Arionoidea

Carolina mantleslug Philomycus carolinianus, copyright Andrew Cannizzaro.

Belongs within: Heterobranchia.
Contains: Arion.

The Arionoidea are a group of slugs and semislugs characterised by an aulacopod foot (surrounded by a supra-pedal groove) and odontognath (ribbed) jaw (Hausdorf 1998). A small shell is present in Binneya and Anostomopsis; other arionoids are shell-less. In members of the family Philomycidae, the mantle covers nearly the entire dorsum of the animal and is only very shortly or not free anteriorly; in other families, the mantle is either extensively free anteriorly or covers only part of the animal's dorsum (Burch & Pearce 1990).

<==Arionoidea [Arionidea, Arionoidei, Arionoinei, Endodontinia]
    |--Anadenus Heynemann 1863 [Anadenidae, Anadeninae] BR05
    |    `--*A. giganteus Heynemann 1863 BR17
    |--Anastomopsis Sandberger 1871 [=Anostomopsis (l. c.); Anastomopsidae, Anostomopsidae] BR05
    |    `--*A. rotellaris (Mathéron 1832) [=Helix rotellaris] BR17
    |--Binneya Cooper 1863 [Binneyidae, Binneyinae] BR05
    |    |--*B. notabilis Cooper 1863 BR17
    |    `--B. guadelupensis BP90
    |--Ariolimacidae BR05
    |    |--Ariolimax Mörch 1859 [Ariolimacinae] BR05
    |    |    |--*A. columbianus (Gould 1851) BR17 [=Limax columbianus BR17, L. (Amalia) columbianus C64]
    |    |    `--A. californicus S77
    |    `--Zacoleus Pilsbry 1903 [Zacoleinae] BR05
    |         |--*Z. idahoensis Pilsbry 1903 BR17
    |         `--Z. lyrata BP90
    |              |--Z. l. lyrata BP90
    |              `--Z. l. russelli BP90
    |--Philomycidae [Togata] BR05
    |    |--Tebennophorus Binney 1842 [Tebennophoridae, Tebennophorinae] BR05
    |    |    `--*T. caroliniensis (Bosc 1819) [=Limax caroliniensis] BR17
    |    |--Pallifera Morse 1864 BP90
    |    |    |--P. dorsalis BP90
    |    |    |--P. fosteri H68
    |    |    |--P. hemphilli BP90
    |    |    |--P. marmorea H68
    |    |    |--P. mutabilis H68
    |    |    |--P. ragsdalei B68
    |    |    `--P. secreta H68
    |    |--Megapallifera Hubricht 1956 BP90
    |    |    |--M. ragsdalei BP90
    |    |    `--M. wetherbyi BP90
    |    `--Philomycus Rafinesque 1820 [Philomycina, Philomycinae] BR05
    |         |--*P. flexuolaris Rafinesque 1820 BR17 [=P. carolinianus flexuolaris D63]
    |         |--P. batchi Branson 1968 B68
    |         |--P. bisdosus Branson 1968 F89
    |         |--P. carolinianus Bosc 1802 F89 [incl. P. carolinianus lividus H68]
    |         |--P. togatus Gould 1841 F89
    |         |--P. venustus Hubricht 1953 F89
    |         `--P. virginicus B68
    `--Arionidae [Arconidae] SS10
         |--Arion SS10
         |--Craterarion pachyostracon Taylor 1954 TTE93
         |--Geomalacus indifferens (Boettger 1911) TTE93
         |--Tetraspis Hagenmüller 1885 [Tetraspididae] BR05
         |    `--*T. letourneuxi Hagenmüller 1885 BR17
         |--Anadenulus Cockerell 1890 BP90
         |    `--A. cockerelli BP90
         |--Hemphillia Bland & Binney 1872 BP90
         |    `--H. dromedaria BP90
         |--Hesperarion Simroth 1891 BP90
         |    `--H. niger BP90
         |--Magnipelta Pilsbry 1953 BP90
         |    `--M. mycophaga Pilsbry 1953 BK63
         `--Prophysaon Bland & Binney 1873 BP90
              `--P. foliolatum BP90

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[B68] Branson, B. A. 1968. Two new slugs (Pulmonata: Philomycidae: Philomycus) from Kentucky and Virginia. Nautilus 81 (4): 127–133.

[BK63] Brunson, R. B., & N. Kevern. 1963. Observations of a colony of Magnipelta. Nautilus 77 (1): 23–27.

[BP90] Burch, J. B., & T. A. Pearce. 1990. Terrestrial Gastropoda. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 201–309. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[D63] Dimelow, E. J. 1963. Mollusks from hardwoods of the Chigneto Isthmus. Nautilus 77 (1): 21–23.

[F89] Fairbanks, H. L. 1989. The reproductive anatomy and taxonomic status of Philomycus venustus Hubricht, 1953 and Philomycus bisdosus Branson, 1968 (Pulmonata: Philomycidae). Nautilus 103 (1): 20–23.

[H68] Hubricht, L. 1968. The land snails of Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky. Nautilus 82 (1): 24–28.

[S77] Senseman, D. M. 1977. Neurobehavioral studies on feeding in the terrestrial slug Ariolimax californicus. Veliger 20 (1): 56–57.

[SS10] Stanisic, J., M. Shea, D. Potter & O. Griffiths. 2010. Australian Land Snails vol. 1. A. field guide to eastern Australian species. Bioculture Press: Mauritius.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

Last updated: 17 August 2021.