuration still more incomplete, mere vestiges of cells and nervures being faintly outlined. Legs feeble, unarmed; femora and tibiae normal; claws simple, not dentate. Abdomen pseudosessile, more or less convex above, very variable in proportion of length to breadth; sides may be parallel or convergent posteriorly; base concave, transverse, or with one or more impressions above; second segment generally the longest, very often medially longitudinally carinate; third segment often transversely incrassate in middle, with anteapical row of foveae present as a rule, exceptionally absent or obliterated; apical margin with or without teeth.

<==Chrysis Linn. 1767 [incl. Pyria Lepel. & Serv. 1825] B03
    |--*C. cyanea B03
    |--C. abuensis Nurse 1902 B03
    |--C. affinis Lucas 1849 E12
    |--C. agilis B85
    |--C. amoenula (Mocsáry 1899) [=Pentachrysis amoenula] B03
    |--C. angustata (Mocsáry 1892) [=Tetrachrysis angustata] B03
    |--C. annulata du Buyss. 1887 (see below for synonymy) B03
    |--C. apiata du Buyss. 1900 [incl. C. lucinda Nurse 1903] B03
    |--C. arrestans Nurse 1903 B03
    |--C. ausae Bohart 1985 B85
    |--C. australis Bohart 1985 B85
    |--C. autocrata Nurse 1903 B03
    |--C. bahadur Nurse 1903 B03
    |--C. barbara Lucas 1849 E12
    |--C. bayadera du Buysson 1896 B03
    |--C. bengalensis (Mocsáry 1889) [=Pentachrysis bengalensis] B03
    |--C. bhavanae Bingham 1903 B03
    |--C. bipartita B85
    |--C. blanchardi Lucas 1849 E12
    |--C. burmanica Mocsáry 1892 B03
    |--C. cembricola HR11
    |--C. chavanae Nurse 1902 B03
    |--C. cirtana Lucas 1849 E12
    |--C. comottii Grib. 1884 B03
    |--C. conserta du Buyss. 1891 B03
    |--C. cotesi du Buysson 1893 B03
    |--C. crictovallensis B85
    |--C. cupreiventris Bingh. 1898 B03
    |--C. curtisensis Linsenmaier 1982 B85
    |--C. danae Bingham 1903 B03
    |--C. dentifrontis Linsenmaier 1982 B85
    |--C. disparilis Cameron 1897 B03
    |--C. dissimilanda du Buysson 1896 B03
    |--C. dives Lucas 1849 E12
    |--C. durga Bingham 1903 B03
    |--C. elizabethae Bingham 1903 B03
    |--C. feana (Mosc. 1892) [=Hexachrysis feana] B03
    |--C. festina B85
    |--C. fossulata B85
    |--C. fulgida MS01
    |--C. furcifera Bingham 1903 B03
    |--C. furiosa Cameron 1897 B03
    |--C. fuscipennis Brullé 1846 [=Tetrachrysis fuscipennis] B03
    |--C. gracilenta (Mocsáry 1889) [=Chrysis gracilenta] B03
    |--C. greeni Bingham 1903 B03
    |--C. gujaratica Nurse 1903 B03
    |--C. hedychroides Bingham 1903 B03
    |--C. ignifascia Mocsáry 1892 B03
    |--C. ignita BM76 [incl. C. ignita var. longula MS01]
    |--C. imperiosa Smith 1874 [=Pentachrysis imperiosa] B03
    |--C. impostor B85
    |--C. indica (Mocsáry 1889) [=Hexachrysis indica] B03
    |--C. indogotea Duf. & Perr. 1840 [=Tetrachrysis indogotea] B03
    |--C. insignis Lucas 1849 E12
    |--C. interceptor B85
    |--C. intrudens B85
    |--C. ionophris (Mocsáry 1892) [=Tetrachrysis ionophris] B03
    |--C. jalala Nurse 1902 B03
    |--C. kashmirensis Nurse 1902 B03
    |--C. lanka Bingham 1903 B03
    |--C. leachi BM76
    |--C. libita du Buysson 1896 B03
    |--C. lincea B85
    |--C. lusca Fabr. 1804 [=Pentachrysis lusca; incl. C. lusca var. concinna] B03
    |--C. mendicalis Cameron 1897 B03
    |--C. microtrema (n. d.) B85
    |--C. nila Bingham 1903 B03
    |--C. norsemanae Bohart 1985 B85
    |--C. notidana Bohart 1985 B85
    |--C. nugatrix Bingham 1903 B03
    |--C. nursei Bingham 1903 B03
    |--C. obliterata (Mocsáry 1889) [=Tetrachrysis obliterata] B03
    |--C. obscura Smith 1861 [=Hexachrysis obscura] B03
    |--C. oculata Fabr. 1775 [=Hexachrysis oculata, Pyria oculata; incl. C. oculata var. sumptuosa] B03
    |--C. oraniensis Le Peletier 1849 E12
    |--C. orientalis (Guér. 1842) [=Pyria orientalis, Hexachrysis orientalis] B03
    |--C. paria Bingham 1903 B03
    |--C. perfecta Cameron 1897 [incl. C. hoggei Nurse 1903] B03
    |--C. perplexa B85
    |--C. perthensis B85
    |--C. principalis Smith 1874 [=Hexachrysis principalis] B03
    |--C. quaerita Nurse 1902 B03
    |--C. rufa [incl. C. neglecta] MS01
    |--C. saginata B85
    |--C. sandaracata Bingham 1903 B03
    |--C. saraksensis Radoszk. 1891 [=C. seraxensis] B03
    |--C. schioedtei Dahlb. 1854 (see below for synonymy) B03
    |--C. scioensis Grib. 1879 [=Trichrysis scioensis] B03
    |--C. shanghaiensis Smith 1874 [incl. Pentachrysis crassiscuta Mocsáry 1889, P. himalayensis Mocsáry 1889] B03
    |--C. simulans B85
    |--C. singalensis (Mocsáry 1889) [=Trichrysis singalensis] B03
    |--C. sollicita B85
    |--C. speculata du Buysson 1896 B03
    |--C. succincta BM76
    |--C. tafnensis Le Peletier 1849 E12
    |--C. tasmaniaca B85
    |--C. thalia Nurse 1903 B03
    |--C. triacantha (Mocsáry 1889) [=Trichrysis triacantha] B03
    |--C. tricolor Lucas 1849 E12
    |--C. unicolor Lucas 1849 E12
    |--C. versicolor Lucas 1849 E12
    |--C. viridula PK17
    |--C. wroughtoni du Buysson 1896 B03
    |--C. xysa Bohart 1985 B85
    |--C. yallingupia B85
    `--C. zylla Bohart 1985 B85

Chrysis annulata du Buyss. 1887 [=Tetrachrysis annulata; incl. C. balucha Nurse 1903, T. fulvicornis Mocs. 1889, C. fulvicornis, C. quettaensis Nurse 1903] B03

Chrysis schioedtei Dahlb. 1854 [=Hexachrysis schioedtei; incl. C. gemmatus Smith 1874, Hexachrysis siva Mocsáry 1889, C. siva] B03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B03] Bingham, C. T. 1903. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera vol. 2. Ants and Cuckoo-Wasps. Taylor and Francis: London.

[B85] Bohart, R. M. 1985. A key to the Australian Chrysis with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae). Insecta Mundi 1 (1): 47–52.

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[HR11] Heraty, J., F. Ronquist, J. M. Carpenter, D. Hawks, S. Schulmeister, A. P. Dowling, D. Murray, J. Munro, W. C. Wheeler, N. Schiff & M. Sharkey. 2011. Evolution of the hymenopteran megaradiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60: 73–88.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.