Acanthonotozomatidae

Iphimediella margueritei, photographed by Cedric d'Udekem d'Acoz.

Belongs within: Amphipoda.

The Acanthonotozomatidae are a family of marine amphipods, particularly common in the Antarctic region. Many acanthonotozomatids are relatively large and spinose.

Characters (from Hurley 1954): Integument more or less indurated, processiferous. Head rostrate. Side-plates well developed, 1st-4th usually acuminate. Eyes well developed. Antennae I and II seldom elongate or very different in length, accessory flagellum rudimentary or absent. Mouthparts projecting downward, drawn out as if for piercing rather than biting. Gnathopod I very slender and feeble, simple or chelate; gnathopod II seldom strong. Peraeopods III-V with 2nd joint expanded, usually acute at one or more points on hind margin. Uropod III with rami lanceolate. Telson unarmed, apically emarginate.

<==Acanthonotozomatidae
    |--Parapanoploea Nicholls 1938 N38
    |    `--*P. oxygnathia Nicholls 1938 N38
    |--Pariphimediella N38
    |    |--P. microdentata [=Iphimedia microdentata, Iphimediella microdentata; incl. Iphimediella brevispinosa] N38
    |    |--P. octodentata Nicholls 1938 N38
    |    `--P. serrata N38
    |--Gnathiphimedia N38
    |    |--G. macrops N38
    |    |--G. mandibularis N38
    |    `--G. sexdentata [=Iphimediella sexdentata] N38
    |--Echiniphimedia N38
    |    |--E. echinata [=Iphimedia echinata] N38
    |    |--E. hodgsoni [=Iphimedia hodgsoni] N38
    |    `--E. scotti N38
    |--Panoploea [incl. Iphimediopsis Della Valla 1893] N38
    |    |--P. eblanae [=*Iphimediopsis eblanae] N38
    |    |--P. joubini [incl. P. j. var. bidentata Nicholls 1938] N38
    |    |--P. macrocystidis N38
    |    `--P. multidentata N38
    `--Iphimediella N38
         |--I. bransfieldi N38
         |--I. cyclogena N38
         |--I. intermedia Nicholls 1938 N38
         |--I. margueritei [incl. I. m. var. acuta Nicholls 1938] N38
         |--I. pacifica [=Gnathiphimedia pacifica] N38
         `--I. rigida N38

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Hurley, D. E. 1954. Studies on the New Zealand amphipodan fauna. No. 9. The families Acanthonotozomatidae, Pardaliscidae and Liljeborgiidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 82 (3): 763-802.

[N38] Nicholls, G. E. 1938. Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911-1914. Under the Leadership of Sir Douglas Mawson, O.B.E., B.E., D.Sc., F. R. S. Scientific Reports. Series C – Zoology and Botany vol. II, pt. 4. Amphipoda Gammaridea. David Harold Paisley, Government Printer: Sydney (Australia).

Micruropidae

Odontogammarus calcaratus, photographed by Gauthier Chapelle.

Belongs within: Gammaroidea.

The Micruropidae are a family of amphipods endemic to Lake Baikal in Russia.

<==Characters (from Bousfield 1977): Mostly large-eyed, pelagic, uropod III equally biramous, antennae and peraeopods elongate.

Micruropidae
    |--Heterogammarus Stebbing 1899 [incl. Corophiomorphus Bazikalova 1945, Eurybiogammarus Bazikalova 1945] B77
    |    `--*H. sophianosi (Dyb. 1874) [=Gammarus sophianosi] B77
    |--Fluviogammarus Dovogostaisky 1917 B77
    |    `--*F. brachyurus [=Heterogammarus brachyurus] B77
    |--Odontogammarus Stebbing 1899 B77
    |    `--*O. calcaratus (Dyb. 1874) [=Gammarus calcaratus] B77
    |--Baikalogammarus Stebbing 1899 B77
    |    `--*B. pullus (Dyb. 1874) [=Gammarus pullus] B77
    |--Abyssogammarus Sowinski 1915 B77
    |    `--*A. sarmatus (Dyb. 1874) [=Gammarus sarmatus] B77
    |--Leptostenus Bazikalova 1945 B77
    |    `--*L. leptocerus (Dyb. 1874) [=Gammarus leptocerus] B77
    |--Macropereiopus Sowinski 1915 B77
    |    `--*M. albulus (Dyb. 1874) [=Gammarus albulus] B77
    |--Polyacanthisca Bazikalova 1937 B77
    |    `--*P. calceolata Baz. 1937 B77
    |--Ommatogammarus Stebbing 1899 B77
    |    `-*O. albinus (Dyb. 1874) [=Gammarus albinus] B77
    |--Pseudomicruropus Bazikalova 1962 B77
    |    `--*P. rotundulatus Baz. 1945 B77
    `--Micruropus Stebbing 1899 [incl. Microgammarus] B77
         |  i. s.: M. alaskensis Bousfield & Hubbard 1968 B77
         |--*M. (Micruropus) wahli (Dyb. 1874) [=Gammarus wahli] B77
         |--M. (Gammarisca Baz. 1945) B77
         `--M. (Setogammarus Baz. 1945) B77

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B77] Bousfield, E. L. 1977. A new look at the systematics of gammaroidean amphipods of the world. Crustaceana Suppl. 4: 282-316.

Gammaroidea

Gammaracanthus lacustris, from here.

Belongs within: Senticaudata.
Contains: Gammaridae, Anisogammaridae, Pallaseidae, Pontogammaridae, Acanthogammaridae, Micruropodidae, Typhlogammaridae.

The Gammaroidea are a large group of mostly freshwater (though some are marine) amphipods. The gammaroids as listed below were united by Bousfield (1977); however, his description of the superfamily as 'plesiomorphic' suggests that he regarded this group as potentially paraphyletic with regard to the other 'gammaroid' superfamilies (Melitoidea, Crangonyctoidea and Melphidippoidea), though he did not conduct a formal phylogenetic analysis. Among the Gammaroidea are the extensive radiation(s) of amphipods found in Lake Baikal. These include the planktivorous Macrohectopus branickii, the only exclusively pelagic amphipod.

Characters (from Bousfield 1977): Both antennae (especially peduncle of antenna II) strongly developed, segment 2 of antenna I not elongate, acessory flagellum prominent (rarely absent); head with inferior antennal sinus deeply emarginate; eye well developed, basically reniform; body often carinate and/or processiferous, and/or rostrum moderately to well developed; urosome segments with well developed dorsal groups of spines and setae; sexual dimorphism usually strongly expressed in body size, and in characters of antennae, gnathopods, peraeopods and uropod III, but not in a specialised male instar; calceoli of antenna II cup- or plate-shaped. Mandibular palp strongly 3-segmented, terminal segment strong, usually with D-setae; lower lip with inner lobes lacking or weakly developed; maxilla I with inner plate large, strongly setose, outer plate with 11-9 (rarely fewer) apical spine-teeth; maxilla II with plates strongly setose; maxilliped with large, marginally spinose inner plates, palp strong, dactylate; coxal plates I-IV deep, contiguous (overlapping); coxae V-VII with anterior lobe usually deeper than posterior lobe. Gnathopods I and II strongly subchelate, subequal, II usually larger; peraeopods III larger than IV, may be sexually dimorphic in armature (not form); peraeopods V-VII with basis usually expanded, VII longest; pleopods with well developed rami, subequal; epimeral plates subquadrate or acute behind; peduncle of uropod I with basofacial spine; uropod III with rami usually subequal, spinose and setose (natatory), terminal segment of outer ramus present; telson basically bilobed, spinose and setose marginally and apically, apices rounded. Coxal gill of peraeon VII usually present; accessory (sternal) gills absent; brood lamellae large (or distally expanded), marginally with strong simple setae.

Gammaroidea [Gammaridira] LM13
    |  i. s.: Behningiellidae LM13
    |           |--Behningiella Derzhavin 1948 LM13
    |           |    `--*B. brachypus Derzhavin 1948 B77
    |           |--Cardiophilus Sars 1896 LM13
    |           |    `--*C. baeri Sars 1896 B77
    |           `--Zernovia Derzhavin 1948 LM13
    |                `--*Z. volgensis Derzhavin 1948 B77
    |         Macrohectopus Stebbing 1906 [Macrohectopidae] LM13
    |           `--*M. branickii (Dyb. 1874) [=Gammarus branickii] B77
    |--+--+--Falklandellidae LM13
    |  |  |    |--Osornodella Pérez-Schultheiss 2013 LM13
    |  |  |    |--Praefalklandella Stock & Platvoet 1991 LM13
    |  |  |    `--Falklandella Schellenberg 1931 LM13
    |  |  |         `--*F. obtusa Schellenberg 1931 B77
    |  |  `--Paraleptamphopidae LM13
    |  |       |--Ringanui Fenwick 2006 LM13
    |  |       |--Rudolphia Grosso & Peralta 2009 LM13
    |  |       `--Paraleptamphopus Stebbing 1899 LM13
    |  |            |--*P. subterraneus (Chilton 1882) B83
    |  |            `--P. ceruleus B83
    |  `--+--Sensonator Notenboom 1986 [Sensonatoridae] LM13
    |     `--+--Mesogammaridae LM13
    |        |    |--Paramesogammarus Bousfield 1979 LM13
    |        |    `--Mesogammarus Tzvetkova 1965 LM13
    |        |         `--*M. melitoides Tzvetkova 1965 B77
    |        `--+--+--Gammaridae LM13
    |           |  `--+--Lucioblivio Tomikawa 2007 [Luciobliviidae] LM13
    |           |     `--Anisogammaridae LM13
    |           `--Phreatogammaridae LM13
    |                |--Caledonietta Iannilli & Ruffo 2007 LM13
    |                |--Ruffia Bréhier, Vonk & Jaume 2010 LM13
    |                `--Phreatogammarus Stebbing 1899 LM13
    |                     `--*P. fragilis (Chilton 1882) [=Gammarus fragilis] B77
    `--+--Pallaseidae LM13
       `--+--+--Bathyporeiidae LM13
          |  |    |--Amphiporeia Shoemaker 1929 LM13
          |  |    |    `--*A. lawrenciana Shoemaker 1929 B69
          |  |    `--Bathyporeia Lindstrom 1855 LM13 [incl. Thersites Bate 1857 non Pfeiffer 1855 B69]
          |  |         |--*B. pilosa Lindstrom 1855 B69
          |  |         |--B. gracilis Sars 1891 N00
          |  |         |--B. guilliamsoniana (Bate 1857) BD95 [=Thersites guilliamsonii N00]
          |  |         |--B. megalops Chevreux 1911 BD95
          |  |         |--B. norvegica Sars 1891 N00
          |  |         |--B. pelagica [incl. B. tenuipes Meinert 1877] N00
          |  |         |--B. phaiophthalma Bellan-Santini 1973 BD95
          |  |         |--B. robertsoni N00
          |  |         `--B. sophiae Bellan-Santini & Vader 1988 BD95
          |  `--Gammarellidae LM13
          |       |--Austroregia Barnard 1989 LM13
          |       |--Gondogeneia Barnard 1972 LM13
          |       |--Chosroes Stebbing 1888 LM13
          |       |    |--*C. incisus Stebbing 1888 B69
          |       |    `--C. decoratus Barnard 1932 B69
          |       `--Gammarellus Herbst 1793 LM13 (see below for synonymy)
          |            |--*G. homari (Fabricius 1779) [=Astacus homari] B77
          |            `--G. angulosus CS77
          `--+--+--Pontogammaridae LM13
             |  `--+--Iphigenella Sars 1896 [Iphigenellidae] LM13
             |     |    `--*I. acanthopoda Sars 1896 B77
             |     `--+--Baikalogammarus Stebbing 1899 [Baikalogammaridae] LM13
             |        |    `--*B. pullus (Dyb. 1874) [=Gammarus pullus] B77
             |        `--+--Acanthogammaridae LM13
             |           `--+--Micruropodidae LM13
             |              `--Typhlogammaridae LM13
             `--+--Pachyschesis Bazikalova 1945 [Pachyschesidae] LM13
                |     `--*P. branchialis (Dyb. 1874) [=Gammarus branchialis] B77
                `--Gammaracanthus Bate 1862 LM13 (see below for synonymy)
                     |  i. s.: *G. loricatus (Sabine 1821) [=Gammarus loricatus] B77
                     |           |--G. l. loricatus B50
                     |           `--G. l. baicalensis B50
                     |         G. insularis B50
                     |--G. lacustris Sars 1867 VVP01 (see below for synonymy)
                     `--+--G. aestuariorum Lomakina in Guryanova 1951 [incl. G. loricatus var. ostiorum] VVP01
                        `--G. caspius Sars 1896 VVP01 [=G. loricatus caspica B50]

Gammaracanthus Bate 1862 LM13 [incl. Pseudacanthus VVP01, Relictacanthus Bousfield 1989 VVP01; Gammaracanthidae LM13]

Gammaracanthus lacustris Sars 1867 VVP01 [=G. loricatus lacustris B50, Relictacanthus lacustris VVP01; incl. G. relictus Sars 1895 VVP01]

Gammarellus Herbst 1793 LM13 [incl. Amathia Rathke 1837 non Lamouroux 1812 B69, Amathilla Bate & Westwood 1863 B69, Grayia Bate 1862 B69]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BD95] Bakalem, A., & J.-C. Dauvin. 1995. Inventaire des crustacés amphipodes (Gammaridea, Caprellidea, Hyperiidea) des costes d'Algérie: essai de synthèse. Mésogée 54: 49–62.

[B69] Barnard, J. L. 1969. The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 271: i–vi, 1–535.

[B77] Bousfield, E. L. 1977. A new look at the systematics of gammaroidean amphipods of the world. Crustaceana Suppl. 4: 282–316.

[B83] Bousfield, E. L. 1983. An updated phyletic classification and palaeohistory of the Amphipoda. In: Schram, F. R. (ed.) Crustacean Phylogeny pp. 257–277. A. A. Balkema.

[B50] Brooks, J. L. 1950. Speciation in ancient lakes. Quarterly Review of Biology 25: 30–60.

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[LM13] Lowry, J. K., & A. A. Myers. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610: 1–80.

[N00] Norman, A. M. 1900. British Amphipoda: families Pontoporeidae to Ampeliscidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 326–346.

[VVP01] Väinölä, R., J. K. Vainio & J. U. Palo. 2001. Phylogeography of “glacial relict” Gammaracanthus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from boreal lakes and the Caspian and White Seas. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 58: 2247–2257.

Last updated: 26 December 2021.

Tanaidacea

Generalised representatives of Neotanaidae, from here.

Belongs within: Eumalacostraca.
Contains: Leptocheliidae, Nototanaididae, Anarthrurinae, Pseudotanaididae, Colletteidae.

The Tanaidacea are a group of burrowing aquatic crustaceans with the second thoracopods formed into a pair of large chelae. The cephalothorax is formed from the head and two thoracic segments with the carapace fused dorsally to both those segments (Ax 1999). Most tanaidaceans are less than 5 mm in length, but at least one species reaches close to 8 cm. Members of the Tanaidomorpha live in tubes which they construct by gluing together debris; other tanaidaceans are free-living or burrowing.

<==Tanaidacea [Anisopoda, Chelifera, Tanaidea, Tanaioidea, Tanoidea]
    |--Neotanais [Neotanaidae, Neotanaidomorpha] LW02
    |    |--N. americanus Gardiner 1975 LW02
    |    `--N. serratispinosus LW02
    |--Anthracocaridomorpha [Anthracocaridacea] BWW93
    |    |--Eucryptocaris asherorum Schram 1989 BWW93
    |    `--Anthracocarididae BWW93
    |         |--Anthracocaris Calman 1933 S77
    |         |    `--A. scotica (Peach 1882) BWW93
    |         `--Ophthalmapseudes Glaessner & Malzahn 1962 BWW93, S77
    |              `--O. rhenanus (Malzahn 1957) BWW93
    |--Apseudomorpha [Apseudoidea] B08
    |    |  i. s.: Carpoapseudes prospectnes Larsen 1999 LW02
    |    |         Halmyrapseudes Bãcescu & Gutu 1974 B08
    |    |           `--H. killaiyensis Balasubrahmanyan 1959 B08
    |    |--Anuropodidae MD01
    |    |--Apseudellidae MD01
    |    |--Metapseudidae [Cycloapseudidae] MD01
    |    |--Pagurapseudidae MD01
    |    |--Sphyrapus PG98 [Sphyrapidae MD01]
    |    |    `--S. dispar PG98
    |    |--Tanapseudidae MD01
    |    |--Tanzanapseudidae MD01
    |    |--Whiteleggiidae [Leviapseudidae, Leviapseudinae] MD01
    |    |--Apseudes A99 [Apseudidae MD01]
    |    |    |--A. diversus PG98
    |    |    `--A. spinosa A99
    |    |--Gigantapseudes A99 [Gigantapseudidae MD01]
    |    |    `--G. maximus A99
    |    |--Kalliapseudes MGV06 [Kalliapseudidae MD01]
    |    |    `--K. schubarti MGV06
    |    |--Pseudohalmyrapseudes Larsen & Hansknecht 2004 [Parapseudidae] B08
    |    |    |--*P. aquadulcis Larsen & Hansknecht 2004 B08
    |    |    |--P. linnaei Bamber 2008 B08
    |    |    `--P. mussauensis (Shiino 1965) [=Apseudes mussauensis] B08
    |    `--Jurapseudidae [Jurapseudoidea] BWW93
    |         |--Carlclausus emersoni Schram et al. 1986 BWW93
    |         `--Jurapseudes BWW93
    |              |--J. acutifrostris (Sachariewa-Kowatschewa & Bachmayer 1965) BWW93
    |              `--J. friedericianus (Malzahn 1965) BWW93
    `--Tanaidomorpha [Tanaidae] LW02
         |--Cretitanais [Cretitanaidae, Cretitanaoidea] BWW93
         |    `--C. giganteus (Malzahn 1979) BWW93
         |--Tanaidoidea LW02
         |    |--Sinelobus stanfordi (Richardson 1901) B08
         |    `--Tanais H47
         |         |--T. cavolinii BBB-S95
         |         |--T. loricatus H47
         |         `--T. normani H47
         `--Paratanaidoidea [Akanthophoreinae, Leptognathiinae, Paratanaoidea] LW02
              |  i. s.: Bifida scleractinicola Sieg & Zibrowius 1981 LW02
              |         Chauliopleona Dojiri & Sieg 1997 LW02
              |         Nototanaoides Sieg & Heard 1985 LW02
              |           `--N. trifurcatus Sieg & Heard 1985 LW02
              |         Meromonakantha macrocephala (Hansen 1913) LW02
              |         Andrognathia Sieg 1983 LW02
              |         Leptognathioides polita (Hansen 1913) LW02
              |         Safaritanais Kudinova-Pasternak 1987 LW02
              |           `--S. macrochephala Kudinova-Pasternak 1987 LW02
              |         Armatognathia Kudinova-Pasternak 1987 LW02
              |           `--A. birsteini Kudinova-Pasternak 1987 LW02
              |         Pseudoparatanais Sieg 1973 LW02
              |           `--P. batei (Sars 1882) LW02
              |         Robustognathia Kudinova-Pasternak 1989 LW02
              |         Tanaopsis Sars 1896 LW02
              |           `--T. graciloides (Liljeborg 1864) LW02
              |         Pseudomacrinella Kudinova-Pasternak 1990 LW02
              |           `--P. macrocephala Kudinova-Pasternal 1990 LW02
              |         Parafilitanais Kudinova-Pasternak 1989 LW02
              |           `--P. mexicana Larsen 2002 LW02
              |         Akanthophoreus Sieg 1986 LW02
              |           `--A. gracilis (Kroyer 1842) LW02
              |         Scoloura Sieg & Dojiri 1991 LW02
              |           `--S. phillipsi Sieg & Dojiri 1991 LW02
              |         Monstrotanais Kudinova-Pasternak 1981 LW02
              |           `--M. mirabilicheles Kudinova-Pasternak 1981 LW02
              |         Mimicarhaphura Sieg 1986 LW02
              |           `--M. immanis Sieg 1986 LW02
              |         Paraleptognathia Sieg 1986 LW02
              |           `--P. antactica Sieg 1986 LW02
              |         Tanabnomia Gutu 1986 LW02
              |           `--T. caudata Gutu 1968 LW02
              |         Robustochelia Kudinova-Pasternak 1983 LW02
              |           `--R. longa Kudinova-Pasternak 1983 LW02
              |         Stenotanais Bird & Holdich 1984 LW02
              |           `--S. crassiseta Bird & Holdich 1894 LW02
              |--Leptocheliidae LW02
              |--Pseudozeuxo Sieg 1982 [incl. Charbeitanais Bamber & Bird 1997; Pseudozeuxidae] LW02
              |    `--P. belizensis Sieg 1982 LW02
              |--Paratanaididae LW02
              |    |--Bathytanais Beddard 1886 LW02
              |    |    `--B. juergeni Larsen & Wilson 1998 LW02
              |    |--Pseudobathytanais Kudinova-Pasternak 1991 LW02
              |    |    `--P. shtokmani Kudinova-Pasternak 1990 LW02
              |    `--Paratanais Dana 1852 LW02
              |         |--P. maleficus Larsen 2001 LW02
              |         `--P. nanaimoensis H47
              `--+--Nototanaididae LW02
                 `--+--Anarthrurinae LW02
                    |--Pseudotanaididae LW02
                    |--Colletteidae LW02
                    |--Leptognathia Sars 1882 [Leptognathiidae] LW02
                    |    |--L. breviremis (Liljeborg 1864) LW02
                    |    `--L. longiremis H47
                    `--Tanaellidae LW02
                         |--Araphura Bird & Holdich 1984 LW02
                         |    `--A. brevimanus (Liljeborg 1864) LW02
                         |--Araphuroides Sieg 1986 LW02
                         |    `--A. parabreviremis Sieg 1986 LW02
                         |--Arthrura Kudinova-Pasternak 1966 LW02
                         |    `--A. andriashevi Kudinova-Pasternak 1966 LW02
                         `--Tanaella Norman & Stebbing 1886 LW02
                              `--T. unisetosa Sieg 1986 LW02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A99] Ax, P. 1999. Das System der Metazoa II. Ein Lehrbuch der phylogenetischen Systematik. Gustav Fisher Verlag: Stuttgart (transl. 2000. Multicellular Animals: The phylogenetic system of the Metazoa vol. 2. Springer).

[B08] Bamber, R. N. 2008. A new species of the freshwater tanaidacean genus Pseudohalmyrapseudes (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Parapseudidae) from Sulawesi. Records of the Western Australian Museum 24 (4): 421–428.

[BBB-S95] Boubezari, K., G. Bitar & D. Bellan-Santini. 1995. Structure et organisation de trois moulières (Mytilus galloprovincialis et Perna perna) de la région d'Alger. Mésogée 54: 63–72.

[BWW93] Briggs, D. E. G., M. J. Weedon & M. A. Whyte. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea excluding Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 321–342. Chapman & Hall: London.

[H47] Hatch, M. H. 1947. The Chelifera and Isopoda of Washington and adjacent regions. University of Washington Publications in Biology 10 (5): 155–274.

[LW02] Larsen, K., & G. D. F. Wilson. 2002. Tanaidacean phylogeny, the first step: the superfamily Paratanaidoidea. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 40: 205–222.

[MGV06] Mai, A. C. G., A. M. Garcia & J. P. Vieira. 2006. Ecologia alimentar do barrigudinho Jenynsia multidentata (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces: Cyprinodontiformes) no estuário da Laguna dos Patos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Comunicações do Museo de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Serie Zoologia 19 (1): 3–18.

[MD01] Martin, J. W., & G. E. Davis. 2001. An updated classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Science Series 39: 1–124.

[PG98] Probert, P. K., & S. L. Grove. 1998. Macrobenthic assemblages of the continental shelf and upper slope off the west coast of South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 28: 259–280.

[S77] Schram, F. R. 1977. Paleozoogeography of Late Paleozoic and Triassic Malacostraca. Systematic Zoology 26 (4): 367–379.

Last updated: 10 March 2022.

Cumacea

Specimen of Diastylis rathkei, photographed by Hans Hillewaert.

Belongs within: Eumalacostraca.

The Cumacea are a group of small marine crustaceans, less than 15 mm long. Their body shape is distinctive, with a globular anterior body and elongate pleon. Water is drawn into the gill cavity and passed forward through the pseudorostrum; most cumaceans feed by filtering food particles from the water.

Characters (from Ax 2000): Anterior body egg-shaped, pleon elongate, uropods pistil-like. Carapace extensive, covering several thoracic segments, paired lobes of carapace combining to form anterior pseudorostrum, posterior edge of carapace fused with body wall, with a narrow longitudinal slit ventrally; gill cavity formed by carapace containing two large epipodites from first gilled thoracopod pair. Antenna II without scaphocerite. Thoracopods I-III formed into maxillipeds. Pleopods I-V reduced in female.

<==Cumacea
    |  i. s.: Mezolamprops japonicus GAS03
    |         Campylaspis legendrei M62
    |         Eocuma ferox M62
    |         Cyclaspis thomsoni HS01
    |--Archaeocuma [Archaeocumatidae] MD01
    |--Bodotriidae MD01
    |--Ceratocumatidae MD01
    |--Leuconidae MD01
    |--Nannastacidae MD01
    |--Pseudocumatidae MD01
    |--Gynodiastylis HS01 [Gynodiastylidae MD01]
    |    `--G. milleri HS01
    |--Lamprops GAS03 [Lampropidae MD01]
    |    |--L. affinis GAS03
    |    `--L. multifasciata GAS03
    `--Diastylis D01 [Diastylidae MD01]
         |--D. alaskensis GAS03
         |--D. paralaskensis GAS03
         |--D. polita C02
         `--D. rathkei D01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Ax, P. 2000. Muticellular Animals: the phylogenetic system of the Metazoa vol. 2. Springer.

[C02] Collette, B. B. 2002. Pricklebacks. Family Stichaeidae. In Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine (B. B. Collette & G. Klein-MacPhee, eds) 3^rd ed. pp. 474-481. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[D01] Dohle, W. 2001. Are the insects terrestrial crustaceans? A discussion of some new facts and arguments and the proposal of the proper name ‘Tetraconata’ for the monophyletic unit Crustacea + Hexapoda. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.) 37 (1-2): 85-103.

[GAS03] Gulbin, V. V., I. S. Arzamastsev & V. M. Shulkin. 2003. Ecological monitoring of the water area of Port Vostochnyi (Wrangel Bay) in the Sea of Japan (1995-2002). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29 (5): 284-295.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45-80.

[MD01] Martin, J. W., & G. E. Davis. 2001. An updated classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Science Series 39: 1-124.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231-322.

Crangonyctoidea

Pseudocrangonyx asiaticus, from Holsinger (1986).

Belongs within: Senticaudata.
Contains: Niphargus, Neoniphargidae, Paramelitidae, Crangonyx, Stygobromus, Synurella.

The Crangonyctoidea are a group of freshwater amphipods in which the first urosomite bears a distoventral robust seta (Lowry & Myers 2013). Many families in the group contain species living in hypogean (underground, i.e. caves or groundwater) habitats and some are entirely hypogean. The majority inhabit Gondwanan landmasses with the exception of the Holarctic Crangonyctidae and the Palaearctic Niphargidae and Pseudocrangonyctidae (Lowry & Myers 2013).

Crangonyctoidea [Niphargoidea]
    |--+--+--Sandro Karaman & Barnard 1979 [Sandroidae] LM13
    |  |  |    `--*S. starmuehlneri (Ruffo 1960) B83
    |  |  `--Austroniphargidae LM13
    |  |       |--Libertinia Iannilli, Krapp & Ruffo 2011 LM13
    |  |       |--Davidia Iannilli, Krapp & Ruffo 2011 LM13
    |  |       `--Austroniphargus Monod 1925 LM13
    |  |            |--*A. bryophilus (Monod 1925) B83 [=Niphargopsis bryophilus B77]
    |  |            |--A. petiti W86
    |  |            `--A. starmuehlneri Ruffo 1960 B77
    |  `--Niphargidae LM13
    |       |--Niphargus LM13
    |       |--Foroniphargus Karaman 1985 LM13
    |       |--Niphargopsis Chevreux 1922 LM13
    |       |    `--*N. casparyi (Pratz 1866) [=Niphargus casparyi] B77
    |       |--Microniphargus Schellenberg 1934 LM13
    |       |    `--*M. leruthi Schellenberg 1934 B77
    |       |--Pontoniphargus Dancau 1970 LM13
    |       |    `--*P. racovitzai Dancau 1970 B77
    |       |--Carinurella Sket 1971 LM13
    |       |    `--*C. paradoxa (Sket 1964) [=Niphargus paradoxa] B77
    |       |--Niphargobates Sket 1981 LM13
    |       |    `--N. orophobata Sket 1981 KR86
    |       |--Haploginglymus Mateus & Mateus 1958 LM13
    |       |    |--H. bragai Mateus & Mateus 1958 KR86
    |       |    `--H. lobatus Stock 1980 KR86
    |       `--Niphargellus Schellenberg 1938 LM13
    |            |--*N. arndti (Schellenberg 1933) B77, KR86 [=Niphargus arndti B77]
    |            |--N. glenniei (Spooner 1952) KR86
    |            `--N. nolli Schellenberg 1938 KR86
    `--+--+--+--Uronyctus Stock & Iliffe 1990 [Uronyctidae] LM13
       |  |  `--Giniphargus Williams & Barnard 1988 [Giniphargidae] LM13
       |  |       `--*G. pulchellus (Sayce 1900) B83, W86 [=Niphargus pulchellus W86]
       |  `--+--Kotumsaria Messouli, Holsinger & Reddy 2007 [Kotumsaridae] LM13
       |     `--Paracrangonyx Stebbing 1899 [Paracrangonyctidae] LM13
       |          `--*P. compactus (Chilton 1882) B83 [=Crangonyx compactus B77]
       `--+--Chillagoe Barnard & Williams 1995 [Chillagoeidae] LM13
          `--+--+--Neoniphargidae LM13
             |  `--+--Paramelitidae LM13
             |     `--Perthia Straškraba 1964 [Perthiidae] LM13
             |          |--*P. branchialis (Nicholls 1924) [=Neoniphargus branchialis] B77
             |          `--P. acutitelson TJ06
             `--+--Sternophysinx Holsinger & Straškraba 1973 [Sternophysingidae] LM13
                |    |--*S. robertsi (Methuen 1911) B83, W86 [=Eucrangonyx robertsi B77]
                |    |--S. alca Griffiths 1981 W86
                |    `--S. filaris Holsinger & Straskraba 1973 W86
                `--+--Pseudocrangonyctidae LM13
                   |    |--Procrangonyx Schellenberg 1934 LM13 [=Eocrangonyx Schellenberg 1937 B83]
                   |    |    `--*P. japonicus (Ueno 1930) [=Eucrangonyx japonicus, *Eocrangonyx japonicus] H86
                   |    `--Pseudocrangonyx Akatsuka & Komai 1922 LM13 [incl. Niphargonyx Derzhavin 1927 H86]
                   |         |--*P. yezonis Akatsuko & Komai 1922 B83
                   |         |--P. asiaticus Ueno 1934 H86
                   |         |--P. bohaensis (Derzhavin 1927) [=*Niphargonyx bohaensis] H86
                   |         |--P. camtschaticus Birstein 1955 H86
                   |         |--P. coreanus Ueno 1966 H86
                   |         |--P. kyotonis Akatsuka & Komai 1922 H86
                   |         |--P. levanidovi Birstein 1955 H86
                   |         |--P. manchuricus Oguro 1938 H86
                   |         `--P. shikokunis Akatsuka & Komai 1922 H86
                   `--Crangonyctidae LM13
                        |--Crangonyx LM13
                        |--Stygobromus LM13
                        |--Synurella LM13
                        |--Pachypodacrangonyx Boutin & Coineau 1987 LM13
                        |--Stygonyx Bousfield & Holsinger 1989 LM13
                        |--Lyurella Derzhavin 1939 LM13
                        |    `--*L. hyrcana Derzhavin 1939 B77
                        |--Stygonectes Hay 1902 B77
                        |    `--*S. flagellatus Benedict 1896 B77
                        |--Bactrurus Hay 1902 LM13
                        |    |--*B. mucronatus (Forbes 1876) B77, H86 [=Eucrangonyx mucronatus B77]
                        |    |--B. brachycaudus Hubricht & Mackin 1940 H86
                        |    `--B. hubrichti Shoemaker 1945 H86
                        `--Palaeogammarus Zaddach 1864 H86, B77
                             |--*P. sambiensis Zaddach 1864 B77
                             |--P. balticus Lucks 1928 BWW93
                             |--P. danicus Just 1974 BWW93
                             `--P. sambiensis Zaddach 1864 BWW93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B77] Bousfield, E. L. 1977. A new look at the systematics of gammaroidean amphipods of the world. Crustaceana Suppl. 4: 282–316.

[B83] Bousfield, E. L. 1983. An updated phyletic classification and palaeohistory of the Amphipoda. In: Schram, F. R. (ed.) Crustacean Phylogeny pp. 257–277. A. A. Balkema.

[BWW93] Briggs, D. E. G., M. J. Weedon & M. A. Whyte. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea excluding Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 321–342. Chapman & Hall: London.

[H86] Holsinger, J. R. 1986. Holarctic crangonyctid amphipods. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 535–549. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[KR86] Karaman, G. S., & S. Ruffo. 1986. Amphipoda: Niphargus-group (Niphargidae sensu Bousfield, 1982). In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 514–534. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[LM13] Lowry, J. K., & A. A. Myers. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610: 1–80.

[W86] Williams, W. D. 1986. Amphipoda on land-masses derived from Gondwana. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 553–559. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

Last updated: 7 March 2022.

Melitoidea

Specimen of Eriopisella, from Moorea Biocode (© 2010).

Belongs within: Amphipoda.
Contains: Hadziidae, Melita, Maera.

The Melitoidea are a group of gammaroid amphipods found mostly in marine and brackish water.

Characters (from Bousfield 1977): Body not carinate or rostrate, toothed on abdomen only (rarely on peraeon); urosome dorsal spine groups weak or lacking; sexual dimorphism strongly expressed in body size, gnathopods, antenna II and peraeopods; antennae II lacking calceoli; antennae strongly developed, I usually much longer than II, peduncular segment II elongate; accessory flagellum prominent (occasionally very reduced or lacking); inferior antennal sinus small or sharply incised; eye (when present) small, rounded, occasionally reniform. Mouthparts basic: mandibular palp slender, weakly armed, occasionally absent, segment 3 not greatly shortened; lower lip with inner lobes variously developed, often strong; maxillae with plates often small, setose apically; outer plate of maxilla I with 11-7 apical spine-teeth; maxilliped plates moderately strong, marginally spinose, palp dactylate. Coxal plates I-IV medium deep to shallow, contiguous, weakly setose; coxae V-VII with posterior lobe not deeper than anterior. Gnathopods I and II subchelate, II much the larger and more powerful (especially in male) and of different form (especially in carpus and propodus); peraeopod III larger than IV, not sexually dimorphi; peraeopods V-VII with bases variously expanded, often sublinear, VII usually longest; pleopods usually well developed, peduncles slender; epimeral plates posteriorly acute. Peduncle of uropod I with baso-facial spine strongly developed; uropod III with rami variably developed, spinose, seldom setose; telson variously bilobed, lobes usually divergent, apices acute, spinose in apical notch. Coxal gills simple, often pedunculate, lacking on peraeon VII; sternal gills absent; brood plates linear, often small, margines few- and short-setose.

<==Melitoidea S86
    |  i. s.: Parapherusa Stebbing 1906 K-SV02, B77
    |           `--*P. crassipes (Haswell 1879) [=Harmonia crassipes] B77
    |--Hadziidae MD01
    |--Carangoliopsis Ledoyer 1970 [Carangoliopsidae] B77
    |    `--*C. spinulosa Ledoyer 1970 B77
    |--Metacrangonyx Chevreux 1909 B77, R86 [incl. Afrocrangonyx Karaman 1981 R86; Metacrangonyctidae MD01]
    |    |--M. longicaudus Ruffo 1954 R86
    |    |--M. longipes Chevreux 1909 R86
    |    |--M. panousei Ruffo 1953 R86
    |    |--M. sinaicus Ruffo 1982 R86
    |    `--M. spinicaudatus Karaman & Pesce 1980 R86
    `--Melitidae S86
         |  i. s.: Allomelita pellucida (Sars 1882) S86
         |         Apoweckelia serrata Stock 1985 S86
         |         Pintaweckelia grandis Stock 1985 S86
         |         Radaweckelia brevicauda Stock 1985 S86
         |         Tagua aporema Lowry & Fenwick 1983 S86
         |         Zhadia subantarctica Lowry & Fenwick 1983 S86
         |         Zombiweckelia parvipalpus Stock 1985 S86
         |         Allotexiweckelia Holsinger 1980 S86
         |           `--A. hirsuta Holsinger 1980 S86
         |         Anchialella Barnard 1979 S86
         |           `--A. vulcanella Barnard 1979 S86
         |         Galapsiellus Barnard 1976 S86
         |           `--G. lelouporum (Monod 1970) S86
         |         Holsingerius Barnard & Karaman 1982 S86
         |           `--H. samacos (Holsinger 1980) S86
         |         Indoniphargus Straškraba 1967 S86
         |           `--*I. indicus (Chilton 1923) B77, S86 [=Niphargus indicus B77]
         |         Madapisella Stock 1980 S86
         |           `--M. madagascariensis (Ledoyer 1968) S86
         |         Nippopisella Stock 1980 S86
         |           `--N. nagatai (Gurjanova 1965) S86
         |         Phreatomelita Ruffo 1979 S86
         |           `--P. paceae Ruffo 1979 S86
         |         Protohadzia Zimmerman & Barnard 1977 S86
         |           `--P. schoenerae (Fox 1973) S86
         |         Texiweckelia Holsinger 1980 S86
         |           `--T. texensis (Holsinger 1973) S86
         |         Texiweckeliopsis Barnard & Karaman 1982 S86
         |           `--T. insolita (Holsinger 1980) S86
         |         Tunisopisa Stock 1980 S86
         |           `--T. seurati (Gauthier 1936) S86
         |         Giniphargus Barnard & Karaman 1979 W86
         |           `--G. pulchellus (Sayce 1900) [=Niphargus pulchellus] W86
         |         Saliweckelia Stock 1977 S86
         |           |--S. emarginata Stock 1977 S86
         |           `--S. holsingeri Stock 1977 S86
         |         Crangoweckelia S86
         |           |--C. mixta Stock 1985 S86
         |           `--C. spinicauda Stock 1985 S86
         |         Bahadzia S86
         |           |--B. latipalpus Stock 1985 S86
         |           |--B. stocki Holsinger 1985 S86
         |           `--B. williamsi Holsinger 1985 S86
         |         Victoriopisa Karaman & Barnard 1979 S86
         |           |--V. atlantica Stock & Platvoet 1981 S86
         |           |--V. australiensis (Chilton 1923) S86
         |           |--V. chilkensis (Chilton 1921) S86
         |           `--V. epistomata (Griffiths 1974) S86
         |         Metahadzia Stock 1977 S86
         |           |--M. adriatica Pesce 1979 S86
         |           |--M. helladis Pesce 1980 S86
         |           |--M. minuta (Ruffo 1947) S86
         |           |--M. pachypoda (Ruffo 1982) S86
         |           `--M. tavaresi (Mateus & Mateus 1972) S86
         |         Pseudoniphargus Chevreux 1901 S86
         |           |--*P. africanus (Chevreux 1901) [=Gammarus africanus] B77
         |           |--P. adriaticus Karaman 1955 S86
         |           |--P. branchiatus Stock 1980 S86
         |           |--P. brevipedunculatus Stock 1980 S86
         |           |--P. elongatus Stock 1980 S86
         |           |--P. longispinum Stock 1980 S86
         |           |--P. macrotelsonis Stock 1980 S86
         |           |--P. mateusorum Stock 1980 S86
         |           `--P. unisexualis Stock 1980 S86
         |         Nedsia Barnard & Williams 1995 FJK08
         |           |--N. douglasi Barnard & Williams 1995 FJK08
         |           `--N. straskraba Bradbury & Williams 1996 FJK08
         |         Norcapensis EHH05
         |--+--Melitoides Gurjanova 1934 B77
         |  |    `--*M. makarovi Gurjanova 1934 B77
         |  |--Gammarella Bate 1857 B77
         |  |    `--*G. fucicola (Leach 1814) [=Pherusa fucicola] B77
         |  |--Netamelita Barnard 1962 B77
         |  |    `--*N. cordata Barnard 1962 B77
         |  |--Rotomelita Barnard 1977 B77
         |  |    |--*R. ana Barnard 1977 B77
         |  |    `--R. lokoa Barnard 1977 S86
         |  |--Paraniphargus Tattersall 1925 B77
         |  |    |--*P. ruttneri Schellenberg 1931 B77, S86
         |  |    `--P. annandalei Tattersall 1925 S86
         |  |--Eriopisa Stebbing 1890 B77
         |  |    |--*E. elongata (Bruzelius 1859) B77
         |  |    |--E. inaequicaudata Ledoyer 1982 S86
         |  |    |--E. incisa McKinney, Kalke & Holland 1978 S86
         |  |    `--E. philippensis (Chilton 1921) S86
         |  |--Psammogammarus Karaman 1955 B77
         |  |    |--*P. coecus Karaman 1955 B77, S86 [incl. Eriopisa peresi Ledoyer 1968 S86]
         |  |    |--P. caesicolus Stock 1980 S86
         |  |    |--P. garthi (Barnard 1952) S86
         |  |    |--P. gracilis (Ruffo & Schiecke 1976) S86
         |  |    |--P. longiramus (Stock & Nijssen 1965) S86
         |  |    `--P. scopulorum Stock 1983 S86
         |  |--Eriopisella Chevreux 1920 B77
         |  |    |--*E. pusilla Chevreux 1920 B77
         |  |    |--E. capensis (Barnard 1916) S86
         |  |    |--E. epimera Griffiths 1974 S86
         |  |    |--E. propagatio Clark Imbach 1967 S86
         |  |    |--E. sechellensis (Chevreux 1901) S86
         |  |    `--E. upolu Barnard 1970 S86
         |  `--Melita B77
         `--+--Bathyceradocus Pirlot 1934 B77
            |    `--*B. stephenseni Pirlot 1934 B77
            |--Ceradocus Costa 1853 B77
            |    |--*C. orchestiipes Costa 1853 B77
            |    `--C. semiserratus (Bate 1862) BD95
            |--Ceradocoides Nicholls 1938 B77
            |    `--*C. chiltoni Nicholls 1938 B77
            |--Ceradocopsis Schellenberg 1926 B77
            |    `--*C. kergueleni Schellenberg 1926 B77
            |--Paraceradocus Stebbing 1899 B77
            |    `--*P. miersii (Pfeffer 1888) [=Megamoera miersii] B77
            |--Metaceradocoides Birstein & Vinogradov 1960 B77
            |    `--*M. vitjazi Birstein & Vinogradov 1960 B77
            |--Maeracunha Stephensen 1949 B77
            |    `--*M. tristanensis Stephensen 1949 B77
            |--Maeropsis Chevreux 1919 B77
            |    `--*M. perrieri Chevreux 1919 B77
            |--Meximaera Barnard 1969 B77
            |    `--*M. diffidentia Barnard 1969 B77
            |--Jerbarnia Croker 1971 B77
            |    `--*J. mecochira Croker 1971 B77
            |--Anelasmopus Oliveira 1953 B77
            |    `--*A. kraui Oliveira 1953 B77
            |--Parelasmopus Stebbing 1888 B77
            |    `--*P. suluensis (Dana 1852) [=Gammarus suluensis] B77
            |--Ifalukia Barnard 1972 B77
            |    `--*I. resaca (Barnard 1965) [=Parelasmopus resacus] B77
            |--Elasmopus Costa 1853 B77
            |    |--*E. rapax Costa 1853 B77
            |    |--E. affinis Della Valle 1893 BD95
            |    |--E. brasiliensis (Dana 1855) BD95
            |    |--E. pectenicrus (Bate 1862) BD95
            |    |--E. pocillimanus (Bate 1862) BD95
            |    `--E. rapax Costa 1853 BD95
            |--Elasmopoides Stebbing 1908 B77
            |    `--*E. chevreuxi Stebbing 1908 B77
            |--Beaudettia Barnard 1965 [Beaudettiidae] B77
            |    `--*B. palmeri Barnard 1965 B77
            |--Cottesloe Barnard 1974 B77
            |    `--*C. berringar Barnard 1974 B77
            |--Nuuana Barnard 1970 B77
            |    `--*N. amikai Barnard 1970 B77
            |--Mallacoota Barnard 1972 B77
            |    `--*M. diemenensis (Haswell 1880) [=Megamoera diemenensis] B77
            |--Maera B77
            `--Quadrivisio Stebbing 1907 B77
                 |--*Q. bengalensis Stebbing 1907 B77
                 |--Q. chevreuxi Gordon 1968 S86
                 `--Q. lutzi (Shoemaker 1933) [=Pseudoceradocus lutzi; incl. Q. occidentalis Stephensen 1933] S86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BD95] Bakalem, A. & J.-C. Dauvin. 1995. Inventaire des crustacés amphipodes (Gammaridea, Caprellidea, Hyperiidea) des costes d'Algérie: essai de synthèse. Mésogée 54: 49-62.

[B77] Bousfield, E. L. 1977. A new look at the systematics of gammaroidean amphipods of the world. Crustaceana Suppl. 4: 282-316.

[EHH05] Eberhard, S. M., S. A. Halse & W. F. Humphreys. 2005. Stygofauna in the Pilbara region, north-west Western Australia: a review. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 167-176.

[FJK08] Finston, T. L., M. S. Johnson & B. Knott. 2008. A new genus and species of stygobitic paramelitid amphipod from the Pilbara, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 24 (4): 395-410.

[K-SV02] Krapp-Schickel, T., & W. Vader. 2002. Redescription and generic position of Cheirocratella thori Stephensen, 1940 (Amphipoda, Gammaroidea). Sarsia 87: 9-18.

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