Gasparia

Gasparia delli, copyright Te Papa Tongarewa.

Belongs within: Desidae.

Gasparia is a New Zealand genus of spiders found in habitats ranging from the intertidal zone to open alpine localities.

<==Gasparia Marples 1956 PVD10
    |--*G. nebulosa Marples 1956 PVD10
    |--G. busa Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. coriacea Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. delli (Forster 1955) PVD10
    |--G. dentata Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. edwardsi Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. kaiangaroa Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. littoralis Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. lomasi Forstere 1970 PVD10
    |--G. mangamuka Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. manneringi (Forster 1964) PVD10
    |--G. montana Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. nava Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. nelsonensis Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. nuntia Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. oparara Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. parva Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. pluta Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. rupicola Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. rustica Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. tepakia Forster 1970 PVD10
    `--G. tuaiensis Forster 1970 PVD10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

Hapona

Hapona otagoa, from Forster (1970).

Belongs within: Desidae.

Hapona is a New Zealand genus of small spiders found primarily in association with damp undergrowth in forests, particularly ferns.

<==Hapona Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--*H. otagoa (Forster 1964) PVD10
    |--H. amira Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--H. aucklandensis (Forster 1964) PVD10
    |--H. crypta (Forster 1964) PVD10
    |--H. insula (Forster 1964) PVD10
    |--H. marplesi (Forster 1964) PVD10
    |--H. moana Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--H. momona Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--H. muscicola (Forster 1964) PVD10 [=Toxopsiella muscicola NS00]
    |--H. paihia Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--H. reinga Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--H. salmoni (Forster 1964) PVD10
    `--H. tararua Forster 1970 PVD10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[NS00] Nicholls, D. C., P. J. Sirvid, S. D. Pollard & M. Walker. 2000. A list of arachnid primary types held in Canterbury Museum. Records of the Canterbury Museum 14: 37–48.

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

Goyenia

Goyenia lucrosa, copyright Oscar Thomas.

Belongs within: Desidae.

Goyenia is a New Zealand genus of spiders found living on the foliage of low shrubs.

<==Goyenia Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--*G. electa Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. fresa Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. gratiosa Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. lucrosa Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. marplesi Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. multidentata Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. ornata Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. sana Forster 1970 PVD10
    |--G. scitula Forster 1970 PVD10
    `--G. sylvatica Forster 1970 PVD10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

Pakeha

Pakeha hiloa, copyright Te Papa Tongarewa.

Belongs within: Amaurobiidae.

Pakeha is a New Zealand genus of ground-dwelling spiders bearing paired stridulatory spines on the trochanter of the male palp.

<==Pakeha Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--*P. protecta Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. buechlerae Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. duplex Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. hiloa Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. inornata Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. insignita Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. kirki (Hogg 1909) PVD10
    |--P. lobata Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. manapouri Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. maxima Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. media Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. minima Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. paratecta Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. parroti Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. pula Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. stewartia Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--P. subtecta Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    `--P. tecta Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

Latrodectus

Western black widow Latrodectus hesperus, copyright Marshal Hedin.

Belongs within: Theridiidae.

Latrodectus, the widow spiders, is a cosmopolitan genus of cob web spiders including a number of species of medical interest due to their toxic bites. Members of the genus are characterised by widely separated lateral eyes, a large colulus, and the absence of cheliceral teeth (Garb et al. 2004).

<==Latrodectus Walckenaer 1805 [Latrodectinae] PVD10
    |--+--L. geometricus Koch 1841 GGG04
    |  `--L. rhodesiensis Mackay 1972 GGG04
    `--+--L. renivulvatus Dahl 1902 GGG04
       |--L. tredecimguttatus (Rossi 1790) GGG04 [incl. L. tredecimguttatus var. lugubris C01, L. schuchii GGG04]
       `--+--+--L. hasselti Thorell 1870 GGG04 [inl. L. scelio Thorell 1870 S99]
          |  |    |--L. h. hasselti T72
          |  |    `--L. h. indicus Simon 1897 T72
          |  `--L. katipo Powell 1870 GGG04 (see below for synonymy)
          `--+--L. menavodi (Vinson 1863) GGG04
             `--+--+--L. pallidus Cambridge 1872 GGG04
                |  `--L. revivensis Shulov 1948 GGG04
                `--+--+--+--L. bishopi (Kaston 1938) GGG04
                   |  |  `--L. variolus (Walckenaer 1837) GGG04
                   |  `--+--L. hesperus Chamberlin & Ivie 1935 GGG04
                   |     `--L. mactans (Fabricius 1775) GGG04
                   `--+--L. mirabilis (Holmberg 1876) GGG04
                      |--L. variegatus Nicolet 1849 GGG04
                      `--+--L. corallinus Abalos 1980 GGG04
                         `--L. diaguita Carcavallo 1960 GGG04

Latrodectus incertae sedis:
  L. antheratus (Badcock 1932) GGG04
  L. apicalis (Butler 1877) GGG04
  L. atritus Urquhart 1890 GGG04, NS00 [=L. katipo var. atritus NS00]
  L. cinctus (Blackwall 1865) GGG04
  L. curacaviensis (Müller 1776) GGG04
  L. dahli (Levi 1959) GGG04
  L. erythromelas (Schmidt & Klaas 1991) GGG04
  L. hystrix (Simon 1890) GGG04
  L. indistinctus (Cambridge 1904) GGG04
  L. karrooensis (Smithers 1944) GGG04
  L. lilianae Melic 2000 GGG04
  L. obscurior (Dahl 1902) GGG04
  L. ornatus Lucas 1846 E12
  L. quartus Abalos 1980 GGG04
  L. spinipes Lucas 1846 E12

Latrodectus katipo Powell 1870 GGG04 [incl. Theridium melanozantha Urquhart 1887 NS00, T. zebrinia Urquhart 1890 NS00]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Utivázlat [Reiseskizze]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. xii–xli. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[GGG04] Garb, J. E., A. González & R. G. Gillespie. 2004. The black widow spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae): phylogeny, biogeography, and invasion history. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31: 1127–1142.

[NS00] Nicholls, D. C., P. J. Sirvid, S. D. Pollard & M. Walker. 2000. A list of arachnid primary types held in Canterbury Museum. Records of the Canterbury Museum 14: 37–48.

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

[S99] Simon, E. 1899. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland 1896–1897. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie un Biologie der Thiere 12 (4): 411–437.

[T72] Tikader, B. K. 1972. Spider fauna of India: catalogue and bibliography. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (1): 91–101.

Haplinis

Haplinis exigua, copyright Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

Belongs within: Linyphiidae.

Haplinis is an Australian genus of small spiders in which the male palp bears a long filiform or spiniform embolus that forms a loop lying in part outside the cymbium.

<==Haplinis Simon 1894 PVD10
    |--*H. subclathrata Simon 1894 PVD10
    |--H. abbreviata (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. alticola Blest & Vink 2002 PVD10
    |--H. anomala Blest & Vink 2003 PVD10
    |--H. antipodiana Blest & Vink 2002 PVD10
    |--H. attenuata Blest & Vink 2002 PVD10
    |--H. australis Blest & Vink 2003 PVD10
    |--H. banksi (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. brevipes (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. chiltoni (Hogg 1911) PVD10
    |--H. contorta (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. diloris (Urquhart 1886) PVD10
    |--H. dunstani (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. exigua Blest & Vink 2002 PVD10
    |--H. fluviatilis (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. fucatinia (Urquhart 1894) PVD10
    |--H. fulvolineata Blest & Vink 2002 PVD10
    |--H. horningi (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. inexacta (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. innotabilis (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. insignis (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. major (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. marplesi Blest & Vink 2003 PVD10
    |--H. minutissima (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. morainicola Blest & Vink 2002 PVD10
    |--H. mundenia (Urquhart 1894) PVD10
    |--H. paradoxa (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. redacta (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. rufocephala (Urquhart 1888) PVD10
    |--H. rupicola Blest 1979 PVD10
    |--H. silvicola (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. similis (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. subdola (Pickard-Cambridge 1879) PVD10
    |--H. subtilis Blest & Vink 2002 PVD10
    |--H. taranakii (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. tegulata (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. titan (Blest 1979) PVD10
    |--H. tokaanuae Blest & Vink 2002 PVD10
    `--H. wairarapa Blest & Vink 2002 PVD10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

Linyphia

Linyphia triangularis, copyright Gail Hampshire.

Belongs within: Linyphiidae.

Linyphia is a Palaearctic genus of small spiders in which the male palp has an inconspicuous embolus when unextended and a spirally coiled terminal apophysis.

<==Linyphia Latreille 1804 [Linyphieae] W76
    |--*L. triangularis (Clerck 1757) SC97 [=Araneus triangularis C01, Epeira (Linyphia) triangularis G20]
    |--L. albiapiata Urquhart 1891 (n. d.) PVD10
    |--L. aucklandensis Forster 1964 [=L. campbellensis (l. c.)] F64
    |--L. cruentum Urquhart 1891 (n. d.) PVD10
    |--L. fastuosa Lucas 1846 E12
    |--L. gibbosa Lucas 1846 E12
    |--L. javensis Doleschall 1859 D59
    |--L. litigiosa E95
    |--L. marginata K01
    |--L. montana [=Aranea montana] C01
    |--L. multicolor Urquhart 1891 (n. d.) PVD10
    |--L. oblonga Koch & Berendt 1854 S93
    |--L. pallipes Lucas 1846 E12
    |--L. pellos Urquhart 1891 (n. d.) PVD10
    `--L. setosa Forster 1964 F64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C01] Cambridge, F. O. P. 1901. A revision of the genera of the Araneae or spiders with reference to their type species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 51–65.

[D59] Doleschall, C. L. 1859. Tweede Bijdrage tot de kennis der Arachniden van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandelingen der Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch Indie [Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae] 5 (5): 1–60, pls 1–18.

[E95] Elgar, M. A. 1995. The duration of copulation in spiders: comparative patterns. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 52: 1–11.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[F64] Forster, R. R. 1964. The Araneae and Opiliones of the subantarctic islands of New Zealand. Pacific Insects Monograph 7: 58–115.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[K01] Kulczyński, V. 1901. Arachnoideák [Arachnoidea]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 311–369. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

[SC97] Scharff, N., & J. A. Coddington. 1997. A phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae (Arachnida, Araneae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120: 355–434.

[S93] Selden, P. A. 1993. Arthropoda (Aglaspidida, Pycnogonida and Chelicerata). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 297–320. Chapman & Hall: London.

[W76] Wunderlich, J. 1976. Spinnen aus Australien. 2. Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Araneida). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57 (1-3): 125–142.