Belongs within: Ecdysozoa.
Contains: Nematomorpha, Kinorhyncha, Priapozoa, Dorylaimia, Enoplia, Desmoscolecida, Monhysterida, Chromadorida, Desmodorida, Araeolaimida, Plectida, Secernentea.
The Cycloneuralia are a clade of worm-like animals in which the brain neuropil forms a ring around the anterior part of the intestinal system. Members include the Nematoda, roundworms, a hyperdiverse group of mostly minute species, though some parasitic forms may reach large sizes. Free-living nematodes have a characteristically eel-like mode of swimming, as the body wall contains longitudinal muscles only and movement is by dorsoventral flexure of these muscles against the outer cuticle and internal hydrostatic pressure. The dorsoventral plane of flexure also means that most nematodes are unusual among animals in characteristically lying on one side during movement (Lorenzen 1986). An early influential classification divided the nematodes between the Secernentea, possessing sensory structures called phasmids, and the Adenophorea, lacking such structures. However, the Secernentea represent a nested clade within the 'Adenophorea', which is no longer recognised as a valid taxon. Instead, molecular analyses strongly support three primarily clades within the nematodes, Dorylaimia, Enoplia and Chromadorea, with the Secernentea a subgroup of the last (Ley & Blaxter 2002).
<==Cycloneuralia [Nematoida] B01
|--+--Nematomorpha OH17
| `--+--Kinorhyncha OH17
| `--Priapozoa OH17
`--Nematoda [Adenophorea, Aphasmidia, Ascaridatina, Nemata, Nematelmia, Nematelminthes, Nemates, Nemathelminthes] OH17
| i. s.: Peloderma G01
| Caballeronema pseudoargumentosus Mus02
| Truttaedacnitis sphaerocephala Mus02
| Thynnascaris N02
| |--T. aduncum [=Contracaecum aduncum] N02
| `--T. habena [=Contracaecum habena] C02a
| Hysterothylacium K-M02
| |--H. aduncum K-M02
| `--H. pelagicum C02b
| Contracaecum osculatum Mun02
| Spinitectus cristatus K-M02
| Benthimermithidae [Benthimermithida] LB02
| Rhaptothyreidae [Rhaptothyreida] LB02
| Mazamastrongylus odocoilei LB02
| Placentonema gigantissimum Gubanov 1951 L86
| Histiocephalus bucorvi Gi02
| Tanqua tiara Gi02
| Cylicodontostomum purvisi Gi02
| Agriostomum Gi02
| Allodapa suctoria Gi02
| Stegophorus Gi02
| Striatofilaria Gi02
| Setaria digitata B02
| Cyathospirura seurati Gi02
| Ternidens deminutus Gi02
| Streptopharagus pigmentatus Gi02
| Gyalocephalus capitatus Gi02
| Bunostomum Railliet 1902 C92
| `--B. trigonocephalum MM02
| Hexametra Gi02
| Hyostrongylus rubidus Gi02
| Parostertagia heterospiculum Gi02
| Ashworthius pattoni Gi02
| Hoplodontophorus flagellum Gi02
| Paracooperia Gi02
| Rhabditolaimus L02a
| Ollulanus tricuspis L02a
| Probstmayria vivipara MM02
| Mesodiplogaster L02a
| |--M. biformis Ge02
| `--M. lheritieri L02a
| Labronema vulvapapillatum L02a
| Metadasynemoides cristatus L02b
| Acanthonchus duplicatus L02b
| Laxus oneistus L02b
| Prooncholaimus L02b
| Chromadorina L02c
| |--C. bioculata L02b
| `--C. viridis L02c
| Oswaldocruzia leidyi L02b
| Paracanthonchus caecus L02b, MV04
| Halichoanolaimus sonorus L02b
| Aporcellaimellus L02b
| Tachygonetria MM02
| |--T. robusta MM02
| `--T. stylosa MM02
| Brumptaemilius MM02
| Oxyspirura mansoni MM02
| Muellerius capillaris MM02
| Discolaimus MM02
| Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus MM02
| Folyella dolichoptera L02c
| Mansonella Ge02
| |--M. ozzardi A71
| `--M. perstans Ge02
| Pseudorhabdolaimus Soos 1937 E86
| `--P. limnophilus Soos 1937 E86
| Zeldia punctata GR98
| Aduncospiculum halicti GR98
| Austronema Cobb 1914 BR05
| Longistrongylus curvispiculum KC07
| Spiroptera brevisubulata P89
| Controtylenchus brevicomi A-B91
| Stomachus marinus R59
| Ackertia marmotae Webster 1967 MW69
| Acarincola hirsutus Warren 1941 S69
| Nemavermes mackeei Schram 1973 G88
| Cyathostomum Molin 1861 [incl. Trichonema Cobbold 1874 non Ker Gawl. 1802 (ICBN)] C-SCL16
| Dorylaimopsis rabalaisi WXH10
| Vasostoma longispicula WXH10
| Stenolaimus lepturus PP64
| Scorpiophagus Størmer 1963 W93
| |--S. baculiformis Størmer 1963 W93
| `--S. latus Størmer 1963 W93
| Pulmostrongylus GC72
| |--P. fengi Hsü 1935 GC72
| `--P. herpestis (Khera 1956) GC72
| Arthrocephalus herpestis Khera 1956 GC72
| Diserratosomus mungoosii Mirza 1938 GC72
|--Enoplea [Penetrantia] LB02
| |--Dorylaimia LB02
| `--Enoplia LB02
`--Chromadorea [Chromadoria, Torquentia] LB02
| i. s.: Desmoscolecida LB02
|--Monhysterida LB02
`--+--Chromadorida LB02
`--+--Desmodorida LB02
`--+--Araeolaimida LB02
`--+--Plectida LB02
`--Secernentea LB02
*Type species of generic name indicated
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