Heleomyzidae

Garlic fly Suillia sp., from here.

Belongs within: Schizophora.
Contains: Anthomyzidae.

The Heleomyzidae are a group of flies characterised by strong, convergent postocellar bristles, wing with a subcostal but no humeral break, and a preapical dorsal bristle on each tibia. The circumscription of the group has been disputed; as recognised below, it may be paraphyletic to the family Anthomyzidae (Wiegmann et al. 2011) and some authors have divided it between a number of families. Members of the tribe Rhinotorini have unusually tall heads with an excavated vertex and lacking postocellar bristles, and wings without spaced costal spines (McAlpine & Woodley 2010). The Trixoscelidini have ocellar bristles arising outside the ocellar triangle, alongside or in front of the anterior ocellus.

<==Heleomyzidae [Cnemospathidae, Helomyzidae]
    |--Trixoscelidini [Trixoscelidae, Trixoscelididae] MW10
    |    |--Spilochroa ornata MW10
    |    |--Zagonia flavicornis T87
    |    |--Paratrixoscelis T87
    |    |--Psiloplogia T87
    |    `--Trixoscelis WT11
    |         |--T. frontalis T87
    |         `--T. fumipennis MW10
    `--+--Anthomyzidae WT11
       `--Suillia [Suilliinae, Suilliini] WT11
            |--S. iniens MW10
            |--S. longipennis MW10
            |--S. lurida GP87
            |--S. punctulata MW10
            `--S. variegata WT11

Heleomyzidae incertae sedis:
  Chiropteromyza GE05
  Heleomyzini [Heleomyzinae] MW10
    |--Tephrochlamys rufiventris MW10, GP87
    |--Oecothea [incl. Aecothea, Neoecothea] MW10
    |    `--O. fenestralis CM70 [incl. Aecothea fidelis GP87]
    |--Scoliocentra [incl. Amoebaleria] MW10
    |    `--S. helvola [=Amoebaleria helvola] MW10
    |--Pseudoleria MW10
    |    |--P. pectinata CM70
    |    `--P. placata MW10 [incl. P. crassata GP87]
    `--Heleomyza GP87
         |--H. maculipennis [=Scoliocentra (Leriola) maculipennis; incl. H. difficilis] GP87
         `--H. serrata GP87
  Cinderella [Cinderellini] MW10
    `--C. lampra MW10
  Borboropsis [Borboropsidae] GP87
    `--B. puberula [incl. B. fulviceps] GP87
  Oldenbergiella brumalis GP87
  Lutomyia GP87
    |--L. hemiptera GP87
    `--L. spurca GP87
  Rhinotorini [Rhinotoridae] MW10
    |--Rhinotora MW10
    |--Rhinotoroides M87
    |--Anastomyza M87
    |--Apophoneura M87
    |--Zentula M87
    |--Neorhinotora MW10
    |    |--N. aristalis MW10
    |    `--N. diversa MW10
    `--Cairnsimyia M87
         |--C. aroana O98
         |--C. excavata M87
         `--C. robusta M87
  Paraneossos [Gephyromyzini] MW10
    `--P. arizonicus GP87
  Prosopantrum [Cnemospathidini] MW10
    `--P. flavifrons MW10
  Tapeigaster [Tapeigastrini] CM91
    `--T. annulipes CM91
  Allophylopsini CM91
    |--Diplogeomyza diaphora CM91
    `--Allophylopsis CM70
  Neossos T87
  Anorostoma GP87
    |--A. coloradense GP87
    `--A. currani O98
  Porsenus johnsoni GP87
  Allophyla atricornis [incl. A. laevis] GP87
  Morpholeria tristis GP87
  Schroederella GP87
    |--S. iners GP87
    `--S. luteoala GP87
  Orbellia GP87
  Eccoptomera GP87
  Neoleria GP87
  Spanoparea GP87
  Anypotacta GP87
  Trichochlamys borealis GP87
  Cephodapedon T87
  Chaetohelomyza electrica RJ93
  Electroleria P92
  Protosuillia P92

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CM70] Colless, D. H., & D. K. McAlpine. 1970. Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 656–740. Melbourne University Press.

[CM91] Colless, D. H., & D. K. McAlpine. 1991. Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 717–786. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[GP87] Gill, G. D., & B. V. Peterson. 1987. Heleomyzidae. In: McAlpine, J. F. (ed.) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 2 pp. 973–980. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[M87] McAlpine, J. F. 1987. Rhinotoridae. In: McAlpine, J. F. (ed.) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 2 pp. 989–992. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[MW10] McAlpine, D. K., & N. E. Woodley. 2010. Heleomyzidae (heleomyzid flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 2 pp. 1159–1164. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[O98] Oosterbroek, P. 1998. The Families of Diptera of the Malay Archipelago. Brill: Leiden.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[T87] Teskey, H. J. 1987. Trixoscelididae. In: McAlpine, J. F. (ed.) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 2 pp. 981–984. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[WT11] Wiegmann, B. M., M. D. Trautwein, I. S. Winkler, N. B. Barr, J.-W. Kim, C. Lambkin, M. A. Bertone, B. K. Cassel, K. M. Bayless, A. M. Heimberg, B. M. Wheeler, K. J. Peterson, T. Pape, B. J. Sinclair, J. H. Skevington, V. Blagoderov, J. Caravas, S. N. Kutty, U. Schmidt-Ott, G. E. Kampmeier, F. C. Thompson, D. A. Grimaldi, A. T. Beckenbach, G. W. Courtney, M. Friedrich, R. Meier & D. K. Yeates. 2011. Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (14): 5690–5695.

Last updated: 29 June 2021.

Nerioidea

Latheticomyia tricolor, from Buck & McAlpine (2010).

Belongs within: Schizophora.
Contains: Taeniapterinae.

The Nerioidea are a clade of flies united by features of the genitalia, including production of the end of the female abdomen into a sclerotised oviscape (Buck & McAlpine 2010). Members of the families Micropezidae and Neriidae are long, slender flies with particularly elongate legs, with the antennal arista being apical in the Neriidae but in a more typical dorsal position in the Micropezidae. The Cypselosomatidae and Pseudopomyzidae are more generalised in appearance with two to four pairs of orbital bristles, distinct vibrissae and porrect antennae (McAlpine 1987; Buck & McAlpine 2010). Cypselosomatidae have veins R₄₊₅ and M in the wing apically convergent, divergent postocellar bristles and a bare katepisternum, whereas Pseudopomyzidae have veins R₄₊₅ and M more or less parallel, convergent postocellar bristles and bristles on the katepisternum (McAlpine 1987).

Synapomorphies (from Buck & McAlpine 2010): Epandrium elongated with apical surstyli widely separated from articulation point of hypandrium near epandrial base; phallus borne on elongate cone formed by posterior extension of hypandrial bridge dorsally and elongate, rodlike pregonites; postgonites shifted anteriorly, articulated to phallapodeme basal of phallus; female segment 7 modified as sclerotised oviscape.

<==Nerioidea [Micropezoidea] WT11
    |--Micropezidae [Calobatidae, Trepidariidae] WT11
    |    |  i. s.: Electrobata tertiaria RJ93
    |    |         Anaeropsis guttipennis O98
    |    |         Grammicomyia O98
    |    |         Nestima O98
    |    |         Papeza szentivanyi O98
    |    |--Taeniapterinae M10
    |    |--Micropezinae M10
    |    |    |--Cryogonus M10
    |    |    `--Micropeza M10
    |    |         |--M. corrigiolata M10
    |    |         |--M. cynipsea G20
    |    |         `--M. lineata M10
    |    |--Eurybatinae M10
    |    |    |--Metopochetus tenuipes CM91, CM70
    |    |    |--Badisis ambulans CM91
    |    |    |--Cothornobata CM91
    |    |    |--Crepidochetus CM91
    |    |    `--Notenthes M10
    |    |         |--N. mcalpinei M10
    |    |         `--N. rubella M10
    |    `--Calobatinae [Trepidariinae] S87a
    |         |--Trepidarioides CM70
    |         |--Gongylocephala CM70
    |         |--Calobata S87a
    |         |    |--C. cibaria K01
    |         |    `--C. filiformis [=Oscinis (Calobata) filiformis] G20
    |         |--Cnodacophora S87a
    |         |    |--C. nasoni S87a
    |         |    `--C. sellata WT11
    |         `--Compsobata S87a
    |              |--C. cibaria WT11
    |              |--C. mima S87a
    |              |--C. pallipes S87a
    |              `--C. univitta S87a
    `--+--Cypselosomatidae [Cypselosomatinae] WT11
       |    |--Cypselosoma australis M87
       |    |--Formicosepsis M87
       |    `--Cypselosomatites succini M87
       |--Pseudopomyzidae [Pseudopomyzinae] BM10
       |    |--+--Pseudopomyzella flava BM10
       |    |  `--Eopseudopomyza kuehnei BM10, M87
       |    |--+--Tenuia nigripes BM10, O98
       |    |  `--Latheticomyia BM10
       |    |       |--L. infumata BM10
       |    |       |--L. lineata BM10
       |    |       |--L. longiterebra BM10
       |    |       |--L. rotundicornis BM10
       |    |       `--L. tricolor BM10
       |    `--+--Heloclusia BM10
       |       |--Polypathomyia stackelbergi BM10
       |       `--Pseudopomyza BM10 [incl. Heluscolia CM91, Macalpinella BM10]
       |            |  i. s.: P. aristata BM10
       |            |         P. collessi O98
       |            |--P. (Pseudopomyza) atrimana BM10
       |            `--P. (Rhinopomyzella) BM10, WT11
       |                 |--P. (R.) albimana BM10
       |                 `--P. (R.) nigrimana BM10
       `--Neriidae WT11
            |  i. s.: Telostylinus S87b
            |           |--T. angusticollis CM91
            |           |--T. bivittatus CM70
            |           `--T. lineolatus S87b
            |         Derocephalus angusticollis O98
            |         Protonerius O98
            |         Rhoptrum O98
            |         Gymnonerius fuscus O98
            |         Chaetonerius O98
            |         Paranerius O98
            |--Telostylus O98 [Telostylinae B10]
            `--Neriinae B10
                 |--Antillonerius B10
                 |--Glyphidops (Oncopsia) flavifrons B10
                 |--Eoneria B10
                 |--Loxozus B10
                 |--Longina anguliceps B10
                 |--Eoloxozus B10
                 |--Nerius B10
                 |    |--N. fuscus R13
                 |    `--N. plurivittatus B10
                 |--Cerantichir B10
                 |    |--C. enderleini B10
                 |    `--C. peruana [=Odontoloxozus peruanus] B10
                 `--Odontoloxozus B10
                      |--O. longicornis B10
                      `--O. pachycericola B10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B10] Buck, M. 2010. Neriidae (neriid flies, cactus flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 2 pp. 815–819. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[BM10] Buck, M., & D. K. McAlpine. 2010. Pseudopomyzidae (pseudopomyzid flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 2 pp. 821–825. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[CM70] Colless, D. H., & D. K. McAlpine. 1970. Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 656–740. Melbourne University Press.

[CM91] Colless, D. H., & D. K. McAlpine. 1991. Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 717–786. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[K01] Kertész, K. 1901. Legyek [Dipteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 179–201. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[M10] Marshall, S. A. 2010. Micropezidae (stilt-legged flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 2 pp. 805–813. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[M87] McAlpine, J. F. 1987. Cypselosomatidae. In: McAlpine, J. F. (ed.) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 2 pp. 757–760. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[O98] Oosterbroek, P. 1998. The Families of Diptera of the Malay Archipelago. Brill: Leiden.

[R13] Reuter, O. M. 1913. Lebensgewohnheiten und Instinkte der Insekten bis zum Erwachen der sozialen Instinkte. R. Friedländer & Sohn: Berlin.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[S87a] Steyskal, G. C. 1987a. Micropezidae. In: McAlpine, J. F. (ed.) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 2 pp. 761–767. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[S87b] Steyskal, G. C. 1987b. Neriidae. In: McAlpine, J. F. (ed.) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 2 pp. 769–771. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[WT11] Wiegmann, B. M., M. D. Trautwein, I. S. Winkler, N. B. Barr, J.-W. Kim, C. Lambkin, M. A. Bertone, B. K. Cassel, K. M. Bayless, A. M. Heimberg, B. M. Wheeler, K. J. Peterson, T. Pape, B. J. Sinclair, J. H. Skevington, V. Blagoderov, J. Caravas, S. N. Kutty, U. Schmidt-Ott, G. E. Kampmeier, F. C. Thompson, D. A. Grimaldi, A. T. Beckenbach, G. W. Courtney, M. Friedrich, R. Meier & D. K. Yeates. 2011. Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (14): 5690–5695.

Last updated: 30 June 2021.

Anthracinae

Petrorossia sp., copyright Manuel Lopez.

Belongs within: Bombyliidae.
Contains: Anthracini, Exoprosopini, Villini.

The Anthracinae are a group of bee flies united by the presence in the male genitalia of an epiphallus as a large lobe above the aedeagus (Lambkin et al. 2003).

<==Anthracinae [Exoprosopinae] KME08
    |--Petrorossia [Xeramoebini] LYG03
    `--+--Anthracini LYG03
       `--+--Exoprosopini LYG03
          `--Villini LYG03

Anthracinae incertae sedis:
  Aphoebantus H81 [Aphoebantini LYG03]
    `--A. mus H81
  Prorostomatini LYG03
  Thyridanthrax fenestratoides KME08
  Dicranoclista vandykei H81
  Astrophanes adonis H81
  Paradiplocampta tabeti H81
  Mancia nana H81
  Rhynchanthrax H81
  Oestranthrax farinosus H81
  Diochanthrax morulus H81

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H81] Hall, J. C. 1981. Bombyliidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 589–602. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[KME08] Kits, J. H., S. A. Marshall & N. L. Evenhuis. 2008. The bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) of Ontario, with a key to the species of eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification 6: 1–52.

[LYG03] Lambkin, C. L., D. K. Yeates & D. J. Greathead. 2003. An evolutionary radiation of beeflies in semi-arid Australia: systematics of the Exoprosopini (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Invertebrate Systematics 17: 735–891.

Toxophorinae

Geron, possibly G. calvus, copyright Chris Hartley.

Belongs within: Bombyliidae.

The Toxophorinae are a group of slender bee flies with a more or less humped thorax. In the genus Toxophora, the pronotum is well developed and strongly bristled, and the proboscis is at most as long as the head. Members of the genera Systropus and Geron have a small pronotum, lacking bristles, and an elongate proboscis, longer than the head (Greathead et al. 2009).

<==Toxophorinae [Systropinae] GEEL09
    |--Dolichomyia gracilis H81
    |--Toxophora [Toxophorini] GEEL09
    |    |--T. amphitea KME08
    |    |--T. varipennis GEEL09
    |    `--T. virgata GEEL09
    |--Systropus [Systropodini] GEEL09
    |    |--S. acutus GEEL09
    |    |--S. columbianus GEEL09
    |    |--S. flavoornatus CM91
    |    |--S. macer KME08
    |    `--S. rogersi GEEL09
    `--Geron [Geroninae, Gerontini] GEEL09
         |  i. s.: G. albarius H81
         |         G. holosericeus GEEL09
         |         G. rufipes GEEL09
         |--G. (Geron) KME08
         |    |--G. (G.) prosopidis KME08
         |    `--G. (G.) vitripennis KME08
         `--G. (Empidigeron) calvus KME08

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CM91] Colless, D. H., & D. K. McAlpine. 1991. Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 717–786. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[GEEL09] Greathead, D. J., N. L. Evenhuis & C. J. Einicker Lamas. 2009. Bombyliidae (bee flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 565–576. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[H81] Hall, J. C. 1981. Bombyliidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 589–602. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[KME08] Kits, J. H., S. A. Marshall & N. L. Evenhuis. 2008. The bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) of Ontario, with a key to the species of eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification 6: 1–52.

Last updated: 9 January 2021.

Asiloidea

Window fly Scenopinus fenestralis, copyright Andre Jas.

Belongs within: Orthorrhapha.
Contains: Bombyliidae, Asilidae, Apioceridae, Mydidae, Therevidae.

The Asiloidea are a diverse clade of often relatively large flies, most of which are predatory or parasitic as larvae. Members include the Scenopinidae, window flies: small, usually black flies with a spherical to slightly elongate head and short antennae with a single well-developed flagellomere (Woodley 2009).

Asiloidea [Asilomorpha] BT04
    |  i. s.: Ocoa [Ocoidae] GE05
    |           `--O. chilensis GE05
    |         Proplatypygus rohdendorfi GC99
    |--+--Bombyliidae BT04
    |  `--Mythicomyiidae [Mythicomyiinae] EGEL09
    |       |--Empidideicus humeralis H81
    |       |--Paraconsors EGEL09
    |       |--Psiloderoides EGEL09
    |       |--Mythicomyia rileyi WT11, H81
    |       |--Glabellula [Glabellulinae] EGEL09
    |       |    |--G. australis CM91
    |       |    |--G. brunnifrons GE05
    |       |    `--G. crassicornis H81
    |       `--Pieza EGEL09
    |            |--P. pi EGEL09
    |            |--P. rhea EGEL09
    |            `--P. sinclairi EGEL09
    `--+--Asilidae BT04
       `--+--+--Apioceridae BT04
          |  `--Mydidae BT04
          `--+--+--Evocoa [Evocoidae] WT11
             |  |    `--E. chilensis WT11
             |  `--Apsilocephalidae [Rhagionempididae] WT11
             |       |--Burmapsilocephala cockerelli GE05
             |       `--Apsilocephala longistyla GW09, IL81
             `--+--Therevidae BT04
                `--Scenopinidae [Omphralidae] BT04
                     |  i. s.: Lepidomphrale P55
                     |         Belosta albipilosa K81
                     |         Scenopinula Paramonov 1955 P55
                     |           `--*S. pallidipennis Paramonov 1955 P55
                     |         Riekiella Paramonov 1955 P55
                     |           `--*R. bicornis Paramonov 1955 P55
                     |         Pseudomphrale Kröber 1913 P55
                     |           |--P. waterhousei Paramonov 1955 P55
                     |           `--P. westralica Paramonov 1955 P55
                     |         Alloxytropus W09
                     |--Proratinae [Caenotinae] W09
                     |    |--Caenotoides californica GC99
                     |    |--Jackhallia GC99
                     |    |--Proratites Grimaldi & Cumming 1999 GC99
                     |    |    `--*P. simplex Grimaldi & Cumming 1999 GC99
                     |    |--Prorates W09
                     |    |    |--P. claripennis H81
                     |    |    `--P. frommeri GC99
                     |    `--Caenotus W09
                     |         |--C. hospes GC99
                     |         `--C. inornatus H81
                     `--Scenopininae W09
                          |--Heteromphrale W09
                          |--Irwiniana W09
                          |--Metatrichia W09
                          |    |--M. bulbosa W09
                          |    |--M. papuana O98
                          |    |--M. pria GC99
                          |    `--M. robusta W09
                          |--Brevitrichia W09
                          |    |--B. nayariti W09
                          |    |--B. salvadorensis W09
                          |    |--B. schlingeri W09
                          |    `--B. yucatani W09
                          |--Pseudatrichia Osten-Sacken 1877 W09, P55
                          |    |--P. howdeni W09
                          |    |--P. longiventris W09
                          |    |--P. longurio W09
                          |    |--P. macalpeni W09
                          |    |--P. mariaensis Hardy 1933 P55
                          |    |--P. punctulata W09
                          |    |--P. rufitruncula W09
                          |    `--P. truncata W09
                          `--Scenopinus Latreille 1802 (see below for synonymy) P55
                               |--*S. fenestralis (Linnaeus 1758) P55, L58 (see below for synonymy)
                               |--S. albicinctus MC13
                               |--S. biroi Kertész 1899 [=Omphrale biroi] P55
                               |--S. glabrifrons Meigen 1824 [incl. S. civiculus Hardy 1933] P55
                               |--S. nigra (De Geer 1776) (see below for synonymy) P55
                               |--S. opacus O98
                               |--S. papuana (Kröber 1912) [=Omphrale papuana] P55
                               |--S. pecki W09
                               |--S. perkinsi Hardy 1942 P55
                               |--S. schroederi W09
                               `--S. velutinus W09

Scenopinus Latreille 1802 [incl. Astoma Lioy 1864 nec Oken 1815 nec Gray 1821 (ICBN), Atrichia Schrank 1803, Cana Schellenberg 1803, Hypselura Meigen 1803, Omphrale Meigen 1800] P55

*Scenopinus fenestralis (Linnaeus 1758) P55, L58 [=Musca fenestralis P55, Ochthera (Scenopinus) fenestralis G20, Omphrale fenestralis P55]

Scenopinus nigra (De Geer 1776) [=Hemotelus nigra, S. niger; incl. S. ater Fallen 1817, S. fasciatus Walker 1851, S. nigripes Meigen 1824, S. rugosus Fabr. 1794, S. tarsatus Panzer 1806] P55

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BT04] Bybee, S. M., S. D. Taylor, C. R. Nelson & M. F. Whiting. 2004. A phylogeny of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) at the subfamilial level: molecular evidence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 789–797.

[CM91] Colless, D. H., & D. K. McAlpine. 1991. Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 717–786. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[EGEL09] Evenhuis, N. L., D. J. Greathead & C. J. Einicker Lamas. 2009. Mythicomyiidae (micro bee flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 561–563. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[GW09] Gaimari, S. D., & D. W. Webb. 2009. Therevidae (stiletto flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 633–647. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[GC99] Grimaldi, D., & J. Cumming. 1999. Brachyceran Diptera in Cretaceous ambers and Mesozoic diversification of the Eremoneura. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 239: 1–124.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[H81] Hall, J. C. 1981. Bombyliidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 589–602. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[IL81] Irwin, M. E., & L. Lyneborg. 1981. Therevidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 513–523. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[K81] Kelsey, L. P. 1981. Scenopinidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 525–538. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.

[O98] Oosterbroek, P. 1998. The Families of Diptera of the Malay Archipelago. Brill: Leiden.

[P55] Paramonov, S. J. 1955. A review of Australian Scenopinidae (Diptera). Australian Journal of Zoology 3 (4): 634–653.

[WT11] Wiegmann, B. M., M. D. Trautwein, I. S. Winkler, N. B. Barr, J.-W. Kim, C. Lambkin, M. A. Bertone, B. K. Cassel, K. M. Bayless, A. M. Heimberg, B. M. Wheeler, K. J. Peterson, T. Pape, B. J. Sinclair, J. H. Skevington, V. Blagoderov, J. Caravas, S. N. Kutty, U. Schmidt-Ott, G. E. Kampmeier, F. C. Thompson, D. A. Grimaldi, A. T. Beckenbach, G. W. Courtney, M. Friedrich, R. Meier & D. K. Yeates. 2011. Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (14): 5690–5695.

[W09] Woodley, N. E. 2009. Scenopinidae (window flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 649–652. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

Last updated: 9 January 2021.

Bombyliinae

Heterostylum robustum, copyright iNaturalist.

Belongs within: Bombyliidae.
Contains: Bombylius.

The Bombyliinae are a group of mostly very hairy, broad-bodied bee flies. They may be divided between the Conophorini, with the discal medial cell of the wing broad towards the apex and possessing midtibial spurs, and the Bombyliini, with the discal medial cell broadest near the middle and the midtibial spurs absent (Greathead et al. 2009).

Characters (from Greathead et al. 2009): Antenna often thickened, scape usually shorter than flagellum; pronotum not distinct; body usually broad, usually densely hairy; wings normally broad, usually with well-developed alula and calypter; wing membrane without scales; female with well-developed sand-chamber guarded by dense long hairs; spermatheca with distinct terminal bulb.

<==Bombyliinae GEEL09
    |--Conophorini GEEL09
    |    |--Conophorus fenestratus H81
    |    `--Sparnopolius GEEL09
    |         |--S. confusus GEEL09
    |         `--S. lherminierii H81
    `--Bombyliini GEEL09
         |--Bombylius GEEL09
         |--Neodischistus GEEL09
         |    |--N. collaris GEEL09
         |    `--N. currani GEEL09
         `--Heterostylum GEEL09
              |--H. robustum GEEL09
              `--H. rufum GEEL09

Bombyliinae incertae sedis:
  Anastoechus barbatus KME08
  Aldrichia ehrmanii KME08
  Triploechus novum H81
  Geminaria H81
  Systoechus KME08
    |--S. albidus Loew 1860 R01
    |--S. candidulus KME08
    |--S. mixtus (Wiedem. 1821) [=Bombylius mixtus; incl. B. scuutellaris, B. scutellatus] R01
    |--S. nitidulus K01
    |--S. oreas RD77
    |--S. simplex Loew 1860 R01
    |--S. somali A71
    `--S. vulgaris KME08
  Staurostichus CM91
  Sisyromyia CM91
  Meomyia CM91

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[CM91] Colless, D. H., & D. K. McAlpine. 1991. Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 717–786. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[GEEL09] Greathead, D. J., N. L. Evenhuis & C. J. Einicker Lamas. 2009. Bombyliidae (bee flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 565–576. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[H81] Hall, J. C. 1981. Bombyliidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 589–602. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[K01] Kertész, K. 1901. Legyek [Dipteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 179–201. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[KME08] Kits, J. H., S. A. Marshall & N. L. Evenhuis. 2008. The bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) of Ontario, with a key to the species of eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification 6: 1–52.

[R01] Ricardo, G. 1901. Notes on Diptera from South Africa (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 89–110.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

Last updated: 9 January 2021.

Ecliminae

Thevenetimyia sp., copyright Aaron Schusteff.

Belongs within: Bombyliidae.

The Ecliminae are a group of slender-bodied beeflies with relatively elongate antennae (Greathead et al. 2009).

Characters (from Greathead et al. 2009): Antenna elongate, rodlike, scape as long as or longer than flagellum; pronotum distinct; body narrow and elongate with scales and sparse hair only; wings narrow and petiolate, alula and calypter reduced; scales present on wing membrane; female with sand-chamber small, guarded only by row of stiff hairs on free margin of tergum 8; spermatheca without distinct terminal bulb.

<==Ecliminae KME08
    |--Lepidophora KME08
    |    |--L. appendiculata BM76
    |    |--L. lepidocera KME08
    |    |--L. lutea KME08
    |    `--L. trypoxylona GEEL09
    `--Thevenetimyia KME08
         |--T. celer H81
         |--T. fascipennis GEEL09
         |--T. funesta KME08
         |--T. harrisi KME08
         |--T. quadrata GEEL09
         `--T. (Arthroneura) tridentata H81

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[GEEL09] Greathead, D. J., N. L. Evenhuis & C. J. Einicker Lamas. 2009. Bombyliidae (bee flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 565–576. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[H81] Hall, J. C. 1981. Bombyliidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 589–602. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[KME08] Kits, J. H., S. A. Marshall & N. L. Evenhuis. 2008. The bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) of Ontario, with a key to the species of eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification 6: 1–52.