Belongs within: Brachypylina.
Contains: Nippobodidae, Dampfiella, Beckiella, Odontocepheus (Odontocepheus), Diplobodes, Yoshiobodes, Gibbicepheus (Gibbicepheus), Carabodinae, Fissicepheus (Fissicepheus), Pseudotocepheus (Pseudotocepheus), Plenotocepheus, Otocepheinae, Dolicheremaeus.
The Carabodoidea are a primarily tropical group of oribatid mites, many of which spend as least part of their life as burrowers in decaying wood. Members of this group include the Carabodidae, characterised by more or less parallel lamellae on the prodorsum (Balogh & Balogh 1992). Though diverse in adult biology, all species are probably endophagous as nymphs. Adults of many species are arboreal, feeding on fungi and lichens (Norton & Behan-Pelletier 2009). In a number of genera the notogaster bears longitudinal rows of large tubercles, such as in Gibbicepheus or Diplobodes. The genera Spathulocepheus and Trichocarabodes are distinctive in the high number of setae on their genital plates: eight pairs in Trichocarabodes, ten in Spathulocepheus. Other genera have at most seven pairs of genital setae (Balogh & Balogh 1992).
Members of the family Dampfiellidae have the tibiae and tarsi fused and moving as a single segment. The Otocepheidae are characterised by well-developed pedotecta (outgrowths of the body wall underlying the base of the legs). Members of this family are particularly common in damp habitats such as moist litter (Norton & Behan-Pelletier 2009). The family is sometimes divided between two families, Otocepheidae and Tetracondylidae, on the basis of the development of the pedotecta. In Otocepheidae sensu stricto, pedotecta 2+3 are particularly large, so that they are axe-shaped in ventral view or tailfin-shpaed in dorsal view. In 'Tetracondylidae', the pedotecta are distinct but not so extremely developed (Balogh & Balogh 1992).
Carabodoidea [Otocepheoidea] S04
| i. s.: Nippobodidae S04
| Tokunocepheus Aoki 1966 [Tokunocepheidae] S04
| `--*T. mizusawai Aoki 1966 S04
| Carabocepheus Berlese 1910 [Carabocepheidae] S04
| `--*C. lounsburyi (Berlese 1910) [=Carabodes (*Carabocepheus) lounsburyi] S04
| |--C. l. lounsburyi S04
| `--C. l. latior Balogh & Mahunka 1966 S04
|--Dampfiellidae S04
| |--Dampfiella S04
| `--Beckiella PL17
`--+--Carabodidae SK10
| | i. s.: Apotomocepheus Aoki 1965 S04
| | `--*A. gressitti Aoki 1965 S04
| | Meriocepheus Aoki 1973 S04
| | `--*M. peregrinus Aoki 1973 S04
| | Sagittabodes Balogh & Balogh 1992 S04
| | `--*S. sagitta (Balogh & Mahunka 1966) [=Machadocepheus sagitta] S04
| | Tansocepheus Mahunka 1983 S04
| | `--*T. serratus Mahunka 1983 S04
| | Tectocarabodes Mahunka 1988 S04
| | `--*T. monstruosus Mahunka 1988 S04
| | Tuberocepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1969 S04
| | `--*T. longus (Balogh 1964) [=Machadocepheus longus] S04
| | Singabodes Mahunka 1998 S04
| | `--*S. rarus Mahunka 1998 S04
| | Archegocepheus Aoki 1965 S04
| | |--*A. imadatei Aoki 1965 S04
| | `--A. macrofoliatus Wen 1997 S04
| | Bathocepheus Aoki 1978 [incl. Philippobodes Balogh & Balogh 1992] S04
| | |--*B. concavus Aoki 1978 S04
| | `--B. manguiati (Corpuz-Raros 1979) S04 (see below for synonymy)
| | Cavernocarabodes Mahunka 1974 S04
| | |--*C. perreti Mahunka 1974 S04
| | `--C. trigonosternum (Pérez-Íñigo 1976) [=Carabodes trigonosternum] S04
| | Spathulocepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1969 S04
| | |--*S. amazonicus Balogh & Mahunka 1969 S04
| | `--S. plumiger Balogh & Mahunka 1977 S04
| | Malgasodes Mahunka 2000 S04
| | |--*M. curvisetus Mahunka 2000 S04
| | `--M. hungarorum Mahunka 2000 S04
| | Gymnobodes Balogh 1965 S04
| | |--*G. fraterculus (Balogh 1963) [=Carabodes fraterculus] S04
| | |--G. semengok Mahunka 1996 S04
| | `--G. subnudus (Balogh 1963) [=Carabodes subnudus] S04
| | Pseudocarabodes Mahunka 1991 [incl. Bakobodes Mahunka 1996, Yemenobodes Mahunka 2000] S04
| | |--*P. xenus Mahunka 1991 S04
| | |--P. improvisus (Mahunka 2000) [=Yemenobodes improvisus] S04
| | `--P. orangutan (Mahunka 1996) [=Bakobodes orangutan] S04
| | Trichocarabodes Balogh 1961 [incl. Ceylobodes Balogh & Balogh 1992] S04
| | |--*T. celisi (Balogh 1958) [=Carabodes celisi] S04
| | |--T. capillatus Balogh 1970 S04 [=*Ceylobodes capillatus BB92]
| | |--T. costulatus Mahunka 1984 S04
| | `--T. hettigei Balogh 1970 S04
| | Hardybodes Balogh 1970 [incl. Carabodella Mahunka 1986] S04
| | |--*H. mirabilis Balogh 1970 S04
| | |--H. calcaratus (Mahunka 1986) S04 [=*Carabodella calcarata BB92]
| | |--H. flabellatus Mahunka 1995 S04
| | `--H. penicillatus Mahunka 1995 S04
| | Cubabodes Balogh & Mahunka 1974 S04
| | |--*C. hexagonalis Balogh & Mahunka 1974 S04
| | |--C. confertus Balogh & Mahunka 1980 S04
| | |--C. radiatus Balogh & Mahunka 1974 S04
| | |--C. spathulatus Balogh & Mahunka 1980 S04
| | `--C. verrucatus Balogh & Mahunka 1980 S04
| | Machadocepheus Balogh 1958 S04
| | |--*M. excavatus Balogh 1958 S04
| | |--M. filiferus Mahunka 1986 S04
| | |--M. pauliani Balogh 1962 S04
| | |--M. phyllophorus Balogh 1970 S04
| | |--M. taprobanicus Balogh 1970 S04
| | `--M. tuberculosus Mahunka 1987 S04
| | Odontocepheus Berlese 1913 S04
| | |--O. (Odontocepheus) S04
| | |--O. (Aokiella Balogh & Mahunka 1967) S04
| | | |--O. (*A.) florens (Balogh & Mahunka 1967) [=*Aokiella florens] S04
| | | `--O. (A.) rotundus (Hammer 1979) [=Aokiella rotunda] S04
| | `--O. (Indotocepheus Mondal & Kundu 1999) S04
| | `--O. (*I.) himalayensis (Mondal & Kundu 1999) [=*Indotocepheus himalayensis] S04
| | Pasocepheus Aoki 1976 S04
| | |--P. (Pasocepheus) [incl. Opisthocepheus Aoki 1976] S04
| | | |--*P. (P.) triarcuatus Aoki 1976 S04
| | | |--P. (P.) bako Mahunka 1996 S04
| | | |--P. (P.) eremaeozetoides Mahunka 1995 S04
| | | `--P. (P.) kirai (Aoki 1976) S04 [=*Opisthocepheus kirai BB92]
| | `--P. (Guineobodes Mahunka 1987) S04
| | `--P. (*G.) papuanus (Balogh 1970) [=Machadocepheus papuanus] S04
| | Congocepheus Balogh 1958 S04
| | |--*C. heterotrichus Balogh 1958 S04
| | |--C. hauseri Mahunka 1989 S04
| | |--C. involutus Mahunka 1997 S04
| | |--C. latilamellatus Mahunka 1984 S04
| | |--C. orientalis Mahunka 1989 S04
| | |--C. ornatus Mahunka 1983 S04
| | |--C. taurus Balogh 1961 S04
| | `--C. velatus Mahunka 1986 S04
| | Diplobodes S04
| | Yoshiobodes S04
| |--Gibbicepheus Aoki 1958 S04 [Gibbicepheinae CH98]
| | |--G. (Gibbicepheus) S04
| | `--G. (Gibbibodes Mahunka 1986) S04
| | `--G. (*G.) similis (Mahunka 1986) [=*Gibbibodes similis] S04
| `--Carabodinae PL17
`--Otocepheidae [Tetracondylidae] S04
| i. s.: Ocellotocepheus Mahunka 1989 S04
| `--*O. tuberculatus Mahunka 1989 S04
| Samarocepheus Corpuz-Raros 1990 S04
| `--*S. cavernicolus Corpuz-Raros 1990 S04
| Cerostocepheus Mahunka 1973 S04
| `--*C. trisetosus (Balogh 1970) [=Eurostocepheus trisetosus] S04
| Ikarotocepheus Mahunka 1988 S04
| `--*I. alatus Mahunka 1988 S04
| Philippotocepheus Balogh & Balogh 1992 S04
| `--*P. siniloanensis (Corpuz-Raros 1979) [=Papuacepheus siniloanensis] S04
| Borneremaeus Mahunka 1991 S04
| `--*B. hauseri Mahunka 1991 S04
| Bulbocepheus Mahunka 1988 S04
| `--*B. hauseorum Mahunka 1988 S04
| Fernandocepheus Mahunka 1982 S04
| `--*F. franzi Mahunka 1982 S04
| Flagellocepheus Balogh 1984 S04
| `--*F. sagittatus Balogh 1984 S04
| Hydroecocepheus Corpuz-Raros 1979 S04
| `--*H. romeoi Corpuz-Raros 1979 C-R79
| Lophotocepheus Balogh & Balogh 1983 S04
| `--*L. simplex Balogh & Balogh 1983 S04
| Neotrichocepheus Hammer 1973 S04
| `--*N. tongaensis (Hammer 1973) [=Dolicheremaeus (*Neotrichocepheus) tongaensis] S04
| Paradolicheremaeus Tseng 1982 S04
| `--*P. tabulatus Tseng 1982 S04
| Seboetocepheus Mahunka 1985 S04
| `--*S. coronatus Mahunka 1985 S04
| Trichocondyla Balogh & Balogh 1986 S04
| `--*T. multisetosa Balogh & Balogh 1986 S04
| Papuacepheus Balogh 1968 S04
| |--*P. geminatus (Balogh 1968) [=Megalotocepheus (*Papuacepheus) geminatus] S04
| `--P. vagorum Corpuz-Raros 1991 S04
| Trichocepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1966 S04
| |--*T. lamellatus Balogh & Mahunka 1966 S04
| `--T. auriculus Grobler 1995 S04
| Wallworkodes Balogh & Balogh 2002 S04
| |--*W. carinatus (Wallwork 1977) [=Carabodes carinatus] S04
| `--W. hyalinus (Wallwork 1977) [=Carabodes hyalinus] S04
| Kalayaan Corpuz-Raros 1998 S04
| |--*K. bonifacioi Corpuz-Raros 1998 S04
| |--K. centenarius Corpuz-Raros 1998 S04
| `--K. rizali Corpuz-Raros 1998 S04
| Rimandocepheus Corpuz-Raros 1998 S04
| |--*R. leoi Corpuz-Raros 1998 S04
| |--R. brevisetosus Corpuz-Raros 1998 S04
| `--R. longisetosus Corpuz-Raros 1998 S04
| Afrotocepheus Mahunka 1985 S04
| |--*A. (Afrotocepheus) sinarmatus Mahunka 1985 S04
| `--A. (Didierotocepheus Mahunka 1994) S04
| `--A. (*D.) berndi (Mahunka 1994) [=*Didierotocepheus berndi] S04
| Trichotocepheus Aoki 1965 S04
| |--*T. erabuensis Aoki 1965 S04
| | |--T. e. erabuensis S04
| | `--T. e. modestus Aoki 1973 S04
| `--T. amamiensis Aoki 1965 S04
| Fissicepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1967 S04
| |--F. (Fissicepheus) S04
| `--F. (Psammocepheus Aoki 1970) S04
| |--F. (*P.) amabilis Aoki 1970 S04
| `--F. (P.) haradai Choi 1986 S04
| Longocepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1966 S04
| |--*L. australis Balogh & Mahunka 1966 S04
| |--L. globosus Grobler 1995 S04
| |--L. longus (Balogh 1961) [=Pseudotocepheus longus] S04
| `--L. youngai (Mahunka 1984) [=Nesotocepheus youngai] S04
| Spinotocepheus Hammer 1981 S04
| |--*S. javensis Hammer 1981 S04
| |--S. foveolatus Hammer 1981 S04
| |--S. nigromaculatus Hammer 1981 S04
| `--S. tjibodensis Hammer 1981 S04
| Cavernocepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1969 S04
| |--*C. monstruosus Balogh & Mahunka 1969 S04
| |--C. acutus Balogh & Palacios-Vargas 1997 S04
| |--C. furcatus Balogh & Palacios-Vargas 1997 S04
| |--C. fusifer Balogh & Palacios-Vargas 1997 S04
| |--C. monticola Balogh 1989 S04
| |--C. obliquus Balogh 2002 S04
| `--C. undulatus Balogh 2002 S04
| Papillocepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1966 [incl. Clavazetes Hammer 1966] S04
| |--*P. heterotrichus Balogh & Mahunka 1966 S04
| |--P. areolatus Mahunka 1987 S04
| |--P. decoratus Mahunka 1994 S04
| |--P. decorus (Hammer 1966) S04 [=*Clavazetes decorus BB92]
| |--P. deficiens Balogh & Balogh 1983 S04
| |--P. neotropicus (Balogh 1988) [=Clavazetes neotropicus] S04
| |--P. reductus Mahunka 1994 S04
| `--P. tuberculatus (Mahunka 1978) [=Clavazetes tuberculatus] S04
| Pseudotocepheus Balogh 1961 S04
| |--P. (Pseudotocepheus) S04
| `--P. (Constrictocepheus Grobler 1998) S04
| |--P. (*C.) geminatus Balogh & Mahunka 1969 S04
| |--P. (C.) coarctatus Balogh 1985 S04
| |--P. (C.) curtiseta Hammer 1966 S04
| |--P. (C.) gobletus Chakrabarti & Mondal 1978 S04
| |--P. (C.) monteithi Balogh & Balogh 1983 S04
| |--P. (C.) orientalis Mondal & Kundu 1983 S04
| |--P. (C.) punctatus Hammer 1966 S04
| `--P. (C.) tenuiseta Hammer 1966 S04
| Plenotocepheus PL17
|--Otocepheinae C-R79
`--Tetracondylinae C-R79
|--Dolicheremaeus NB-P09
`--Leptotocepheus Balogh 1961 C-R79, S04
|--*L. trimucronatus Balogh 1961 S04
|--L. flagellifer Mahunka 1988 S04
|--L. macromucronatus Mahunka 1988 S04
`--L. orientalis Mahunka 1988 S04
Bathocepheus manguiati (Corpuz-Raros 1979) S04 [=Machadocepheus manguiati S04, *Philippobodes manguiati BB92]
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[BB92] Balogh, J., & P. Balogh. 1992. The Oribatid Mites Genera of the World vol. 1. Hungarian Natural History Museum: Budapest.
[CH98] Colloff, M. J., & R. B. Halliday. 1998. Oribatid Mites: A catalogue of Australian genera and species. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.
[C-R79] Corpuz-Raros, L. A. 1979. Philippine Oribatei (Acarina). I. Preliminary list of species and descriptions of forty new species. Philippine Agriculturist 62 (1): 1–82.
[NB-P09] Norton, R. A., & V. M. Behan-Pelletier. 2009. Suborder Oribatida. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3rd ed. pp. 430–564. Texas Tech University Press.
[PL17] Pachl, P., A. C. Lindl, A. Krause, S. Scheu, I. Schaefer & M. Maraun. 2017. The tropics as an ancient cradle of oribatid mite diversity. Acarologia 57 (2): 309–322.
[SK10] Schäffer, S., S. Koblmüller, T. Pfingstl, C. Sturmbauer & G. Krisper. 2010. Ancestral state reconstruction reveals multiple independent evolution of diagnostic morphological characters in the "Higher Oribatida" (Acari), conflicting with current classification. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 246.
[S04] Subías, L. S. 2004. Listado sistemático, sinonímico y biogeográfico de los ácaros oribátidos (Acariformes, Oribatida) del mundo (1758–2002). Graellsia 60 (número extraordinario): 3–305.
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