Medullosales

Frond of Neuropteris, copyright Gunnar Ries.

Belongs within: Lignophyta.

The Medullosales are a group of seed ferns known from the late Early Carboniferous to the Permian, generally reconstructed with an unbranching trunk crowned by fronds. At least some genera demonstrate dimorphism in leaf structure, with orbicular 'Cyclopteris' leaves borne on basal parts of the trunk giving way to the pinnate fronds at the crown (Shute & Cleal 2002).

<==Medullosales
    |--Cyclopteris Brongniart 1828 SC02
    |--Odontopteris Brongniart 1828 SC02
    |--Reticulopteris muensteri SC02
    |--Lescuropteris genuina SC02
    |--Blanzyopteris praedentata SC02
    |--Quaestora FC07
    |--Macroneuropteris SC02
    |    |--M. macrophylla SC02
    |    `--M. scheuchzeri SC02
    |--Alethopteris SC02
    |    |--A. decurrens SC02
    |    `--A. lonchitica A38
    |--Laveineopteris Cleal et al. 1990 SC02
    |    |--L. loshii SC02
    |    |--‘Cyclopteris’ orbicularis Brongniart 1831 SC02
    |    |--L. piesbergensis SC02
    |    |--L. rarinervis SC02
    |    `--L. tenuifolia SC02
    `--Neuropteris Brongniart 1828 SC02
         |--N. eriana A38
         |--N. flexuosa R79
         |--N. gigantea ZP86
         |--N. heterophylla (Brongniart) Sternberg 1825 SC02
         |--N. obliqua SC02
         |--N. ovata SC02
         |--N. praedentata H75
         |--N. rarinervis R79
         |--N. selwyni [incl. N. schlehani] A38
         |--N. shaoguangensis ZP86
         `--N. tenuifolia R79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A38] Alcock, F. J. 1938. Geology of Saint John region, New Brunswick. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 216: 1–65.

[FC07] Friis, E. M., P. R. Crane, K. R. Pedersen, S. Bengtson, P. C. J. Donoghue, G. W. Grimm & M. Stampanoni. 2007. Phase-contrast X-ray microtomography links Cretaceous seed with Gnetales and Bennettitales. Nature 450: 549–552.

[H75] Häntzschel, W. 1975. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea Suppl. 1. Trace Fossils and Problematica 2^nd ed. The Geological Society of America: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[R79] Ross, C. A. 1979. Carboniferous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A254–A290. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[SC02] Shute, C. H., & C. J. Cleal. 2002. Ecology and growth habit of Laveineopteris: a gymnosperm from the Late Carboniferous tropical rain forests. Palaeontology 45 (5): 943–972.

[ZP86] Zhang, R., & J. Pojeta Jr. 1986. New bivalves from the Datang Stage, Lower Carboniferous, Guangdong Province, China. Journal of Paleontology 60 (3): 669–679.

Chitinozoa

Conochitina emmastensis, copyright Valdek Mikli.

Belongs within: Eukaryota.

The Chitinozoa are a group of flask-shaped, organic-walled microfossils known from the mid-Palaeozoic. The affinities of chitinozoans are uncertain; it has been suggested that they may represent the eggs of invertebrates such as worms or mollusks rather than mature, independent organisms.

<==Chitinozoa
    |--Sphaerochitina Eisenack 1955 WBN02
    |--Lagenochitina Eisenack 1931 WBN02
    |--Spinachitina Schallreuter 1963 WBN02
    |--Angochitina longicollis Eisenack 1959 WBN02
    |--Calpichitina densa (Eisenack 1962) WBN02
    |--Margachitina margaritana (Eisenack 1937) WBN02
    |--Cyathochitina Eisenack 1955 WBN02
    |    `--C. campanulaeformis BU02
    |--Euconochitina WBN02
    |    |--E. alargada Cramer 1967 WBN02
    |    |--E. edjelensis (Taugourdeau 1963) WBN02
    |    `--E. elongata (Taugourdeau 1963) WBN02
    `--Conochitina WBN02
         |--C. emmastensis Nestor 1982 WBN02
         |--C. praeproboscifera Nestor 1994 WBN02
         |--C. proboscifera Eisenack 1937 WBN02
         `--C. tuba Eisenack 1932 WBN02

Nomina nuda: Conochitina malleus van Grootel 1990 WBN02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BU02] Bates, D. E. B., & A. Urbanek. 2002. The ultrastructure, development, and systematic position of the graptolite genus Mastigograptus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (3): 445–458.

[WBN02] Won, M.-Z., R. B. Blodgett & V. Nestor. 2002. Llandoverian (Early Silurian) radiolarians from the Road River Formation of east-central Alaska and the new family Haplotaeniatumidae. Journal of Paleontology 76 (6): 941–964.

Capitata

Branching fire coral Millepora alcicornis, copyright Nick Hobgood.

Belongs within: Hydrozoa.
Contains: Tubulariida.

The Capitata are a group of hydrozoans united by the possession of stenotele nematocysts and capitate tentacles (ending in knobs) on the polyps or filiform tentacles in separated whorls (Daly et al. 2007).

<==Capitata
    |  i. s.: Boeromedusidae DB07
    |         Halimedusidae DB07
    |         Pennariidae DB07
    |         Polyorchidae DB07
    |         Zancleopsidae DB07
    |         Scrippsia pacifica LS09
    |         Staurocladia wellingtoni LS09
    |--Moerisiida [Moerisioidea] P79
    |    |--Sphaerocorynidae P79
    |    |    |--Linvillea agassizi (McCrady 1857) P79
    |    |    `--Sphaerocoryne Pictet 1893 P79
    |    |         |--S. bedoti Pictet 1893 P79
    |    |         `--S. multitentaculata (Warren 1908) P79
    |    `--Moerisiidae P79
    |         |--Halmomises von Kennel 1891 P79
    |         |--Tiaricodon Browne 1902 P79
    |         |--Odessia Paspaleff 1937 P79
    |         |    `--*O. maeotica (Ostroumoff 1896) P79
    |         `--Moerisia Boulenger 1908 [incl. Ostroumovia Hadzi 1928] P79
    |              |--M. hori (Uchida & Uchida 1929) P79
    |              |--M. inkermanica Paltschikowa-Ostoumova 1925 P79
    |              |--M. lyonsi Boulenger 1908 P79
    |              `--M. pallasi (Derzhavin 1912) P79
    `--+--Tubulariida P79
       `--Zancleida P79
            |--Porpitoidea [Chondrophora, Chondrophorae, Chondrophorina, Disconantha, Disconectae, Velelloidea] FS04
            |    |  i. s.: Archaeonectris G79
            |    |         Discophyllum Hall 1847 G79, FS04
            |    |           `--D. peltatum FS04
            |    |         Palaeonectris G79
            |    |         Plectodiscus discoideus FS04
            |    |         Paropsonema G79
            |    |           |--P. cryptophya Clarke 1902 FS04
            |    |           `--P. mirabile FS04
            |    |         Pseudodiscophyllum Fryer & Stanley 2004 FS04
            |    |           `--*P. windermerensis Fryer & Stanley 2004 FS04
            |    |         Discalia medusina H04
            |    |         Disconalia gastroblasta H04
            |    |--Velella G79 [Velellidae P79]
            |    |    `--V. velella (Linnaeus 1758) [=Medusa velella] DB07
            |    |--Chondroplidae G79
            |    |    |--Chondroplon Wade 1971 G79
            |    |    |    `--*C. bilobatum Wade 1971 G79
            |    |    `--Ovatoscutum Glaessner & Wade 1966 G79
            |    |         `--*O. concentricum Glaessner & Wade 1966 G79
            |    `--Porpitidae G79
            |         |--Porpita porpita (Linnaeus 1758) [=Medusa porpita] DB07
            |         |--Porpema medusa H04
            |         |--Porpalia prunella H04
            |         `--Eoporpita Wade 1972 G79
            |              `--*E. medusa Wade 1972 G79
            `--Zancleoidea P79
                 |--Cladocorynidae P79
                 |    |--Lobocoryne travancorensis Mammen 1963 P79
                 |    |--Asyncoryne Warren 1908 [Asyncorynidae] P79
                 |    |    `--A. ryniensis Warren 1908 P79
                 |    `--Cladocoryne P79
                 |         |--C. floccosa Rotch 1871 P79
                 |         `--C. littoralis (Mammen 1963) P79
                 `--+--Zancleidae P79
                    |    |--Zanclea Gegenbaur 1856 P79
                    |    `--Pteroclava Weill 1931 P79
                    `--+--Teissieridae P79
                       |    |--Rosalinda Totton 1949 P79
                       |    |    |--R. incrustans (Kramp 1947) P79
                       |    |    `--R. williami Totton 1949 P79
                       |    `--Teissiera Bouillon 1974 P79
                       |         |--T. australe Bouillon 1978 P79
                       |         |--T. medusifera Bouillon 1978 P79
                       |         `--T. milleporoides Bouillon 1974 P79
                       `--Millepora Linnaeus 1758 [Milleporidae] P79
                            |--M. alcicornis Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. boschmai CG99
                            |--M. cellulosa Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. complanata W01
                            |--M. compressa Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. crustacea Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. eschara Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. intricata (Milne Edwards 1857) Z03
                            |--M. lichenoides Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. lineata Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. muricata Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            `--M. reticulata Linnaeus 1758 L58

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CS99] Carlton, J. T., J. B. Geller, M. L. Reaka-Kudla & E. A. Norse. 1999. Historical extinctions in the sea. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 30: 315–338.

[DB07] Daly, M., M. R. Brugler, P. Cartwright, A. G. Collins, M. N. Dawson, D. G. Fautin, S. C. France, C. S. McFadden, D. M. Opresko, E. Rodriguez, S. L. Romano & J. L. Stake. 2007. The phylum Cnidaria: a review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa 1668: 127–182.

[FS04] Fryer, G., & G. D. Stanley Jr. 2004. A Silurian porpitoid hydrozoan from Cumbria, England, and a note on porpitoid relationships. Palaeontology 47 (5): 1109–1119.

[G79] Glaessner, M. F. 1979. Precambrian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A79–A118. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[LS09] Leclère, L., P. Schuchert, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux & M. Manuel. 2009. Molecular phylogenetics of Thecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) reveals long-term maintenance of life history traits despite high frequency of recent character changes. Systematic Biology 58 (5): 509–526.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[P79] Petersen, K. W. 1979. Development of coloniality in Hydrozoa. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 105–139. Academic Press: London.

[W01] Williams, J. D. 2001. Polydora and related genera associated with hermit crabs from the Indo-West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with descriptions of two new species and a second polydorid egg predator of hermit crabs. Pacific Science 55 (4): 429–465.

[Z03] Zhukova, N. V. 2003. A biochemical approach for assessment of the diversity of symbiotic dinoflagellates. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29 (5): 328–332.

Aurivilliola

Dorsal view of Aurivilliola femoralis, from Roewer (1955).

Belongs within: Sclerosomatidae.

Aurivilliola is a genus of gagrelline harvestmen found in tropical Asia.

Characters (from Roewer 1955): Tuber oculorum dorsally smooth or denticulate, but without prominent, larger spines; second area of scutum or first and second area each with a median spine; femora I to IV with 0.3.0.0 nodules; first and third femora cylindrical and shorter than body.

<==Aurivilliola Roewer 1910 [=Aurivillia Roewer 1910 non Tutt 1902] C92
    |--*A. aurivillii (Thorell 1894) C92 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--A. a. aurivillii R55
    |    `--A. a. bispinosa Roewer 1923 R55
    |--A. annamensis Roewer 1927 R55
    |--A. bispinifera Roewer 1929 R55
    |--A. difformis Roewer 1955 R55
    |--A. ephippiata Roewer 1955 R55
    |--A. femoralis Roewer 1955 R55
    |--A. hirsuta Roewer 1912 R55
    |--A. javana Roewer 1931 R55
    |--A. nigripalpis Roewer 1929 R55
    |--A. palpalis Roewer 1915 R55
    |--A. segregata Roewer 1955 R55
    |--A. sepia (Loman 1892) R55 [=Gagrella sepia R23]
    |--A. shanica Roewer 1929 R55
    |--A. sumatrana Roewer 1931 R55
    |--A. tibialis Roewer 1955 R55
    `--A. timorensis Schenkel 1944 R55

*Aurivilliola aurivillii (Thorell 1894) C92 [=Melanopa aurivillii C92, *Aurivillia aurivillii C92, Gagrella aurivillii R23; incl. Melanopa conspersa Thorell 1894 R23, G. conspersa W03, G. simplex Loman 1902 R23]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C92] Crawford, R. L. 1992. Catalogue of the genera and type species of the harvestman superfamily Phalangioidea (Arachnida). Burke Museum Contributions in Anthropology and Natural History 8: 1–60.

[R23] Roewer, C.-F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannnten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

[R55] Roewer, C. F. 1955. Indoaustralische Gagrellinae (Opiliones, Arachnidae). (Weitere Weberknechte XVIII). 3. Teil. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36 (1–2): 71–121.

[W03] With, C. 1903. New and old Phalangiidae from the Indian region. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 28: 466–509.

Entophysalidaceae

Colony of Entophysalis, copyright Stjepko Golubic.

Belongs within: Cyanobacteria.

The Entophysalidaceae are a group of cyanobacteria whose members form gelatinous masses; the growth of such colonies can lead to the formation of stromatolites or other such structures.

<==Entophysalidaceae
    |--Entophysalis K98
    |    |--E. conferta K98
    |    `--E. deusta KS92
    |--Eoentophysalis Hofmann 1976 KS92
    |    |--*E. belcherensis Hofmann 1976 KS92
    |    |--E. arcata KS92
    |    |--E. cumulus Knoll & Golubic 1979 KS92
    |    |--E. dismalakensis KS92
    |    |--E. magna McMenamin, Kumar & Awramik 1983 KS92
    |    `--E. yudomatica KS92
    `--Gloeodiniopsis Schopf 1968 KS92, FT93 (see below for synonymy)
         |--*G. lamellosa Schopf 1968 KS92
         |--‘*Eozygion’ grande Schopf & Blacic 1971 G79
         |--‘Bigeminococcus’ grandis Schopf & Blacic 1971 non Eozygion grande Schopf & Blacic 1971 KS92
         |--G. gregaria Knoll & Golubic 1979 KS92
         |--‘*Bigeminococcus lamellosus’ Schopf & Blacic 1971 non Gloeodiniopsis lamellosa Schopf 1968 G79
         |--G. magna KS92
         |--G. micros KS92
         `--‘*Eotetrahedrion’ princeps Schopf & Blacic 1971 G79

Gloeodiniopsis Schopf 1968 [incl. Bigeminococcus Schopf & Blacic 1971 FT93, Eotetrahedrion Schopf & Blacic 1971 FT93, Eozygion Schopf & Blacic 1971 FT93]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[FT93] Fensome, R. A., F. J. R. Taylor, G. Norris, W. A. S. Sarjeant, D. I. Wharton & G. L. Williams. 1993. A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Micropaleontology Special Publication 7: i–viii, 1–351.

[G79] Glaessner, M. F. 1979. Precambrian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A79–A118. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[K98] Kaehler, S. 1998. The non-coralline epilithic encrusting algae of Hong Kong II: Additions and identification. Asian Marine Biology 15: 1–17.

[KS92] Kumar, S., & P. Srivastava. 1992. Middle to late Proterozoic microbiota from the Deoban Limestone, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Precambrian Research 56: 291–318.

Hexactinellida

Vertical view (left) and close-up of fossil holotype of Larispongia magdalenae, from Carrera (1998).

Belongs within: Animalia.

The Hexactinellida, glass sponges, are a group of sponges with a skeleton composed of silica, around with the (relatively sparse) cellular material is mostly conjoined into a multinucleate syncytium.

Characters (from Adl et al. 2012): Siliceous spicules triaxonic, hexactinic; cells forming extensive multinucleate syncytium, with some differentiated cells; electrical conductance across body; noncontractile body; larvae (poorly known) with medial region of ciliated cells.

<==Hexactinellida [Triaxonia]
    |--Hunanospongia EL11
    `--+--Pelicaspongiidae C98 [Amphidiscophora EL11, Amphidiscosa]
       |    |--Larispongia Carrera 1998 C98
       |    |    `--*L. magdalenae Carrera 1998 C98
       |    |--Pelicaspongia C98
       |    |--Twenhofelella C98
       |    |--Vaurealispongia C98
       |    |--Walliospongia C98
       |    |--Liscombispongia C98
       |    |--Warrembaia C98
       |    `--Kalimnospongia C98
       `--Hexasterophora EL11
            |--Calcihexactina EL11
            `--Protospongia EL11

Hexactinellida incertae sedis:
  Oopsacas minuta C-SC03
  Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni C-SC03
  Semperella schulzei F79
  Brabbinithes churkini Allison 1975 G79
  Hyalonema [Hyalonematidae] F79
    |--H. conus H04
    |--H. hozawai F79
    |--H. indicum H04
    |--H. molle Schulze 1904 BJ06
    |--H. populiferum PP15
    |--H. proximum Schulze 1904 BJ06
    |--H. simile Schulze 1904 BJ06
    `--H. valdiviae Schulze 1904 BJ06
  Farrea haeckelii H04
  Euplectellidae BJ06
    |--Holascus pseudostellatus Janussen, Tabachnick & Tendal 2004 BJ06
    `--Euplectella aspergillum H04
  Holtenia crateromorpha H04
  Sclerothamnus spiralis H04
  Polyopogon amadu H04
  Pheronematidae BJ06
    |--*Platylistrum platessa Schulze 1904 BJ06
    `--Pheronema rhaphanus H04
  Saccocalyx pedunculata H04
  Crateromorpha meyeri H04
  Hyaloslylus dives H04
  Polylophus philippinensis H04
  Stylocalyx tenera H04
  Monorhaphis [Monorhaphididae] AS12
    `--*M. chuni Schulze 1904 [incl. M. dives Schulze 1904] BJ06
  Lophocalyx AS12
  Heterochone calyx PP15
  Aphrocallistes vastus PP15
  Sympagella nux PP15
  Rossella fibulata PP15

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AS12] Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, S. S. Bowser, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, E. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, H. McManus, E. A. D. Mitchell, S. E. Mozley-Stanridge, L. W. Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov & F. W. Spiegel. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–493.

[BJ06] Barnich, R., & D. Janussen. 2006. Die Typen und Typoide des Naturmuseums Senckenberg, Nr. 86. Type catalogue of the Porifera in the collections of the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (2): 127–144.

[C98] Carrera, M. G. 1998. First Ordovician sponge from the Puna region, northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 35: 205–210.

[C-SC03] Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E.-Y. Chao. 2003. Phylogeny of Choanozoa, Apusozoa, and other Protozoa and early eukaryote megaevolution. Journal of Molecular Evolution 56: 540–563.

[EL11] Erwin, D. H., M. Laflamme, S. M. Tweedt, E. A. Sperling, D. Pisani & K. J. Peterson. 2011. The Cambrian conundrum: early divergence and later ecological success in the early history of animals. Science 334: 1091–1097.

[F79] Fry, W. G. 1979. Taxonomy, the individual and the sponge. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 49–80. Academic Press: London.

[G79] Glaessner, M. F. 1979. Precambrian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A79–A118. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[PP15] Pisani, D., W. Pett, M. Dohrmann, R. Feuda, O. Rota-Stabelli, H. Philippe, N. Lartillot & G. Wörheide. 2015. Genomic data do not support comb jellies as the sister group to all other animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 112 (50): 15402–15407.

Homolophus

SEM of male Homolophus nakhichevanicus, from Kurt (2014).

Belongs within: Phalangiidae.

Homolophus is a genus of phalangiid harvestmen found in the Palaearctic region, being most diverse in north-east Asia. They are relatively large harvestmen with a characteristic mound of clustered tubercles in front of the eyemound.

Characters (from Kurt 2014): Body relatively large (more than 5 mm long); crown-like mound containing numerous black-tipped tubercles present on cephalothorax anterior to ocularium; coxae I-IV smooth with only sparse setae; chelicerae usually normally structured with blackish brown zebra-like striped pattern, pedipalps short, robust, with femora, patellae and tibiae covered with numerous black-tipped tubercles (males with microtubercles on venter of tarsus); legs short or more commonly long. Penis without lateral incisions or similar structures in apical part of shaft; shaft often flattened dorso-ventrally, particularly in distal part; glans cuneiform, in profile mostly triangular with rounded “lower” corner; stylus relatively long.

<==Homolophus Banks 1893 S12 [incl. Euphalangium Roewer 1911 TTL00]
    |--*H. arcticus Banks 1893 TTL00 (see below for synonymy)
    |--H. afghanus (Roewer 1956) [=Euphalangium afghanum] MDP15
    |--H. albofasciatus (Kulczyński 1901) TTL00 (see below for synonymy)
    |--‘Euphalangium’ altaicum Roewer 1923 R23
    |--H. azerbaijanicus S12
    |--H. betpakdalensis (Gricenko 1976) TTL00
    |--H. chitralensis (Roewer 1956) [=Euphalangium chitralense] MDP15
    |--H. consputus (Simon 1895) S03
    |--‘Euphalangium’ coreanum R56
    |--H. funestus (Koch 1877) S12 [=Opilio funestus R23]
    |--H. gobiensis Tsurusaki, Tchemeris & Logunov 2000 S12
    |--H. hunan Zhu, Song & Kim 1999 TTL00
    |--H. iranus C84
    |--H. martensi (Staręga 1986) S03
    |--H. nakhichevanicus Snegovaya 2012 S12
    |--H. nepalicus (Roewer 1912) (see below for synonymy) S03
    |--H. nigridorsus (Caporriacco 1935) [=Opilio nigridorsus] S03
    |--H. nordenskioldi (Koch 1879) TTL00 [=Phalangium nordenskioeldi S03, *Euphalangium nordenskioldi TTL00]
    |    |--H. n. nordenskioldi R23
    |    `--‘Phalangium’ n. kolense (Strand 1906) [=Euphalangium n. kolense] R23
    |--H. pallens (Kulczyński 1901) [=Phalangium pallens, Opilio pallens] TTL00
    |--‘Phalangium’ personatum Koch 1879 [=Euphalangium personatum] R23
    |--H. potanini (Simon 1895) S03 (see below for synonymy)
    |--H. przewalskii (Staręga 1978) S12 (see below for synonymy)
    |--H. punctatus Banks 1894 R23
    |--H. rishiri Tsurusaki 1987 T87
    |--H. serrulatus (Karsch 1881) (see below for synonymy) S03
    |--H. suzukii (Šilhavý 1972) TTL00 [=Euphalangium suzukii S03, E. krausi Šilhavý ex Staręga 2003 (n. n.) S03]
    |--H. thienshanensis (Šilhavý 1967) TTL00 [=Euphalangium thienshanense S03]
    |--H. tibetanus (Roewer 1911) TTL00 [=Egaenus tibetanus S03; incl. Opilio insolitus Roewer 1956 S03]
    |--H. trinkleri (Roewer 1956) [=Euphalangium trinkleri] MDP15
    |--H. turcicus (Roewer 1959) S12 [=Euphalangium turcicum S03]
    `--H. vladimirae (Šilhavý 1967) S12 [=Euphalangium vladimirae S03]

Homolophus albofasciatus (Kulczyński 1901) TTL00 [=Phalangium nordenskioeldi var. albofasciata K01, Euphalangium nordenskioldi var. albofasciatum R23]

*Homolophus arcticus Banks 1893 TTL00 [incl. Opilio kurilus Roewer 1956 T87, O. nipponensis Roewer 1956 S03, O. sachaliensis Suzuki 1941 T87, O. sachalinus Roewer 1956 T87, O. sunuitensis Nakatsudi 1943 S03]

Homolophus nepalicus (Roewer 1912) [=Zacheus nepalicus; incl. Opilio aborensis Roewer 1956, Egaenus asiaticus Roewer 1914] S03

Homolophus potanini (Simon 1895) S03 [=Phalangium potanini TTL00, Euphalangium potanini TTL00, Opilio potanini TTL00; incl. O. almasyi Roewer 1911 TTL00, O. asiaticus Gricenko 1979 TTL00]

Homolophus przewalskii (Staręga 1978) S12 [=Euphalangium przewalskii TLT98, Phalangium nordenskioeldi var. pallida Kulczyński 1901 non Müller 1776 TLT98, E. nordenskioldi var. pallida R23, E. pallidum R23]

Homolophus serrulatus (Karsch 1881) [=Phalangium serrulatum, Opilio serrulatus; incl. P. bidentatum Kulczyński 1901, O. bidentatus, O. kishidai Saitô 1936, O. tricolor var. modestus Schenkel 1953, O. quadridentatus Wang 1941, Phalangium tricolor Kulczyński 1901, O. tricolor] S03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[K01] Kulczyński, V. 1901. Arachnoideák [Arachnoidea]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 311–369. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

Kurt, K. 2014. New record of the genus Homolophus (Opiliones: Phalangiidae) in Turkey and SEM studies on its morphology. Florida Entomologist 97 (2): 406–413.

[MDP15] Mitov, P. G., J. A. Dunlop & D. Penney. 2015. A new species of Lacinius in amber (Arachnida: Opiliones). Fossil Record 18: 37–42.

[R23] Roewer, C.-F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannnten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

[R56] Roewer, C. F. 1956. Über Phalangiinae (Phalangiidae, Opiliones Palpatores). (Weitere Weberknechte XIX). Senckenbergiana Biologica 37 (3–4): 247–318.

[S12] Snegovaya, N. Y. 2012. A new harvestman species (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangiidae: Homolophus) from Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijan). Fragmenta Faunistica 55 (1): 5–10.

[S03] Staręga, W. 2003. On the identity and synonymies of some Asiatic Opilioninae (Opiliones: Phalangiidae). Acta Arachnologica 52 (2): 91–102.

[TLT98] Tchemeris, A. N., D. V. Logunov & N. Tsurusaki. 1998. A contribution to the knowledge of the harvestman fauna of Siberia (Arachnida: Opiliones). Arthropoda Selecta 7 (3): 189–199.

[T87] Tsurusaki, N. 1987. Two species of Homolophus newly found from Hokkaido, Japan (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangiidae). Acta Arachnologica 35: 97–107.

[TTL00] Tsurusaki, N., A. N. Tchemeris & D. V. Logunov. 2000. Two new species of Opiliones from southern Siberia and Mongolia, with an establishment of a new genus and redefinition of the genus Homolophus (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangiidae). Acta Arachnologica 49 (1): 73–86.

Last updated: 23 June 2017.