Apion

Clover seed weevil Apion apricans, copyright Aleksandrs Balodis.

Belongs within: Apionini.

Apion is a cosmopolitan genus of straight-snouted beetles of uncertain circumscription, essentially containing less specialised members of the Apionini.

Apion Herbst 1797 Z94
    |--*A. frumentarium (Linnaeus 1758) Z94, HF03 [=Curculio frumentarius Z94]
    |--A. aemulum Lea 1898 Z94
    |--A. albopilosum Lucas 1846 E12
    |--A. amabile Lea 1898 Z94
    |--A. angustatum B88
    |--A. apricans C01
    |--A. argutulum Pascoe 1874 M86
    |--A. astri Lea 1926 Z94
    |--A. aurichalceum Z94
    |--A. basiinflatum Lea 1926 [incl. A. torresianum Lea 1926] Z94
    |--A. binotatum Lea 1898 Z94
    |--A. brevirostre C01
    |--A. carduorum S00
    |--A. carpophagum Lea 1898 Z94
    |--A. comosum Pascoe 1874 M86
    |--A. condensatum Lea 1898 Z94
    |--A. confluens C01
    |--A. congestum Lea 1910 Z94
    |--A. congruum Lea 1898 Z94
    |--A. convexipenne Lea 1910 Z94
    |--A. craccae C01
    |--A. curvirostre C01
    |--A. dichroum C01
    |--A. difficile C01
    |--A. ebeninum C01
    |--A. foveicolle Lea 1898 Z94
    |--A. fuscosuturale Lea 1898 Z94
    |--A. godmani Z94
    |--A. hoblerae Lea 1915 Z94
    |--A. hookeri HW96
    |--A. immundum Lea 1898 Z94
    |--A. integricolle Lea 1898 [incl. A. anthidium Lea 1898] Z94
    |--A. lativentre ML05
    |--A. macleayense Lea 1926 [=A. inornatum Lea 1910 (preoc.)] Z94
    |--A. melvillense Lea 1926 Z94
    |--A. microscopicum Lea 1910 Z94
    |--A. miniatum Z94
    |--A. nigrosuturale Lea 1910 Z94
    |--A. nigroterminale Lea 1915 Z94
    |--A. niveodispersum Lea 1910 Z94
    |--A. parvocastaneum Lea 1926 Z94
    |--A. philanthum Lea 1898 Z94
    |--A. pictipes Lea 1926 Z94
    |--A. pilistriatum Lea 1910 Z94
    |--A. pisi C01
    |--A. pubescens C01
    |--A. pudicum Lea 1896 Z94
    |--A. pulicare Pascoe 1874 M86
    |--A. quadricolor Lea 1926 Z94
    |--A. rivulare Lea 1926 Z94
    |--A. seniculus C01
    |--A. solani Lea 1898 [incl. A. orthodoxum Lea 1926] Z94
    |--A. spencei C01
    |--A. subopacum Lea 1910 Z94
    |--A. tasmanicum Lea 1910 Z94
    |--A. teretirostre Lea 1898 Z94
    |--A. terraereginae Blackburn 1892 Z94
    |--A. terricola Z94
    |--A. trifolii C01
    |--A. turbidum Lea 1910 Z94
    |--A. varipes C01
    |--A. vertebrale Lea 1910 Z94
    |--A. viciae C01
    |--A. violaceum C01
    `--A. virens C01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[HF03] Halperin, J., & J. Fremuth. 2003. Contribution to the knowledge of Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) and their host plants in Israel. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 93–100.

[HW96] Hoebeke, E. R., & A. G. Wheeler Jr. 1996. Meligethes viridescens (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Maine, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island: diagnosis, distribution, and bionomics of a Palearctic species new to North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 221–227.

[ML05] Marvaldi, A. E., & A. A. Lanteri. 2005. Key to higher taxa of South American weevils based on adult characters (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 78: 65–87.

[M86] Masters, G. 1886. Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of Australia. Part V. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (3): 585–686.

[S00] Siddiqi, M. R. 2000. Tylenchida: Parasites of plants and insects 2^nd ed. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).

[Z94] Zimmerman, E. C. 1994. Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) vol. 2. Brentidae, Eurhynchidae, Apionidae and a chapter on immature stages by Brenda May. CSIRO Australia.

Lymexylidae

Atractocerus sp., copyright Goutham K.

Belongs within: Tenebrionoidea.

The Lymexylidae, timberworm beetles, are a group of elongate, soft-bodied insects that bore into hard wood.

Characters (from Richards & Davies 1977): Elongate with soft integument. Antennae short, more or less serrate. Maxillary palpi flabellate in male. All coxae more or less projecting. Tarsi 5-segmented, filiform. Abdomen with 6 or 7 visible sternites. Larva with enlarged prothorax and well-developed legs; 9th abdominal tergite often greatly modified but not bearing paired processes.

Lymexylidae [Lymexilidae, Lymexyloidea, Lymexylonidae]
    |--Hylecoetinae P04
    |    |--Elateroides B14
    |    |    |--E. dermestoides (Linnaeus 1761) B14
    |    |    `--E. lugubris B14
    |    `--Hylecoetus Latreille 1806 PN02
    |         |--H. dermestoides P04 [=Lymexylon (Hylocoetus) dermestoide G20]
    |         |--H. flabellicorne (Scheider 1791) P04
    |         |--H. formosanus Miwa 19356 P04
    |         `--H. lugubris Say 1835 P04
    `--+--Melittomminae P04
       |    |--Australymexylon Wheeler 1986 P04
       |    |    `--A. fuscipennis P04
       |    `--+--Protomelittomma Wheeler 1986 P04
       |       |    `--P. insulare (Fairmaire 1893) P04
       |       `--+--Melittommopsis Lane 1955 P04
       |          `--Melittomma Murray 1867 P04
       |               |--M. insulare RD77
       |               |--M. pervagus B74
       |               `--M. sericeum Harris 1838 P04
       `--+--Lymexylon Fabricius 1775 [Lymexylinae] P04
          |    |--L. amianum Kurosawa 1985 P04
          |    |--L. australe Erichs. 1842 M86
          |    `--L. navale (Linnaeus 1758) P04
          `--Atractocerinae [Atractocerini] P04
               |--Urtea Paulus 2004 P04
               |    `--*U. graeca Paulus 2004 P04
               `--+--Hymaloxylon Kurosawa 1985 P04
                  |    |--*H. quercus (Gardner 1935) [=Atractocerus quercus] P04
                  |    `--H. aspoecki Paulus 2004 P04
                  `--+--Fusicornis Philippi 1866 P04
                     |    |--F. gracilicornis Schenkling 1914 P04
                     |    |--F. tasmaniensis Lea 1917 P04
                     |    `--F. valdivianus Philippi 1866 P04
                     `--+--Arractocoetus Kurosawa 1985 P04
                        |    |--A. bicolor (Strohmeyer 1910) P04
                        |    |--A. bifasciatus (Gestro 1874) P04
                        |    |--A. blairi (Gardner 1936) P04
                        |    |--A. bruijni (Gestro 1874) P04
                        |    |--A. monticola Kurosawa 1985 P04
                        |    |--A. morio (Pascoe 1860) P04
                        |    |--A. niger (Strohmeyer 1910) P04
                        |    |--A. nipponicus (Nakane 1985) P04
                        |    |--A. siebersi (Karny 1922) P04
                        |    `--A. tonkineus (Pic 1948) P04
                        `--+--Raractocetus Kurosawa 1985 P04
                           |    |--R. emarginatus (Cast. 1836) (see below for synonymy) P04
                           |    `--R. kreuslerae (Pascoe 1864) P04
                           `--Atractocerus Palisot de Beauvois 1801 [incl. Macrogaster Thunberg 1805] P04
                                |--A. almeidei Arauto 1958 P04
                                |--A. ater Kraatz 1895 P04
                                |--A. atricollis Pic 1948 P04
                                |--A. brasiliensis Lepineux & Serville 1825 (see below for synonymy) P04
                                |--A. brevicornis (Linnaeus 1766) P04 (see below for synonymy)
                                |--A. crassicornis Clark 1931 P04
                                |--A. kreuslerae Pascoe 1864 M86
                                |--A. procerus Schenkling 1914 P04
                                |--A. reversus Walker 1858 P04
                                |--A. schenklingi Heller 1916 P04
                                |--A. termiticola Wasman 1902 P04
                                |--A. victoriensis Blackburn 1891 P04
                                `--A. wheeleri Lubkin 2003 P04

Atractocerus brasiliensis Lepineux & Serville 1825 [incl. A. antillarum Vitrac 1913, A. dipterorum Cast. 1840, A. dipterum Perty 1834, A. dipterus Brullé 1857, A. molorchoides Guérin 1844] P04

Atractocerus brevicornis (Linnaeus 1766) P04 [incl. A. abbreviatus F. 1787 P04, *Macrogaster abbreviatus P04, A. africanus Bohemann 1848 P04, A. frontalis Kl. 1855 P04, A. madagascariensis Cast. 1836 P04, A. necydaloides Palisot de Beauv. 1801 P04, Lymexylon (Atractoceros) necidaloide G20, A. pygmaeus Kraatz 1895 P04]

Raractocetus emarginatus (Cast. 1836) [incl. R. celebensis (Gestro 1874), R. debilis (Walker 1858), R. fissicollis (Fairm. 1885), R. horni (Bourgeois 1905), R. luteolus (Fairm. 1882), R. mirabilis (Miwa 1935)] P04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[B74] Britton, E. B. 1974. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers. Supplement 1974 pp. 62–89. Melbourne University Press.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[M86] Masters, G. 1886. Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of Australia. Part IV. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (2): 259–380.

[P04] Paulus, H. F. 2004. Urtea graeca nov. gen. et nov. spec., der erste Vertreter der tropischen Atractocerinae in Europa sowie eine Beschreibung von Hymaloxylon aspoecki nov. spec. aus Yunnan (China) (Coleoptera, Cucujiformia, Lymexylidae, Atractocerinae nov. status). Denisia 13: 277–290.

[PN02] Pollock, D. A., & B. B. Normark. 2002. The life cycle of Micromalthus debilis LeConte (1878) (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Micromalthidae): historical review and evolutionary perspective. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 40 (2): 105–112.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

Blaps

Churchyard beetle Blaps mortisaga, copyright Hans Hillewaert.

Belongs within: Tenebrionidae.

Blaps is a cosmopolitan genus of darkling beetles with an attenuated end to the abdomen.

Characters (from Matthews & Bouchard 2008): Surfaces matt black. Head in repose porrect. Anterior margin of labrum emarginate, its fringe interrupted medially. Clypeolabral membrane narrowly exposed across its entire width. Mesocoxal cavities open. Elytra completely covering abdomen, apices prolonged and tapering.

<==Blaps Fabricius 1775 [Blaptini] MB08
    |--*B. mortisaga (Linnaeus 1758) [=Tenebrio mortisagus] MB08
    |--B. apicecostata Blair 1922 K77
    |--B. gentilis Fairmaire 1887 K77
    |    |--B. g. gentilis K77
    |    |--B. g. gentiloides Kaszab 1977 K77
    |    |--B. g. punctithorax Kaszab 1977 K77
    |    |--B. g. radula Kaszab 1977 K77
    |    `--B. g. semistriata Kaszab 1977 K77
    |--B. gressoria C01
    |--B. halophila C01
    |--B. polychresta (Forskål 1775) [=Tenebro polychrestus] MB08
    `--B. rugosa C01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[K77] Kaszab, Z. 1977. Tenebrionidae der Nepal-Expeditionen von Dr. J. Martens (1969–1974) (Insecta: Coleoptera). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57 (4–6): 241–283.

[MB08] Matthews, E. G., & P. Bouchard. 2008. Tenebrionid Beetles of Australia: Descriptions of tribes, keys to genera, catalogue of species. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Anthicus

Anthicus antherinus, copyright Dick Belgers.

Belongs within: Anthicidae.

Anthicus is a cosmopolitan genus of ant-like flower beetles with a subcordate prothorax lacking any anterior projections.

<==Anthicus Paykull 1798 H61
    `--A. (Aulacoderus La Ferté-Sénectère 1848) H61
         |--A. (A.) albitarsis La Ferté-Sénectère 1848 H61
         |--A. (A.) amplus Pic 1895 H61
         |--A. (A.) apterus van Hille 1961 H61
         |--A. (A.) bicoloritarsis Pic 1948 H61
         |--A. (A.) flavopictus La Ferté-Sénectère 1848 [incl. A. flavopictus var. ornatipennis Pic 1897] H61
         |--A. (A.) friwaldskyi H61
         |--A. (A.) hanstroemi van Hille 1961 H61
         |--A. (A.) lutopictus van Hille 1961 H61
         |--A. (A.) martini Pic 1897 H61
         |--A. (A.) middletoniensis van Hille 1961 H61
         `--A. (A.) poweri van Hille 1961 H61

Anthicus incertae sedis:
  A. aberrans Macleay 1872 M86
  A. abnormis King 1869 M86
  A. achillei Pic 1895 H61
  A. antherinus C01
  A. apicalis King 1869 M86
  A. astrachanicus Csiki 1901 C01
  A. ater C01
  A. australis LB91
  A. balteatus G89
  A. bellus King 1869 M86
  A. bembidioides M86
  A. biplagiatus La Ferté-Sénectère 1848 H61
  A. bremei Laf. 1842 G89
  A. brevicollis King 1869 M86
  A. caeruleipennis LaFerté-Sénectère 1847 E12
  A. ‘caeruleipennis’ Pic 1904 non LaFerté-Sénectère 1847 H61
  A. calcaratus van Hille 1961 H61
  A. charon King 1869 M86
  A. comptus M86
  A. concolor King 1869 M86
  A. constrictus Macleay 1872 M86
  A. crassipes M86
  A. crassus King 1869 M86
  A. crinitus La Ferté-Sénectère 1848 H61
  A. dachuricus Csiki 1901 C01
  A. denisoni King 1869 M86
  A. dentatipes Pic 1895 H61
  A. dubius King 1869 M86
  A. floralis (Linnaeus 1758) H61 [=Meloe floralis G89]
  A. formicarius Goeze 1777 H61
  A. gawleri King 1869 M86
  A. glaber King 1869 M86
  A. glabricollis King 1869 M86
  A. grandis Pic 1895 H61
  A. hesperi King 1869 M86
  A. hispidus C01
  A. immaculatus King 1869 M86
  A. instygius Pic 1901 H61
  A. intricatus King 1869 M86
  A. kingi Macleay 1872 M86
  A. kreffti King 1869 M86
  A. kreusleri King 1869 M86
  A. kuthyi Csiki 1901 C01
  A. laticollis Macleay 1872 M86
  A. luridus King 1869 M86
  A. macleayi King 1869 M86
  A. mastersi Macleay 1872 M86
  A. monilis King 1869 M86
  A. myrteus King 1869 M86
  A. niger C01
  A. nigricollis King 1869 M86
  A. nitidissimus King 1869 M86
  A. ocreatus LaFerté-Sénectère 1847 E12
  A. pallidus Macleay 1872 M86
  A. pauperculus LaFerté-Sénectère 1847 E12
  A. pontageanus Pic 1932 H61
  A. propinquus Macleay 1872 M86
  A. pulcher King 1869 M86
  A. rarus King 1869 M86
  A. robustithorax Pic 1913 H61
  A. rudebecki Bonadona in van Hille 1961 H61
  A. scabricollis LaFerté-Sénectère 1847 E12
  A. scydmaenoides King 1869 M86
  A. shishmareffi Csiki 1901 C01
  A. spectabilis La Ferté-Sénectère 1848 H61
  A. strictus Erich. 1842 M86
  A. stygius La Ferté-Sénectère 1848 H61
  A. subapicalis Pic 1903 H61
  A. unifasciatus King 1869 M86
  A. vanhillei Pic 1948 H61
  A. wollastoni King 1869 M86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[G89] Gestro, R. 1889. Viaggio ab Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso «Esploratore» dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880.—IV. Coleotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 5–72.

[H61] Hille, J. C. van. 1961. Coleoptera: Anthicidae. In: Hanström, B., P. Brinck & G. Rudebeck (eds) South African Animal Life: Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950–1951 vol. 8 pp. 217–258. Almqvist & Wiksell: Uppsala.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[M86] Masters, G. 1886. Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of Australia. Part IV. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (2): 259–380.

Mycetophagidae

Mycetophagus quadriguttatus, copyright Pierre Bornand.

Belongs within: Tenebrionoidea.

The Mycetophagidae are a group of beetles that may be found as adults or larvae in rotting wood or in association with fungal fruiting bodies (Lawrence & Britton 1991).

Characters (from Lawrence & Britton 1991): Oblong to ovate, somewhat flattened beetles, uniformly brown or with yellow maculae on elytra, densely pubescent. Antennae 11-segmented with three- or four-segmented club; eyes relatively large, coarsely faceted; frontoclypeal suture present or absent; fore coxae transverse, trochantins exposed or concealed, coxal cavities externally open, internally closed; mid coxal cavities contiguous or narrowly separated, laterally open; tibial spurs often well developed and serrate; fore tarsi modified in male, tarsal formula 4-4-4 in female, 3-4-4 in male; abdomen with five ventrites, all free. Larvae elongate and parallel sided, slightly flattened and moderately sclerotised dorsally, with well-developed legs and slightly curved, simple urogomphi, which are more or less approximate at base.

Mycetophagidae [Mycetophaginae] B14
    |--Berginus RD77
    |--Litargus LB91
    |    |--L. balteatus Lec. 1856 L19
    |    `--L. multiguttatus LB91
    |--Typhaea B14
    |    |--T. fumata [=Dermestes fumatus] G89
    |    `--T. stercorea B14
    `--Mycetophagus B14
         |--M. bifasciatus L02
         |--M. irroratus C01
         |--M. punctatus L02
         |--M. quadriguttatus Müller 1821 B14
         |--M. quadripustulatus B14
         `--M. quattuormaculatus L02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[G89] Gestro, R. 1889. Viaggio ab Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso «Esploratore» dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880. – IV. Coleotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 5–72.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[L19] Lea, A. M. 1919. Notes on some miscellaneous Coleoptera with descriptions of new species.—Part V. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 43: 166–261, pls 25–27.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

Aderidae

Megaxenus termitophilus, from Hangay & Zborowski (2010).

Belongs within: Tenebrionoidea.

The Aderidae are a group of small, often colourful beetles whose larvae have been collected in rotting wood, under bark or in leaf litter (Lawrence & Britton 1991).

Characters (from Lawrence & Britton 1991): Elongate, convex to somewhat flattened beetles; elytra commonly bicoloured, vestiture consisting of erect and/or decumbent hairs, the latter sometimes forming a pattern; head abruptly constricted behind eyes; eyes relatively large, coarsely faceted; antennae 11-segmented, filiform or flabellate; maxillary palps securiform; pronotum narrow, lacking lateral carinae; fore coxae projecting, trochantins concealed, fore coxal cavities externally and internally open; mid coxal cavities narrowly separated, laterally open; tarsal formula 5-5-4, antepenultimate tarsal segment lobed, penultimate one reduced; abdomen with five ventrites, the first two ventrites strongly connate or solidly fused (in which case abdomen appears to have four ventrites); hind femora of males sometimes bearing setose secretory organs. Larvae almost always narrowly elongate, parallel sided, somewhat flattened and lightly sclerotised, except for tips of urogomphi. Mandible almost always with hyaline lobe at base of mola, median endocarina on head and armature on S9 absent.

Aderidae [Circaeidae, Euglenidae, Hylophilidae, Xylophilidae]
    |--Syzeton abnormis LB91
    |--Pseudananca ruficollis LB91
    |--Syzetoninus LB91
    |--Syzetonellus LB91
    |--Xylophilus E02 [incl. Aderus LB91]
    |    |--X. brouni Pic 1901 E02
    |    `--X. undatus Gemming 1870 [incl. X. fasciatus Bohem. 1858] M86
    `--Megaxenus B14
         |--M. bioculatus B14
         |--M. papuensis B14
         `--M. termitophilus Lawrence 1990 B14

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[E02] Emberson, R. M. 2002. The beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of the Chatham Islands: additions and corrections. New Zealand Entomologist 25: 69–77.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[M86] Masters, G. 1886. Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of Australia. Part IV. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (2): 259–380.

Ciidae

Cis boleti, copyright Francisco Welter-Schultes.

Belongs within: Tenebrionoidea.

The Ciidae are a group of beetles that mostly feed as both larvae and adults on basidiomycete fruiting bodies though some may feed on rotting vegetation (Lawrence & Britton 1991).

Characters (from Lawrence & Britton 1991): Elongate and subcylindrical or moderately flattened to ovate and globose beetles, subglabrous or clothed with decumbent and/or erect hairs or bristles. Head more or less deflexed, usually with distinct frontoclypeal ridge which may be produced in male to form a plate or paired tubercles or horns. Antenna with eight to ten segments, two- or three-segmented club large and loose with well-developed, multipronged sensoria; maxillae with reduced lobes and fusiform palps; pronotum large, sometimes with anterior plate or paired horns in male; fore coxae transverse or projecting, trochantin concealed; fore coxal cavities externally and internally open; mid coxal cavities contiguous, laterally open; tibiae almost always lacking spurs and with spines along outer edge; fore tibia often with acute tooth or comb of spines at apex; tarsi quadramerous; abdomen with five ventrites, all free, ventrite 1 often with setose fovea in male. Larvae elongate, subcylindrical, lightly sclerotised with variable armature (usually paired, hook-like urogomphi) on T9 and pygopod-like 10th segment. Antennae very short, with long sensorium arising from near base of terminal segment; mandible often with acute, hyaline process at base; maxilla with reduced, subapical lacinial lobe.

Ciidae [Ciinae, Cioidae, Cisidae] B14
    |--Xylographus LB91
    |--Orthocis LB91
    |--Sphindocis MW15
    |--Octotemnus B14
    |    |--O. dilutipes B70
    |    `--O. mandibularis (Gyllenhal 1813) B14
    `--Cis Latreille 1802 L02
         |--*C. boleti [=Anobium boleti] L02
         |--C. bilamellatus LB91
         |--C. cervus LB91
         |--C. cribratus Lucas 1846 E12
         |--C. flavipes Lucas 1846 E12
         |--C. jacquemarti K98
         |--C. punctulatus Lucas 1846 E12
         `--C. tricornis (Gorham 1883) B14

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[B70] Britton, E. B. 1970. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 495–621. Melbourne University Press.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[K98] Klimov, P. B. 1998. A new tribe of acarid mites of the subfamily Rhizoglyphinae (Acariformes, Acaridae). Far Eastern Entomologist 59: 1–19.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[MW15] McKenna, D. D., A. L. Wild, K. Kanda, C. L. Bellamy, R. G. Beutel, M. S. Caterino, C. W. Farnum, D. C. Hawks, M. A. Ivie, M. L. Jameson, R. A. B. Leschen, A. E. Marvaldi, J. V. McHugh, A. F. Newton, J. A. Robertson, M. K. Thayer, M. F. Whiting, J. F. Lawrence, A. Ślipiński, D. R. Maddison & B. D. Farrell. 2015. The beetle tree of life reveals that Coleoptera survived end-Permian mass extinction to diversify during the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution. Systematic Entomology 40 (4): 835–880.