Neotrombicula

Neotrombicula autumnalis, copyright M. Klimes.

Belongs within: Trombiculidae.

Neotrombicula is a genus of chiggers in which larvae bear a roughly pentagonal scutum and flagelliform sensillae (Gould 1956).

Characters (from Gould 1956): Scutum roughly pentagonal; palpal claws usually trifurcate, axial prong internal; all coxae with a single seta each; leg III with mastitarsalae and mastifemoralae often present.

<==Neotrombicula Hirst 1925 H98
    |--*N. autumnalis (Shaw 1790) [=Acarus autumnalis] SB63
    |--N. antechinus (Womersley 1954) [=Trombicula antechinus] H98
    |--N. brennani (Gould 1956) [=Trombicula (Neotrombicula) brennani] G56
    |--N. browni [=Trombicula (Neotrombicula) browni] G56
    |--N. californica (Ewing 1942) [=Trombicula californica] G56
    |--N. cavicola (Ewing 1931) [=Trombicula cavicola, Eutrombicula cavicola] G56
    |--N. comata Domrow 1961 H98
    |--N. derricki (Womersley 1954) [=Trombicula derricki] H98
    |--N. dinehartae (Brennan & Wharton 1950) [=Trombicula (Neotrombicula) dinehartae] G56
    |--N. faghini Kudryashova in Kudryashova, Neronov & Farhang-Azad 1981 KNF-A81
    |--N. gemini Domrow 1971 H98
    |--N. greenlyi Domrow 1984 [incl. Trombicula gymnodactyla McCulloch 1946 (n. n.), Tragardhula gymnodactyla] H98
    |--N. harperi (Ewing 1928) (see below for synonymy) G56
    |--N. heptneri Kudryashova in Kudryashova, Neronov & Farhang-Azad 1981 KNF-A81
    |--N. jewetti (Brennan & Wharton 1950) [=Trombicula (Neotrombicula) jewetti] G56
    |--N. llogorensis KNF-A81
    |--N. mackayensis (Womersley 1954) [=Trombicula mackayensis] H98
    |--N. mofidii Kudryashova in Kudryashova, Neronov & Farhang-Azad 1981 KNF-A81
    |--N. novaehollandiae (Hirst 1929) [=Trombicula novaehollandiae] H98
    |--N. pentagona (Womersley 1952) [=Tragardhula pentagona, Trombicula pentagona] H98
    |--N. pomeranzevi S91
    |--N. pseudoautumnalis (Gould 1956) [=Trombicula (Neotrombicula) pseudoautumnalis] G56
    |--N. scorpionis WL09
    |--N. subsignata (Brennan & Wharton 1950) [=Trombicula (Neotrombicula) subsignata] G56
    |--N. subtilis Schluger & Kudryashova 1969 KNF-A81
    |--N. taimiensis Schluger 1955 KNF-A81
    |--N. thylogale (Womersley 1954) [=Trombicula thylogale] H98
    |--N. valenti Kudryashova in Kudryashova, Neronov & Farhang-Azad 1981 KNF-A81
    `--N. zachvatkini BC91

Neotrombicula harperi (Ewing 1928) [=Trombicula harperi, Eutrombicula harperi; incl. T. microti Ewing 1928, T. parkeri Radford 1942] G56

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BC91] Baker, G. T., & A. Chandrapatya. 1991. Fine structure of the chorion of the broak mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae). In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 325–328. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[G56] Gould, D. J. 1956. The larval trombiculid mites of California (Acarina: Trombiculidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 11 (1): 1–116.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[KNF-A81] Kudryashova, N. I., V. M. Neronov & A. Farhang-Azad. 1981. Chidders of genus Neotrombicula (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) from Iran. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 52 (1): 130–136.

[SB63] Schweizer, J., & C. Bader. 1963. Die Landmilben der Schweiz (Mittelland, Jura und Alpen): Trombidiformes Reuter, mit 217 Arten und Unterarten und 193 Originalzeichnungen. Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft [Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles] 84 (2): i–vi, 209–378.

[S91] Shatrov, A. B. 1991. The alveolar salivary glands of the active phases of trombiculid mites (Trombiculidae). In: Schuster, R., & P. W. Murphy (eds) The Acari: Reproduction, development and life-history strategies pp. 377–378. Chapman & Hall: London.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 233–420. Texas Tech University Press.

Eleutherengonides

Hoplocheylus sp., from Walter et al. (2009).

Belongs within: Prostigmata.
Contains: Raphignathoidea, Tetranychoidea, Cheyletoidea, Pterygosomatidae, Dolichocyboidea, Pygmephoroidea, Pyemotoidea, Tarsonemidae, Podapolipidae.

The Eleutherengonides are a group of mites in which the chelicerae have the fixed digit reduced or absent, with the movable digit hook-like or stylet;like and inserted apically or subapically on the closely contiguous or fused cheliceral bases. A palpal thumb-claw process is commonly present and the solenidia on leg tarsus I, if present, are erect (Walter et al. 2009).

<==Eleutherengonides [Eleutherengona, Eleutherengonina] DPD16
    |--Raphignathina [Raphignathae] WL09
    |    |--+--Raphignathoidea OW01
    |    |  `--+--Tetranychoidea OW01
    |    |     `--Cheyletoidea OW01
    |    `--Pterygosomatidae OW01
    `--Heterostigmata [Heterostigmae, Heterostigmatina, Tarsocheylina, Tarsonemida, Trachelostigmata] ZF11
         |  i. s.: Nasutiacarus Sidorchuk & Lindquist in Sidorchuk, Perrichot & Lindquist 2016 (see below for synonymy) SPL16
         |           `--*N. perplexus Sidorchuk & Lindquist in Sidorchuk, Perrichot & Lindquist 2016 SPL16
         |--Tarsocheylidae [Tarsocheyloidea] L86
         |    |--Tarsocheylus paradoxus WL09
         |    `--Hoplocheylus Atyeo & Baker 1964 S76
         |         |--H. atomarius NK94
         |         |--H. discalis Atyeo & Baker 1964 S76
         |         `--H. pickardi WL09
         `--+--Heterocheylus Lombardini 1926 H98 [Heterocheyletinae, Heterocheylidae L86, Heterocheyloidea]
            |    `--H. lombardinii Womersley 1960 H98
            `--Tarsonemina L86
                 |--Dolichocyboidea L86
                 `--+--+--Pygmephoroidea L86
                    |  `--+--Pyemotoidea L86
                    |     `--Tarsonemoidea WL09
                    |          |--Tarsonemidae L86
                    |          `--Podapolipidae WL09
                    `--Trochometridioidea WL09
                         |--Trochometridium Cross 1965 [Trochometridiidae] L86
                         |    |--T. chinensis WL09
                         |    `--T. tribulatum WP99
                         `--Athyreacaridae WL09
                              |--Athyreacarus pleiotretus WL09
                              `--Bembidiacarus [Bembidiacaridae] WL09

Eleutherengonides incertae sedis:
  Cloacaroidea ZF11
    |--Epimyodex WL09 [Epimyodicidae ZF11, Epimyodicinae]
    |    `--E. soricis WL09
    `--Cloacaridae ZF11
         |--Pneumophagus bubonis WP99
         |--Caminacarus theodori WL09
         |--Theodoracarus testudinis WL09
         |--Cloacarus faini WL09
         `--Emyduracarus Fain 1968 H98
              `--E. australis Fain 1968 H98

Nasutiacarus Sidorchuk & Lindquist in Sidorchuk, Perrichot & Lindquist 2016 [Nasutiacaridae, Nastuiacaroidea] SPL16

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DPD16] Dabert, M., H. Proctor & J. Dabert. 2016. Higher-level molecular phylogeny of the water mites (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Parasitengonina: Hydrachnidiae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 101: 75–90.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[L86] Lindquist, E. E. 1986. The world genera of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata): a morphological, phylogenetic, and systematic revision, with a reclassification of family-group taxa in the Heterostigmata. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 118 (S136): 1–517.

[OW01] Otto, J. C., & K. J. Wilson. 2001. Assessment of the usefulness of ribosomal 18S and mitochondrial COI sequences in Prostigmata phylogeny. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 100–109. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[S76] Shiba, M. 1976. Taxonomic investigation on free-living Prostigmata from the Malay Peninsula. Nature and Life in Southeast Asia 7: 83–229.

[SPL16] Sidorchuk, E. A., V. Perrichot & E. E. Lindquist. 2016. A new fossil mite from French Cretaceous amber (Acari: Heterostigmata: Nasutiacaroidea superfam. nov.), testing evolutionary concepts within the Eleutherengona (Acariformes). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 14 (4): 297–317.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 233–420. Texas Tech University Press.

[WP99] Walter, D. E., & H. C. Proctor. 1999. Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).

[ZF11] Zhang, Z.-Q., Q.-H. Fan, V. Pesic, H. Smit, A. V. Bochkov, A. A. Khaustov, A. Baker, A. Wohltmann, T. Wen, J. W. Amrine, P. Beron, J. Lin, G. Gabryś & R. Husband. 2011. Order Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 129–138.

Johnstonianidae

Johnstoniana sp., copyright Joanna Mąkol.

Belongs within: Parasitengonina.

The Johnstonianidae are a group of relatively large parasitengonine mites found in moist litter habitats, characterised by nude or sparsely barbed idionotal setae and the presence of a large ventral or lateral spine on the palptibia (Walter et al. 2009).

<==Johnstonianidae
    |  i. s.: Crossothrombium Womersley 1939 H98
    |           `--C. parkhousei Womersley 1939 H98
    |         Hirstithrombium Oudemans in Thor & Willmann 1947 H98
    |           `--H. australiense (Hirst 1928) [=Diplothrombium australiense, Johnstoniana australiense] H98
    |--Charadracarus K90 [Charadracarinae We91]
    |--Polydiscus [Polydiscinae] K90
    `--Johnstonianinae We91
         |--Centrotrombidium Kramer 1896 SB63
         |    |--*C. schneideri Kramer 1896 [incl. Diplothrombium walteri Schweizer 1922, C. walteri] SB63
         |    `--C. australasiae Womersley 1942 H98
         |--Diplothrombium Berlese 1910 SB63
         |    |--*D. longipalpe (Berlese 1887) [=Trombidium longipalpe] SB63
         |    |--D. eximium S22
         |    |--D. micidium WL09
         |    `--D. monoense WL09
         `--Johnstoniana George 1909 H98 [incl. Rohaultia Oudemans 1911 SB63]
              |--*J. errans (Johnston 1852) [=Rhyncholophus errans] SB63
              |--‘Rohaultia’ biungulum AL37
              |--J. dubiosa Schweizer 1951 SB63
              |--J. insignia (Berlese 1916) [=Diplothrombium eximium insignius; incl. D. longipes Schweizer 1922] SB63
              |--J. parva WWO01
              |--J. rapax WWO01
              |--J. tuberculata Schweizer 1951 [=J. tuberculatua] SB63
              |--J. ventripilosa Wi91
              `--J. vitzthumi Womersley 1939 H98

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AL37] André, M., & É. Lamy. 1937. Les Idées actuelles sur la Phylogénie des Acariens. Published by the author: Paris.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[K90] Kethley, J. 1990. Acarina: Prostigmata (Actinedida). In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 667–756. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[S22] Schweizer, J. 1922. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der terrestrischen Milbenfauna der Schweiz. Verhandl. Naturf. Ges. Basel 33: 23–112, 4 pls.

[SB63] Schweizer, J. & C. Bader. 1963. Die Landmilben der Schweiz (Mittelland, Jura und Alpen): Trombidiformes Reuter, mit 217 Arten und Unterarten und 193 Originalzeichnungen. Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft [Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles] 84 (2): i–vi, 209–378.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 233–420. Texas Tech University Press.

[We91] Welbourn, W. C. 1991. Phylogenetic studies of the terrestrial Parasitengona. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 163–170. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[Wi91] Witte, H. 1991. The phylogenetic relationships within the Parasitengonae. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 171–182. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[WWO01] Wohltmann, A., H. Witte & R. Olomski. 2001. Organismal patterns causing high potential for adaptive radiation in Parasitengonae (Acari: Prostigmata). In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 83–99. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

Myobiidae

Myobia murismusculi, copyright Daktaridudu.

Belongs within: Cheyletoidea.

The Myobiidae are a group of mites ectoparasitic on mammals, adapted for clinging to the hair of their host.

Characters (from Walter et al. 2009): Soft-bodied, dorsoventrally flattened mites with legs I with or without claws, shortened and modified for grasping hairs, immatures with ventral unpaired clasping organ on tarsus; legs II–IV with claws, but without empodia or tenent hairs; immatures with femora and genua fused on all legs; coxal seta 2a present; coxal fields vestigial. Prodorsum with four pairs of non-trichobothrial setae (vi, ve, si, se), idiosomatic shield and eyes absent. Chelicerae styliform, retractile within the gnathosomatic capsule, fused basally with each other and with the subcapitulum except at hypostomatic apex, remnant cheliceral seta (chb) or its alveolus present dorsally on capsule; palpi 2-segmented in adults, absent in immatures; gnathosoma of immatures proboscidiform. Female anal opening dorsal, separate from genital opening; male genito-anal opening dorsal, aedeagus typically elongate and generally directed forward. Dorsal lyrifissures (cupules) absent. With 5 active postembryonic instars: larva, protonymph, deutonymph, tritonymph, and adult.

<==Myobiidae [Myobioidea] WL09
    |--Xenomyobia [Xenomyobiinae] WL09
    |    `--X. hirsuta WL09
    |--Archemyobia [Archemyobiinae] WL09
    |    `--A. philander WL09
    |--Australomyobia Fain 1973 H98 [Australomyobiinae WL09]
    |    |--A. dasycercus Fain 1973 H98
    |    |    |--A. d. dasycercus H98
    |    |    `--A. d. antechinus Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
    |    |--A. dasyurus Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
    |    |--A. necopina (Domrow 1973) [=Archemyobia necopina] H98
    |    `--A. phascogale Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
    `--Myobiinae WL09
         |  i. s.: Radfordia Ewing 1938 E38
         |           |--*R. ensifera (Poppe 1896) [=Myobia ensifera; incl. M. ratti Skidmore 1934] E38
         |           |--R. affinis (Poppe 1896) [=Myobia affinis] H98
         |           |--R. australiana Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
         |           |--R. chiropteralis [=Myobia chiropteralis] E38
         |           |--R. ewingi (Fox 1937) E38, F37 [=Myobia ewingi E38]
         |           |--R. fanningi Domrow 1963 H98
         |           |--R. floridensis Ewing 1938 E38
         |           |--R. hornerae Domrow 1963 H98
         |           |--R. hydromys Fain 1991 H98
         |           |--R. inaequalis Ewing 1938 E38
         |           |--R. ingens [=Myobia ingens] E38
         |           |--R. latior Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
         |           |--R. lemnina (Koch 1841) [=Dermaleichus lemninus, Myobia lemnina] E38
         |           |--R. mastacomys Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
         |           |--R. notomys Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
         |           |--R. pseudomys Fain 1974 H98
         |           |--R. rollinati [=Myobia rollinati] E38
         |           |--R. subuliger Ewing 1938 E38
         |           |--R. trouessarti [=Myobia trouessarti] E38
         |           |--R. vesca Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
         |           `--R. zyzomys Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
         |         Amorphacarus Ewing 1938 E38
         |           `--*A. elongatus (Poppe 1896) [=Myobia elongata] E38
         |--Elephantulobiini WL09
         |--Protomyobia Ewing 1938 E38 [Protomyobiini WL09]
         |    `--*P. claparedei (Poppe 1896) [=Myobia claparedei] E38
         |--Myobia von Heyden 1826 H98 [Myobiini WL09]
         |    |--M. murismusculi (Schrank 1781) H98 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--M. brevihamata E38
         |    |--M. caudata Banks 1909 [incl. M. canadensis Banks 1909] E38
         |    |--M. longa Ewing 1938 E38
         |    |--M. otomyia Lawrence 1951 S69
         |    |--M. poppei E38
         |    `--M. simplex Ewing 1938 E38
         `--Acanthophthirius Perkins 1925 H98 [Acanthophthiriini WL09]
              |--A. acinipus Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
              |--A. alatus Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
              |--A. clarus (Womersley 1941) (see below for synonymy) H98
              |--A. intercalatus Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
              |--A. minimus (Womersley 1941) [=Myobia minima] H98
              `--A. womersleyi Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98

Myobiidae incertae sedis:
  Eudusbabekia phyllostomi K06
  Acrobatobia Fain & Lukoschus 1976 H98
    `--A. queenslandica Fain & Lukoschus 1976 H98
  Binuncus Radford 1954 H98
    |--B. fortis Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
    `--B. magnus (Radford 1934) [=Myobia magna, Neomyobia magna] H98
  Calcarmyobia Radford 1948 H98
    |--C. australasiae Fain & Lukoschus 1980 H98
    |--C. miniopteris (Womersley 1941) [=Myobia miniopteris] H98
    `--C. orianae Uchikawa 1985 H98
  Ewingana Radford 1952 H98
    `--E. bispinosa Radford 1952 H98
         |--E. b. bispinosa H98
         `--E. b. longispina Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
  Hipposiderobia Dusbábek 1968 H98
    |--H. ateri Uchikawa 1993 H98
    |--H. belli Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
    |--H. brevisetosa Uchikawa 1993 H98
    `--H. semoni Uchikawa 1993 H98
  Metabinuncus Fain 1972 H98
    `--M. ateri Uchikawa 1992 H98
  Pteracarus Jameson & Chow 1952 H98
    |--P. chalinolobus (Womersley 1941) [=Myobia chalinolobus, Radfordia chalinolobus] H98
    |--P. elegans BVP96
    |--P. microdorsalis Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
    `--P. miniopteri Uchikawa 1978 H98
  Pteropimyobia Fain 1973 H98
    `--P. pahangensis Fain 1973 H98
         |--P. p. pahangensis H98
         `--P. p. quinquedens Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
  Ugandobia Dusbábek 1968 H98
    `--U. australiensis Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98

Acanthophthirius clarus (Womersley 1941) [=Myobia clara, Binuncus clarus, Neomyobia clara, Radfordia clara] H98

Myobia murismusculi (Schrank 1781) H98 [=Pediculus murismusculi H98, *Myobia musculi E38, H98; incl. M. coarctata Heyden 1826 E38, M. musculina Gervais 1844 E38]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BVP96] Batalla, I. B., M. Vargas & O. J. Polaco. 1996. Arthropods associated with Myotis thysanodes Müller 1897, in San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Léon, México. In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 109–111. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[E38] Ewing, H. E. 1938. North American mites of the subfamily Myobiinae, new subfamily (Arachnida). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (7): 180–197.

[F37] Fox, I. 1937. A new cheyletid mite (Acarina) parasitic on the Carolina jumping mouse, Zapus hudsonius americanus (Barton). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 39 (8): 227–230.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[K06] Kwiecinski, G. G. 2006. Phyllostomus discolor. Mammalian Species 801: 1–11.

[S69] Steyskal, G. C. 1969. The mistreatment of the Latin genitive case in forming names of parasites. Systematic Zoology 18 (3): 339–342.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 233–420. Texas Tech University Press.

Agistemus

Agistemus collyerae, from PaDIL.

Belongs within: Raphignathoidea.

Agistemus is a genus of predatory stigmaeid mites with five shields, three unpaired and two paired, on the dorsum.

Characters (from Khanjani & Ueckermann 2002): Dorsum covered with two paired and three unpaired shields. Prodorsum with three pairs of setae and two pairs of eyes; median opisthosomal shield with five pairs of setae.

<==Agistemus Summers 1960 KU02
    |--*A. terminalis (Quale 1912) [=Caligonus terminalis] KU02
    |--A. africanus P01
    |--A. collyerae González-Rodríguez 1963 H98
    |--A. congolensis Gonzalez-Rodriguez 1965 S96
    |--A. denotatus WD91
    |--A. divisus WD91
    |--A. exsertus R01
    |--A. fleschneri G01
    |--A. floridanus VC07
    |--A. industani H07
    |--A. longisetus González-Rodrígiez 1963 H98
    |--A. macrommatus Gonzalez 1965 KU02
    `--A. novazelandiscus W99

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[G01] Gupta, S. K. 2001. A conspectus of natural enemies of phytophagous mites and mites as potential biocontrol agents of agricultural pests in India. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 484–497. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[H07] Haq, M. A. 2007. Coconut mite tragedy in peninsular India. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 427–432. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[KU02] Khanjani, M., & E. A. Ueckermann. 2002. The stigmaeid mites of Iran (Acari: Stigmaeidae). International Journal of Acarology 28 (4): 317–339.

[P01] Pringle, K. L. 2001. Biological control of tetranychid mites in South African apple orchards. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 429–435. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[R01] Rezk, H. A. 2001. The false spider mite, Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu (Acari: Tenuipalpidae): host-related biology, seasonal abundance, and control. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 291–294. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[S96] Swift, S. F. 1996. Biodiversity of raphignathoid mites in the Hawaiian islands (Acariformes: Prostigmata). In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 339–341. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[VC07] Villanueva, R. T., & C. C. Childers. 2007. Insect predators of eriophyids on Florida citrus including a new predacious Lepidoptera and two cecidomyiids. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 391–395. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[W99] Walter, D. E. 1999. Cryptic inhabitants of a noxious weed: mites (Arachnida: Acari) on Lantana camara L. invading forests in Queensland. Australian Journal of Entomology 38: 197–200.

[WD91] Walter, D. E., & H. A. Denmark. 1991. Use of leaf domatia on wild grape (Vitis munsoniana) by arthropods in central Florida. Florida Entomologist 74 (3): 440–446.

Sycocrinitidae

Reconstruction of Monobrachiocrinus granulatus, from Moore et al. (1978).

Belongs within: Cyathocrinida.

The Sycocrinitidae are a group of crinoids with a globular theca bearing a single arm, known from the Carboniferous and Permian periods (Moore et al. 1978).

Characters (from Moore et al. 1978): Theca with one arm-bearing radial; other radials present or absent, commonly unequal and reduced in size; infrabasals three; anal X plate absent; anal opening bounded by basals and radials, or by radials. Orals small, commonly not preserved.

Sycocrinitidae
    |--Sycocrinites Austin & Austin 1842 [=Sycocrinus Morris 1843] ML78
    |    `--*S. anapeptamenus Austin & Austin 1842 [=*Sycocrinus anapeptamenus] ML78
    |--Allosycocrinus Wanner 1924 ML78
    |    `--*A. pusillus Wanner 1924 ML78
    |--Metasycocrinus Wanner 1920 ML78
    |    `--*M. pyriformis (Rothpletz 1892) [=Hypocrinus pyriformis] ML78
    |--Parasycocrinus Marez Oyens 1940 ML78
    |    `--*P. fastigatepileatus Marez Oyens 1940 ML78
    `--Monobrachiocrinus Wanner 1916 ML78
         |--*M. ficiformis Wanner 1916 ML78
         |--M. granulatus ML78 [=M. ficiformis granulatus U78]
         `--M. oviformis BLWR78

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BLWR78] Brower, J. C., N. G. Lane & H. Wienberg Rasmussen. 1978. Postlarval ontogeny of fossil crinoids. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 1 pp. T244–T274. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[ML78] Moore, R. C., N. G. Lane, H. L. Strimple, J. Sprinkle & R. O. Fay. 1978. Inadunata. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 2 pp. T520–T759. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[U78] Ubaghs, G. 1978. Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 1 pp. T58–T216. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

Streblocrinidae

Posterior (above) and aboral views of Tytthocrinus inconsuetus, from Peck & Connelly (1951).

Belongs within: Cyathocrinida.

The Streblocrinidae are a group of armless crinoids known from the Middle Devonian to the Upper Permian (Moore et al. 1978).

Characters (from Moore et al. 1978): Theca typically composed of infrabasals, basals, and orals; abrachiate; radials and anal plate absent in all but most primitive genera; posterior oral commonly with hydropore and separating BC and DE orals; orals primitively above basals in interradial position, and anal opening on lower right side of posterior oral and upper right shoulder of CD basal.

Streblocrinidae
    |--Pentececrininae [Acariaiocrininae, Lageniocrininae] ML78
    |    |--Pentececrinus Koenig & Niewoehner 1959 ML78
    |    |    `--*P. parvus Koenig & Niewoehner 1959 ML78
    |    |--Clistocrinus Kirk 1937 [=Clithrocrinus Kirk 1937] ML78
    |    |    `--*C. pyriformis Kirk 1937 [=*Clithrocrinus pyriformis] ML78
    |    |--Lampadosocrinus Strimple & Koenig 1956 ML78
    |    |    `--*L. minutus (Peck 1936) [=Dichostreblocrinus minutus] ML78
    |    |--Neolageniocrinus Arendt 1970 ML78
    |    |    `--*N. shichanensis Arendt 1970 ML78
    |    |--Lageniocrinus deKoninck in deKoninck & LeHon 1854 ML78
    |    |    |--*L. seminulum deKoninck in deKoninck & LeHon 1854 ML78
    |    |    `--L. jacksoni ML78
    |    `--Acariaiocrinus Wanner 1924 [incl. Streptostomocrinus Yakovlev 1927] ML78
    |         |--*A. clavulus Wanner 1924 ML78
    |         `--‘*Streptostomocrinus’ caryophylloides Yakovlev 1927 ML78
    `--Streblocrininae [Pilidiocrininae] ML78
         |--Streblocrinus Koenig & Meyer 1965 ML78
         |    `--*S. brachiatus Koenig & Meyer 1965 ML78
         |--Atremacrinus Wanner 1929 ML78
         |    `--*A. calyculus Wanner 1929 ML78
         |--Coenocystis Girty 1908 [=Coencystis (l. c.)] ML78
         |    `--*C. richardsoni Girty 1908 ML78
         |--Dichostreblocrinus Weller 1930 ML78
         |    `--*D. scrobiculus Weller 1930 ML78
         |--Hemistreptacron Yakovlev 1926 ML78
         |    `--*H. abrachiatum Yakovlev 1926 ML78
         |--Pilidiocrinus Wanner 1937 ML78
         |    |--*P. permicus Wanner 1937 ML78
         |    `--P. hackeri U78
         `--Tytthocrinus Weller 1930 [incl. Octocrinus Peck 1936] ML78
              |--*T. comptus Weller 1930 ML78
              `--T. inconsuetus (Peck 1936) [=*Octocrinus inconsuetus] ML78

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[ML78] Moore, R. C., N. G. Lane, H. L. Strimple, J. Sprinkle & R. O. Fay. 1978. Inadunata. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 2 pp. T520–T759. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[U78] Ubaghs, G. 1978. Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 1 pp. T58–T216. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).