Bacillus

Gram-stained culture of Bacillus subtilis, copyright Y tambe.

Belongs within: Bacilli.

Bacillus is a diverse genus of rod-shaped, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria that produce dormant endospores when exposed to unfavorable conditions.

<==Bacillus
    |--+--B. pumilus VK03
    |  `--B. subtilis VK03 [incl. B. subtilis var. niger CV66]
    `--+--B. firmus VK03
       |--B. lentus VK03
       |--+--B. benzoevorans VK03
       |  `--+--B. circulans VK03
       |     `--B. nealsonii Venkateswaran, Kempf et al. 2003 VK03
       |--+--B. megaterium VK03
       |  `--+--B. flexus VK03
       |     `--B. simplex VK03
       `--+--+--‘B. macroides’ VK03
          |  `--B. psychrosaccharolyticus VK03
          `--+--B. niacini VK03
             `--+--B. fumarioli VK03
                `--‘B. pseudomegaterium’ VK03

Bacillus incertae sedis:
  B. aeolius Gugliandolo, Maugeri et al. 2003^VP IJSEM03
  B. alcalophilus PHK96
  B. amyloliquefaciens PHK96
  B. anthracis KE03
  B. azotofixans E92
  B. brevis CM92
  ‘B. caldolyticus’ DC03
  B. caldotenax C-S02
  B. cereus VK03
  B. coagulans PHK96
  B. fastidiosus PHK96
  B. haloalkaliphilus MO03
  B. halodenitrificans SJ04
  B. halodurans Z03
  B. infernus KGP02
  B. larvae White 1906 BB37
  B. laterosporus Z92
  B. licheniformis VK03
  B. methanolicus DC03
  B. mycoides VK03
  B. nitritollens Z92
  B. pantothenticus Z92
  B. pasteurii PHK96
  B. pluton White 1906 BB37
  B. popilliae PHK96
  B. psychrophilus PHK96
  B. pulvefaciens Z92
  B. pycnoticus AS92
  B. schlegelii AS92
  B. selenitireducens Switzer Blum et al. 2001 JC08
  B. sphaericus VK03
  B. stearothermophilus MN03
  B. subterraneus Kanso, Greene & Patel 2002 KGP02
  B. thermantarcticus Nicolaus et al. 2002 JC08
  B. thermocatenulatus DC03
  B. thermocloacae DC03
  B. thermoruber DC03
  B. thuringiensis L91
    |--B. t. var. thuringiensis L91
    `--B. t. var. israelensis L91

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AS92] Aragno, M., & H. G. Schlegel. 1992. The mesophilic hydrogen-oxidizing (knallgas) bacteria. In: Balows, A., H. G. Trüper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder & K.-H. Schleifer (eds) The Prokaryotes: A handbook on the biology of bacteria: Ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications 2^nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 344–384. Springer-Verlag: New York.

[BB37] Bishopp, F. C., & C. E. Burnside. 1937. In memorian: Gershom Franklin White. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 39 (7): 184–188.

[C-S02] Cavalier-Smith, T. 2002. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52: 7–76.

[CM92] Coughlan, M. P., & F. Mayer. 1992. The cellulose-decomposing bacteria and their enzyme systems. In: Balows, A., H. G. Trüper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder & K.-H. Schleifer (eds) The Prokaryotes: A handbook on the biology of bacteria: Ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications 2^nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 460–516. Springer-Verlag: New York.

[CV66] Curds, C. R., & J. M. Vandyke. 1966. The feeding habits and growth rates of some freshwater ciliates found in activated-sludge plants. Journal of Applied Ecology 3: 127–137.

[DC03] Duan, Y. P., H. F. Castro, T. E. Hewlett, J. H. White & A. V. Ogram. 2003. Detection and characterization of Pasteuria 16S rRNA gene sequences from nematodes and soils. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 105–112.

[E92] Eady, R. R. 1992. The dinitrogen-fixing bacteria. In: Balows, A., H. G. Trüper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder & K.-H. Schleifer (eds) The Prokaryotes: A handbook on the biology of bacteria: Ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications 2^nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 534–553. Springer-Verlag: New York.

[IJSEM03] IJSEM. 2003. Validation list no. 94. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1701–1702.

[JC08] Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. 2008. Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 1755–1763.

[KGP02] Kanso, S., A. C. Greene & B. K. C. Patel. 2002. Bacillus subterraneus sp. nov., an iron- and manganese-reducing bacterium from a deep subsurface Australian thermal aquifer. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52: 869–874.

[KE03] Kobayashi, K., S. D. Ehrlich, A. Albertini, G. Amati, K. K. Andersen, M. Arnaud, K. Asai, S. Ashikaga, S. Aymerich, P. Bessieres, F. Boland, S. C. Brignell, S. Bron, K. Bunai, J. Chapuis, L. C. Christiansen, A. Danchin, M. Débarbouillé, E. Dervyn, E. Deuerling, K. Devine, S. K. Devine, O. Dreesen, J. Errington, S. Fillinger, S. J. Foster, Y. Fujita, A. Galizzi, R. Gardan, C. Eschevins, T. Fukushima, K. Haga, C. R. Harwood, M. Hecker, D. Hosoya, M. F. Hullo, H. Kakeshita, D. Karamata, Y. Kasahara, F. Kawamura, K. Koga, P. Koski, R. Kuwana, D. Imamura, M. Ishimaru, S. Ishikawa, I. Ishio, D. Le Coq, A. Masson, C. Mauël, R. Meima, R. P. Mellado, A. Moir, S. Moriya, E. Nagakawa, H. Nanamiya, S. Nakai, P. Nygaard, M. Ogura, T. Ohanan, M. O’Reilly, M. O’Rourke, Z. Pragai, H. M. Pooley, G. Rapoport, J. P. Rawlins, L. A. Rivas, C. Rivolta, A. Sadaie, Y. Sadaie, M. Sarvas, T. Sato, H. H. Saxild, E. Scanlan, W. Schumann, J. F. M. L. Seegers, J. Sekiguchi, A. Sekowska, S. J. Séror, M. Simon, P. Stragier, R. Studer, H. Takamatsu, T. Tanaka, M. Takeuchi, H. B. Thomaides, V. Vagner, J. M. van Dijl, K. Watabe, A. Wipat, H. Yamamoto, M. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, K. Yamane, K. Yata, K. Yoshida, H. Yoshikawa, U. Zuber & N. Ogasawara. 2003. Essential Bacillus subtilis genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 100 (8): 4678–4683.

[L91] Liehne, P. F. S. 1991. An Atlas of the Mosquitoes of Western Australia. Health Department of Western Australia.

[MN03] Moffitt, M. C., & B. A. Neilan. 2003. Evolutionary affiliations within the superfamily of ketosynthases reflect complex pathway associations. Journal of Molecular Evolution 56: 446–457.

[MO03] Müller, V., & A. Oren. 2003. Metabolism of chloride in halophilic prokaryotes. Extremophiles 7: 261–266.

[PHK96] Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology 3^rd ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

[SJ04] Spring, S., U. Jäckel, M. Wagner & P. Kämpfer. 2004. Ottowia thiooxydans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel facultatively anaerobic, N2O-producing bacterium isolated from activated sludge, and transfer of Aquaspirillum gracile to Hylemonella gracilis gen. nov., comb. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54: 99–106.

[VK03] Venkateswaran, K., M. Kempf, F. Chen, M. Satomi, W. Nicholson & R. Kern. 2003. Bacillus nealsonii sp. nov., isolsted from a spacecraft-assembly facility, whose spores are γ-radiation resistant. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 165–172.

[Z03] Zeigler, D. R. 2003. Gene sequences useful for predicting relatedness of whole genomes in bacteria. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1893–1900.

[Z92] Zumpft, W. G. 1992. The denitrifying prokaryotes. In: Balows, A., H. G. Trüper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder & K.-H. Schleifer (eds) The Prokaryotes: A handbook on the biology of bacteria: Ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications 2^nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 554–582. Springer-Verlag: New York.