Hedwigiales

Hedwigia ciliata, copyright Michael Becker.

Belongs within: Bryidae.

The Hedwigiales are a group of acrocarpous mosses with procumbent stems that lack a peristome on the capsule.

<==Hedwigiales SK02
    |--Rhacocarpus Lindb. 1863 [Rhacocarpaceae] SK02
    |    |--R. purpurascens (Brid.) Paris 1900 (see below for synonymy) SK02
    |    `--R. rehmannianus (Müll.Hal.) Wijk & Margad. 1960 SK02
    |         |--R. r. var. rehmannianus SK02
    |         `--R. r. var. webbianus (Müll.Hal.) Frahm 1996 (see below for synonymy) SK02
    `--Hedwigiaceae SK02
         |--Hedwigidium Bruch & Schimp. 1846 SK02
         |    `--H. integrifolium (Palisot de Beauvois) Dixon 1939 SK02 (see below for synonymy)
         `--Hedwigia Palisot de Beauvois 1804 SK02
              `--H. ciliata (Hedw.) Palisot de Beauvois 1805 (see below for synonymy) SK02
                   |--H. c. var. ciliata D24
                   |--H. c. var. leucophaea D24
                   `--H. c. var. striata D24

Nomina nuda: Hedwigidium campbellii Müll.Hal. ex Weymouth 1894 [=Braunia campbellii Müll.Hal. ex Fleischer 1920] SK02
             Hedwigidium weymouthii Fleischer 1920 [=Braunia weymouthii Müll.Hal. ex Fleischer 1920] SK02
             Rhacocarpus patagonicus Dusén 1903 D03

Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) Palisot de Beauvois 1805 [=Anictangium ciliatum, Schistidium ciliatum; incl. Hedwigia albicans (nom. illeg.), H. juratzkae, Pilotrichum microcyatheum, Cryphaea microcyathea, Hedwigia microcyathea, H. novae-valesiae (nom. inv.), H. occidentalis (nom. inv.), Anictangium planifolium, H. albicans var. viridis (comb. inv.)] SK02

Hedwigidium integrifolium (Palisot de Beauvois) Dixon 1939 SK02 [=Hedwigia integrifolia SK02; incl. Schistidium drummondii SK02, Hedwigia imberbis var. drummondii SK02, Hedwigidium drummondii SK02, Neckera drummondii SK02, N. emersa SK02, Harrisonia emersa (n. n.) SK02, Hedwigia emersa (n. n.) SK02, Hedwigidium emersum SK02, Gymnostomum imberbe D24, Hedwigia imberbis SK02, Hedwigidium imberbe SK02, Schistidium australe (nom. inv.) SK02]

Rhacocarpus purpurascens (Brid.) Paris 1900 [incl. Braunia humboldtii, Harrisonia humboldtii, Hedwigia humboldtii, Rhacocarpus humboldtii; incl. Harrisonia australis, R. australis] SK02

Rhacocarpus rehmannianus var. webbianus (Müll.Hal.) Frahm 1996 [=Harrisonia webbiana, R. webbianus (Müll.Hal.) Paris 1900] SK02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D24] Dixon, H. N. 1924. The Student's Handbook of British Mosses 3rd ed. V. V. Sumfield: Eastbourne.

[D03] Dusén, P. 1903. The vegetation of western Patagonia. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 1–34. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).

[SK02] Streimann, H., & N. Klazenga. 2002. Catalogue of Australian Mosses. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 17. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Bryum section Eu-Bryum

Bryum caespiticium, from the Ohio Moss and Lichen Association.

Belongs within: Bryaceae.

The section Eu-Bryum of the genus Bryum includes often tall mosses with rather long, narrow leaves (Dixon 1924).

Characters (from Dixon 1924): Innovations usually not julaceous, cells wider, more or less hexagonal-rhomboid. Inner peristome perfect. Outer teeth pale yellow above, at base thickened, deeper in colour, orange. Spores small.

<==Bryum sect. Eu-Bryum D24
    |--*B. argenteum Hedw. 1801 SK02, D24, SK02 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--B. a. var. argenteum D24
    |    `--B. a. var. majus [incl. B. perpusillum] D24
    |--B. affine [=Webera affinis] D24
    |    |--B. a. var. affine D24
    |    `--B. a. var. cirratum D24
    |--B. alpinum Huds. ex Withering 1801 D24, SK02
    |    |--B. a. var. alpinum D24
    |    |--B. a. var. distantifolium D24
    |    |--B. a. var. meridionale D24
    |    `--B. a. var. viride D24
    |--B. atropurpureum [incl. B. barnesii] D24
    |    |--B. a. var. atropurpureum D24
    |    `--B. a. var. gracilentum [incl. B. elegantulum] D24
    |--B. caespiticium Hedw. 1801 D24, SK02 [=B. cespiticium (l. c.) SK02]
    |    |--B. c. var. caespiticium [incl. B. laxirete (preoc.)] SK02
    |    |--B. c. var. badium D24
    |    |--B. c. var. crinitum Wilson 1859 SK02
    |    `--B. c. var. imbricatum [incl. B. caespiticium var. kunzei] D24
    |--B. dixoni Card. ex Nicholson 1901 D24
    |--B. donianum D24
    |--B. elegans FHH01 [=B. capillare var. elegans D24; incl. B. barbatum D24, B. leptaleum D24, B. stirtoni D24]
    |--B. erythrocarpum [incl. B. sanguineum] D24
    |--B. gemmiparum D24
    |--B. intermedium (Brid.) Bland. 1809 D24, SK02
    |--B. mildeanum D24
    |--B. muehlenbeckii Bruch & Schimp. 1846 D24, SK02 [incl. B. cheelii SK02]
    |--B. murale D24
    |--B. neodamense D24
    |--B. pallescens D24
    |--B. provinciale D24
    |--B. pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn. 1802 D24, SK02 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--B. p. var. pseudotriquetrum D24
    |    `--B. p. var. compactum non B. pendulum var. compactum D24
    |--B. rubens Mitt. 1856 D24, SK02
    |--B. rufifolium Dixon 1924 [=B. rubicundum Stirton non C.M. 1859] D24
    `--B. sauteri Bruch & Schimp. 1846 D24, SK02

*Bryum argenteum Hedw. 1801 SK02, D24, SK02 [incl. B. amblyolepis SK02, B. amblophyllum (nom. inv.) SK02, B. austroargenteum (n. n.) SK02, B. hampeanum (n. n.) SK02, B. leucophyllum Dozy & Molk. 1844 SK02, B. argenteum var. niveum Wilson 1859 SK02, B. parasemum D24]

Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn. 1802 D24, SK02 [incl. B. austroaffine SK02, B. pseudotriquetrum var. bimum SK02, B. intortulum D24, B. rubiginosum SK02, B. subventricosum SK02, B. tasmanicum SK02, B. ventricosum (nom. illeg.) SK02]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D24] Dixon, H. N. 1924. The Student's Handbook of British Mosses 3rd ed. V. V. Sumfield: Eastbourne.

[FHH01] Frey, W., M. Hofmann & H. H. Hilger. 2001. The gametophyte-sporophyte junction: unequivocal hints for two evolutionary lines of archegoniate land plants. Flora 196: 431–445.

[SK02] Streimann, H., & N. Klazenga. 2002. Catalogue of Australian Mosses. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 17. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Webera subgenus Eu-Webera

Webera proligera, photographed by Hermann Schachner.

Belongs within: Bryaceae.

The subgenus Eu-Webera of the genus Webera includes species with relatively wide leaves and capsules compared to other members of the genus (Dixon 1924).

Characters (from Dixon 1924): Leaves wider, without a distinct border, not dimorphous, the comal less suddenly elongated, the areolation usually wider. Capsule wider, with a shorter neck; basal membrane of inner peristome usually higher, cilia present, often perfect, not appendiculate; processes usually with a more or less gaping slit along their median line.

<==Webera subg. Eu-Webera D24
    |--W. annotina [=Mnium annotinum, Pohlia annotina] D24
    |    |--W. a. var. annotina D24
    |    |--W. a. var. bulbifera [incl. W. annotina var. tenuifolia] D24
    |    `--W. a. var. erecta [=Trentepohlia erecta] D24
    |--W. carnea [=Bryum carneum, Pohlia carnea] D24
    |--W. commutata [=Pohlia commutata] D24
    |    |--W. c. var. commutata D24
    |    `--W. c. var. catenulata [=Bryum catenulatum] D24
    |--W. cucullata [=Bryum cucullatum, Pohlia cucullata] D24
    |--W. gracilis [=Bryum gracile, Pohlia gracilis] D24
    |--W. ludwigii [=Bryum ludwigii, Pohlia ludwigii] D24
    |    |--W. l. var. ludwigii D24
    |    `--W. l. var. latifolia D24
    `--W. proligera [=Pohlia proligera; incl. W. annotina var. angustifolia] D24

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D24] Dixon, H. N. 1924. The Student's Handbook of British Mosses 3rd ed. V. V. Sumfield: Eastbourne.

Philonotis subgenus Eu-Philonotis

Philonotis calcarea, copyright Michael Becker.

Belongs within: Bartramiaceae.

The subgenus Eu-Philonotis of the genus Philonotis mostly includes robust and erect mosses (Dixon 1924).

Characters (from Dixon 1924): Usually robust and erect; stems usually straight and regularly branched. Dioicous. Male flower discoid, terminal.

<==Philonotis Brid. 1827 subg. Eu-Philonotis
    |--P. caespitosa D24
    |    |--P. c. var. caespitosa D24
    |    `--P. c. var. adpressa D24
    |--P. calcarea D24
    |--P. capillaris [=P. fontana var. capillaris; incl. P. arnellii, P. ryani Philibert 1894] D24
    |--P. fontana [=Mnium fontanum; incl. P. fontana var. pumila] D24
    |    |--P. f. var. fontana D24
    |    |--P. f. var. adpressa non P. caespitosa var. adpressa [incl. P. heterophylla] D24
    |    |--P. f. var. ampliretis Dixon 1902 [incl. P. laxa] D24
    |    |--P. f. var. falcata D24
    |    `--P. f. var. tomentella [incl. P. fontana var. compacta] D24
    |--P. marchica D24
    |--P. mollis (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt. 1859 SK02 [=P. calcarea var. mollis D24]
    `--P. seriata D24

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D24] Dixon, H. N. 1924. The Student's Handbook of British Mosses 3rd ed. V. V. Sumfield: Eastbourne.

[SK02] Streimann, H., & N. Klazenga. 2002. Catalogue of Australian Mosses. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 17. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Bryum section Leucodontium

Bryum pallens, from here.

Belongs within: Bryaceae.

The section Leucodontium of the genus Bryum includes mosses found in watery situations, characterised by entirely pale outer peristome teeth (Dixon 1924).

Characters (from Dixon 1924): Innovations not julaceous; cells wider, more or less hexagonal-rhomboid. Leaves rather wide, obtuse or shortly pointed only, relatively flaccid, cells relatively wide. Capsules pale. Inner peristome usually perfect, appendiculate cilia mostly well-developed, as long as processes, with distinct transverse appendages; basal membrane not adherent to outer peristome. Outer teeth pale yellow throughout length, hardly thickened at base. Spores usually small.

<==Bryum sect. Leucodontium D24
    |--B. cyclophyllum [=Mnium cyclophyllum] D24
    |--B. duvalii D24
    |--B. fallax D24
    |--B. pallens Swartz 1801 D24, SK02 [incl. B. origanum D24]
    |    |--B. p. var. pallens D24
    |    |--B. p. var. euryphyllum Jones 1917 D24
    |    `--B. p. var. speciosum [incl. B. rubricosum] D24
    `--B. turbinatum [=Mnium turbinatum] D24
         |--B. t. var. turbinatum D24
         `--B. t. var. latifolium [=B. schleicheri var. latifolium, Mnium latifolium] D24

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D24] Dixon, H. N. 1924. The Student's Handbook of British Mosses 3rd ed. V. V. Sumfield: Eastbourne.

[SK02] Streimann, H., & N. Klazenga. 2002. Catalogue of Australian Mosses. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 17. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Grimmia

Grimmia pulvinata, copyright Michael Becker.

Belongs within: Grimmiales.

Grimmia is a genus of mostly short-stemmed mosses found growing in close cushions or tufts on rocks (Dixon 1924).

Characters (from Dixon 1924): Mostly short-stemmed, growing in close cushions or tufts on rocks; stems dichotomous. Leaves crowded, more or less lanceolate, usually hyaline-pointed, margin frequently thickened, almost always entire; areolation short and often opaque above. Seta arcuate or straight. Calyptra smooth; capsule oval. Peristome teeth 16, cleft at apex or entire, lanceolate.

<==Grimmia Hedw. 1801 SK02
    |--G. subg. Eu-Grimmia D24
    |    |--G. alpestris D24 [incl. G. doniana var. sudetica D24, SK02, G. ungeri D24]
    |    |--G. arenaria [incl. G. curvula] D24
    |    |--G. atrata D24
    |    |--G. calyptrata D24
    |    |--G. commutata D24
    |    |--G. decipiens [=Trichostomum decipiens; incl. G. schultzii, G. subaquila] D24
    |    |--G. donniana Smith 1804 D24, SK02
    |    |--G. elatior D24
    |    |--G. elongata D24
    |    |--G. funalis (Schwägr.) Bruch & Schimp. 1845 D24, SK02 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--G. hartmani D24
    |    |--G. homodictyon Dixon 1901 D24
    |    |--G. inaequalis D24, SK02 [incl. G. incrassicapsulis SK02]
    |    |--G. incurva [incl. G. contorta] D24
    |    |--G. montana D24
    |    |--G. muehlenbeckii D24
    |    |--G. orbicularis Bruch 1844 D24, SK02 [incl. G. campbelliae Müll.Hal. 1898 SK02]
    |    |--G. ovalis (Hedw.) Lindb. 1871 D24, SK02
    |    |--G. ovata [incl. G. hemipolia] D24
    |    |    |--G. o. var. ovata D24
    |    |    `--G. o. var. cylindrica D24
    |    |--G. patens [=Bryum patens, Rhacomitrium patens] D24
    |    |--G. pennsylvanica D24
    |    |--G. pulvinata (Hedw.) Smith 1807 D24, SK02
    |    |    |--G. p. var. pulvinata SK02
    |    |    `--G. p. var. africana (Hedw.) Hooker & Wilson 1854 SK02 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--G. retracta Stirton 1886 (see below for synonymy) D24
    |    |--G. robusta [=G. decipiens var. robusta] D24
    |    |--G. stirtoni D24
    |    |--G. subsquarrosa D24
    |    |    |--G. s. var. subsquarrosa D24
    |    |    `--G. s. var. edinensis D24
    |    |--G. subsulcata D24
    |    |--G. torquata D24
    |    |--G. trichophylla D24 (see below for synonymy)
    |    `--G. unicolor D24
    `--G. subg. Gasterogrimmia D24
         |--G. anodon Bruch & Schimp. 1845 D24, SK02
         `--G. crinita D24

Grimmia incertae sedis:
  G. amblyophylla D03
  G. argentea M49
  G. asperitricha M49
  G. australis (Dixon & Sainsbury) Muñoz & Ochyra 1999 SK02
  G. austrofunalis Müll.Hal. 1898 SK02
  G. austro-leucophaea D03
  G. cyathocarpa (Hampe) Mitt. 1882 [=Guembelia cyathocarpa] SK02
  G. depressa D03
    |--G. d. var. depressa D03
    `--G. d. var. terrestris D03
  G. fallax Dusén 1903 D03
  G. humilis D03
  G. laevigata (Brid.) Brid. 1826 (see below for synonymy) SK02
  G. longirostris Hooker 1818 SK02
  G. macroperichaetialis Greven 1998 SK02
  G. macropulvinata Dusén 1903 D03
  G. paramattensis Müll.Hal. 1898 (n. d.) SK02
  G. redunca N02
  G. reflexidens Müll.Hal. 1849 SK02
  G. subcallosa Müll.Hal. 1898 (n. d.) SK02
  G. tortuosa D03

Nomina nuda: Grimmia arachnoidea Dusén 1903 D03
             Grimmia australasica Mitt. ex Watts & Whitel. 1902 SK02
             Grimmia austroapocarpa Müll.Hal. ex Watts & Whitel. 1902 SK02
             Grimmia encalyptoides Müll.Hal. ex Watts & Whitel. 1902 SK02
             Grimmia flexiseta Dusén 1903 D03
             Grimmia histrioipila Müll.Hal. ex Watts & Whitel. 1902 SK02
             Grimmia pachyphylla Müller in Dusén 1903 [=Andreaea pachyphylla Dusén 1903] D03
             Grimmia pycnophylla Dusén 1903 D03
             Grimmia scabridorsum Broth. ex Watts & Whitel. 1902 SK02

Grimmia funalis (Schwägr.) Bruch & Schimp. 1845 D24, SK02 [=Trichostomum funale D24, Eugrimmia funalis (nom. inv.) SK02; incl. Grimmia horni D24]

Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid. 1826 [incl. G. campestris, G. leiocarpa, G. leucophaea, G. leucophaea var. subrotunda] SK02

Grimmia pulvinata var. africana (Hedw.) Hooker & Wilson 1854 SK02 [incl. Gr. trichophylla var. australis (nom. inv.) non Gr. australis (Dixon & Sainsbury) Muñoz & Ochyra 1999 SK02, Gr. pulvinata var. basaltica M49, SK02, Gr. callosa SK02, Gr. cygnicolla SK02, Dryptodon obtusus D24, Gr. pulvinata var. obtusa (nom. illeg.) SK02, Guembelia obtusata SK02, Gr. obtusata (Müll.Hal. & Hampe) Jaeger 1874 SK02, Gr. pygmaea Müll.Hal. 1849 SK02, Gr. tasmanica Müll.Hal. 1898 SK02, Gr. woollsiana Müll.Hal. 1898 SK02]

Grimmia retracta Stirton 1886 [incl. G. retracta var. submutica non Grimmia apocarpa f. submutica Watts & Whitel. 1902] D24

Grimmia trichophylla D24 [incl. G. crispatula SK02, G. fuliginea D24, G. polita D24, G. stenophylla Müll.Hal. 1898 SK02, G. undulata D24]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D24] Dixon, H. N. 1924. The Student's Handbook of British Mosses 3rd ed. V. V. Sumfield: Eastbourne.

[D03] Dusén, P. 1903. Patagonian and Fuegian mosses. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 63–126. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).

[M49] Martin, W. 1949. Distribution of the mosses indigenous to New Zealand (supplement no. 1). Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 355–360.

[N02] Negi, H. R. 2002. Abundance and diversity of moss communities of Chopta-Tunganath in the Garhwal Himalaya. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 99 (3): 418–433.

[SK02] Streimann, H., & N. Klazenga. 2002. Catalogue of Australian Mosses. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 17. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Cynodontium

Cynodontium polycarpum, photographed by Hermann Schachner.

Belongs within: Dicranaceae.

Cynodontium is a genus of relatively tall mosses with recurved margins on the leaves (Dixon 1924).

Characters (from Dixon 1924): Leaves with recurved margins, long, wider at base, gradually and longly acuminated in the upper part; cells often papillose. Fruit larger, smooth or striate, symmetrical or more frequently inclined and unequal, often strumose, on longer seta. Peristome variable. Lid longly subulate.

<==Cynodontium
    |--C. bruntoni [=Dicranum bruntoni, Dicranoweisia bruntoni, Oncophorus bruntoni] D24
    |--C. gracilescens [=Dicranum gracilescens, Oncophorus gracilescens] D24
    |    |--C. g. var. gracilescens D24
    |    `--C. g. var. alpestre [incl. C. subalpestre] D24
    |--C. jenneri (see below for synonymy) D24
    |--C. polycarpum [=Dicranum polycarpum, Oncophorus polycarpus] D24
    |--C. strumiferum [=Dicranum strumiferum, C. polycarpum var. strumiferum, Oncophorus strumifer] D24
    |--C. virens [=Bryum virens, Oncophorus virens] D24
    |    |--C. v. var. virens D24
    |    `--C. v. var. serratum D24
    `--C. wahlenbergii [=C. virens var. wahlenbergii, Onchophorus wahlenbergii] D24
         |--C. w. var. wahlenbergii D24
         `--C. w. var. compactum D24

Cynodontium jenneri [=Didymodon jenneri Schimp. 1868; incl. C. polycarpum var. laevifolia, C. polycarpum var. laxirete, C. laxirete Grebe 1901] D24

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D24] Dixon, H. N. 1924. The Student's Handbook of British Mosses 3rd ed. V. V. Sumfield: Eastbourne.