Plectida

Head of Plectus sp., from Colorado State University.

Belongs within: Nematoda.
Contains: Aphanolaimidae.

The Plectida are a group of terrestrial and aquatic free-living nematodes with cephalic setae, a cylindrical stoma and unispiral amphids.

<==Plectida [Leptolaimina]
    |--Haliplectoidea LB02
    |    |--Haliplectidae LB02
    |    |--Aulolaimidae LB02
    |    `--Manunema Gerlach 1957 L86 [Peresianidae LB02]
    |         `--M. proboscidis L86
    |--Ceramonematoidea LB02
    |    |--Tarvaiidae LB02
    |    |--Tubolaimoididae LB02
    |    `--Ceramonema [Ceramonematidae] LB02
    |         `--C. carinatum L02b
    |--Plectoidea LB02
    |    |  i. s.: Anaplectus FB90
    |    |         Wilsonema FB90
    |    |--Chronogaster FB10 [Chronogasteridae LB02]
    |    |--Metateratocephalidae LB02
    |    `--Plectidae LB02
    |         |--Oligoplectus Taylor 1935 H62
    |         |    `--*O. succini (Duisburg 1862) [=Anguillula succini] H62
    |         |--Vetus Taylor 1935 H62
    |         |    `--*V. duisburgi Taylor 1935 H62
    |         `--Plectus Bastian 1865 H62
    |              |--*P. parientinus Bastian 1865 H62
    |              |--P. antarcticus W02
    |              |--P. aquatilis GD00
    |              |--P. palustris L02a
    |              |--P. rhizophilus BG-M11
    |              `--P. tenuis BG-M11
    `--Leptolaimoidea [Halaphanolaimidae] LB02
         |--Rhadinematidae LB02
         |--Aegialoalaimidae LB02
         |--Diplopeltoididae LB02
         |--Paramicrolaimidae LB02
         |--Ohridiidae LB02
         |--Bastianiidae LB02
         |--Odontolaimidae LB02
         |--Rhabdolaimus FB90 [Rhabdolaimidae LB02]
         |--Aphanolaimidae HZ02
         `--Leptolaimidae HZ02
              |  i. s.: Anomonema Hopper 1963 L86
              |           `--A. haplostoma L86
              |         Setostephanolaimus Tchesunov 1994 HZ02
              |         Antomicron Cobb 1920 HZ02
              |         Leptolaimoides Vitiello 1971 HZ02
              |         Procamacolaimus Gerlach 1954 HZ02
              |         Stephanolaimus Ditlevsen 1919 HZ02
              |--Anguinoides Chitwood 1936 [Camacolaimidae, Camacolaiminae] HZ02
              `--Leptolaiminae HZ02
                   |--Halaphanolaimus Southern 1914 HZ02
                   |    `--H. luridus HZ02
                   `--Leptolaimus de Man 1880 HZ02
                        |--L. (Alveolaimus Alekseev & Rassadnikova 1977) HZ02
                        |--L. (Boveelaimus Alekseev & Rassadnikova 1977) HZ02
                        `--L. (Dermatolaimus Steiner 1916) [incl. Tubulaimus Alekseev & Rassadnikova 1977] HZ02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BG-M11] Borgonie, G., A. García-Moyano, D. Litthauer, W. Bert, A. Bester, E. van Heerden, C. Möller, M. Erasmus & T. C. Onstott. 2011. Nematoda from the terrestrial deep subsurface of South Africa. Nature 474: 79–82.

[FB90] Freckman, D. W., & J. G. Baldwin. 1990. Nematoda. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 155–200. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[GD00] Giribet, G., D. L. Distel, M. Polz, W. Sterrer & W. C. Wheeler. 2000. Triploblastic relationships with emphasis on the acoelomates and the position of Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora, Plathelminthes, and Chaetognatha: a combined approach of 18S rDNA sequences and morphology. Systematic Biology 49: 539–562.

[HZ02] Holovachov, O., A. Zullini, P. A. A. Loof & T. Bongers. 2002. Morphology and systematics of the genus Anonchus Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Leptolaimina) and reappraisal of the family Aphanolaimidae Chitwood, 1936 n. rank. Nematology 4 (6): 725–757.

[H62] Howell, B. F. 1962. Worms. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W144–W177. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[L02a] Lee, D. L. 2002a. Life cycles. In: Lee, D. L. (ed.) The Biology of Nematodes pp. 61–72. Taylor & Francis: Florence (Kentucky).

[L02b] Lee, D. L. 2002b. Cuticle, moulting and exsheathment. In: Lee, D. L. (ed.) The Biology of Nematodes pp. 171–209. Taylor & Francis: Florence (Kentucky).

[LB02] Ley, P. de, & M. Blaxter. 2002. Systematic position and phylogeny. In: Lee, D. L. (ed.) The Biology of Nematodes pp. 1–30. Taylor & Francis: Florence (Kentucky).

[L86] Lorenzen, S. 1986. Nematoda: Interstitial nematodes from marine brackish and hypersaline environments. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 133–142. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[W02] Wharton, D. A. 2002. Nematode survival strategies. In: Lee, D. L. (ed.) The Biology of Nematodes pp. 389–411. Taylor & Francis: Florence (Kentucky).