Aprostocetus

Female Aprostocetus hagenowii ovipositing in a cockroach ootheca, from here.

Belongs within: Tetrastichinae.

Aprostocetus is a large genus of wasps found worldwide, with many hundreds of species. Most species have larvae that develop in plant tissues, mainly as parasitoids of gall-forming insects (a few are suspected of causing galls themselves). There are notable exceptions, however, including A. hagenowii, which attacks cockroach oothecae, and A. percaudatus attacking eggs of the cricket genus Oecanthus in grass stems (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Clypeal margin bidentate; malar groove always present, simple; notauli clearly visible, complete, virtually reaching the trans-scutal suture; scutellum mostly with submedian grooves; propodeum with simple median carina; female sometimes brachypterous; submarginal vein with three or more dorsal setae, tapering to apex and not continuous with parastigma; female gaster with last two tergites fused into epipygium.

<==Aprostocetus Westwood 1833 B88 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*A. caudatus B88
    |--A. acomatus (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Syntomosphyrella acomata] B88
    |--A. acuminativentris (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichella acuminativentris] B88
    |--A. acuminatus (Girault 1913) [=Selitrichodella acuminata] B88
    |--A. acutiventris (Girault 1913) [=Asyntomosphyrum acutiventris] B88
    |--A. aeneithorax (Girault 1915) [=Epitetrastichus aeneithorax] B88
    |--A. aeneoculex (Girault 1927) [=Epomphaloides aeneoculex] B88
    |--A. aeneon Bouček 1988 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. aeneosus Bouček 1988 [=Neotetrastichodes aeneus Girault 1913 non Quadrastichus aeneus Girault 1913] B88
    |--A. aeneus (Girault 1913) [=Quadrastichus aeneus] B88
    |--A. affinis (Dodd & Girault in Girault 1915) [=Ootetrastichus beatus affinis] B88
    |--A. ajax [=Tetrastichomorpha ajax] B88
    |--A. animus Girault 1917 G17e
    |--A. anna (Girault 1937) [=Ootetrastichella anna] B88
    |--A. arses (Walker 1839) [=Cirrospilus arses, Tetrastichus arses] B88
    |--A. asperulus (Graham 1981) [=Tetrastichus asperulus] B88
    |--A. asthenogmus B88
    |--A. atrellus (Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Epitetrastichus postscutellatus atrella] B88
    |--A. atristigma (Girault 1928) [=Neomphaloidella atristigma] B88
    |--A. atriventris (Girault 1915) [=Syntomosphyrella atriventris] B88
    |--A. aura (Girault 1913) [=Syntomosphyrella aura] B88
    |--A. auriflavus (Girault 1913) [=Syntomosphyrella auriflava] B88
    |--‘Tetrastichodes’ auriflavus Girault 1915 non Syntomosphyrella auriflava Girault 1913 B88
    |--A. aurios (Girault 1913) [=Selitrichodelia aurios] B88
    |--A. auriscutellum (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichodes auriscutellum] B88
    |--A. auriventris (Girault 1915) [=Selitrichodella auriventris] B88
    |--A. australicus (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichodes australicus] B88
    |--A. baucis (Walker 1839) [=Cirrospilus baucis, Tetrastichus baucis] B88
    |--A. beatus (Perkins 1906) [=*Ootetrastichus beatus; incl. O. beatus anceps Girault 1915] B88
    |--A. bewicki Girault 1917 G17b
    |--A. bicolor (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichus bicolor, Epitetrastichus bicolor] B88
    |--A. bilongifasciatus Girault 1915 B88
    |--A. boswelli (Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichus boswelli] B88
    |--A. boussingaulti (Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella boussingaulti] B88
    |--A. brevis (Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella brevis] B88
    |--A. brevistigma (Girault 1929) [=Neomphaloidella brevistigma] B88
    |--A. bruchophagi (Gahan 1913) [=Tetrastichus bruchophagi] B88
    |--A. brunneiventris (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Ootetrastichus brunneiventris] B88
    |--A. brunneus (Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella brunnea] B88
    |--A. burmeisteri (Girault 1915) [=Epitetrastichus burmeisteri] B88
    |--A. canadensis Ashmead 1888 GM79
    |--‘Neomphaloidella’ ceroplastae Girault 1916 GM79
    |--A. cinctiventer Bouček 1988 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. cinctiventris (Girault 1913) [=*Neomphaloides cinctiventris] B88
    |--A. cobdeni (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichus cobdeni, Epitetrastichus cobdeni] B88
    |--A. consimilis (Girault 1913) [=Ootetrastichus consimilis] B88
    |--A. consobrinus (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichodes consobrinus] B88
    |--A. cressoni (Girault 1915) [=Epitetrastichus cressoni] B88
    |--A. culex (Girault 1915) [=Selitrichodelia culex] B88
    |--‘Epitetrastichus’ cuneiformis Girault 1917 G17d
    |--A. darwini (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichus darwini, Epitetrastichus darwini] B88
    |--A. darwinianus Bouček 1988 [=Selitrichodes darwini Girault 1915 non Tetrastichus darwini Girault 1915] B88
    |--A. decii (Girault 1928) [=Ootetrastichella decii] B88
    |--A. dei (Girault 1928) [=Tetrastichus dei] B88
    |--A. diplosidis Crawford 1907 B88
    |--A. distinguendus (Perkins 1912) [=Ootetrastichus distinguendus] B88
    |--A. dymas (Walker 1839) [=Eulophus dymas, Tetrastichus dymas] B88
    |--A. elora Girault 1917 G17b
    |--A. eucalypti (Girault 1929) [=Neomphaloidella eucalypti] B88
    |--A. fannius (Walker 1839) [=Cirrospilus fannius, Tetrastichus fannius] B88
    |--A. fasciativenter Bouček 1988 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. fasciativentris (Girault 1913) [=*Selitrichodes fasciativentris] B88
    |--A. fasciativentrosus Bouček 1988 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. fidius Girault 1917 G17c
    |--A. filiformis (Girault 1915) [=Epitetrastichus filiformis] B88
    |--A. flavellinus Bouček 1988 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. flavellus (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichella flavella] B88
    |--A. flavicaput Girault 1913 B88
    |--A. flavicollis (Girault 1937) [=Tetrastichus flavicollis] B88
    |--A. flavicornis (Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella flavicornis] B88
    |--A. flavios (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichus flavios, T. flavio (l. c.)] B88
    |--A. flavipostscutellum (Girault 1913) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. flavobasalis Girault 1915 B88
    |--A. flavus Ashmead 1900 B88
    |--A. ‘flavus’ Girault 1913 non Ashmead 1900 B88
    |--‘Aprostocerella’ flava Girault 1913 nec Aprostocetus flavus Ashmead 1900 nec Aprostocetus flavus Girault 1913 nec Epentastichus flavus Girault 1913 B88
    |--‘*Epomphaloides’ flavus Girault 1913 nec Aprostocetus flavus Ashmead 1900 nec Aprostocetus flavus Girault 1913 nec Epentastichus flavus Girault 1913 nec Aprostocerella flava Girault 1913 B88
    |--‘*Neotetrastichodes’ flavus Girault 1913 nec Aprostocetus flavus Ashmead 1900 nec Aprostocetus flavus Girault 1913 nec Epentastichus flavus Girault 1913 nec Aprostocerella flava Girault 1913 nec Epomphaloides flavus Girault 1913 B88
    |--‘Ootetrastichus’ flavus Girault 1913 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--‘Selitrichodes’ flava Girault 1913 nec Aprostocetus flavus Ashmead 1900 nec Aprostocetus flavus Girault 1913 nec Epentastichus flavus Girault 1913 nec Aprostocerella flava Girault 1913 nec Epomphaloides flavus Girault 1913 nec Neotetrastichodes flavus Girault 1913 B88
    |--‘Neomphaloidella’ florida Girault 1917 G17b
    |--A. froggatti (Ashmead 1900) [=Tetrastichodes froggatti] B88
    |--A. fulgens (Girault 1915) [=Aprostocerella fulgens] B88
    |--A. fulvipostscutellum (Girault 1913) [=Epitetrastichus fulvipostscutellum] B88
    |--‘Neomphaloidella’ fumipennis Girault 1917 G17f
    |--A. fuscipennatus Bouček 1988 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. fuscipennis (Girault 1913) [=*Syntomosphyrella fuscipennis] B88
    |--A. fuscitibiae (Girault 1929) [=Tetrastichodes fuscitibiae] B88
    |--A. fuscosus Bouček 1988 [=Neomphaloides fusca Girault 1913 non Epentastichus fuscus Girault 1913] B88
    |--A. fuscus (Girault 1913) [=Epentastichus fuscus] B88
    |--A. gala (Walker 1847) [=Tetrastichus gala; incl. Epitetrastichus nigriventris Girault 1913] B88
    |--A. galactopus (Ratzeburg 1844) [=Eulophus galactopus, Eutetrastichus galactopus] B88
    |--A. gloriosus (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Ootetrastichus gloriosus] B88
    |--A. glycon (Walker 1849) [=Cirrospilus glycon, Tetrastichus glycon] B88
    |--A. gobius Girault 1913 B88
    |--‘Epitetrastichus’ gravans (Silvestri 1915) GM79
    |--A. gregi (Girault 1913) [=Syntomosphyrum gregi] B88
    |--A. grotiusi (Girault 1913) [=Ootetrastichus grotiusi] B88
    |--A. guttatus (Girault 1913) [=Ootetrastichus guttata] B88
    |--A. haeckeli (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichella haeckeli] B88
    |--A. hagenowii (Ratzeberg 1852) B88 (see below for synonymy)
    |--A. handeli Girault 1926 B88
    |--A. hetaericos (Girault 1915) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. hibus HB13
    |--‘Ootetrastichus’ hillmeadia Girault 1917 G17g
    |--A. homochromus (Perkins 1912) [=Ootetrastichus homochromus; incl. O. homochromus var. dubiosus Perkins 1912] B88
    |--A. hyalinipennis (Girault 1913) [=Syntomosphyrum hyalinipenne] B88
    |--A. hyalinus (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichella hyalina, Neomphaloidella hyalina] B88
    |--A. imago Girault 1915 B88
    |--A. imperialis Girault 1913 B88
    |--A. indigenus (Girault 1932) [=Epomphaloides indigenus] B88
    |--A. io (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichus io] B88
    |--A. ion Bouček 1988 [=Aprostocerella io Girault 1913] B88
    |--‘Neomphaloidella’ java Girault 1917 G17a
    |--A. kellogi (Girault 1913) [=*Aprostocerella kelloggi] B88
    |--A. kochi (Girault 1935) B88 (see below for synonymy)
    |--‘Epomphaloides’ lasiopterae (Ashmead 1894) GM79
    |--A. latithorax (Girault 1913) [=Quadrastichus latithorax] B88
    |--A. lelaps (Walker 1839) [=Cirrospilus lelaps, Tetrastichus lelaps] B88
    |--A. lenini (Girault 1928) [=Epromphaloides (l. c. for Epomphaloides) lenini] B88
    |--A. limbus (Girault 1929) [=Asyntomosphyrum limbus] B88
    |--A. lineatus (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichodes lineatus] B88
    |--A. longiclavus (Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Epitetrastichus longiclavus] B88
    |--A. longipennis (Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichus longipennis] B88
    |--A. longiventris (Girault 1913) [=*Ootetrastichella longiventris] B88
    |--A. lustris (Girault 1913) [=Ootetrastichus lustris, *Proceratoneura lustris] B88
    |--A. mahometi (Girault 1936) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. marginatus (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichus marginatus, Neomphaloidella marginata] B88
    |--A. margiscutellum (Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichodes margiscutellum] B88
    |--A. margiscutum (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichodes margiscutum] B88
    |--A. margiventris (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichus margiventris, Epitetrastichus margiventris] B88
    |--A. margiventrosus Bouček 1988 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. maximus (Dodd & Girault in Girault 1915) [=Neotetrastichodes maximus] B88
    |--A. meridialis (Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Neotetrastichodes meridialis] B88
    |--A. meridianus (Girault 1915) [=Neotetrastichodes meridianus] B88
    |--A. mesmeri (Girault 1915) [=Selitrichodelia mesmeri] B88
    |--A. minutissimus (Girault 1915) [=Asynthomosphyrum minutissimum] B88
    |--A. mirus (Girault 1913) [=*Selitrichodella mira] B88
    |--A. misericordia (Girault 1913) [=Ootetrastichus misericordia] B88
    |--A. montanus Girault 1913 B88
    |--A. monticola (Dodd in Girault 1915) [=*Duotrastichus monticola] B88
    |--A. morum (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichodes morum, Selitrichodes morum] B88
    |--A. multifasciatus (Girault 1915) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--‘Epitetrastichus’ mundicornis Girault 1917 G17g
    |--A. necopinatus Girault 1915 B88
    |--A. neis (Walker 1839) [=Cirrospilus neis] B88
    |--A. nelsonensis (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichus nelsonensis] B88
    |--A. niger (Girault 1913) [=Epomphaloides niger] B88
    |--A. nigriclava (Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella nigriclava] B88
    |--A. nigrinotatus (Girault 1913) [=*Quadrastichus nigrinotatus] B88
    |--A. nigrithorax Girault 1913 B88
    |--A. nomadis (Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella nomadis] B88
    |--A. novifasciatus (Girault 1913) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. nubilipennis (Girault 1915) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. nugatorius (Girault 1913) [=*Epentastichus nugatorius] B88
    |--A. nympha (Girault 1913) [=Ootetrastichus nympha] B88
    |--A. obscurus Girault 1913 B88
    |--A. occultus (Girault 1913) [=Selitrichodelia occulta] B88
    |--A. octoguttatus (Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella octoguttata] B88
    |--‘Neomphaloidella’ oklahoma Girault 1917 G17d
    |--A. pallidicaput (Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella pallidicaput] B88
    |--A. pallidiventris (Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichella pallidiventris] B88
    |--A. pax (Girault 1913) [=*Asyntomosphyrum pax] B88
    |--A. percaudatus [incl. *Terebratella indica] B88
    |--A. perkinsi (Girault 1915) [=Neotetrastichodes perkinsi] B88
    |--A. perobscurus (Girault 1929) [=Tetrastichus perobscurus] B88
    |--A. perpulcher (Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella perpulchra] B88
    |--A. platoni Girault 1915 B88
    |--A. polychromus (Dodd 1917) [=Neotetrastichodes polychromus] B88
    |--A. pomosus Girault 1913 B88
    |--A. pontiac (Girault 1929) [=Tetrastichus pontiac] B88
    |--A. postscutellatus (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Epitetrastichus postscutellatus] B88
    |--A. proto (Walker 1839) [=Cirrospilus proto, Tetrastichus proto] B88
    |--A. pulcher (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) B88 [=Epomphaloides pulcher B88, Neotetrastichodes pulcher G33]
    |--A. pulchrinotatus (Girault 1915) [=Ootetrastichus pulchrinotatus] B88
    |--A. pullus (Girault 1913) [=Syntomosphyrum pullum] B88
    |--A. purpureicorpus (Girault 1915) [=Ootetrastichus purpureicorpus] B88
    |--A. purpureithorax (Girault 1915) [=Selitrichodella purpureithorax] B88
    |--A. purpureivarius Girault 1915 B88
    |--A. purpureus Girault 1913 B88
    |--A. quadrifasciatus (Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella quadrifasciata] B88
    |--A. quadriguttativentris (Girault 1915) [=Ootetrastichus quadriguttativentris] B88
    |--A. quadrimaculae (Girault 1915) [=Epentastichus quadrimaculae] B88
    |--A. queenslandensis (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichus queenslandensis] B88
    |--A. quinqnigrimaculae (Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichodes quinqnigrimaculae] B88
    |--A. rotundiventris (Girault 1915) [=Selitrichodes rotundiventris] B88
    |--A. rufiscutellum (Girault 1913) [=Epitetrastichus rufiscutellum] B88
    |--A. saintpierrei (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichus saintpierrei] B88
    |--A. saltensis Girault 1915 B88
    |--A. salto Bouček 1988 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. saltus Bouček 1988 [=Neomphaloidella saltensis Girault 1915 non A. saltensis Girault 1915] B88
    |--A. sannio (Girault 1913) [=Quadrastichus sannio, Paraprostocetus sannio] B88
    |--A. sannion Bouček 1988 [=Neomphaloidella sannio Girault 1913 non Quadrastichus sannio Girault 1913] B88
    |--A. schilleri (Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella schilleri] B88
    |--A. secus (Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichodes secus] B88
    |--A. semiflaviceps (Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella semiflaviceps] B88
    |--A. septemguttatus (Girault 1915) [=Ootetrastichus septemguttatus] B88
    |--A. sexguttativentris (Girault 1915) [=Epitetrastichus sexguttativentris] B88
    |--A. sexguttatus (Girault 1913) [=Epentastichus sexguttatus] B88
    |--A. seymourensis (Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichus seymourensis] B88
    |--A. silvarum Bouček 1988 [=Neomphaloidella silvensis Girault 1913 non Ootetrastichus silvensis Girault 1913] B88
    |--A. silvensis (Girault 1913) [=Ootetrastichus silvensis, Neotetrastichodes silvensis] B88
    |--A. sokolowskii [=Tetrastichus sokolowskii] B88
    |--A. speciosissimus (Girault 1913) [=Ootetrastichus speciosissimus] B88
    |--A. speciosus (Girault 1913) [=Ootetrastichus speciosus] B88
    |--A. spissigradus (Girault 1915) [=Selitrichodella spissigrada] B88
    |--‘Epitetrastichus’ stictococci (Silvestri 1915) GM79
    |--A. subfasciativentris (Girault 1915) [=Ootetrastichus subfasciativentris] B88
    |--A. sublustris (Girault 1913) [=Ootetrastichus sublustris] B88
    |--A. sulcatus (Girault & Dodd 1915) [=Neomphaloidella sulcata] B88
    |--A. sulfureiventris (Girault 1915) [=Selitrichodella sulfureiventris] B88
    |--A. sussurus (Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichodes sussurus] B88
    |--A. tarsalis (Perkins 1912) [=Ootetrastichus tarsalis] B88
    |--A. tarsatus Bouček 1988 [=Aprostocetus tarsalis Girault 1915 non Ootetrastichus tarsalis Perkins 1912] B88
    |--A. teiae (Girault 1924) [=Syntomosphyrum teiae B88, Epomphaloides teiae G32]
    |--A. tenuis Girault 1915 B88
    |--A. thalesi Girault 1936 [=A. margiventris Girault 1913 non Tetrastichus margiventris Girault 1913] B88
    |--A. transversifasciatus (Girault 1915) [=Selitrichodelia transversifasciatus] B88
    |--A. tricolor (Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichella tricolor] B88
    |--‘Epitetrastichus tricolor’ Girault 1917 non Tetrastichella tricolor Girault 1915 G17d
    |--A. trifasciatus (Girault 1913) [=Epitetrastichus trifasciatus] B88
    |--A. trimaculosus (Girault 1913) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--‘Epitetrastichus’ ugandaensis Girault 1917 G17d
    |--A. unfasciativentris (Girault 1915) [=Asyntomosphyrum unfasciativentris] B88
    |--A. valens (Walker 1839) [=Cirrospilus valens, Tetrastichus valens] B88
    |--A. varicolor (Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Epitetrastichus varicolor] B88
    |--‘Epitetrastichus’ varicornis Girault 1917 G17e
    |--A. variegatus (Girault 1913) [=Selitrichodes variegatus] B88
    |--A. verus (Girault 1928) [=Aprostocerella vera] B88
    |--A. victoriensis (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichus victoriensis] B88
    |--A. viridicyaneus (Girault 1915) [=Ootetrastichus viridicyaneus] B88
    |--A. viridiflavus Girault 1913 B88
    |--A. viridiscapus (Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella viridiscapus] B88
    |--A. viridithorax (Girault 1913) [=Ootetrastichus viridithorax, Trichaporoides viridithorax] B88
    |--A. vivatus (Girault 1913) [=Selitrichodella vivata] B88
    |--A. wallacei (Girault 1915) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--A. walsinghami (Girault 1928) [=Tetrastichus walsinghami] B88
    |--A. whitmani Girault 1916 GM79
    |--A. xanther (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichus xanther, Epitetrastichus xanther] B88
    |--A. xanthicolor (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichus xanthicolor] B88
    |--A. xenares (Walker 1839) [=Cirrospilus xenares, Tetrastichus xenares] B88
    |--A. zaleucus (Walker 1839) [=Cirrospilus zaleucus, Tetrastichus zaleucus] B88
    `--A. zosimus (Walker 1839) [=Cirrospilus zosimus; incl. C. charoba Walker 1839] B88

Aprostocetus Westwood 1833 B88 [incl. Aprostocerella Girault 1913 B88, Asyntomosphyrum Girault 1913 B88, Duotrastichus Dodd in Girault 1915 B88, Duovtrastichus (l. c.) G36, Epentastichus Girault 1913 B88, Epitetrastichus Girault 1913 B88, Epomphaloides Girault 1913 B88, Epromphaloides (l. c.) G32, Geniocerus Ratzeburg 1844 B88, Neomphaloidella Girault 1913 B88, Neomphaloides Girault 1913 B88, Neotetrastichodes Girault 1913 B88, Neotetrastichoides B88, Ootetrastichella Girault 1913 B88, Ootetrastichus Perkins 1906 B88, Pentastichodes Girault 1913 (nom. inv.) B88, Proceratoneura Girault 1915 B88, Quadrastichus Girault 1913 B88, Selitrichodelia Girault 1913 B88, Selitrichodella Girault 1913 B88, Selitrichodes Girault 1913 B88, Syntomosphyrella Girault 1913 B88, Terebratella Shafee & Rizvi 1984 B88, Tetrastichella Girault 1913 B88, Tetrastichodes Ashmead 1887 B88, Trichaporoides Girault 1913 B88, Trichoceras Ratzeburg 1844 B88, Zagrammosomoides Girault 1913 B88]

Aprostocetus aeneon Bouček 1988 [=*Selitrichodelia aenea Girault 1913 nec Quadrastichus aeneus Girault 1913 nec Neotetrastichodes aeneus Girault 1913] B88

Aprostocetus cinctiventer Bouček 1988 [=Aprostocerella cinctiventris Girault 1913 non Neomphaloides cinctiventris Girault 1913] B88

Aprostocetus fasciativenter Bouček 1988 [=*Neomphaloidella fasciativentris Girault 1913 nec Selitrichodes fasciativentris Girault 1913 nec Ootetrastichus fasciativentris Girault 1913] B88

Aprostocetus fasciativentrosus Bouček 1988 [=Ootetrastichus fasciativentris Girault 1913 non Selitrichodes fasciativentris Girault 1913, *Trichaporoides fasciativentris Girault 1913] B88

Aprostocetus flavellinus Bouček 1988 [=Epentastichus flavus Girault 1913 nec Aprostocetus flavus Ashmead 1900 nec A. flavus Girault 1913, Quadrastichodes flavus, E. flavella Girault 1915 non Tetrastichella flavella Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915] B88

Aprostocetus flavipostscutellum (Girault 1913) [=Epitetrastichus flavipostscutellum, *Pentastichodes flavipostscutellum] B88

Aprostocetus fuscipennatus Bouček 1988 [=*Tetrastichella fuscipennis Girault 1913 non Syntomosphyrella fuscipennis Girault 1913 non Selitrichodelia fuscipennis Girault 1913] B88

Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzeberg 1852) B88 [=Entedon hagenowii B88, Tetrastichodes hagenowi GM79; incl. Tetrastichus floridanus Ashmead 1887 G24, GM79, *Tetrastichodes floridanus B88, Epitetrastichus longfellowi Girault 1913 B88, Epi. nympha Girault 1913 non Ootetrastichus nympha Girault 1913 B88, Neotetrastichus robustus Dodd in Girault 1915 B88, Epomphaloides viridis Girault 1913 B88]

Aprostocetus hetaericos (Girault 1915) [=Epitetrastichus hetaericos; incl. *E. speciosissimus Girault 1913 non Ootetrastichus speciosissimus Girault 1913, Tetrastichus speciosissimus] B88

Aprostocetus kochi (Girault 1935) B88 [=Epomphaloides kochi B88, Tetrastichodes kochi G35, Epomphaloides variegatum Girault 1915 (preoc.) B88, T. variegatus G35]

Aprostocetus mahometi (Girault 1936) [=Tetrastichomorpha mahometi, T. bicolor Girault 1913 non Tetrastichus bicolor Girault 1913] B88

Aprostocetus margiventrosus Bouček 1988 [=Aprostoceroloides margiventris Girault 1913 nec Tetrastichus margiventris Girault 1913 nec Aprostocetus margiventris Girault 1913, Neotrichoporoides margiventris, Trichaporoidella margiventris] B88

Aprostocetus multifasciatus (Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichodes multifasciatus, *Zagrammosomoides fasciatus Girault 1913 non Tetrastichus fasciatus Ashmead 1894, T. fasciatus] B88

Aprostocetus novifasciatus (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichella novifasciatus, Tetrastichus fasciatella Girault 1913, T. fasciatus Girault 1913 non Ashmead 1894] B88

Aprostocetus nubilipennis (Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichella nubilipennis, Selitrichodelia fuscipennis Girault 1913 non Syntomosphyrella fuscipennis Girault 1913] B88

Aprostocetus salto Bouček 1988 [=Ootetrastichus saltensis Girault 1915 nec Aprostocetus saltensis Girault 1915 nec Neomphaloidella saltensis Girault 1915] B88

Aprostocetus trimaculosus (Girault 1913) [=Selitrichodelia trimaculosa, S. trimaculata (l. c.); incl. Tetrastichus copernici Girault 1936, S. quadrimaculata Girault 1913] B88

Aprostocetus wallacei (Girault 1915) [=Epentastichus wallacei, A. sexguttatus Girault 1913 non Epentastichus sexguttatus Girault 1913] B88

‘Ootetrastichus’ flavus Girault 1913 nec Aprostocetus flavus Ashmead 1900 nec Aprostocetus flavus Girault 1913 nec Epentastichus flavus Girault 1913 nec Aprostocerella flava Girault 1913 nec Epomphaloides flavus Girault 1913 nec Neotetrastichodes flavus Girault 1913 nec Selitrichodes flava Girault 1913 [=Trichaporoides flavus Girault 1913] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. New Javanese Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 59-71).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. New chalcid flies. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 72-77).

[G17c] Girault, A. A. 1917c. New Eulophidae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 78).

[G17d] Girault, A. A. 1917d. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80-101).

[G17e] Girault, A. A. 1917e. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 102-111).

[G17f] Girault, A. A. 1917f. Chalcidoidea nova Marilandensis. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 112-113).

[G17g] Girault, A. A. 1917g. Chalcidoidea nova Marilandensis. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 132-137).

[G24] Girault, A. A. 1924. Homo perniciosus and new Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 178-181).

[G32] Girault, A. A. 1932. New pests from Australia, X. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 286-291).

[G33] Girault, A. A. 1933. Some beauties inhabitant not of commercial boudoirs but of Nature’s bosom, notably new insects. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 299-303).

[G35] Girault, A. A. 1935. Microhymenoptera Australiensis nova, mostly Chalcididae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 315-318).

[G36] Girault, A. A. 1936. Terror-errors; and novitates of Pterygota (or earth realities not state-bound). Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 322-325).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

Eurytoma

Male (above) and female (below) pair of Eurytoma rosae, photographed by Josef Dvořák.

Belongs within: Eurytominae.

Eurytoma is a diverse group of small wasps including both parasitoid and phytophagous species, with the majority being the former. The genus has long been regarded as poorly defined; Burks commented in 1978 that "Many species are placed in Eurytoma not because they are greatly like the type species, but because it has not as yet been possible to place them elsewhere" (Bouček 1988). Notable species include Eurytoma amygdali, the almond seed wasp, which causes premature drops of fruit from almonds in southern Europe and the Middle East.

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Gena posteriorly delimited by strong carina ascending to level of lower third of eye, carina accompanied laterally by a groove (often deepened by piliferous punctures); back of head with postgenal groove descending obliquely to near genal carina and there, on its inner side, marked by a short raised ridge or tooth usually visible in lateral view; thorax densely umbilicately punctate; pronotum carinate at most on sides, always rounded in median third; marginal vein frequently longer than the stigmal; in male antenna with five or six free funicular segments, these usually with two whorls of white bristles and usually pedunculate at apex.

<==Eurytoma Illiger 1807 B88 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*E. abrotani B88 [=Chalcis abrotani B88, Cynips abrotani L02]
    |--E. abnormiclava Girault 1915 B88
    |--‘Diplolepis’ adonidum [=*Decatoma adonidum] B88
    |--‘Decatoma’ amsterdamensis Girault 1917 G17a
    |--E. amydali B88
    |--E. appendigaster MS01
    |--E. arachnophaga (Girault 1925) [=Bruchophagus arachnophagus] B88
    |--E. aretheas Walker 1839 B88
    |--E. aroueti Girault 1929 B88
    |--E. australiensis Ashmead 1900 B88
    |--E. bicoloriventris Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. braconidis B88
    |--E. brunniventris A71
    |--E. carlylei Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. casuarinae Girault 1917 B88
    |--E. centaureae A71
    |--E. chalcidiformis Girault 1917 G17b
    |--E. dentata B88
    |--E. descartesi Girault 1925 B88
    |--E. dubiella Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. dumasi Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. epicephalae Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. eucalyptorum Girault 1935 B88
    |--E. eylandti Girault 1927 B88
    |--E. flavitegula Girault 1915 B88
    |--‘Decatoma’ florida Girault 1917 G17b
    |--E. fulvivena Girault 1922 B88
    |--E. fuscipennis (Girault 1913) [=Phylloxeroxenus fuscipennis] B88
    |--E. gahani Noble 1939 B88
    |--E. gallephedrae AN-A04
    |--E. gigantea MH11
    |--E. gregi Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. hallami Girault 1920 B88
    |--E. hawthornei Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. helena Girault 1933 B88
    |--E. herbertonensis Girault 1935 B88
    |--E. inconspicua Girault 1915 B88
    |--‘Decatoma’ isis Girault 1917 G17a
    |--E. joanna Girault 1935 B88
    |--E. johnsoni Girault 1925 B88
    |--E. larvicola Girault 1925 B88
    |--E. latrodecti Fullaway 1925 [=*Desantisca latrodecti] B88
    |--E. leeuwenhoeki Girault 1929 B88
    |--E. lincolni Girault 1914 B88
    |--E. longipetiolata Girault 1915 B88
    |--‘Decatoma’ marilandica Girault 1916 GM79
    |--E. mazzinii Girault 1913 B88
    |--E. minutivespa Girault 1929 B88
    |--E. monemae A71
    |--E. mordax Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. motleyi Girault 1935 B88
    |--E. multipunctum Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. nelsonia Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. nigra (Girault 1913) [=Bruchophagus niger] B88
    |--E. nigripedicel Girault 1925 B88
    |--E. nigripes Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. nigroculex Girault 1929 B88
    |--E. nodularis BM76
    |--E. nox Girault 1928 B88
    |--E. nympha (Girault 1913) [=*Bephratella nympha; incl. B. pulchra Girault 1913, Eurytoma pulchra] B88
    |--E. olbus (Walker 1839 [=Isosoma olbus] B88
    |--E. omnirubricornis (Girault 1922) [=Eurytomocharis omnirubricornis] B88
    |--E. oophagus A71
    |--E. phoenix Girault 1917 G17b
    |--E. picus Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. pistaciae B88
    |--E. promecothecae Ferrière 1939 B88
    |--E. puella Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. punctatifossa Girault 1925 B88
    |--E. pyrrhocera Crawford 1911 [=E. pyrrhocerus] B88
    |--E. quinquenotata Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. rhois MH11
    |--E. robusta A71
    |--E. rosae B88
    |--E. saltinata Girault 1927 [=E. saltinatus] B88
    |--E. sarcophaga Girault 1915 [=Bephratella sarcophaga] B88
    |--E. sculptura Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. semifuscicornis Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. seminigrifemur Girault 1935 B88
    |--E. sequax Brues 1910 B88
    |--E. serratulae A71
    |--E. silvae Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. silvipuer Girault 1927 B88
    |--E. speciosa Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. spes Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. squamosa MH11
    |--E. stigmi Ashmead 1895 GM79
    |--E. striatifacies Girault 1925 B88
    |--E. subsanguinea Girault 1926 B88
    |--E. tellis Walker 1839 B88
    |--E. tibialis [incl. E. curta] A71
    |--E. tricoloripes Girault 1915 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--E. varivena Girault 1929 B88
    `--E. xantherella Girault 1915 B88

Nomina nuda: E. aequalivena Girault 1927 B88
             E. fabrei Girault 1935 B88
             E. guttipleura Girault 1935 B88
             E. opacicorpus Girault 1935 B88
             E. unifossa Girault 1928 B88

Eurytoma Illiger 1807 B88 [incl. Bephratella Girault 1913 B88, Decatoma Spinola 1811 B88, Desantisca Burks 1971 B88, Dieurytoma Erdös 1957 B88, Enneatoma Dalla Torre 1898 B88, Ennetoma Dahlbom 1857 B88, Evoxysoma Ashmead 1888 G17b, GM79, Hydateurytoma Erdös 1957 B88, Moneurytoma Erdös 1957 B88]

Eurytoma tricoloripes Girault 1915 [incl. E. cressoni Girault 1915 non Howard 1897, E. cressoni var. limoni Girault 1926] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[AN-A04] Askew, R. R. & J. L. Nieves-Aldrey. 2004. Further observations on Eupelminae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) in the Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands, including descriptions of new species. Graellsia 60 (1): 27–39.

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80–101).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116–131).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PloS One 6 (11): e27023.

Last updated: 29 August 2017.

Coccophagus

Ovipositing female of Coccophagus gurneyi, photographed by Max Badgley.

Belongs within: Coccophaginae.

Coccophagus is a cosmopolitan genus of small wasps including parasitoids of scale insects. It is distinguished from many related genera by its relatively setose thorax, while it and the antennae are usually not markedly (Hayat 1983).

Characters (from Hayat 1983): Body moderately setose; antenna usually 8-segmented (1, 1, 3, 3), sometimes 7-segmented with 2-segmented clava; antennal scape not or only slightly flattened and not or hardly expanded beneath; scutellum with at least six setae, each axillae usually with at least two setae (rarely with just one); axillae large, subtriangular, strongly projecting forwards; separated mesally by about the maximum length of an axilla; scutellum not extending over base of gaster and metanotum without a membranous extension overlapping tergum I of gaster (several species have a thin transparent extension of the metanotum, which partly overlaps the propodeum in the middle); submarginal vein not enlarged; linea calva absent; hypopygium not pointed at apex and not extending to apex of gaster.
Coccophagus Westwood 1833 GM79 [incl. Ataneostigma B88; Coccophagini]
    |--C. aethiopis Girault 1935 [=Prospaltella berlesei Silvestri 1930 non (Howard 1906)] G35
    |--C. antiopa Girault 1915 GM79
    |--C. argentifascia Girault 1915 GM79
    |--C. auricaput Girault 1915 GM79
    |--C. basalis A71
    |--C. bivittatus A71
    |--C. brahmsi Girault 1933 G33b
    |--C. brimblecombei Girault 1933 G33a
    |--C. capensis A71
    |--C. caridei A71
    |--C. coccidis Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. cowperi Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. crucigerus Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. exiguiventris Girault 1929 G29
    |--C. flavoscutellum Ashmead 1881 GM79
    |--C. grotei Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. gurneyi A71
    |--C. herndoni Girault 1935 [=Prospaltella aurantii Silvestri 1930 non (Howard 1894)] G35
    |--C. immaculatus Howard 1881 GM79
    |--C. inkermani Girault 1926 G26b
    |--C. inlacertus Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. insidiator A71
    |--C. iris Girault 1930 G30b
    |--C. lecanii Fitch 1858 GM79
    |--C. leucippi Girault 1936 G36b
    |--C. longifasciatus A71
    |--C. lucani Girault 1922 GM79
    |--C. lunulatus Howard 1894 GM79
    |--C. lycimnia A71
    |--C. malthusi Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. maria Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. marxi Girault 1936 G36a
    |--C. mexicensis Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. modesta Silvestri 1914 GM79
    |--C. multisetae Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. nigritus A71
    |--C. nigriventris (Girault 1913) GM79
    |--C. nigropleurum Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. ochraceus A71
    |--C. perhispidus Westwood 1833 GM79
    |--C. pulcini Girault 1926 G26b
    |--C. quaestor Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. redini Girault 1924 G24
    |--C. rusti MH11
    |--C. saintebeauvei Girault 1917 G17
    |--C. sanctus Girault 1928 G28
    |--C. scutellaris A71
    |--C. seminigriclavus Girault 1913 GM79
    |--C. shakespearella Girault 1929 G29
    |--C. signus Girault 1920 GM79
    |--C. silvifilia Girault 1924 G24
    |--C. socratis Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. sophia Girault & Dodd 1915 GM79
    |--C. submetallicus Girault 1930 G30b
    |--C. subsignus Girault 1932 G32b
    |--C. taciti Girault 1930 G30a
    |--C. tennysoni Girault 1931 G31
    |--C. thoreauini Girault 1915 GM79
    |--C. totiaureus Girault 1930 G30a
    |--C. triangulatinotus Girault 1926 G26b
    |--C. triguttatus Girault 1915 GM79
    |--C. tristis G26a
    |--C. unifasciata Girault 1915 GM79
    `--C. vegai Girault 1932 G32a

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80-101).

[G24] Girault, A. A. 1924. Homo perniciosus and new Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 178-181).

[G26a] Girault, A. A. 1926a. New pests from Australia. II. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 200-202).

[G26b] Girault, A. A. 1926b. New pests from Australia. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 203-204).

[G28] Girault, A. A. 1928. Some Insecta and a new All Highness. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 225-228).

[G29] Girault, A. A. 1929. Description of a case of lunacy in Homo and of six-legged articulates. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 262-265).

[G30a] Girault, A. A. 1930a. New pests from Australia. VII. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 270-272).

[G30b] Girault, A. A. 1930b. New pests from Australia. VIII. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 273-277).

[G31] Girault, A. A. 1931. A new habit in an old insect, Homo pudicus and new Eurytomidae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 280-283).

[G32a] Girault, A. A. 1932a. New pests from Australia, X. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 286-291).

[G32b] Girault, A. A. 1932b. New lower Hymenoptera from Australia and India. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 293-298).

[G33a] Girault, A. A. 1933a. Some beauties inhabitant not of commercial boudoirs but of Nature’s bosom, notably new insects. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 299-303).

[G33b] Girault, A. A. 1933b. Some beauties inhabitant not of the boudoirs of commerce but of Nature’s bosom—new insects. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 304-305).

[G35] Girault, A. A. 1935. Microhymenoptera Australiensis nova, mostly Chalcididae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 315-318).

[G36a] Girault, A. A. (as ‘L. de St. Fargeau’). 1936a. Chalcididae, Capsidae species nova Australiensis Giraulti. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 319-321).

[G36b] Girault, A. A. 1936b. Terror-errors; and novitates of Pterygota (or earth realities not state-bound). Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 322-325).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Hayat, M. 1983. The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of the world. Systematic Entomology 8: 63-102.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Ablerus

Ablerus, from here.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.

Ablerus is a genus of small parasitoid wasps, including primary parasites of Hemiptera and Lepidoptera, and hyperparasites of other parasitic Hymenoptera within those hosts.

Characters (from Hayat 1983): Antenna seven-segmented, antennal formula 1,1,4,1, third segment of funicle invariably shorter than others; labial palp unsegmented; prepecti not connected medially on the venter; propodeum distinctly longer than metanotum; mesoscutum with 1 or 2 pairs of setae; forewing with the disc sparsely and more or less uniformly setose, or almost bare, disc usually uniformly infuscated except for hyaline apex (sometimes entirely hyaline); submarginal vein with one seta; stigmal vein long, with apex hardly expanded; body short and convex. Female with hypopygium prominent; ovipositor exserted.

<==Ablerus Howard 1894 GM79 [=Alberus (l. c.) G32b; incl. Dimacrocerus Brethes 1914 G17, GM79; Azotinae]
    |--A. amarantus Girault 1932 G32b
    |--A. arboris Girault 1932 G32a
    |--A. argentiscapus Girault 1932 G32a
    |--A. beenleighi Girault 1932 G32a
    |--A. bicinctipes Girault 1932 G32a
    |--A. biguttatibiae Girault 1924 G24
    |--A. clisiocampae MH11
    |--A. gratus Girault 1929 G29
    |--A. hastatus Girault 1932 G32b
    |--A. hyalinus Girault 1913 GM79
    |--A. impunctatipennis Girault 1917 GM79
    |--A. miricilia Girault 1929 G29
    |--A. novicornis Girault 1931 [=Alberus (l. c.) novicornis] G31a
    |--A. pan Girault 1913 GM79
    |--A. perspeciosus MH11
    |--A. pius Girault 1929 G29
    |--A. plinii Girault 1929 G29
    |--A. pullicornis Girault 1931 G31b
    |--A. rhea Girault 1929 G29
    |--A. romae Girault 1932 G32a
    |--A. saintpierrei Girault 1913 GM79
    |--A. semifuscipennis Girault 1913 GM79
    |--A. sidneyi Girault 1932 G32a
    |--A. socratis Girault 1931 [=Alberus (l. c.) socratis] G31a
    |--A. speciosus Girault 1913 GM79
    |--A. totifuscipennis Girault 1929 G29
    `--A. venustulus Girault 1915 GM79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116-131).

[G24] Girault, A. A. 1924. Homo perniciosus and new Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 178-181).

[G29] Girault, A. A. 1929. Description of a case of lunacy in Homo and of six-legged articulates. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 262-265).

[G31a] Girault, A. A. 1931a. A new habit in an old insect, Homo pudicus and new Eurytomidae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 280-283).

[G31b] Girault, A. A. 1931b. Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera nova Australiensis. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 284-285).

[G32a] Girault, A. A. 1932a. New pests from Australia, X. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 286-291).

[G32b] Girault, A. A. 1932b. New lower Hymenoptera from Australia and India. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 293-298).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Hayat, M. 1983. The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of the world. Systematic Entomology 8: 63-102.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Perilampinae

Perilampus, photographed by Graham Montgomery.

Belongs within: Perilampidae.

The Perilampinae are a group of endoparasitoid wasps characterised by a short and immobile pronotum forming a sharply fronted collar. Perilampines include both primary parasites and hyperparasites. The mobile planidium larva of a hyperparasitic species seeks out a suitable primary host of its eventual target, but upon entering the primary host it must either find it already parasitised or wait for its own host to arrive before the perilampine perishes (Bouček 1988). The prepectus is reduced in members of the genus Euperilampus but remains large in species of Perilampus and Monacon (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Clypeus large, well delimited, also supraclypeal area mostly conspicuous. Mandibles strong, the left with 2, right with 3 large teeth. Antennae 13-segmented, formula 11173. Prepectus fused with pronotum, the latter forming a conspicuous dorsal belt (collar) separated by a subrectangular edge from the vertical or even slightly hollowed collum. Thorax dorsally with coarse piliferous puncturation. Pilosity of wings extensive and not differentiated. Gastral body short and strongly convex, triquetrous owing to dorsal fusion of the first two tergites which cover most of the dorsal side of gaster.

Perilampinae HB13
    |--Krombeinius B88
    |--Euperilampus Walker 1871 [incl. Euperilampoides Girault 1915, Nesoperilampus Rohwer 1923] B88
    |    |--*E. gloriosus [=Perilampus gloriosus] B88
    |    |--E. beharae MH11
    |    |--E. scutellatus (Girault 1915) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |    `--E. triangularis HB13
    `--Perilampus Latreille 1809 B88
         |  i. s.: *P. violaceus [=Diplolepis violacea] B88
         |         P. alienus Riek 1966 B88
         |         P. aquilonaris Girault 1915 [incl. P. saintjusti Girault 1930] B88
         |         P. australis Girault 1915 B88
         |         P. brisbanensis Girault 1915 B88
         |         P. cairnsensis Girault 1913 (see below for synonymy) B88
         |         P. capensis Girault 1913 [incl. P. australiensis Girault 1913] B88
         |         P. chlorinus MS01
         |         P. chrysopae A71
         |         P. dentatinotum Girault 1928 B88
         |         P. dipterophagus Riek 1966 B88
         |         P. emersoni Girault 1930 B88
         |         P. franzmanni Galloway 1983 B88
         |         P. glabrifrons Riek 1966 B88
         |         P. levifacies Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915 B88
         |         P. microgastris B88
         |         P. mirabeaui Girault 1930 B88
         |         P. montanus Riek 1966 B88
         |         P. nigriventris MS01
         |         P. nigronitidus Riek 1966 B88
         |         P. philembia R00
         |         P. saleius Walker 1839 [incl. P. queenslandensis Girault 1913, P. reliquus Girault 1915] B88
         |         P. tasmanicus Cameron 1912 B88
         |         P. tassoni Girault 1922 B88
         |         P. violaceus MS01
         |--+--P. subcarinatus HB13
         |  `--P. tristis HB13
         `--+--Steffanolampus salicetum HB13
            `--+--+--P. fulvicornis MH11
               |  `--P. ruficornis MH11
               |--+--Burksilampus MH11
               |  |--P. regalis MH11
               |  `--+--P. granulosus MH11
               |     `--P. hyalinus HB13
               `--Monacon Waterston 1922 HB13, B88
                    |  i. s.: *M. productum B88
                    |         M. naso Bouček 1980 B88
                    |         M. platypodis Bouček 1980 B88
                    |         M. simplex Bouček 1980 B88
                    |         M. tasmaniense Bouček 1988 B88
                    |         M. tricorne Bouček 1980 B88
                    |--M. canaliculatum MH11
                    `--+--M. robertsi Bouček 1980 MH11, B88
                       `--M. spinosum (Dodd & Girault in Girault 1915) MH11, B88 [=Perilampus spinosus B88]

Euperilampus scutellatus (Girault 1915) [=*Euperilampoides scutellatus; incl. Euperilampoides concinnus Masi 1927, Euperilampoides nepalensis Mani & Kaul in Mani, Dubey et al. 1983, *Nesoperilampus typicus Rohwer 1923] B88

Perilampus cairnsensis Girault 1913 [incl. P. cupreovarius Girault 1927, P. frater Girault 1922, P. miltoni Girault 1922, P. mittagongensis Girault 1913, P. tasmaniensis Girault 1913] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466–542.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PloS One 6 (11): e27023.

[R00] Ross, E. S. 2000. Embia: Contributions to the biosystematics of the insect order Embiidina. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 149: 1–53, 1–36.

Last updated: 29 August 2017.

Aphelinus

Female Aphelinus ovipositing into aphid, photographed by Denis Crawford.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.

Aphelinus is a genus of minute wasps that are parasitic as larvae on aphids.

Characters (from Hayat 1983): Antenna six-segmented; axillae slightly to strongly projecting forwards, usually extending caudad beyond anterior pair of scutellar setae; mesopleurum divided by an oblique suture into epimeron and episternum; distance between posterior pair of scutellar setae equal to or greater than that between anterior pair; forewing with linea calva; tarsal claws equal in length; spur of middle tibia densely setose; female with hypopygium prominent, extending to apex of gaster or beyond.

<==Aphelinus Dahlman 1820 GM79
    |--A. asychis C81
    |--A. brevipennis Girault 1917 G17
    |--A. columbi Girault 1932 G32
    |--A. damoni Girault 1922 GM79
    |--A. flaviceps (Foerster 1841) GM79
    |--A. fuscipennis Howard 1885 GM79
    |--A. gossypii M83
    |--A. haeckeli Girault 1913 GM79
    |--A. keatsi Girault 1919 G19
    |--A. kurdjomovi MH11
    |--A. mali (Hald. 1851) GM79 [incl. A. niger Girault 1913 G25, GM79]
    |--A. ovidii Girault 1919 G19
    |--A. ruskini Girault 1915 GM79
    |--A. semiflavus Howard 1908 GM79
    |--A. stellaris Girault 1933 G33
    |--A. subauriceps Girault 1929 G29
    |--A. taurus Girault 1932 G32
    |--A. uncinctiventris Girault 1932 G32
    `--A. wallumbillae Girault 1924 G24

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C81] Caltagirone, L. E. 1981. Landmark examples in classical biological control. Annual Review of Entomology 26: 213-232.

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80-101).

[G19] Girault, A. A. 1919. Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea nova Australiensis. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 153-156).

[G24] Girault, A. A. 1924. Homo perniciosus and new Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 178-181).

[G25] Girault, A. A. 1925. An essay on when a fly is lovable, the ceremony of baptizing some and unlovely hate. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 187-190).

[G29] Girault, A. A. 1929. Description of a case of lunacy in Homo and of six-legged articulates. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 262-265).

[G32] Girault, A. A. 1932. New lower Hymenoptera from Australia and India. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 293-298).

[G33] Girault, A. A. 1933. Some beauties inhabitant not of commercial boudoirs but of Nature’s bosom, notably new insects. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 299-303).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Hayat, M. 1983. The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of the world. Systematic Entomology 8: 63-102.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: An annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1-98.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Encyrtidae

Female Anagyrus pseudococci alongside remains of mealybug host, copyright Kent M. Daane.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.
Contains: Aphycus, Encyrtinae.

The Encyrtidae are a family of small wasps whose larvae are mostly endoparasites of Hemiptera or insect larvae. They have been divided between two subfamilies, with females of the Tetracneminae possessing a narrow filament (paratergite) connecting the ovipositor to the eight metasomal tergite. Among tetracnemines, the species Anagyrus pseudococci has been widely reared commercially for use in mealybug control.

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Flagellum with at most 9 segments (plus occasionally one very small anellus); mesothoracic pleuron greatly enlarged, convex, transformed into a large, undivided shield; mid coxae much nearer to fore coxae than to hind ones; mesoscutum convex and short, notauli absent or indicated by superficial lines strongly converging to meet at the pointed front end of scutellum; axillae transverse, often meeting in midline; marginal vein often shorter than the stigmal.

<==Encyrtidae [Tetracneminae]
    |--Savzdargia hofferi HB13
    `--+--Encyrtinae HB13
       `--+--Leptomastides MH11
          `--+--Neodusmetia sangwani MH11
             `--Anagyrus HB13
                  |--*A. greeni Howard 1896 G17b, GM79
                  |--A. alpinus Girault 1917 G17b
                  |--A. antoninae C81
                  |--A. australiensis S07
                  |--A. pseudococci HB13
                  |--A. schoenherri A71
                  `--A. yuccae (Coquillett 1890) G17b, GM79 [=Blastothrix yuccae G17b]

Encyrtidae incertae sedis:
  Zealandencyrtus yasumatsui M83
  Epidinocarsis Girault 1913 G17b, GM79
    `--E. lopezi LS96
  Paracopidosomopsis Girault 1916 G17c, GM79
    |--P. coleophorae (Mayr 1875) GM79 [=Copidosoma coleophorae G17c]
    |--P. floridana Ashmead 1900 GM79
    |--P. hartmanni (Mayr 1875) GM79 [=Copidosoma hartmanni G17c]
    |--P. japonicus G17d
    |    |--P. j. japonicus G17d
    |    `--P. j. nippon Girault 1917 G17d
    `--P. javae Girault 1917 G17a
  Blastothrix Mayr 1875 A71, GM79
    |--B. brittanica Girault 1917 G17d
    |--B. hardyi Girault 1922 G22
    |--B. mercurius G22
    `--B. sericea (Dalman 1820) GM79
  Parablatticida Girault 1924 G21, GM79 [incl. Holanusia Girault 1924 G24, GM79]
  Anagyropsis Girault 1917 G24, GM79
    |--A. australiensis (Girault 1912) GM79
    `--A. burnsi Girault 1921 G21
  Schedius G27
    |--S. euxoae Girault 1927 G27
    `--S. kuvanae RD77
  Charitopus N91 [incl. Eupelmomorpha B88]
  Tetracyclos Kryger 1942 H83
    `--*T. boreios Kryger 1942 H83
  Oobius HB13
  Stemmatosteres H83
  Globulencyrtus Hoffer 1975 ST08
    |--*G. politus (Hoffer 1957) [=Semen politum] ST08
    `--G. dahmsi Simutnik & Trjapitzin 2008 T14
  Homalotylus S07
    |--H. flavimesopleuron Girault 1917 G17d
    |--H. microgaster Girault 1917 GM79
    `--H. orci Girault 1917 G17a
  Leptomastix N91
    |--L. bicoloricornis Girault 1915 GM79
    `--L. varithorax Girault 1923 G23
  Callipteroma N91
  Ananusia N91
  Dinocarsis B37
    |--D. fasciiscapus Girault 1932 G32b
    |--D. holbeini Girault 1923 G23b
    |--D. rotundiceps Girault 1932 G32a
    |--D. spica Girault 1921 GM79
    `--D. thyridopterigis B37
  Propelma rohdendorfi RJ93
  Aphycini S96
    |--Aphycus G32a
    `--Mucrencyrtus Noyes 1980 [Paraphycina] S96
         |--*M. insulanus Noyes 1980 S96
         |--M. aclerdae (De Santis 1972) [=Aenasioidea aclerdae] S96
         |--M. arundinariae Sharkov 1996 S96
         |--M. atratus Sharkov 1996 S96
         |--M. dbari Sharkov 1996 S96
         |--M. ecuadorensis Sharkov 1996 S96
         |--M. ferrierei (Burks 1964) [=Aenasioidea ferrierei] S96
         `--M. variabilis Sharkov 1996 S96
  Comones ferrierei S96
  Ageniaspis RD77

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B37] Balduf, W. V. 1937. Bionomic notes on the common bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haw., (Lepid., Psychidae) and its insect enemies (Hym., Lepid.). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 39 (7): 169–184.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[C81] Caltagirone, L. E. 1981. Landmark examples in classical biological control. Annual Review of Entomology 26: 213–232.

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Last updated: 14 March 2021.