Lycosa

Female Lycosa godeffroyi carrying an egg-sac, copyright Fir0002.

Belongs within: Lycosinae.

The genus Lycosa has been used in the past for a diverse array of relatively large wolf spiders that construct silken burrows. It is now known to be polyphyletic in its earlier circumscriptions; the genus as currently recognised is most diverse in the western Palaearctic, but remains poorly defined and many species remain to be reclassified. The type species, Lycosa tarantula, is found in southern Europe and was the original spider referred to as 'tarantula' before the name became associated with members of the Theraphosidae. Other members of the genus include L. coelestis, found in eastern Asia.

<==Lycosa Latreille 1804 F08
    |--L. coelestis Koch 1878 PY07, VMP02
    `--+--L. godeffroyi Koch 1865 PY07, MGK03
       `--L. suzukii PY07

Lycosa incertae sedis:
  *L. tarantula (Linnaeus 1758) [=Aranea tarantula] F08
  L. accentuata K01
  L. aerescens S99
  L. affinis Lucas 1846 E12
  L. albosparsa (n. d.) F06
  L. algida H09
  L. arapensis (Strand 1908) [=Tarentula arapensis, Mimohogna arapensis] J98
  L. arenivaga FF99
  L. argenteomarginata Lycas 1846 E12
  L. auroguttata (Keyserling 1891) FM11
  L. avida Walckenaer 1837 N37
  L. baltimoriana M-RL88
  L. bellicosa FF99
  L. biimpressa Lucas 1846 E12
  L. canescens S99
  L. carolinensis C90
  L. ceratiola MC05
  L. corallina McKay 1974 FL13
  L. cuneata K01
  L. cursor K01
  L. dimidiata [incl. L. dimidiata var. virgata Kulczyński 1901] K01
  L. erratica Lucas 1846 E12
  L. erythrognatha Lucas 1836 FM11
  L. exilipes Lucas 1846 E12
  L. felina Koch 1878 MGK03
  L. fulvolineata Lucas 1846 E12
  L. gilberta Hogg 1905 [=Venonia gilberta] YF06
  L. gracilenta Lucas 1846 E12
  L. hawaiiensis Simon 1899 S99
  L. hilaris H09
  L. indagatrix Walckenaer 1837 K92
  L. innocua Doleschall 1859 D59
  L. inornata Blackwall 1862 FM11
  L. ishikariana (Saito 1934) STK06
  L. laeta Koch 1877 E07
  L. lanca Karsch 1879 K92
  L. latefasciata S95
  L. lebakensis Doleschall 1859 D59
  L. leuckartii (Thorell 1870) LF10
  L. malayana Doleschall 1859 D59
  L. malitiosa E95
  L. maura S99
  L. miniata K01
  L. musgravei B96
  L. narbonensis Walckenaer 1806 MGK03 [=L. (Tarentula) narbonensis D59]
  L. nautica S99
  L. nemoralis K01
  L. numida Lucas 1846 E12
  L. oahuensis Koch & Keyserling 1890 KK90
  L. paramushirensis Nakatsudi 1937 N37
  L. pastoralis S95
  L. pilipes Lucas 1846 E12
  L. praegrandis Koch 1836 MGK03
  L. pulverulenta K01
  L. quadripunctata Lucas 1846 E12
  L. rabida FF99
  L. ralphi F64
  L. retiruga H09
  L. rufimanoides (Strand 1908) [=Tarentula rufimanoides] J98
  L. salifodina McKay 1976 FL13
  L. scenica S99
  L. schauinslandi Simon 1899 S99
  L. subantarctica Forster 1964 F64
  L. subaustralis (Strand 1908) [=Tarentula subaustralis, Hogna subaustralis] J98
  L. sylvicola Lucas 1846 E12
  L. taylori S99
  L. thorelli (Keyserling 1877) FM11
  L. timida Lucas 1846 E12
  L. tremens S99
  L. tremula Simon 1899 S99
  L. turbida H09
  L. uliginosa S99
  L. umbrata S99
  L. vagabunda Lucas 1846 E12
  L. valida Lucas 1846 E12
  L. venatrix Lucas 1846 E12
  L. villica Lucas 1846 E12

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B96] Brunet, B. 1996. Spiderwatch: A Guide to Australian Spiders. Reed New Holland: Sydney.

[C90] Crawford, C. S. 1990. Scorpiones, Solifugae, and associated desert taxa. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 421–475. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[D59] Doleschall, C. L. 1859. Tweede Bijdrage tot de kennis der Arachniden van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandelingen der Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch Indie [Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae] 5 (5): 1–60, pls 1–18.

[E95] Elgar, M. A. 1995. The duration of copulation in spiders: comparative patterns. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 52: 1–11.

[E07] Elliott, M. G. 2007. Annotated catalogue of the Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) of Australia. Zootaxa 1428: 1–83.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[F64] Forster, R. R. 1964. The Araneae and Opiliones of the subantarctic islands of New Zealand. Pacific Insects Monograph 7: 58–115.

[FF99] Forster, R., & L. Forster. 1999. Spiders of New Zealand and their World-wide Kin. University of Otago Press: Dunedin (New Zealand).

[F06] Framenau, V. W. 2006. The wolf spider genus Venatrix Roewer: new species, synonymies and generic transfers (Araneae, Lycosidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 23 (2): 145–166.

[F08] Framenau, V. W. 2008. A new wolf spider species of the genus Artoria from Western Australia (Araneae: Lycosidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 24 (4): 363–368.

[FL13] Framenau, V. W., & A. E. Leung. 2013. Costacosa, a new genus of wolf spider (Araneae, Lycosidae) from coastal north-west Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 173–184.

[FM11] Freire-Jr, G. de B., & P. C. Motta. 2011. Effects of experimental fire regimes on the abundance and diversity of cursorial arachnids of Brazilian savannah (cerrado biome). Journal of Arachnology 39 (2): 263–272.

[H09] Hogg, H. R. 1909. Some New Zealand and Tasmanian Arachnidae. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 42: 273–283.

[J98] Jäger, P. 1998. Das Typenmaterial der Spinnentiere (Arachnida: Acari, Amblypygi, Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Scorpiones, Uropygi) aus dem Museum Wiesbaden. Jahrbuecher des Nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 119: 81–91.

[K92] Karsch, F. 1892. Arachniden von Ceylon und von Minikoy gesammelt von den Herren Doctoren P. und F. Sarasin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 36 (2): 267–310.

[KK90] Koch, L., & E. Keyserling. 1884–1890. Die Arachniden Australiens nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet vol. 2. Bauer & Raspe: Nürnberg.

[K01] Kulczyński, V. 1901. Arachnoideák [Arachnoidea]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 311–369. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[LF10] Langlands, P. R., & V. W. Framenau. 2010. Systematic revision of Hoggicosa Roewer, 1960, the Australian 'bicolor' group of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158: 83–123.

[MC05] Machado, G., P. C. Carrera, A. M. Pomini & A. J. Marsaioli. 2005. Chemical defense in harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones): do benzoquinone secretions deter invertebrate and vertebrate predators? Journal of Chemical Ecology 31 (11): 2519–2539.

[MGK03] Marusik, Yu. M., E. F. Guseinov & S. Koponen. 2003. Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Azerbaijan. 2. Critical survey of wolf spiders (Lycosidae) found in the country with description of three new species and brief review of Palaearctic Evippa Simon, 1885. Arthropoda Selecta 12 (1): 47–65.

[M-RL88] Meyer-Rochow, V. B., & A. R. Liddle. 1988. Structure and function of the eyes of two species of opilionid from New Zealand glow-worm caves (Megalopsalis tumida: Palpatores, and Hendea myersi cavernicola: Laniatores). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B—Biological Sciences 233: 293–319.

[N37] Nakatsudi, K. 1937. Notes on a new genus and two new species of Arachnida from the island of Paramushir, northern Kuriles, Japan. Tokyo Nogyo Daigaku Nogaku Shuho 1 (1): 22–27.

[PY07] Park, Y. C., J.-S. Yoo, M. P. Schwarz, N. Murphy & J.-P. Kim. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of east Asian wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) inferred from mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 100 (1): 1–8.

[S95] Simon, E. 1895. Arachnides recueillis par M^r G. Potanine en Chine et en Mongolie (1876–1879). Izviestĭia Imperatorskoi Akademĭi Nauk” (Bulletin de l’Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg), Ser. 5, 4: 331–345.

[S99] Simon, E. 1899. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland 1896–1897). Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie un Biologie der Thiere 12 (4): 411–437.

[STK06] Suzuki, S., N. Tsurusaki & Y. Kodama. 2006. Distribution of an endangered burrowing spider Lycosa ishikariana in the San'in Coast of Honshu, Japan (Araneae: Lycosidae). Acta Arachnologica 55 (2): 79–86.

[VMP02] Vink, C. J., A. D. Mitchell & A. M. Paterson. 2002. A preliminary molecular analysis of phylogenetic relationships of Australasian wolf spider genera (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 227–237.

[YF06] Yoo, J.-S., & V. W. Framenau. 2006. Systematics and biogeography of the sheet-web building wolf spider genus Venonia (Araneae: Lycosidae). Invertebrate Systematics 20: 675–712.

Last updated: 23 June 2017.

Pisauridae

Female nursery web spider Dolomedes minor guarding nursery web, copyright Bryce McQuillan.

Belongs within: Amaurobioidea.

The Pisauridae, nursery web spiders, are a cosmopolitan group of spiders in which the females carry the egg-case with the chelicerae underneath the sternum, before placing it in a nursery web constructed on vegetation to house the spiderlings. The adult spiders may be active hunters or may construct a sheet web with a large funnel often leading into the ground (Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2007). Species of the cosmopolitan genus Dolomedes, the fishing spiders, are commonly found in association with water, capturing prey by running across its surface.

Characters (from Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2007): Medium-sized to very large; eight eyes present in two, three or four rows, with at least one pair of eyes on shallow tubercles; legs with three tarsal claws, trochanters deeply notched, tarsi pseudosegmented; abdomen elongated, tapering towards rear; ecribellate; entelegyne.

<==Pisauridae [Halidae]
    |--Euprosthenops proximus Lessert 1916 JD-S07, HD-S02
    |--Afropisaura rothiformis (Strand 1908) JD-S07, J98 [=Pisaura rothiformis J98]
    |--Euprosthenopsis JD-S07
    |--Tolma Jocqué 1994 JD-S07
    |--Rothus JD-S07
    |--Eopisaurella valdespinosa Petrunkevitch 1958 S93
    |--Bradystichus [Bradystichinae] R14
    |--Propago debilis Petrunkevitch 1963 P92
    |--Pisaura Simon 1885 non Bonato 1793 (ICBN) JD-S07
    |    `--*P. mirabilis (Clerck 1757) C01, K55 [=Araneus mirabilis C01]
    |--Perenethis Koch 1879 K92
    |    `--P. unifasciata (Doleschall 1859) K92, D59 [=Dolomedes unifasciatus K92; incl. P. venusta Koch 1878 K92]
    |--Tetragonophthalma JD-S07
    |    `--‘Birabenia’ taeniata Mello-Leitão 1943 (n. d.) C90
    |--Hala Jocqué 1994 JD-S07
    |    `--H. paulyi JD-S07
    |--Ancylometes Bertkau 1880 [incl. Corinoctenus Mello-Leitão 1939] SB01
    |    |--A. bogotensis [incl. Phoneutria niveobarbata Mello-Leitão 1945] SB01
    |    `--A. rufus (Walckenaer 1837) L-M-HG08
    |--Esuritor S93
    |    |--E. aculeatus Petrunkevitch 1958 S93
    |    `--E. spinipes Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
    `--Dolomedes Latreille 1804 PVD10
         |--D. fimbriatus (Clerck 1757) K55 (see below for synonymy)
         |--D. albocinctus Doleschall 1859 D59
         |--D. aquaticus Goyen 1888 PVD10
         |--D. australianus (Koch 1865) B96
         |--D. clercki Simon 1937 K55
         |--D. eberhardarum Strand 1913 J98
         |--D. facetus Koch 1876 PVD10
         |--D. huttoni Hogg 1908 PVD10
         |--D. lateralis White 1849 PVD10
         |--D. imperiosus S99
         |--D. longimanus Stoliczka 1869 S69
         |--D. minor Koch 1876 PVD10
         |--D. mirabilis [=Lycosa (Dolomedes) mirabilis] G20
         |--D. mirificus Walckenaer 1837 PVD10
         |--D. neptunus Rainbow 1896 R96
         |--D. raptor (Bösenberg & Strand 1906) PY07
         |--D. sagittiger White 1849 PVD10
         |--D. schauinslandi Simon 1899 PVD10
         |--D. spinipes Rainbow 1896 R96
         |--D. sumatranus Strand 1906 J98
         |--D. tenebrosus Hentz 1844 SB14
         |--D. tridentatus Hogg 1911 PVD10
         |--D. trippi Hogg 1908 PVD10
         |--D. triton (Walckenaer 1837) SB14
         `--D. vittatus Walckenaer 1837 SB14

Dolomedes fimbriatus (Clerck 1757) K55 [=Araneus fimbriatus C01, Aranea fimbriata L58; incl. Aranea marginata C01, *Dolomedes marginatus C01]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B96] Brunet, B. 1996. Spiderwatch: A Guide to Australian Spiders. Reed New Holland: Sydney.

[C01] Cambridge, F. O. P. 1901. A revision of the genera of the Araneae or spiders with reference to their type species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 51–65.

[C90] Capocasale, R. M. 1990. Las especies de la subfamilia Hippasinae de America del Sur (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Arachnology 18: 131–142.

[D59] Doleschall, C. L. 1859. Tweede Bijdrage tot de kennis der Arachniden van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandelingen der Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch Indie [Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae] 5 (5): 1–60, pls 1–18.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[HD-S02] Haddad, C. R., & A. S. Dippenaar-Schoeman. 2002. The influence of mound structure on the diversity of spiders (Araneae) inhabiting the abandoned mounds of the snouted harvester termite Trinervitermes trinervoides. Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 403–408.

[J98] Jäger, P. 1998. Das Typenmaterial der Spinnentiere (Arachnida: Acari, Amblypygi, Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Scorpiones, Uropygi) aus dem Museum Wiesbaden. Jahrbuecher des Nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 119: 81–91.

[JD-S07] Jocqué, R., & A. S. Dippenaar-Schoeman. 2007. Spider Families of the World. Royal Museum for Central Africa: Tervuren (Belgium).

[K92] Karsch, F. 1892. Arachniden von Ceylon und von Minikoy gesammelt von den Herren Doctoren P. und F. Sarasin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 36 (2): 267–310.

[K55] Kraus, O. 1955. Spinnen von Korsika, Sardinien und Elba (Arach., Araneae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 371–394.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[L-M-HG08] Lo-Man-Hung, N. F., T. A. Gardner, M. A. Ribeiro-Júnior, J. Barlow & A. B. Bonaldo. 2008. The value of primary, secondary, and plantation forests for Neotropical epigeic arachnids. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 394–401.

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

[PY07] Park, Y. C., J.-S. Yoo, M. P. Schwarz, N. Murphy & J.-P. Kim. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of east Asian wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) inferred from mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 100 (1): 1–8.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[R96] Rainbow, W. J. 1896. Descriptions of some new Araneidae of New South Wales. No. 6. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 21 (3): 320–344, pls 18–20.

[R14] Ramírez, M. J. 2014. The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 390: 1–374.

[S93] Selden, P. A. 1993. Arthropoda (Aglaspidida, Pycnogonida and Chelicerata). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 297–320. Chapman & Hall: London.

[SB01] Simó, M., & A. D. Brescovit. 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12 (2): 67–82.

[S99] Simon, E. 1899. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland 1896–1897. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie un Biologie der Thiere 12 (4): 411–437.

[S69] Stoliczka, F. 1869. Contribution to the knowledge of Indian Arachnoidea. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 38 pt 2 (4): 201–251, pls 18–20.

[SB14] Suter, R. B., & K. Benson. 2014. Nocturnal, diurnal, crepuscular: activity assessments of Pisauridae and Lycosidae. Journal of Arachnology 42 (2): 178–191.

Last updated: 22 January 2022.

Arctosa

Arctosa cinerea, copyright Fritz Geller-Grimm.

Belongs within: Lycosidae.

Arctosa is a genus of medium-sized to large wolf spiders commonly found in sandy habitats.

Characters (from Dondale & Redner 1983): Size medium to large (overall length, excluding legs, 4.5–16.0 mm). Carapace broad, rather low, approximately uniform in height between dorsal groove and posterior row of eyes, usually glabrous or nearly so, yellow, off-white, or mottled with gray, yellow, or brown. Anterior row of eyes straight or somewhat procurved or recurved, longer than, shorter than, or equal to middle row in length. Promargin of fang furrow with two or three teeth, retromargin with three teeth. Legs usually pale, robust, lightly scopulate, with dark rings ; tibia III with two dorsal macrosetae or with one plus a basal bristle, and with 1–3 retrolateral macrosetae; trochanters usually deeply notched at tip on ventral surface . Abdomen usually pale and mottled like carapace. Terminal apophysis of male palpus conspicuous, in two parts or in one part of two different shapes and degrees of sclerotization; embolus straight or curved, largely hidden by median apophysis in ventral view, with extensive pars pendula extending nearly to tip; median apophysis prominent, sclerotized, elongate, conspicuously grooved or excavated on distal or dorsal surface (and forming part of functional conductor); tegulum with retrolateral prominence bearing small soft area and often bearing small, transparent, cup-shaped process or prominent, sclerotized process, which also forms part of functional conductor. Epigynum of female usually with conspicuous atrium divided by median septum, without hood; copulatory openings located at sides of slender part of median septum; copulatory tubes slender to stout, rather short, often curved or sinuous, sometimes with conspicuous spermathecal organs at lateral margins; spermathecae bulbous in outline, without prominences.

<==Arctosa Koch 1847 MGK03
    |--*A. cinerea (Fabricius 1777) [=Trochosa cinerea] MGK03
    |--A. alpigena RKD02
    |--A. brauni (Strand 1916) [=Tarentula brauni] J98
    |--A. epiana (Berland 1938) [=Lycosa konei var. epiana, A. konei epiana] F06
    |--A. fulvolineata (Lucas 1846) PG08
    |--A. lacustris (Simon 1876) K55
    |--A. leopardus (Sundevall 1833) MGK03
    |--A. nyembeensis (Strand 1916) [=Tarentula nyembeensis] J98
    |--A. perita (Latreille 1799) MGK03
    |--A. stigmosa PY07
    |--A. subamylacea PY07
    `--A. tbilisiensis Mcheidze 1946 MGK03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Dondale, C. D., & J. H. Redner. 1983. Revision of the wolf spiders of the genus Arctosa C. L. Koch in North and Central America (Araneae: Lycosidae). Journal of Arachnology 11: 1–30.

[F06] Framenau, V. W. 2006. The wolf spider genus Venatrix Roewer: new species, synonymies and generic transfers (Araneae, Lycosidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 23 (2): 145–166.

[J98] Jäger, P. 1998. Das Typenmaterial der Spinnentiere (Arachnida: Acari, Amblypygi, Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Scorpiones, Uropygi) aus dem Museum Wiesbaden. Jahrbuecher des Nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 119: 81–91.

[K55] Kraus, O. 1955. Spinnen von Korsika, Sardinien und Elba (Arach., Araneae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 371–394.

[MGK03] Marusik, Yu. M., E. F. Guseinov & S. Koponen. 2003. Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Azerbaijan. 2. Critical survey of wolf spiders (Lycosidae) found in the country with description of three new species and brief review of Palaearctic Evippa Simon, 1885. Arthropoda Selecta 12 (1): 47–65.

[PY07] Park, Y. C., J.-S. Yoo, M. P. Schwarz, N. Murphy & J.-P. Kim. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of east Asian wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) inferred from mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 100 (1): 1–8.

[PG08] Pétillon, J., & A. Garbutt. 2008. Success of managed realignment for the restoration of salt-marsh biodiversity: preliminary results on ground-active spiders. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 388–393.

[RKD02] Relys, V., S. Koponen & D. Dapkus. 2002. Annual differences and species turnover in peat bog spider communities. Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 416–424.

Olios

Olios argelasius, copyright Ferran Turmo Gort.

Belongs within: Sparassidae.

The genus Olios has long been used for a poorly defined assemblage of smaller huntsman spiders; the description given below refers to a more restricted grouping, but many species of uncertain affinities remain in the genus (Jäger & Kunz 2005).

Characters (from Jäger & Kunz 2005): Eye field relatively wide, eyes subequal; chelicerae with one or two anterior teeth, three to six distinctly separated posterior teeth, anterior and posterior teeth of similar size, cheliceral furrow without denticles; male embolus with characteristic distal coil, the latter often with appendage at base, tegular apophysis often present; female epigyne usually with longitudinal slit, slit rarely absent with only small part of median septum visible in posterior half of epigyne, anterior part of internal duct system membranous or little sclerotised.

<==Olios Walckenaer 1837 JK05
    |--*O. argelasius (Walckenaer 1805) RJ08
    |--O. algerianus Lucas 1846 E12
    |--O. auricomus Simon 1880 JK05
    |--O. barbarus Lucas 1846 E12
    |--O. claviger (Pocock 1901) JK05
    |--O. fasciculatus Simon 1880 JK05
    |--O. feldmanni Strand 1915 J98
    |--O. guineibius Strand 1910 S10
    |--O. guttipes (Simon 1897) [=Sparassus (Vindullus) guttipes] RJ08
    |--O. javensis Doleschall 1857 D57
    |--O. lamarcki (Latreille 1806) [=Thomisus lamarcki] K92
    |--O. lunula Doleschall 1857 D57
    |--O. malagassus Strand 1907 JK05
    |--O. malayanus Doleschall 1857 D57
    |--O. mygalinus Doleschall 1857 D57
    |--O. nossibeensis Strand 1907 JK05
    |--O. oraniensis Lucas 1846 E12
    |--O. pusillus Simon 1880 JK05
    |--O. rufilatus (Pocock 1899) JK05
    |--O. similis (Pickard-Cambridge 1890) [=Vindullus similis, Sparassus similis] RJ08
    |--O. stictopus (Pocock 1898) [=Sparassus (Vindullus) stictopus] RJ08
    |--O. testaceus Doleschall 1859 D59
    |--O. werneri (Simon 1906) JK05
    `--O. zonatus Doleschall 1859 D59

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D57] Doleschall, C. L. 1857. Bijdrage tot de kennis der Arachniden van den Indischen Archipel. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië, series 3, 3 (5–6): 399–434, pls 1–2.

[D59] Doleschall, C. L. 1859. Tweede Bijdrage tot de kennis der Arachniden van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandelingen der Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch Indie [Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae] 5 (5): 1–60, pls 1-18.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[J98] Jäger, P. 1998. Das Typenmaterial der Spinnentiere (Arachnida: Acari, Amblypygi, Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Scorpiones, Uropygi) aus dem Museum Wiesbaden. Jahrbuecher des Nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 119: 81–91.

[JK05] Jäger, P., & D. Kunz. 2005. An illustrated key to genera of African huntsman spiders (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (2): 163–213.

[K92] Karsch, F. 1892. Arachniden von Ceylon und von Minikoy gesammelt von den Herren Doctoren P. und F. Sarasin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 36 (2): 267–310.

[RJ08] Rheims, C. A., & P. Jäger. 2008. Revision of the Neotropical huntsman spider genus Vindullus Simon (Araneae, Sparassidae). Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 221–231.

[S10] Strand, E. 1910. Spinnentiere aus Neuguinea (Opiliones, Psechridae und Clubionidae) gesammelt von Dr. Schlaginhaufen. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königl. Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 13 (5): 1–16.

Sparassidae

Eusparassus dufouri, copyright Luis Nunes Alberto.

Belongs within: Dionycha.
Contains: Olios, Sparassinae, Heteropoda, Pseudopoda, Thelcticopis.

The Sparassidae, huntsman spiders, are a primarily tropical and subtropical group of sometimes large laterigrade spiders. Female sparassids possess a claw on the end of each palp (absent in the males); in members of the subfamily Heteropodinae, this claw bears long, curved ventral teeth that are shorter and/or uncurved in members of others subfamilies. Members of the subfamily Sparianthinae have the posterior teeth on the chelicerae distinctly smaller than the anterior teeth whereas members of other subfamilies have the anterior and posterior teeth similar in size (Jäger & Kunz 2005).

Characters (from Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2007): Medium-sized to very large; eight eyes present in two rows; cheliceral margins with rows of teeth; legs laterigrade, with two tarsal claws, soft trilobate membranes at apex of metatarsi; ecribellate; entelegyne.

<==Sparassidae [Eusparassidae, Heteropodidae, Heteropodoidae, Sparassides] R14
    |--+--Heteropodinae [Heteropodeae] J08
    |  |    |--Heteropoda R14
    |  |    |--Pseudopoda J08
    |  |    |--Yiinthi Davis 1994 J08
    |  |    |--Sinopoda J08
    |  |    |--Bhutaniella J08
    |  |    `--Martensopoda J08
    |  `--+--Polybetes Simon 1896 R14, JR08
    |     |    `--P. pythagoricus R14
    |     `--Eusparassinae [Eusparasseae] M54
    |          |--Cercetius Simon 1902 JK05
    |          |    `--*C. perezi Simon 1902 JK05
    |          `--Eusparassus Simon 1903 R14, JK05
    |               |--*E. dufouri Simon 1932 [=Sparassus dufouri] PL73
    |               `--E. walckenaeri R14
    `--Sparianthinae R14
         |--Thelcticopis J05
         |--Pseudosparianthis Simon 1887 J05
         |--Sparianthis Simon 1880 J05
         |--Pleorotus Simon 1898 J05
         |    `--*P. braueri Simon 1898 JK05
         |--Rhacocnemis Simon 1897 J05
         |    `--*R. guttatus (Blackwall 1877) JK05
         |--Stipax Simon 1898 J05
         |    `--*S. triangulifer Simon 1898 JK05
         |--Thomasettia Hirst 1911 J05
         |    `--*T. seychellana Hirst 1911 JK05
         `--Stasina Simon 1877 JK05
              |--*S. vittata Simon 1877 JK05
              |--S. americana K92
              |--S. manicata Simon 1897 JK05
              |--S. nalandica Karsch 1892 K92
              `--S. paripes [=Themeropis paripes] K92

Sparassidae incertae sedis:
  Olios JR08
  Leucorchestris Lawrence 1962 NHJ08
    |--*L. arenicola Lawrence 1962 [incl. L. kochi Lawrence 1965] NHJ08
    |--L. alexandrina Lawrence 1966 NHJ08
    |--L. sabulosa Lawrence 1966 NHJ08
    |--L. setifrons Lawrence 1966 NHJ08
    `--L. steyni Lawrence 1965 NHJ08
  Typostola magnifica B96
  Holconia [incl. Voconia (preoc.)] J99
    |--‘Voconia’ dolosa R96
    |--H. immanis (Koch 1867) JPV06 [=Isopeda immanis FF99, Voconia immanis R96]
    |--‘Voconia’ insignis R96
    `--H. vasta B96
  Isopeda Koch 1875 PVD10
    |--I. canberrana Hirst 1992 E07
    |--I. leishmani Hogg 1903 [=Isopoda (l. c.) leishmani] E07
    |--I. montana FF99
    |--I. vastata Strand 1907 J98
    `--I. villosa Koch 1875 PVD10
  Neosparassus MC13
    |--N. calligaster [=Olios calligaster] B96
    |--N. diana [=Olios diana] B96
    `--N. punctatus [=Olios punctatus] B96
  Isopedella Hirst 1990 PVD10
    |--I. conspersa (Koch 1875) [incl. Isopeda maculigastra Strand 1907, Isopedella maculigaster] J98
    |--I. pessleri (Thorell 1870) [=Isopeda pessleri] E07
    `--I. victorialis Hirst 1993 PVD10
  Palystella Lawrence 1928 JK05
    |--*P. sexmaculatus JK05
    |--‘Olios’ isongonis Strand 1915 J98
    |--P. namaquensis Lawrence 1938 JK05
    `--P. pallida Lawrence 1938 JK05
  Eodelena melanochelis (Strand 1913) [=Zachria melanochelis] J98
  Midamus Sim. 1880 T94
    `--M. lutescens Thorell 1894 T94
  Origes Simon 1897 JR08
    |--*O. pollens Simon 1897 JR08
    |--O. chloroticus Mello-Leitão 1945 JR08
    `--O. nigrovittatus (Keyserling 1880) [=Sparassus nigrovittatus, Olios nigrovittatus] JR08
  Prusias Pickard-Cambridge 1892 [incl. Ramnes Pickard-Cambridge 1892] JR08
    |--*P. nugalis Pickard-Cambridge 1892 JR08
    |--P. brasiliensis Mello-Leitão 1915 JR08
    |--P. lanceolatus Simon 1897 JR08
    `--P. semotus (Pickard-Cambridge 1892) [=*Ramnes semotus, Heteropoda simoni Bonnet 1957 (n. n.)] JR08
  Tibellomma Simon 1903 JR08
    `--*T. chazaliae (Simon 1898) [=Prusias chazaliae] JR08
  Paenula Simon 1897 JR08
    `--*P. paupercula Simon 1897 JR08
  Adcatomus Karsch 1880 JR08
  Chrosioderma Simon 1897 JR08
    |--*C. albidum Simon 1897 JK05
    `--C. ranomafana Silva-Dávila 2005 JK05
  Dermochrosia Mello-Leitão 1940 JR08
  Sparianthina Banks 1929 JR08
    `--S. selenopoides Banks 1929 JR08
  Remmius Simon 1897 JR08
    |--*R. vultuosus Strand 1907 JK05
    `--R. badius Roewer 1961 JK05
  Quemedice Mello-Leitão 1942 JR08
    |--Q. enigmaticus Mello-Leitão 1942 FM11
    `--Q. piracuruca Rheims, Labarque & Ramírez 2008 FM11
  Anaptomecus Simon 1903 JR08
  Arandisa Lawrence 1938 JK05
    `--*A. deserticola Lawrence 1938 JK05
  Staianus Simon 1889 JK05
    `--*S. acuminatus Simon 1889 JK05
  Carparachne Lawrence 1962 JK05
    |--*C. alba Lawrence 1962 JK05
    `--C. aureoflava Lawrence 1966 JK05
  Cebrennus Simon 1880 JK05
    |--*C. wagae JK05
    `--C. aethiopicus Simon 1880 JK05
  Parapalystes Croeser 1996 JK05
    |--*P. euphorbiae Croeser 1996 JK05
    |--P. cultrifer (Pocock 1900) JK05
    |--P. lycosinus (Pocock 1900) JK05
    `--P. whiteae (Pocock 1902) JK05
  Anchonastus Simon 1898 JK05
    |--*A. caudatus Simon 1898 JK05
    `--A. plumosus (Pocock 1899) JK05
  Barylestis Simon 1910 JK05
    |--*B. blaisei JK05
    |--B. fagei (Lessert 1929) [=Torania fagei] JK05
    |--B. montandoni Lessert 1929 [=Torania montandoni] JK05
    |--B. occidentalis (Simon 1887) [=Torania occidentalis] JK05
    |--B. scutatus (Pocock 1903) [=Torania scutata] JK05
    `--B. variatus (Pocock 1899) [=Torania variata] JK05
  Berlandia Lessert 1921 JK05
    |--*B. longipes Lessert 1921 JK05
    `--B. tenebricola Simon & Fage 1922 JK05
  Cerbalus Simon 1897 JK05
    |--C. ergensis JK05
    `--C. pulcherrimus (Simon 1880) (see below for synonymy) JK05
  Damastes Simon 1880 JK05
    `--*D. grandidieri JK05
  Gnathopalystes Rainbow 1899 JK05
    `--*G. ferox JK05
  Megaloremmius Simon 1903 JK05
    `--*M. leo Simon 1903 JK05
  Microrchestris Lawrence 1962 JK05
    |--*M. melanogaster Lawrence 1962 JK05
    `--M. scutatus Lawrence 1966 JK05
  Nisueta Simon 1880 JK05
    |--*N. quadrispilota Simon 1880 JK05
    `--N. kolosvaryi Caporiacco 1947 JK05
  Nonianus Simon 1885 JK05
    |--*N. pictus JK05
    `--N. unilateralis Strand 1908 J98
  Orchestrella Lawrence 1965 JK05
    `--*O. longipes JK05
  Panaretella Lawrence 1937 JK05
    |--*P. distincta (Pocock 1896) JK05
    |--P. immaculata Lawrence 1952 JK05
    |--P. minor Lawrence 1952 JK05
    |--P. scutata (Pocock 1902) JK05
    `--P. zuluana Lawrence 1937 JK05
  Pseudomicrommata Järvi 1914 JK05
    `--*P. longipes (Bösenberg & Strand 1895) JK05
  Sarotesius Pocock 1898 JK05
    `--*S. melanognathus Pocock 1898 JK05
  Rhitymna JK05
    |--R. hildebrandti Järvi 1914 JK05
    `--R. saccata Järvi 1912 JK05
  Stasinoides Berland 1922 JK05
    `--*S. aethiopica Berland 1922 JK05
  Irileka iridescens Hirst 1998 T13
  Zachria Koch 1875 H95
    |--Z. desiderabilis Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
    |--Z. flavicoma Koch 1875 H95
    |--Z. oblonga H95
    |--Z. peculiata Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
    `--Z. restincta Petrunkevitch 1958 S93
  Pandercetes Koch 1875 PVD10
    |--P. isopus S10
    `--P. peronianus (Walckenaer 1837) PVD10
  Adulatrix S93
    |--A. decumana (Koch & Berendt 1854) S93
    |--A. fusca Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
    |--A. parva Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
    `--A. rufa Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
  Caduceator S93
    |--C. minutus Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
    `--C. quadrimaculatus Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
  Collacteus captivus Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
  Eostaianus succini Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
  Eostasina aculeata Petrunkevitch 1942 S93
  Eoprychia succini Petrunkevitch 1958 S93
  Sparassinae RJ08
  Deleninae [Deleneae] J05
    |--Delena Walckenaer 1837 PVD10
    |    `--D. cancerides Walckenaer 1837 PVD10
    `--Pediana Simon 1880 [=Polydamna Thorell 1881] H89
         |--*P. regina (Koch 1875) [=Heteropoda regina, *Polydamna regina, Polydora (l. c.) regina] H89
         |--‘Polydamna’ aurichelis Strand 1907 H89
         |--P. horni (Hogg 1896) [=Isopeda horni] H89
         |--P. mainae Hirst 1995 H95
         |--P. occidentalis Hogg 1902 H95
         `--P. tenuis Hogg 1903 H89
  Veterator extinctus Petrunkevitch 1963 P92
  Tentabuna P92

Cerbalus pulcherrimus (Simon 1880) [incl. C. angustifrons Denis 1960, C. sahariensis Jézéquel & Junqua 1966] JK05

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B96] Brunet, B. 1996. Spiderwatch: A Guide to Australian Spiders. Reed New Holland: Sydney.

[E07] Elliott, M. G. 2007. Annotated catalogue of the Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) of Australia. Zootaxa 1428: 1–83.

[FF99] Forster, R., & L. Forster. 1999. Spiders of New Zealand and their World-wide Kin. University of Otago Press: Dunedin (New Zealand).

[FM11] Freire-Jr, G. de B., & P. C. Motta. 2011. Effects of experimental fire regimes on the abundance and diversity of cursorial arachnids of Brazilian savannah (cerrado biome). Journal of Arachnology 39 (2): 263–272.

[H89] Hirst, D. B. 1989. A revision of the genus Pediana Simon (Heteropodidae: Araneae) in Australia. Records of the South Australian Museum 23 (2): 113–126.

[H95] Hirst, D. B. 1995. Further studies on the Australian Heteropodidae (Araneae): a new species of Pediana Simon, and description of the male Zachria flavicoma L. Koch. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 52: 145–149.

[J98] Jäger, P. 1998. Das Typenmaterial der Spinnentiere (Arachnida: Acari, Amblypygi, Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Scorpiones, Uropygi) aus dem Museum Wiesbaden. Jahrbuecher des Nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 119: 81–91.

[J99] Jäger, P. 1999. Sparassidae—the valid scientific name for the huntsman spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen 17: 1–10.

[J05] Jäger, P. 2005. Seramba Thorell 1887 is a synonym of Thelcticopis Karsch 1884 (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae, Sparianthinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (1): 57–59.

[J08] Jäger, P. 2008. Revision of the huntsman spider genus Heteropoda Latreille 1804: species with exceptional male palpal conformations from southeast Asia and Australia (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 88 (2): 239–310.

[JK05] Jäger, P., & D. Kunz. 2005. An illustrated key to genera of African huntsman spiders (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (2): 163–213.

[JPV06] Jäger, P., B. Pathoumthong & V. Vedel. 2006. First record of the genus Pseudopoda Jäger 2000 in Laos with description of new species (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (2): 219–228.

[JR08] Jäger, P., & C. A. Rheims. 2008. On the genera Origes Simon 1897, Prusias O. Pickard-Cambridge 1892, Tibelloma Simon 1903 and Paenula Simon 1897 from South and Central America (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 88 (1): 29–39.

[K92] Karsch, F. 1892. Arachniden von Ceylon und von Minikoy gesammelt von den Herren Doctoren P. und F. Sarasin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 36 (2): 267–310.

[M54] Main, B. Y. 1954. Spiders and Opiliones. In: Willis, J. H. (ed.) The Archipelago of the Recherche pp. 37–53. Australian Geographical Society: Melbourne.

[NHJ08] Nørgaard, T., J. R. Henschel & P. Jäger. 2008. Nomenclatural mating: Leucorchestis kochi Lawrence 1965 is a synonym of Leucorchestis arenicola Lawrence 1962 (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 88 (1): 41–44.

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

[PL73] Platnick, N., & H. W. Levi. 1973. On family names of spiders. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 2 (8): 166–167.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[R96] Rainbow, W. J. 1896. Descriptions of some new Araneidae of New South Wales. No. 6. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 21 (3): 320–344, pls 18–20.

[R14] Ramírez, M. J. 2014. The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 390: 1–374.

[RJ08] Rheims, C. A., & P. Jäger. 2008. Revision of the Neotropical huntsman spider genus Vindullus Simon (Araneae, Sparassidae). Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 221–231.

[S93] Selden, P. A. 1993. Arthropoda (Aglaspidida, Pycnogonida and Chelicerata). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 297–320. Chapman & Hall: London.

[S10] Strand, E. 1910. Spinnentiere aus Neuguinea (Opiliones, Psechridae und Clubionidae) gesammelt von Dr. Schlaginhaufen. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königl. Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 13 (5): 1–16.

[T13] Taylor, C. K. 2013. Annotated bibliography for Barrow Island terrestrial invertebrates. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 135–144.

[T94] Thorell, T. 1894. Förteckning öfver Arachnider från Java och närgränsande öar, insamlade af docenten D:r Carl Aurivillius; jemte beskrifingar å några sydasiatiska och sydamerikanska Spindlar. Bihang till K. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 20 pt 4 (4): 1–63.

Last updated: 22 January 2022.

Pseudopoda

Pseudopoda sp., copyright SpiderYang.

Belongs within: Sparassidae.

Pseudopoda is a genus of huntsman spiders found at higher altitudes (above 1000 m) in southern Asia.

Characters (from Jäger 2000): Small to large, 5-27 mm. Colour yellow, yellow-brown or dark red-brown with dark pattern. Femora with spine patches. Abdomen dorsally usually with bright transverse band in posterior half, abdomen ventrally usually with dark patch in front of spinnerets. Male palp with membranous conductor, embolus broadened at least proximally, usually whole embolus broadened and flattened, tegulum as long as bulb, retrolateral tibial apophysis arising in a mesial or basal position. Female with epigynum with lateral lobes (and mostly copulatory ducts) rising distinctly beyond epigastric furrow posteriad and covering median septum.

<==Pseudopoda Jäger 2000 J08
    |--P. bibulba (Xu & Yin 2000) J08
    |--P. confusa Jäger, Pathoumthong & Vedel 2006 JPV06
    |--P. dao Jäger 2001 J08
    |--P. diversipunctata Jäger 2001 JPV06
    |--P. gemina Jäger, Pathoumthong & Vedel 2006 JPV06
    |--P. intermedia Jäger 2001 JPV06
    |--P. latembola Jäger 2001 JPV06
    |--P. lutea (Thorell 1895) JPV06
    |--P. marsupia (Wang 1991) JPV06
    |--P. martensi Jäger 2001 JPV06
    |--P. namkhan Jäger, Pathoumthong & Vedel 2006 JPV06
    |--P. parvipunctata Jäger 2001 J08
    |--P. prompta (Cambridge 1835) JPV06
    |--P. recta Jäger & Ono 2001 JPV06
    |--P. serrata Jäger & Ono 2001 JPV06
    |--P. shuqiangi Jäger & Vedel 2007 J08
    |--P. signata Jäger 2001 JPV06
    |--P. songi Jäger 2008 J08
    `--P. virgata (Fox 1936) JPV06

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Jäger, P. 2000. Two new heteropodine genera from southern continental Asia (Araneae: Sparassidae). Acta Arachnologica 49 (1): 61–71.

[J08] Jäger, P. 2008. Sparassidae from China 5. Pseudopoda songi sp. n. from Yunnan Province (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 88 (1): 45–48.

[JPV06] Jäger, P., B. Pathoumthong & V. Vedel. 2006. First record of the genus Pseudopoda Jäger 2000 in Laos with description of new species (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (2): 219–228.

Heteropoda

Banana spider Heteropoda venatoria, copyright Vaikoovery.

Belongs within: Sparassidae.

Heteropoda is a diverse genus of huntsman spiders found primarily in Asia and Australia, with a single cosmopolitan species H. venatoria.

Characters (from Jäger & Kunz 2005): Chelicerae with three anterior teeth, four posterior teeth, anterior and posterior teeth of similar size, cheliceral furrow with substantial number of denticles; male embolus running in flat semicircle with distal part resting in sheath-like conductor; female vulva with coils restricted to central part.

<==Heteropoda Latreille 1804 (see below for synonymy) J08
    |--*H. venatoria (Linnaeus 1767) JK05 [=Aranea venatoria R13; incl. A. regia Fab. 1793 R13, Heteropoda regia R13]
    |--H. altmannae Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. amphora Fox 1936 J08
    |--H. atriventris Chrysanthus 1965 J08
    |--H. belua Jäger 2005 J08
    |--H. boiei (Doleschall 1859) (see below for synonymy) J08
    |--‘Panaretus’ chelatus Strand 1910 [incl. P. c. var. vittichelis Strand 1910] S10
    |--H. christae Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. cooloola Davies 1994 J08
    |--H. crediton Davies 1994 J08
    |--H. dagmarae Jäger & Vedel 2005 J08
    |--H. davidbowie Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. distincta Davies 1994 J08
    |--H. duan Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. eluta Karsch 1892 K92
    |--H. ernstulrichi Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. erythra Chrysanthus 1965 J08
    |--H. fischeri Jäger 2005 J08
    |--H. goonaneman Davies 1994 J08
    |--H. graaflandi Strand 1907 J98
    |--H. helge Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. hermitis (Hogg 1914) T13
    |--H. hildebrandti Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. hillerae Davies 1994 J08
    |--H. hippie Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. hirsti Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. holzi Strand 1907 J98
    |--H. homstu Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. ignichelis (Simon 1880) [=Panaretus ignichelis] J08
    |--H. jacobii Strand 1910 S10
    |--H. jaegerorum Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. jasminae Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. javana (Simon 1880) [=Panaretus javanus] J08
    |--H. jugulans (Koch 1876) [=Sarotes jugulans] J08
    |--H. keyserlingi S10
    |--H. laai Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. laurae Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. listeri Pocock 1900 FT08
    |--H. loderstaedti Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. martinae Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. martusa Jäger 2000 J08
    |--H. maxima Jäger 2001 J08
    |--H. mecistopus Pocock 1898 J08
    |--H. meriani Jäger 2008 [=H. venatoria montana Merian 1911 non H. sumatrana var. montana Thorell 1890] J08
    |--H. mindiptanensis Chrysanthus 1965 J08
    |--H. montana Thorell 1890 [=H. sumatrana var. montana] J08
    |--H. monteithi Davies 1994 J08
    |--H. muscicapa Strand 1910 S10
    |--H. ninahagen Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. novaguineensis Strand 1910 S10
    |--H. onoi Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. pakawini Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. panaretiformis Strand 1906 J98
    |--H. parva Jäger 2000 J08
    |--H. pingtungensis Zhu & Tso 2006 J08
    |--H. planiceps (Pocock 1897) J08
    |--H. regalis (Roewer 1938) [=Pandercetes regalis] J08
    |--H. reinholdae Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. richlingi Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. robusta Fage 1924 J08
    |--H. rundle Davies 1994 J08
    |--H. schlaginhaufeni Strand 1910 S10
    |--H. schwalbachorum Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. silvatica Davies 1994 J08
    |--H. squamacea Wang 1990 [incl. H. bifurcata Wang et al. 2002] J08
    |--H. submaculata [incl. H. submaculata var. torricelliana Strand 1910] S10
    |--H. subtilis Karsch 1892 K92
    |--H. sumatrana Thorell 1890 J08
    |--H. tetrica Thorell 1897 J08
    |--H. thoracica (Koch 1845) [incl. Isopeda beccarii malangana Strand 1907] J98
    |--H. udolindenberg Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. uexkuelli Jäger 2008 J08
    |--H. umbrata Karsch 1892 K92
    |--H. variegata (Simon 1874) JK05
    |--H. willunga Davies 1994 J08
    `--H. zuviele Jäger 2008 J08

Heteropoda Latreille 1804 [incl. Adrastis Simon 1880, Panaretidius Simon 1906, Panaretus Simon 1880, Parhedrus Simon 1887, Torania Simon 1886] J08

Heteropoda boiei (Doleschall 1859) [=Sparassus boiei, Parhedrus boiei; incl. Adrastis atomaria Simon 1880, Heteropoda flavimana Simon 1880] J08

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[FT08] Framenau, V. W., & M. L. Thomas. 2008. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean): identification and distribution. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (1): 45–85.

[J98] Jäger, P. 1998. Das Typenmaterial der Spinnentiere (Arachnida: Acari, Amblypygi, Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Scorpiones, Uropygi) aus dem Museum Wiesbaden. Jahrbuecher des Nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 119: 81–91.

[J08] Jäger, P. 2008. Revision of the huntsman spider genus Heteropoda Latreille 1804: species with exceptional male palpal conformations from southeast Asia and Australia (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 88 (2): 239–310.

[JK05] Jäger, P., & D. Kunz. 2005. An illustrated key to genera of African huntsman spiders (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (2): 163–213.

[K92] Karsch, F. 1892. Arachniden von Ceylon und von Minikoy gesammelt von den Herren Doctoren P. und F. Sarasin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 36 (2): 267–310.

[R13] Rainbow, W. J. 1913. Arachnida from the Solomon Islands. Records of the Australian Museum 10 (1): 1–16.

[S10] Strand, E. 1910. Spinnentiere aus Neuguinea (Opiliones, Psechridae und Clubionidae) gesammelt von Dr. Schlaginhaufen. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königl. Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 13 (5): 1–16.

[T13] Taylor, C. K. 2013. Annotated bibliography for Barrow Island terrestrial invertebrates. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 135–144.