Belongs within: Eumalacostraca.
Contains: Bathynella, Hexabathynella, Iberobathynella.
The Syncarida are a group of malacostracan crustaceans found primarily in fresh water that lack a carapace. Living examples are divided between the Anaspidacea, in which the first thoracic segment is fused to the head and a tail fan is present, and the minute Bathynellacea that lack a tail fan.
<==Syncarida S86
| i. s.: Allanaspides S86
|--Palaeocaridacea MD01
| |--Clarkecaris [Clarkecarididae] G88
| | `--C. brazilicus (Clarke 1920) S77
| |--Minicarididae BWW93
| | |--Minicaris brandi Schram 1979 BWW93
| | `--Erythrogaulos carrizoensis Schram 1984 BWW93
| |--Squillitidae BWW93
| | |--Squillites spinosa Scott 1938 BWW93
| | `--Nectotelson krejcii (Fritsch 1875) BWW93
| |--Palaeocaris [Palaeocarididae] G88
| | |--P. canadensis G88
| | |--P. retractata Calman 1932 BWW93
| | |--P. secretanae Schram 1984 BWW93
| | `--P. typus G88
| `--Acanthotelsonidae BWW93
| |--Palaeosyncaris dakotensis Brooks 1962 BWW93
| |--Acanthotelson [incl. Eileticus] WA04
| | |--‘Eileticus’ anthracinus Scudder 1882 WA04
| | `--A. stimpsoni G88
| `--Uronectes BWW93
| |--U. fimbriatus (Jordan 1947) BWW93
| `--U. kinniensis G88
|--Anaspidacea [Anaspidinea] LSE13
| |--Anaspididae BWW93
| | |--Anaspidites antiquus (Chilton 1929) BWW93
| | |--Anaspides Thomson 1894
| | | `--A. tasmaniae (Thomson 1893)
| | `--Koonaspides indistinctus G88
| |--Koonungidae S86
| | |--Koonunga N31
| | `--Micraspides Nicholls 1931 N31
| | `--*M. calmani Nicholls 1931 N31
| |--Psammaspididae S86
| | |--Psammaspides Schminke 1974 S86
| | | `--P. williamsi S86
| | `--Eucrenonaspides Knott & Lake 1980 S86
| | `--E. oinotheke Knott & Lake 1980 S86
| `--Stygocarididae [Stygocaridacea] S86
| |--Oncostygocaris Schminke 1980 S86
| | `--O. patagonica (Noodt 1963) S86
| |--Stygocarella Schminke 1980 S86
| | `--S. pleotelson Schminke 1980 S86
| |--Parastygocaris Noodt 1963 S86
| | |--P. andina Noodt 1963 S86
| | `--P. goerssi Noodt 1963 S86
| `--Stygocaris Noodt 1963 S86
| |--S. giselae Schminke 1980 S86
| |--S. gomezmillasi Noodt 1963 S86
| `--S. townsendi Morimoto 1977 S86
`--Bathynellacea LSE13
|--Bathynellidae S86
| |--Bathynella S86
| |--Sardobathynella Serban 1973 S86
| | `--S. cottarelli Serban 1973 S86
| |--Vandelibathynella Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
| | `--V. vandeli (Delamare Deboutteville & Chappuis 1954) S86
| |--Agnathobathynella Schminke 1980 S86
| | `--A. ecclesi Schminke 1980 S86
| |--Austrobathynella Delamare Deboutteville 1960 S86
| | `--A. patagonica Delamare Deboutteville 1960 S86
| |--Transvaalthynella Serban & Coineau 1975 S86
| | `--T. coineaui Serban & Coineau 1975 S86
| |--Transkeithynella Serban & Coineau 1975 S86
| | `--T. paradoxa Serban & Coineau 1975 S86
| |--Parameridiobathynella Serban & Leclerc 1984 S86
| | `--P. gardensis Serban & Leclerc 1984 S86
| |--Pseudobathynella Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
| | |--P. helvetica Serban & Delamare Deboutteville 1974 S86
| | `--P. magniezi Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
| |--Meridiobathynella Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
| | |--M. catalanensis Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
| | `--M. rouchi Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
| |--Vejdovskybathynella Serban & Leclerc 1984 S86
| | |--V. balazuci Serban & Leclerc 1984 S86
| | `--V. espattyensis Serban & Leclerc 1984 S86
| |--Antrobathynella Serban 1966 S86
| | `--A. stammeri (Jakobi 1954) S86
| | |--A. s. stammeri S86
| | `--A. s. ciscaucasia (Birstein & Ljovuschkin 1964) S86
| |--Nannobathynella Noodt 1969 S86
| | |--N. africana Schminke & Wells 1974 S86
| | |--N. eburnea Schminke 1979 S86
| | `--N. marcusi Noodt 1969 S86
| `--Gallobathynella Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
| |--G. boui Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
| |--G. coiffaiti (Delamare Deboutteville 1961) S86
| |--G. delayi Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
| |--G. juberthiae Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
| `--G. tarissei Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
`--Parabathynellidae S86
|--Lamtobathynella pentodonta S86
|--Hexabathynella S86
|--Iberobathynella S86
|--Batubathynella Schminke 1973 S86
| `--B. malaya (Sars 1929) S86
|--Nipponbathynella Schminke 1973 S86
| `--N. miurai (Ueno 1952) S86
|--Ctenophallonella Coineau & Serban 1978 S86
| `--C. mutlumuviensis Coineau & Serban 1978 S86
|--Haplophallonella Serban & Coineau 1975 S86
| `--H. heterodonta Serban & Coineau 1975 S86
|--Heterodontobathynella Schminke 1973 S86
| `--H. ninianae (Green 1964) S86
|--Brasilibathynella Jakobi 1958 S86
| `--B. florianopolis Jakobi 1958 S86
|--Odontobathynella Delamare Deboutteville & Serban 1979 S86
| `--O. amazonica Delamare Deboutteville & Serban 1979 S86
|--Acanthobathynella Coineau 1967 S86
| `--A. knoepffleri Coineau 1967 S86
|--Afrobathynella Schminke 1976 S86
| `--A. trimera Schminke 1976 S86
|--Nunubathynella Schminke 1976 S86
| `--N. dimera Schminke 1976 S86
|--Psalidobathynella Schminke 1979 S86
| `--P. stocki Schminke 1979 S86
|--Nilobathynella Dumont 1984 S86
| `--N. predynastica Dumont 1984 S86
|--Thermobathynella Capart 1951 S86
| |--T. adami Capart 1951 S86
| `--T. amyxi Siewing 1956 S86
|--Habrobathynella Schminke 1973 S86
| |--H. jeanneli (Delamare Deboutteville & Paulian 1954) S86
| `--H. milloti (Delamare Deboutteville & Paulian 1954) S86
|--Chilibathynella Noodt 1963 S86
| |--C. australiensis Schminke 1973 S86
| `--C. clandestina Noodt 1963 S86
|--Noodtibathynella Schminke 1973 S86
| |--N. jumboli (Siewing 1958) S86
| `--N. neotropica (Noodt 1965) S86
|--Parabathynella Chappuis 1926 S86
| |--P. malaya N31
| |--P. motasi Dancau & Serban 1963 S86
| `--P. stygia Chappuis 1926 [incl. P. phreatica Chappuis 1939] S86
|--Parvulobathynella Schminke 1973 S86
| |--P. camposicola (Jakobi 1961) S86
| |--P. riegelorum (Noodt 1965) S86
| `--P. ypacaraiensis (Noodt 1963) S86
|--Leptobathynella Noodt 1965 [Leptobathynellidae] S86
| |--L. camposicola (Jakobi 1961) S86
| `--L. richerti (Noodt 1963) S86
| |--L. r. richerti S86
| `--L. r. brasiliensis Noodt 1972 S86
|--Atopobathynella Schminke 1973 S86
| |--A. chelifera Schminke 1973 S86
| |--A. compagana Schminke 1973 S86
| |--A. hospitalis Schminke 1973 S86
| `--A. valdiviana (Noodt 1965) S86
|--Eobathynella Birstein & Ljovuschkin 1964 S86
| |--E. gracillima (Ueno 1956) S86
| |--E. matuta (Morimoto 1970) S86
| |--E. mesasiatica (Birstein & Ljovuschkin 1964) S86
| |--E. minima Jankowskaja 1972 S86
| `--E. tianshanica (Jankowskaja 1964) S86
|--Notobathynella Schminke 1973 S86
| |--N. chiltoni Schminke 1973 S86
| |--N. hineoneae Schminke 1973 S86
| |--N. longipes Schminke 1978 S86
| |--N. remota Schminke 1973 S86
| `--N. williamsi Schminke 1973 S86
|--Cteniobathynella Schminke 1973 S86
| |--C. bakeri (Green 1964) S86
| |--C. calmani (Por 1968) S86
| |--C. caparti (Fryer 1957) S86
| |--C. essameuri Dumont 1981 S86
| |--C. leleupi (Delamare Deboutteville & Chappuis 1955) S86
| |--C. noodti Schminke 1973 S86
| `--C. teocchii (Coineau & Knoepffler 1971) S86
`--Allobathynella Morimoto & Miura 1957 S86
|--A. carinata (Ueno 1952) S86
|--A. coreana Morimoto 1970 S86
|--A. gigantea (Morimoto 1959) S86
| |--A. g. gigantea S86
| `--A. g. pluto (Morimoto 1963) S86
|--A. japonica Morimoto & Miura 1957 S86
|--A. kuma (Ueno 1956) S86
|--A. mirabilis Ueno 1961 S86
`--A. yaye (Ueno 1956) S86
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[BWW93] Briggs, D. E. G., M. J. Weedon & M. A. Whyte. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea excluding Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 321–342. Chapman & Hall: London.
[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.
[LSE13] Legg, D. A., M. D. Sutton & G. D. Edgecombe. 2013. Arthropod fossil data increase congruence of morphological and molecular phylogenies. Nature Communications 4: 2485.
[MD01] Martin, J. W., & G. E. Davis. 2001. An updated classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Science Series 39: 1–124.
[N31] Nicholls, G. E. 1931. Micraspides calmani, a new syncaridan from the west coast of Tasmania. Linnean Society's Journal—Zoology 37 (254): 473–488.
[S86] Schminke, H. K. 1986. Syncarida. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 389–404. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.
[S77] Schram, F. R. 1977. Paleozoogeography of Late Paleozoic and Triassic Malacostraca. Systematic Zoology 26 (4): 367–379.
[WA04] Wilson, H. M., & L. I. Anderson. 2004. Morphology and taxonomy of Paleozoic millipedes (Diplopoda: Chilognatha: Archipolypoda) from Scotland. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 169–184.
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