Verticordiidae

Verticordia deshayesiana, from Bishogai.com.

Belongs within: Pholadomyoida.

The Verticordiidae are a cosmopolitan group of small, usually deep-water bivalves with a heart-shaped to subquate shell with strongly incurved beaks.

Verticordiidae [Verticordioidea]
    |--Policordia diomedea Dall, Bartsch & Rehder 1938 MG-H11
    |--Manihikia erecta Kauffman 1976 SB93
    |--Haliris (Setaliris Iredale 1930) P61
    |    `--H. (*S.) setosa (Hedley 1907) [=Verticordia setosa] P61
    |--Euciroa Dall 1886 [Euciroidae] P61
    |    |--*E. elegantissima [=Verticordia elegantissima] P61
    |    |--E. delectabile Dell 1956 P61
    |    `--E. millegemmata (Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda 1952) MG-H11
    `--Verticordia H09
         |--V. australiensis Smith 1885 H09
         |--V. cardiiformis C64
         |--V. deshayesiana Fischer 1862 H09
         |--V. (Verticordia) ornata (Orbigny 1846) PP78 [incl. V. novemcostata C64]
         `--V. torrida Hedley 1906 H09

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[PP78] Poorman, F. L., & L. H. Poorman. 1978. Additional molluscan records from Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California Norte. Veliger 20 (4): 369–374.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[SB93] Skelton, P. W., & M. J. Benton. 1993. Mollusca: Rostroconchia, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 237–263. Chapman & Hall: London.

Cuspidariidae

Cuspidaria sp., from the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.

Belongs within: Pholadomyoida.

The Cuspidariidae are a group of carnivorous bivalves with an ovate, more or less posteriorly rostrate shell.

Cuspidariidae [Cuspidarioidea]
    |--Myonera MG-H11
    |--Pseudoneaera MG-H11
    |    |--P. trigonalis Tate 1897 MG-H11
    |    `--P. wellmani [=Cuspidaria (Pseudoneaera) wellmani] PG98
    |--Austroneaera Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--*A. brevirostris Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--A. finlayi Powell 1937 P61
    |    `--A. wellmani Fleming 1948 P61
    |--Cardiomya Adams 1864 P61
    |    |--*C. gouldiana [=Neaera gouldiana] P61
    |    |--C. bruuni Dell 1956 P61
    |    |--C. californica [=Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) californica] B56
    |    |--C. perrostrata WE63
    |    |--C. pinna (Verco 1908) MG-H11
    |    `--C. planetica Dall 1908 R78
    `--Cuspidaria Nardo 1840 P61
         |--*C. cuspidata [=Tellina cuspidata] P61
         |--C. abbreviata N00
         |--C. aupouria Dell 1950 P61
         |--C. brazieri (Smith 1885) [=Neaera brazieri] H09
         |--C. costellata N00
         |--C. fairchildi Suter 1908 P61
         |--C. fallax (Smith 1885) [=Neaera fallax] H09
         |--C. inflata (Sowerby 1827) F27 [=Nucula tenuis var. inflata U79, F27, Neaera inflata F27]
         |--‘Neaera inflata’ Jeffreys 1882 non Nucula inflata Sowerby 1827 F27
         |--C. kyushuensis Okutani 1962 MG-H11
         |--C. lamellosa F27
         |--C. latesulcata (Tenison Woods 1878) [=Neaera latesulcata] H09
         |--C. martini Finlay 1927 (see below for synonymy) F27
         |--C. morelandi Dell 1956 P61
         |--C. morioria Dell 1956 P61
         |--C. morrisae Poultiers & Bernard 1995 MG-H11
         |--C. prolatissima Poultiers 1981 MG-H11
         |--C. rostrata PC11
         |--C. trailli (Hutton 1873) P61
         |--C. triassica (Stoppani 1865) SB93
         `--C. willetti Fleming 1948 P61

Cuspidaria martini Finlay 1927 [=C. inflata Martin 1886 nec Nucula inflata Sowerby 1827 nec Neaera inflata Jeffreys 1882] F27

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B56] Berry, S. S. 1956. Mollusca dredged by the Orca off the Santa Barbara Islands, California, in 1951. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 46 (5): 150–157.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[N00] Norman, A. M. 1900. British Amphipoda: families Pontoporeidae to Ampeliscidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 326–346.

[PC11] Plazzi, F., A. Ceregato, M. Taviani & M. Passamonti. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of bivalve mollusks: ancient radiations and divergences as revealed by mitochondrial genes. PLoS One 6 (11): e27147.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[PG98] Probert, P. K., & S. L. Grove. 1998. Macrobenthic assemblages of the continental shelf and upper slope off the west coast of South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 28: 259–280.

[R78] Reid, R. G. B. 1978. The systematic, adaptive and physiological significance of proteolytic enzyme distribution in bivalves. Veliger 20 (3): 260–265.

[SB93] Skelton, P. W., & M. J. Benton. 1993. Mollusca: Rostroconchia, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 237–263. Chapman & Hall: London.

[U79] d'Urban, W. S. M. 1879. The Mollusca of Barents Sea, between Spitzbergen and Novaya Zemblia. Journal of Conchology 2: 88–94.

[WE63] Warmke, G. L., & D. S. Erdman. 1963. Records of marine mollusks eaten by bonefish in Puerto Rican waters. Nautilus 76 (4): 115–120.

Thraciidae

Thracia phaseolina, from here.

Belongs within: Pholadomyoida.

The Thraciidae are a group of usually deep water bivalves with a tightly closing shell found buried in mud or silt.

Thraciidae [Thracioidea] P61
    |--Parvithracia Finlay 1927 P61
    |    |--*P. suteri Finlay 1927 P61 [=Montacuta triquetra Suter 1913 non Verrill & Bush 1898 F27b, *P. triquetra P61]
    |    `--P. cuneata Powell 1937 P61
    |--Thraciopsis TW07
    |    |--T. angustata Angas 1867 TW07
    |    `--T. speciosa (Angas 1869) [=Thracia speciosa] H09
    |--Cyathodonta PP78
    |    |--C. dubiosa Dall 1915 PP78
    |    |--C. plicata [=Thracia plicata] C64
    |    |--C. semirugosa WE63
    |    `--C. undulata Conrad 1854 C64
    `--Thracia Blainville 1824 [incl. Eximiothracia Iredale 1924] P61
         |--*T. corbuloidea P61
         |--T. alciope Angas 1872 TW07
         |--T. convexa N79
         |--T. curta [incl. T. trapezoides] C64
         |--T. dissimilis G79
         |--T. distorta PC11
         |--T. haasti Woods 1917 [=Eximiothracia haasti] F27a
         |--T. mactropsis Conrad 1856 C64
         |--T. magna M. & M. 1921 [=Eximiothracia magna] F27a
         |--T. modesta Angas 1867 H09
         |--T. papyracea [=Tellina papyracea] J64
         |--T. phaseolina N79 [=Amphidesma phaseolina J64]
         |--T. pubescens BBB-S95
         |--T. septentrionalis Jeffreys 1872 [=T. truncata Mighels & Adams 1842 non Brown 1827] J49
         |--T. squamosa C64
         |--T. vegrandis M. & M. 1919 [=Eximiothracia vegrandis] F27a
         |--T. villosiuscula N79 [=Anatina villosiuscula J64, T. papyracea var. villosiuscula J64]
         `--T. vitrea (Hutton 1873) P61

Nomen nudum: Thracia obtusa Mighels 1841 J49

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BBB-S95] Boubezari, K., G. Bitar & D. Bellan-Santini. 1995. Structure et organisation de trois moulières (Mytilus galloprovincialis et Perna perna) de la région d’Alger. Mésogée 54: 63–72.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[G79] Guppy, R. J. L. 1879. First sketch of a marine invertebrate fauna of the Gulf of Paria and its neighbourhood. Part I.—Mollusca. Journal of Conchology 2: 151–172.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[J64] Jeffreys, J. G. 1864. The Upper Tertiary fossils at Uddevalla, in Sweden. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33 (Notices and Abstracts): 73–79.

[J49] Johnson, R. I. 1949. Jesse Wedgwood Mighels with a bibliography and a catalogue of his species. Occasional Papers on Mollusks 1 (14): 213–231.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[PC11] Plazzi, F., A. Ceregato, M. Taviani & M. Passamonti. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of bivalve mollusks: ancient radiations and divergences as revealed by mitochondrial genes. PLoS One 6 (11): e27147.

[PP78] Poorman, F. L., & L. H. Poorman. 1978. Additional molluscan records from Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California Norte. Veliger 20 (4): 369–374.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[TW07] Taylor, J. D., S. T. Williams, E. A. Glover & P. Dyal. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of heterodont bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Heterodonta): new analyses of 18S and 28S rRNA genes. Zoologica Scripta 36 (6): 587–606.

[WE63] Warmke, G. L., & D. S. Erdman. 1963. Records of marine mollusks eaten by bonefish in Puerto Rican waters. Nautilus 76 (4): 115–120.

Nemocardium

Nemocardium bechei, copyright James St. John.

Belongs within: Cardiidae.

Nemocardium is a genus of cockles with shells bearing a radial sculpture of narrow ribs, usually no wider than they are high, with the posterior ribs more prominent than those elsewhere on the shell, at least early in ontogeny (Schneider 2002).

<==Nemocardium
    |  i. s.: N. alatum (Suter 1917) [=Protocardia alata] F27
    |         N. centifilosum S59
    |         N. patulum (Hutton 1873) [=Cardium patulum, Protocardia patula; incl. P. sera Hutton 1873] F27
    |         N. semitectum Marwick 1926 F27
    |--N. (Nemocardium) S02
    |    |--*N. (N.) semiasperum [=Cardium semiasperum] F27
    |    `--N. (N.) bechei (Reeve 1847) S02
    `--N. (Pratulum Iredale 1924) P61
         |--N. (*P.) thetidis (Hedley 1902) P61, MG-H11 [=Cardium striatulum thetidis F27]
         |--‘Pratulum’ hemimeris (Tate 1887) [=Cardium hemimeris] DK08
         `--N. (P.) pulchellum (Gray 1843) P61 (see below for synonymy)

Nemocardium (Pratulum) pulchellum (Gray 1843) P61 [=Cardium pulchellum F27, Protocardia pulchella F27; incl. C. striatulum F27]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DK08] Darragh, T. A., & G. W. Kendrick. 2008. Silicified Eocene molluscs from the Lower Murchison district, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 24 (3): 217–246.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[S02] Schneider, J. A. 2002. Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves (cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and the importance of fossils in explaining disjunct biogeographical distributions. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 321–369.

[S59] Stohler, R. 1959. Range extensions of some west N. A. marines. Nautilus 72 (4): 127–130.

Cellana

Variegated limpets Cellana tramoserica, copyright John Turnbull.

Belongs within: Patellogastropoda.

Cellana is a tropical Indo-Pacific genus of limpets with a solid, strongly ribbed shell (Knight et al. 1960).

Characters (from Knight et al. 1960): Shell fairly solid, apex subcentral; radial ribs strong; interior brilliantly glazed.

<==Cellana Adams 1869 P61 [incl. Bertinia Jousseaume 1883 BR05, Helcioniscus Dall 1871 KC60; Bertinidae, Bertiniidae]
    |--C. capensis (Gmelin 1791) NO04
    `--+--+--C. toreuma (Reeve 1854) NO04
       |  `--+--C. pricei Powell 1973 NO04
       |     `--C. taitensis (Röding 1798) NO04
       `--+--+--C. orientalis (Pilsbry 1891) NO04
          |  `--+--C. grata (Gould 1859) NO04
          |     `--C. nigrolineata (Reeve 1854) NO04 [incl. *Bertinia bertinia Jousseaume 1883 BR05]
          `--+--C. testudinaria (Linnaeus 1758) NO04
             `--+--C. solida (Blainville 1825) NO04
                `--C. tramoserica (Holten 1802) NO04

Cellana incertae sedis:
  *C. cernica (Adams 1869) [=Nacella cernica] KC60
  C. ampla Lindberg & Hickman 1986 TTE93
  C. denticulata (Martyn 1784) P61
  C. ornata (Dillwyn 1817) P61
  C. radians (Gmelin 1791) P61 [=Helcioniscus radians F27; incl. Patella decora F27]
    |--C. r. radians P61
    |--C. r. flava (Hutton 1873) P61
    `--C. r. perana Iredlae 1915 P61
  C. radiata (Born 1778) BD86
  C. stellifera (Gmelin 1791) P61
    |--C. s. stellifera P61
    `--C. s. phymatius (Suter 1905) P61
  C. strigilis (Hombron & Jacquinot 1841) P61
    |--C. s. strigilis P61
    |--C. s. bollonsi Powell 1955 P61
    |--C. s. chathamensis (Pilsbry 1891) P61
    |--C. s. flemingi Powell 1955 P61
    |--C. s. oliveri Powell 1955 P61
    `--C. s. redimiculum (Reeve 1854) P61
  ‘Helcioniscus’ variegatus H15

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BD86] Barash, A., & Z. Danin. 1986. Further additions to the knowledge of Indo-Pacific Mollusca in the Mediterranean Sea (Lessepsian migrants). Spixiana 9 (2): 117–141.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[H15] Hedley, C. 1915. Presidential address. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 49 (1): 1–77, pls 1–7.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[NO04] Nakano, T., & T. Ozawa. 2004. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Molluscan Studies 70: 31–41.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

Patelloida

Star limpet Patelloida saccharina, copyright H. Zell.

Belongs within: Lottiidae.

Patelloida is an Indo-Pacific genus of limpets bearing a radially ribbed shell with strong colour markings (Knight et al. 1960).

Patelloida Quoy & Gaimard 1834 [Patelloididae, Patelloidinae, Patelloidini] BR05
    |--+--P. pygmaea (Dunker 1860) NO04
    |  |    |--P. p. pygmaea NO04
    |  |    `--P. p. conulus (Dunker 1861) NO04
    |  `--P. striata (Quoy & Gaimard 1834) NO04
    `--+--P. latistrigata (Angas 1865) NO04
       `--+--P. saccharina (Linnaeus 1758) NO04
          |    |--P. s. saccharina NO04
          |    `--P. s. lanx (Reeve 1855) NO04
          `--P. saccharinoides (Habe & Kosuge 1996) NO04

Patelloida incertae sedis:
  *P. rugosa Quoy & Gaimard 1834 [=Acmaea (*Patelloida) rugosa] KC60
  P. alticostata Angas 1865 C46
    |--P. a. alticostata C46
    |--P. a. antelia Iredale 1924 C46
    `--P. a. complanata Iredale 1924 C46
  P. corticata (Hutton 1880) P61
    |--P. c. corticata P61
    |--P. c. corallina Oliver 1926 P61
    `--P. c. pseudocorticata (Iredale 1908) P61
  P. hamiltonensis Chapman & Gabriel 1923 C46
  P. mimula E96
  P. nigrosulcata Reeve 1855 WG71
  P. tenuistriata (Michelin 1838) TTE93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[C46] Cotton, B. C. 1946. Australian limpets of the family Lottiidae. South Australian Naturalist 23 (4): 14–16, pl.

[E96] Eertman, R. H. M. 1996. Comparative study on gill morphology of gastropods from Moreton Bay, Queensland. Molluscan Research 17: 3–20.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[NO04] Nakano, T., & T. Ozawa. 2004. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Molluscan Studies 70: 31–41.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

[WG71] Wilson, B. R., & K. Gillett. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. A. H. & A. W. Reed: Sydney.

Micrelenchus

Micrelenchus sanguineus, copyright Natural History Museum Rotterdam.

Belongs within: Trochidae.

Micrelenchus is an Australasian genus of small top shells with a relatively low spire and the columellar fold evanescent or not apparent (Knight et al. 1960).

Micrelenchus Finlay 1926 DK08
    |  i. s.: M. dilatatus (Sowerby 1870) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |         M. huttoni (Smith 1876) P61 [=Cantharidus tenebrosus huttoni F27, M. tenebrosus huttoni F27]
    |         M. micans (Suter 1897) P61 [=Gibbula micans F27, Cantharidus micans F27]
    |         M. parcipictus Powell 1946 P61
    |         M. rufozonus (Adams 1853) P61 [=Cantharidus rufozonus F27]
    |         M. tenebrosus (Adams 1853) P61 [=Cantharidus tenebrosus F27]
    |--M. (Micrelenchus) P61
    |    |--*M. (M.) sanguineus (Gray 1843) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |--M. s. sanguineus P61
    |    |    `--M. s. cryptus Powell 1946 P61
    |    `--M. (M.) caelatus (Hutton 1884) P61 [=Cantharidus coelatus F27, M. sanguineus coelatus F27]
    |         |--M. c. caelatus P61
    |         |--M. c. archibenthicola Dell 1956 P61
    |         |--M. c. bakeri Fleming 1948 P61
    |         |--M. c. elongatus (Suter 1897) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |         |--M. c. morioria Powell 1933 P61
    |         `--M. c. mortenseni (Odhner 1924) P61 [=Gibbula mortenseni F27, M. sanguineus mortenseni F27]
    `--M. (Plumbelenchus Finlay 1926) DK08
         |--‘Cantharidus’ (*P.) capillaceus (Philippi 1848) P61 (see below for synonymy)
         |--M. (P.) armulatus Darragh & Kendrick 2000 DK08
         |--‘Cantharidus’ (P.) coruscans (Hedley 1916) P61 [=Photinula coruscans F27, Margarella coruscans F27]
         `--‘Cantharidus’ (P.) pruninus (Gould 1844) [=Trochus pruninus] KC60

Micrelenchus dilatatus (Sowerby 1870) P61 [=Cantharidus dilatatus F27; incl. Photinula suteri Smith 1894 F27, Gibbula suteri F27]

Micrelenchus (Micrelenchus) caelatus elongatus (Suter 1897) P61 [=Cantharidus sanguineus var. elongatus F27, M. sanguineus elongatus F27]

*Micrelenchus (Micrelenchus) sanguineus (Gray 1843) P61 [=Trochus sanguineus P61, Cantharidus (M.) sanguineus KC60; incl. C. oliveri Iredale 1915 F27, Micrelenchus oliveri P61]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DK08] Darragh, T. A., & G. W. Kendrick. 2008. Silicified Eocene molluscs from the Lower Murchison district, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 24 (3): 217–246.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Cantharidus

Opal top shell Cantharidus opalus, copyright Svenja Heesch.

Belongs within: Trochidae.

Cantharidus is a western Pacific genus of trochids with a smooth, sharp-spired shell known from the Miocene to the present (Knight et al. 1960).

Characters (from Knight et al. 1960): Spire tapering, surface nearly smooth; columellar fold and tooth weak or absent.

Cantharidus Montfort 1810 BR05 (see below for synonymy)
    |--C. (Cantharidus) P61
    |    |--C. (C.) opalus (Martyn 1784) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |--C. o. opalus P61
    |    |    `--C. o. cannoni Powell 1933 P61
    |    `--C. (C.) purpureus (Gmelin 1791) P61
    |--C. (Iwakawatrochus Kuroda & Habe 1954) KC60
    |    `--C. (*I.) vittatus (Pilsbry 1903) [=Gibbula vittata] KC60
    `--C. (Levella Marwick 1943) KC60
         `--C. (*L.) tersa (Marwick 1943) [=*Levella tersa] KC60

Cantharidus incertae sedis:
  ‘Elenchus’ badius H08
  C. cingulatus (Adams 1863) [=Leiopyrga cingulata] H09
  C. crenelliferus (Adams 1853) H09 [=Thalotia crenellifera H09; incl. Trochus artensis Fischer 1878 H08]
  C. exasperatus PP64
  C. fenestratus Suter 1917 F27
  C. marginatus (Ten.-Woods 1880) [=Thalotia marginata] H09
  C. pulcherrimus M54
  C. purpuratus (Martyn 1784) [=C. (Cantharidus) purpuratus] F27
  C. pyrgos [incl. C. moniliger Adams 1853] H08
  C. ramburi M54
  C. strigatus (Adams 1853) (see below for synonymy) H08
  C. suturalis (Adams 1853) [=Thalotia suturalis] H09

Cantharidus Montfort 1810 BR05 [=Canthiridus (l. c.) BR05, Cantharidium Schaufuss 1869 KC60, Cantharis Férussac 1821 non Linnaeus 1758 KC60, Elenchus Swainson 1840 non Curtis 1831 KC60]

Cantharidus strigatus (Adams 1853) [=Thalotia strigata; incl. Trochus baudini Fischer 1878, Th. mundula Adams & Angas 1864] H08

Cantharidus (Cantharidus) opalus (Martyn 1784) P61 [=Limax opalus KC60; incl. Trochus iris Gmelin 1791 KC60, *Cantharidium iris KC60, *Cantharidus iris P61, *Elenchus iris KC60, E. splendidulus Swainson 1840 H08]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[H08] Hedley, C. 1908. Studies on Australian Mollusca. Part X. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 456–489, pls 7–10.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[M54] Macpherson, J. H. 1954. Molluscs (sea shells and snails). In: Willis, J. M. (ed.) The Archipelago of the Recherche pp. 55–63. Australian Geographical Society: Melbourne.

[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Zediloma

Zediloma digna, copyright Auckland War Memorial Museum.

Belongs within: Trochidae.

Zediloma is a New Zealand genus of trochids with a subglobose to conical, spirally sculpted shell.

Zediloma Finlay 1927 P61
    |--Z. (Zediloma) P61
    |    |--*Z. (Z.) digna Finlay 1927 P61
    |    `--Z. (Z.) arida Finlay 1927 P61 [=Diloma arida HS01]
    `--Z. (Fractarmilla Finlay 1927) P61
         |--Z. (*F.) corrosa (Adams 1853) P61 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--Z. c. corrosa P61
         |    `--Z. c. zebrina Powell 1946 P61
         |--Z. (F.) atrovirens (Philippi 1851) P61 [=Monodonta atrovirens F27, Diloma atrovirens CH97]
         |--Z. (F.) morio (Troschel 1851) [=Monodonta morio] F27
         |--‘Monodonta’ rudis [incl. M. melanoloma] F27
         |--‘Monodonta’ striolata [incl. M. concamerata] F27
         `--Z. (F.) subrostrata (Gray 1835) P61 [=Monodonta subrostrata F27, Diloma subrostrata HS01]

Zediloma (*Fractarmilla) corrosa (Adams 1853) P61 [=Labio corrosa P61, Diloma (*Fractarmilla) corrosa KC60, Monodonta corrosa F27; incl. Zediloma plumbea Hutton 1883 P61]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CH97] Castro, P., & M. E. Huber. 1997. Marine Biology 2^nd ed. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Margarella

Smooth pink snail Margarella violacea, copyright Gonzalo Bravo.

Belongs within: Vetigastropoda.

Margarella is a genus of small marine gastropods with a thin, globose, nearly smooth shell found around New Zealand and Antarctica (Knight et al. 1960).

<==Margarella Thiele 1893 P61 [=Margaritella Thiele in Troschel 1891 non Meek & Hayden 1860 KC60; Margarellinae]
    |  i. s.: M. antipoda (Hombron & Jaquinot 1854) P61 [incl. Chrysostoma rosea F27]
    |         M. fulminata (Hutton 1873) P61 [=Chrysostoma fulminata F27, Gibbula fulminata F27]
    |         M. hinemoa Powell 1955 P61
    |         M. macquariensis Hedley 1916 P61
    |         M. puysegurensis Powell 1939 P61
    |         M. rosea (Hutton 1873) [incl. M. decepta Iredale 1908] P61
    |         M. turneri Powell 1939 P61
    |--M. (Margarella) KC60
    |    |--*M. (M.) expansa (Sowerby 1838) BR17 (see below for synonymy)
    |    `--M. (M.) violacea P61 [=Margarita violacea F27]
    |--M. (Promargarita Strebel 1908) KC60
    |    `--M. (*P.) tropidophoroides (Strebel 1908) [=Margarites tropidophoroides] KC60
    `--M. (Submargarita Strebel 1908) KC60
         `--M. (*S.) impervia (Strebel 1908) [=Margarites impervia] KC60

*Margarella (Margarella) expansa (Sowerby 1838) BR17 [=Margarita expansa BR17, *Margaritella expansa KC60, Trochus expansus KC60]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Skeneidae

Cirsonella consobrina, copyright Auckland War Memorial Museum.

Belongs within: Vetigastropoda.
Contains: Brookula (Brookula).

The Skeneidae are a group of small marine gastropods with a porcelaneous, usually widely umbilicate shell (Knight et al. 1960).

<==Skeneidae [Delphinoideinae, Skeneadae, Skeneinae]
    |--Morchia Adams 1860 F27a
    |--Dikoleps Höisaeter 1968 H92
    |--Tharsiella Bush 1897 [=Porcupinia Cossmann 1900 non Haeckel 1887, Porcupina (l. c.), Tharsis Jeffreys 1883] KC60
    |    `--*T. romettensis (Seguenza ex Granata 1877) (see below for synonymy) KC60
    |--Philorene Oliver 1915 KC60
    |    `--*P. texturata Oliver 1915 KC60
    |--Haplocochlias Carpenter 1864 KC60
    |    `--*H. cyclophoreus Carpenter 1864 KC60
    |--Dillwynella Dall 1889 KC60
    |    `--*D. modesta Dall 1889 KC60
    |--Kaawatina Bartrum & Powell 1928 KC60
    |    `--*K. turneri Bartrum & Powell 1928 KC60
    |--Leucorhynchia Crosse 1867 KC60
    |    `--*L. caledonica Crosse 1867 KC60
    |--Munditiella Kuroda & Habe 1954 KC60
    |    `--*M. ammonoceras (Adams 1863) [=Cyclostrema ammonoceras] KC60
    |--Norrisella Cossmann 1888 KC60
    |    `--*N. pygmaea (Deshayes 1863) [=Turbo pygmaea] KC60
    |--Pakistania Eames 1952 KC60
    |    `--*P. antirotata Eames 1952 KC60
    |--Pondorbis Bartsch 1915 KC60
    |    `--*P. alfredensis Bartsch 1915 KC60
    |--Pygmaerota Habe 1958 KC60
    |    `--*P. duplicata (Lischke 1872) [=Cyclostrema duplicatum] KC60
    |--Rhodinoliotia Tomlin & Shackleford 1915 KC60
    |    `--*R. roseotincta (Smith 1871) [=Cyclostrema roseotinctum] KC60
    |--Tiburnus deGregorio 1890 (see below for synonymy) KC60
    |    `--T. eborea (Conrad 1833) [=Natica eborea; incl. Turbo naticoides Lea 1833, *Tiburnus naticoides] KC60
    |--Delphinoidea Brown 1827 BR17 [=Delphionoidea Brown 1844 KC60]
    |    `--*D. unispiralis (Montagu 1803) [=Helix unispiralis] BR17
    |--Lophocochlias Pilsbry 1921 KC60 [incl. Aqabarella Alhejoj, Bandel & Al-Najjar 2016 (n. n.) BR17; Aqabarellidae]
    |    |--*L. minutissimus (Pilsbry 1921) KC60 [=Haplocochlias minutissimus KC60; incl. Aqabarella pulchella BR17]
    |    `--L. procerus Rubio & Rolán 2015 [incl. *Aqabarella urdunensis Alhejoj, Bandel & Al-Najjar 2016 (n. n.) BR17
    |--Callomphala Adams & Angas 1864 F27a, BR05 [Callomphalidae]
    |    |--*C. lucida (Adams & Angas 1864) [=Neritula lucida] BR17
    |    `--C. globosa Hedley 1901 H09
    |--Leptogyra Bush 1897 KC60
    |    |--*L. verrilli Bush 1897 KC60
    |    `--L. alaskana Bartsch 1910 O27
    |--Dolicrossea Iredale 1924 [=Doliocrossea (l. c.)] KC60
    |    |--*D. labiata (Tenison-Woods 1876) KC60 [=Crossea labiata P61]
    |    `--D. vesca Finlay 1927 P61
    |--Conjectura Finlay 1927 KC60
    |    |--*C. glabella (Murdoch 1905) [=Crossea glabella] P61
    |    |--C. atypica Powell 1937 P61
    |    `--C. carinata Powell 1940 P61
    |--Parviturbo Pilsbry & McGinty 1945 MASC88
    |    |--*P. rehderi Pilsbry & McGinty 1945 KC60
    |    |--P. insularis Rolán 1988 BC01
    |    `--P. stearnsii (Dall 1918) PP78
    |--Daronia Adams 1861 KC60
    |    |--*D. (Daronia) spirula (Adams 1850) [=Cyclostrema spirula] KC60
    |    `--D. (Eudardonia Cotton 1945) KC60
    |         `--D. (*E.) taffaensis (Verco 1909) [=Cyclostrema taffaensis] KC60
    |--Tubiola Adams 1863 KC60
    |    |--*T. (Tubiola) nivea (Gmelin 1791) [=Turbo niveus] KC60
    |    `--T. (Partubiola Iredale 1936) KC60
    |         `--T. (*P.) blancha (Iredale 1936) [=*Partubiola blancha] KC60
    |--Lissotestella Powell 1946 KC60
    |    |--*L. tenuilirata (Powell 1931) [=Lissotesta tenuilirata] P61
    |    |--L. cookiana Dell 1956 P61
    |    |--L. rissoaformis (Powell 1931) P61
    |    `--L. tryphenensis (Powell 1931) P61
    |--Lodderena Iredale 1924 KC60
    |    |--*L. minima (Tenison-Woods 1878) KC60 [=Liotia minima P61]
    |    |--L. formosa Powell 1930 P61
    |    `--L. nana Powell 1930 P61
    |         |--L. n. nana P61
    |         `--L. n. pooki Fleming 1940 P61
    |--Lodderia Tate 1899 [incl. Cyclostremella Tate 1898 non Bush 1897] KC60
    |    |--*L. lodderae (Petterd 1884) KC60 [=Liotia lodderae P61]
    |    |--L. eumorpha (Suter 1908) P61 [=Cyclostrema eumorpha F27a, Elachorbis eumorpha F27a]
    |    |    |--L. e. eumorpha P61
    |    |    `--L. e. cookiana (Dell 1952) P61
    |    `--L. waitemata Powell 1940 P61
    |--Ganesa Jeffreys 1883 KC60
    |    |--*G. (Ganesa) pruinosa Jeffreys 1883 KC60
    |    |--G. (Granigyra Dall 1889) KC60
    |    |    `--G. (*G.) limata (Dall 1889) [=Cyclostrema limatum] KC60
    |    `--G. (Lissospira Bush 1897) KC60
    |         `--G. (*L.) proxima (Tryon 1888) [=Cyclostrema proximum] KC60
    |--Skenea Fleming 1825 BR05
    |    |--*S. serpuloides (Montagu 1808) [=Helix serpuloides, Delphinoidea serpuloides] KC60
    |    |--S. andersoni Janssen 1978 TTE93
    |    |--S. nitida [incl. S. laevis] J64
    |    |--S. planorbis N79
    |    |--S. radiostriata Janssen 1978 TTE93
    |    `--S. verreauxii C64
    |--Crossea Adams 1865 [=Crosseia Fischer 1885] KC60
    |    |--*C. miranda Adams 1865 KC60
    |    |--C. biconica Hedley 1902 H09
    |    |--C. gatliffi Hedley 1902 H09
    |    |--C. inverta Hedley 1907 H09
    |    |--C. minuta Petterd 1884 [=Fossarus minutus non Michaud 1827] F27b
    |    |--C. parvula Tenison-Woods 1879 F71
    |    `--C. striata Watson 1883 H09
    |--Liotella Iredale 1915 KC60
    |    |--*L. polypleura (Hedley 1904) P61 [=Liotia polypleura P61, Brookula (*Liotella) polypleura KC60]
    |    |--L. aupouria Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--L. incerta F27a
    |    |--L. indigens Finlay 1927 P61
    |    |--L. mackenae Dell 1956 P61
    |    |--L. neozelanica (Suter 1908) F27a
    |    |--L. rotula (Suter 1908) P61
    |    `--L. rotuloides Powell 1937 P61
    |--Brookula Iredale 1912 S98 [incl. Vetulonia Dall 1913 KC60; Brookulidae]
    |    |--B. (Brookula) P61
    |    |--B. (Aequispirella Finlay 1924) P61
    |    |    |--B. (*A.) corulum (Hutton 1884) [=Scalaria corulum] P61
    |    |    |--B. (A.) enderbyensis Powell 1931 P61
    |    |    |--B. (A.) finlayi Powell 1933 P61
    |    |    |--B. (A.) iredalei Finlay 1924 F27a
    |    |    `--B. (A.) tenuilirata Finlay 1924 F27a
    |    `--B. (Liocarinia Laseron 1954) KC60
    |         `--B. (*L.) disjuncta (Hedley 1903) [=Liotia disjuncta] KC60
    |--Lissotesta Iredale 1915 KC60
    |    |--*L. micra (Tenison-Woods 1877) KC60 [=Cyclostrema micra P61]
    |    |--L. ambigua Dell 1956 P61
    |    |--L. aupouria Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--L. benthicola Powell 1927 P61
    |    |--L. bicarinata Powell 1940 P61
    |    |--L. caelata Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--L. conoidea Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--L. consobrina Powell 1940 P61
    |    |--L. decipiens Powell 1940 P61
    |    |--L. errata Finlay 1927 P61
    |    |--L. exigua (Suter 1917) [=Lissospira exigua] F27a
    |    |--L. granum (Murdoch & Suter 1906) P61 [=Cirsonella granum F27a]
    |    |--L. oblata Powell 1940 P61
    |    `--L. otagoensis Dell 1956 P61
    `--Cirsonella Angas 1877 KC60
         |--*C. australis Angas 1877 P61
         |--C. accelerans Fleming 1948 P61
         |--C. consobrina Powell 1930 P61
         |--C. cubitale Hedley 1907 H09
         |--C. densilirata Suter 1908 P61
         |--C. laevis (Johnston 1880) [=Adeorbis laevis] F27b
         |--C. laxa Powell 1937 P61
         |--C. paradoxa Powell 1937 P61
         |--C. parvula Powell 1926 P61
         |--C. pisiformis Powell 1937 P61
         |--C. propelaxa Dell 1956 P61
         |--C. simplex Powell 1937 P61
         |--C. variecostata Powell 1940 P61
         |--C. waikukuensis Powell 1937 P61
         `--C. weldii (Tenison-Woods 1877) [=Cyclostrema weldii] H09

*Tharsiella romettensis (Seguenza ex Granata 1877) [=Oxystele romettensis, *Porcupinia romettensis, *Tharsis romettensis] KC60

Tiburnus deGregorio 1890 [incl. Platychilus Cossmann 1888 non Jakolev 1874, Simochilus Harris & Burrows 1891] KC60

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[H92] Herbert, D. G. 1992. Revision of the Umboniinae in southern Africa and Mozambique (Mollusca: Prosobranchia: Trochidae). Annals of the Natal Museum 33 (2): 379–459.

[J64] Jeffreys, J. G. 1864. Report of the committee appointed for exploring the coasts of Shetland by means of the dredge. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 70–81.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[MASC88] McLean, J. H., R. S. Absalão & R. L. dos Santos Cruz. 1988. A new species of Macrarene (Turbinidae: Liotiinae) from Brazil. Nautilus 102 (3): 99–101.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 3. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[PP78] Poorman, F. L., & L. H. Poorman. 1978. Additional molluscan records from Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California Norte. Veliger 20 (4): 369–374.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[S98] Stilwell, J. D. 1998. Late Cretaceous Mollusca from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Alcheringa 22 (1): 29–85.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

Colloniinae

Homalopoma sanguineum, copyright H. Zell.

Belongs within: Vetigastropoda.

The Colloniinae are a group of small gastropods characterised by a periumbilical cord (Monari et al. 1996).

Characters (from Monari et al. 1996): Phaneromphalous base with periumbilical cord, carina or ridge formed by small enlarged part of otherwise simple or slightly thickened peristome. Angulation on protoconch whorl and/or opisthocline lineation on teleoconch rarely appear. Operculum (where known) calcareous.

<==Colloniinae [Colloniini, Homalopomatinae, Homalopomatini] BR05
    |--Bakonyia Szabó 1981 MCS96
    |--Coanollonia Woodring 1928 KC60
    |    `--*C. ambla Woodring 1928 KC60
    |--Cyniscella Cossmann 1888 KC60
    |    `--*C. cornupastoris (Lamarck 1804) [=Cyclostoma cornupastoris] KC60
    |--Gelasinostoma Gardner 1947 KC60
    |    `--*G. elegantulum (Dall 1892) [=Collonia elegantula] KC60
    |--Otomphalus Cossmann 1902 KC60
    |    `--*O. dumasi Cossmann 1902 KC60
    |--Anadema Adams & Adams 1854 KC60
    |    `--*A. caelata (Adams 1854) [=Omphalius caelata] KC60
    |--Leptocollonia Powell 1951 [incl. Cynisca Adams & Adams 1854 non Gray 1844] KC60
    |    `--*L. thielei Powell 1951 KC60
    |--Rangimata Marwick 1928 KC60
    |    `--*R. pervia Marwick 1928 KC60
    |--Tipua Marwick 1943 KC60
    |    `--*T. tricincta (Marshall 1919) [=Submargarita tricincta] KC60
    |--Vexinia Cossmann 1918 KC60
    |    `--*V. crassa (Baudon 1853) [=Delphinula crassa] KC60
    |--Otollonia Woodring 1928 KC60
    |    |--*O. siderea (Guppy 1896) [=Liotia siderea] KC60
    |    `--O. fricki (Crosse 1865) [=Arene (Otollonia) fricki] PP78
    |--‘Bothropoma’ Thiele 1924 non Wagner 1908 [Bothropomatinae] BR05
    |    |--*B. isseli Thiele 1924 BR17
    |    `--B. rubrostriatum Rolán, Rubio & Fernández-Garcés 1997 BC01
    |--Cantrainea Jeffreys 1883 [=Cantraineia Fischer 1885] KC60
    |    |--*C. peloritanum (Cantraine 1835) [=Turbo peloritanus, Homalopoma (*Cantrainea) peloritanum] KC60
    |    `--C. panamense (Dall 1908) H84
    |--Cirsochilus Cossmann 1888 KC60
    |    |--*C. (Cirsochilus) striatum (Lamarck 1804) [=Delphinula striata] KC60
    |    `--C. (Claibornia Palmer 1937) KC60
    |         `--C. (*C.) lineatum (Lea 1933) [=Turbo lineata] KC60
    |--Charisma Hedley 1915 KC60
    |    |--*C. (Charisma) compacta Hedley 1915 KC60
    |    |--C. (Cavostella Laseron 1954) KC60
    |    |    `--C. (*C.) radians Laseron 1954 KC60
    |    `--C. (Cavotera Laseron 1954) KC60
    |         `--C. (*C.) simplex Laseron 1954 KC60
    |--Argalista Iredale 1915 KC60
    |    |--*A. fluctuata (Hutton 1883) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--A. crassicostata (Murdoch 1905) P61
    |    |--A. micans Powell 1931 P61
    |    |--A. nana Finlay 1930 P61
    |    |--A. rotella Powell 1937 P61
    |    |--A. umbilicata Powell 1926 P61
    |    `--A. variecostata Powell 1937 P61
    |--Collonia Gray 1850 BR05
    |    |--*C. (Collonia) marginata (Lamarck 1804) KC60 [=Delphinula marginata KC60, Turbo marginatus C64]
    |    |--C. (Bonnetella Cossmann 1908) [incl. Bonnetia Cossmann 1907 non Robineau-Desvoidy 1830] KC60
    |    |    `--C. (*B.) planispira (Cossmann 1907) [=Bonnetia planispira] KC60
    |    |--C. (Circulopsis Cossmann 1902) KC60
    |    |    `--C. (*C.) megalomphalus Cossmann 1902 KC60
    |    |--C. (Heniastoma Cossmann 1918) KC60
    |    |    `--C. (*H.) flammulata Cossmann 1888 KC60
    |    `--C. (Parvirota Cossmann 1902) KC60
    |         `--C. (*P.) rotatoria (Deshayes 1863) [=Turbo rotatorius] KC60
    |--Leptothyra Pease 1869 KC60
    |    |--*L. costata Pease 1869 KC60
    |    |--L. bacula Carpenter 1864 O27
    |    |--L. carpenteri Pilsbry 1888 O27
    |    |--L. grippi Dall 1911 O27
    |    |--L. juanensis Dall 1919 O27
    |    |--L. laeta (Montrouzier 1863) [=Turbo laetus] H09
    |    |--L. lurida Dall 1885 O27
    |    |--L. morini Viader 1951 L96
    |    |--L. nanina (Souverbie 1864) [=Turbo naninus] H09
    |    `--L. paucicostata Dall 1871 O27
    |         |--L. p. paucicostata O27
    |         `--L. p. fenestrata Bartsch 1919 O27
    `--Homalopoma Carpenter 1864 BR05 [incl. Leptonyx Carpenter 1864 non Swainson 1833 KC60]
         |  i. s.: ‘Leptonyx’ bacula Carpenter 1864 C64
         |         H. carpenteri (Pilsbry 1888) H84
         |--*H. (Homalopoma) sanguineum (Linnaeus 1758) KC60 (see below for synonymy)
         |--H. (Boutillieria Cossmann 1888) [incl. Otaulax Cossmann 1888] KC60
         |    `--H. (*B.) eugeni (Deshayes 1863) [=Turbo eugeni] KC60
         |--H. (Collonista Iredale 1918) KC60
         |    `--H. (*C.) pictum (Pease 1868) KC60 [=Collonia picta KC60, *Collonista picta F27]
         |--H. (Eutinochilus Cossmann 1918) [=Homalochilus Cossmann 1892 non Fischer 1856] KC60
         |    `--H. (*E.) miliaris (Cossmann 1892) [=Collonia miliaris] KC60
         |--H. (Leptothyropsis Woodring 1928) KC60
         |    `--H. (*L.) philipianum (Dall 1889) [=Leptothyra philipiana] KC60
         `--H. (Phanerolepida Dall 1907) KC60
              `--H. (*P.) transenna (Watson 1879) [=Turbo transenna] KC60

*Argalista fluctuata (Hutton 1883) P61 [=Cyclostrema fluctuatum P61, Homalopoma (*Argalista) fluctuatum KC60; incl. Argalista fluctuata var. immaculata (Suter 1908) F27]

*Homalopoma (Homalopoma) sanguineum (Linnaeus 1758) KC60 [=Turbo sanguineus KC60, Leptonyx sanguineus C64; incl. T. coccineus C64]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[H84] Hickman, C. S. 1984. Implications of radular tooth-row functional integration for archaeogastropod systematics. Malacologia 25 (1): 143–160.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[L96] Loch, I. 1996. Notice: R. Viader collection. Molluscan Research 17: 110.

[MCS96] Monari, S., M. A. Conti & J. Szabó. 1996. Evolutionary systematics of Jurassic Trochoidea: the family Colloniidae and the subfamily Proconulidae. In: Taylor, J. D. (ed.) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca pp. 199–204. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 3. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[PP78] Poorman, F. L., & L. H. Poorman. 1978. Additional molluscan records from Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California Norte. Veliger 20 (4): 369–374.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Brookula (Brookula)

Brookula benthicola, copyright Te Papa Tongarewa.

Belongs within: Skeneidae.

The type subgenus of the genus Brookula is a south Pacific group of minute gastropods with inflated, glassy shells bearing a blunt spire and spiral sculpture on the interspaces between ribs.

<==Brookula Iredale 1912 (Brookula) S98
    |--*B. (B.) stibarochila Iredale 1912 S98
    |--B. (B.) annectens Powell 1937 P61
    |--B. (B.) benthicola Dell 1956 P61
    |--B. (B.) contigua Powell 1940 P61
    |--B. (B.) endodonta Finlay 1924 F27
    |--B. (B.) fossilis Finlay 1924 [=B. (Aequispirella) fossilis] F27
    |--B. (B.) funiculata Finlay 1924 F27
    |--B. (B.) lincta Powell 1940 P61
    |--B. (B.) prognata Finlay 1927 P61
    `--B. (B.) pukeuriensis Finlay 1924 F27

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[S98] Stilwell, J. D. 1998. Late Cretaceous Mollusca from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Alcheringa 22 (1): 29–85.

Cyclostrema

Cyclostrema cancellatum, copyright Bailey-Matthews National Shell Museum.

Belongs within: Liotiidae.

Cyclostrema is a circum-tropical genus of marine gastropods with a depressed or lenticular shell ornamented by axial varices (Knight et al. 1960).

Cyclostrema Marryatt 1818 BR05 [incl. Pseudoliotina Cossmann 1925 KC60]
    |  i. s.: C. baldridgae Bartsch 1911 O27
    |         C. basistriatum Jeffreys in Friele 1873 [=C. basistriata; incl. C. peterseni Friele 1876] N79
    |         C. diegensis Bartsch 1907 O27
    |         C. helicoides H86
    |         C. miranda Bartsch 1911 O27
    |         C. nitens N79
    |         ‘Liotia’ sensuyi Vidal 1921 [=*Pseudoliotina sensuyi] KC60
    |         C. serpuloides N79
    |         C. trochoides Jeffreys in Friele 1875 N79
    |--*C. (Cyclostrema) cancellatum Marryat 1818 KC60
    `--C. (Munditia Finlay 1927) P61
         |--C. (*M.) tryphenensis (Powell 1925) [=Liotina tryphenensis] P61
         |--C. (M.) anomala Powell 1940 P61
         |--C. (M.) aupouria Powell 1937 P61
         |--‘Munditia’ australis [=Liotia australis] F27
         |--C. (M.) delicatula Powell 1940 P61
         |--C. (M.) echinata Powell 1937 P61
         |--C. (M.) manawatawhia Powell 1937 P61
         |--C. (M.) owengaensis Powell 1933 P61
         |--C. (M.) serrata (Suter 1908) P61 [=Liotia serrata F27, Angaria serrata F27]
         |--‘Munditia’ subquadrata [=Liotia subquadrata] F27
         |--C. (M.) suteri (Mestayer 1919) P61 [=Liotia suteri F27]
         `--‘Munditia’ tasmanica [=Liotia tasmanica] F27

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[H86] Hutton, F. W. 1886. The Mollusca of the Pareora and Oamaru systems of New Zealand. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 205–237.

[J64] Jeffreys, J. G. 1864. The Upper Tertiary fossils at Uddevalla, in Sweden. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33 (Notices and Abstracts): 73–79.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 3. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

Tugali

Tugali elegans, copyright Shaun Lee.

Belongs within: Fissurellidae.

Tugali is an Indo-Pacific and Antarctic genus of slit limpets with an entire, recurved apex (Knight et al. 1960).

Characters (from Knight et al. 1960): Surface radiate-cancellate; apex entire, posterior, recurved; margin crenulate within, sinuate anteriorly.

<==Tugali Gray in Dieffenbach 1843 DK10 [=Tugalia Gray 1847 KC60]
    |--T. (Tugali) KC60
    |    |--*T. (T.) elegans Gray 1843 P61
    |    `--T. (T.) parmophoidea (Quoy & Gaimard 1834) [=Emarginula parmophoidea] KC60
    `--T. (Parmophoridea Wenz 1938) [incl. Parmaphorella Strebel 1907 non Matthew 1886] KC60
         `--T. (*P.) antarctica (Strebel 1907) [=Tugalia antarctica] KC60

Tugali incertae sedis:
  T. cicatricosa DK10
  T. cinerea [incl. T. intermedia] F27
  T. colvillensis Finlay 1927 P61
  T. crassireticulata (Pritchard 1896) F27
  ‘Parmophorus’ intermedius S79
  T. navicula Finlay 1926 F27
  T. pliocenica Finlay 1926 F27
  T. stewartiana Powell 1939 P61
  T. suteri Thiele 1916 P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |--T. s. suteri P61
    `--T. s. sutherlandi Fleming 1948 P61

Tugali suteri Thiele 1916 P61 [=Emarginula (Tugalia) suteri F27; incl. T. suteri bascauda Hedley 1916 P61, F27, Tugalia bascauda F27]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DK10] Darragh, T. A., & G. W. Kendrick. 2010. Eocene molluscs from the Merlinleigh Sandstone, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 26 (1): 23–41.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[S79] Smith, E. A. 1879. Notes on the species of the genus Scutus. Journal of Conchology 2: 252–264.