Ciidae

Cis boleti, copyright Francisco Welter-Schultes.

Belongs within: Tenebrionoidea.

The Ciidae are a group of beetles that mostly feed as both larvae and adults on basidiomycete fruiting bodies though some may feed on rotting vegetation (Lawrence & Britton 1991).

Characters (from Lawrence & Britton 1991): Elongate and subcylindrical or moderately flattened to ovate and globose beetles, subglabrous or clothed with decumbent and/or erect hairs or bristles. Head more or less deflexed, usually with distinct frontoclypeal ridge which may be produced in male to form a plate or paired tubercles or horns. Antenna with eight to ten segments, two- or three-segmented club large and loose with well-developed, multipronged sensoria; maxillae with reduced lobes and fusiform palps; pronotum large, sometimes with anterior plate or paired horns in male; fore coxae transverse or projecting, trochantin concealed; fore coxal cavities externally and internally open; mid coxal cavities contiguous, laterally open; tibiae almost always lacking spurs and with spines along outer edge; fore tibia often with acute tooth or comb of spines at apex; tarsi quadramerous; abdomen with five ventrites, all free, ventrite 1 often with setose fovea in male. Larvae elongate, subcylindrical, lightly sclerotised with variable armature (usually paired, hook-like urogomphi) on T9 and pygopod-like 10th segment. Antennae very short, with long sensorium arising from near base of terminal segment; mandible often with acute, hyaline process at base; maxilla with reduced, subapical lacinial lobe.

Ciidae [Ciinae, Cioidae, Cisidae] B14
    |--Xylographus LB91
    |--Orthocis LB91
    |--Sphindocis MW15
    |--Octotemnus B14
    |    |--O. dilutipes B70
    |    `--O. mandibularis (Gyllenhal 1813) B14
    `--Cis Latreille 1802 L02
         |--*C. boleti [=Anobium boleti] L02
         |--C. bilamellatus LB91
         |--C. cervus LB91
         |--C. cribratus Lucas 1846 E12
         |--C. flavipes Lucas 1846 E12
         |--C. jacquemarti K98
         |--C. punctulatus Lucas 1846 E12
         `--C. tricornis (Gorham 1883) B14

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[B70] Britton, E. B. 1970. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 495–621. Melbourne University Press.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[K98] Klimov, P. B. 1998. A new tribe of acarid mites of the subfamily Rhizoglyphinae (Acariformes, Acaridae). Far Eastern Entomologist 59: 1–19.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[MW15] McKenna, D. D., A. L. Wild, K. Kanda, C. L. Bellamy, R. G. Beutel, M. S. Caterino, C. W. Farnum, D. C. Hawks, M. A. Ivie, M. L. Jameson, R. A. B. Leschen, A. E. Marvaldi, J. V. McHugh, A. F. Newton, J. A. Robertson, M. K. Thayer, M. F. Whiting, J. F. Lawrence, A. Ślipiński, D. R. Maddison & B. D. Farrell. 2015. The beetle tree of life reveals that Coleoptera survived end-Permian mass extinction to diversify during the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution. Systematic Entomology 40 (4): 835–880.