Aleyrodidae

Citrus blackfly Aleurocanthus woglumi adult and nymphs, from Bayer Pflanzenschutz Archive.

Belongs within: Sternorrhyncha.

The Aleyrodidae, whiteflies, are small plant-sucking bugs with immobile nymphs, some species of which are notorious crop pests.

Characters (from Grimaldi & Engel 2005): Adults usually covered with a mealy, flocculent wax, secreted by pairs of large glands on several abdominal sternites, spread over body using combs of hairs on hind legs. Antennae reduced to six or fewer segments; rostrum with four segments, segment two telescoping into segment one. Wing venation extremely reduced. First instar mobile; subsequent instars sedentary, with atrophied appendages; vasiform orifice present at tip of abdomen for expelling honeydew: anus opening into deep median fold in tergite eight, with lingula flicking away droplets forming therein; quiescent prepupal and pupal instars present prior to adulthood.

<==Aleyrodidae [Aleyrodoidea, Aleyrodomorpha]
    |  i. s.: Dialeurodes S35
    |           |--D. citri S35
    |           `--D. pallidus G01
    |         Trialeurodes vaporariorum S35
    |         Parabemisia myricae MHG04
    |--Heidea cretacica GE05
    |--Bernaea [Bernaeinae] GE05
    |    `--B. neocomica GE05
    `--+--Siphonaleyrodinae S35
       |--Aleurodicinae S35
       |    |--Radialeurodicus Bondar 1923 S35
       |    |--Udamoselis Enderlein 1909 [Udamoselinae] S35
       |    |--Synaleurodicus Solomon 1935 S35
       |    |    `--*S. hakeae Solomon 1935 S35
       |    `--Aleurodicus S35
       |         |--‘Aleyrodes’ albofloccosa (Froggatt 1918) S35
       |         `--A. dispersus ZS10
       `--Aleyrodinae S35
            |--Tetraleurodes stypheliae (Maskell 1896) [=Aleyrodes stypheliae] S35
            |--Zaphanera Corbett 1926 S35
            |--Aleurochiton forbesii S35
            |--Aleyrodes S35
            |    |--A. atriplex (Froggatt 1911) S35
            |    `--A. brassicae I92
            |--Aleurolobus S35
            |    |--A. barodensis MHG04
            |    `--A. niger (Maskell 1896) [=Aleyrodes niger] S35
            |--Bemisia S35
            |    |--B. argentifolii F04
            |    |--B. decipiens (Maskell 1896) [=Aleyrodes decipiens] S35
            |    `--B. tabaci F04
            |--Aleurotrachelus Quaintance & Baker 1914 S35
            |    |--A. croceatus (Maskell 1896) [=Aleyrodes croceatus] S35
            |    |--A. dryandrae Solomon 1935 S35
            |    `--A. limbatus (Maskell 1896) [=Aleyrodes limbatus] S35
            `--Aleurocanthus S35
                 |--A. banksiae (Maskell 1896) [=Aleyrodes banksiae] S35
                 |--A. hirsutus (Maskell 1896) [=Aleyrodes hirsutus] S35
                 |--A. rugosa G01
                 |--A. t-signatus (Maskell 1896) [=Aleyrodes t-signatus] S35
                 `--A. woglumi MHG04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F04] Ferrar, P. 2004. Australian entomology: isolated, or in touch with the rest of the world? Australian Journal of Entomology 43 (3): 329-333.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[G01] Gupta, S. K. 2001. A conspectus of natural enemies of phytophagous mites and mites as potential biocontrol agents of agricultural pests in India. In Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress (R. B. Halliday, D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff, eds) pp. 484-497. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[I92] Imes, R. 1992. The Practical Entomologist. Aurum Press: London.

[MHG04] Maynard, G. V., J. G. Hamilton & J. F. Grimshaw. 2004. Quarantine—phytosanitary, sanitary and incursion management: an Australian entomological perspective. Australian Journal of Entomology 43 (3): 318-328.

[S35] Solomon, M. E. 1935. On a new genus and two new species of Western Australian Aleyrodidae. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 21: 75-91.

[ZS10] Zborowski, P. & R. Storey. 2010. A Field Guide to Insects in Australia. Reed New Holland: Sydney.