Chenopodium

Pitseed goosefoot Chenopodium berlandieri, copyright Matt Lavin.

Belongs within: Chenopodiaceae.

Chenopodium, goosefoots, is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs and shrubs that often bear glandular or powdery leaves.

Characters (from Hickman 1993): Annual or perennial, glabrous, glandular, or powdery. Stalk with branches absent to generally more or less spreading. Leaves generally petioled, linear to deltate, entire to lobed, reduced upward; base generally tapered. Inflorescences spheric clusters, spikes, or panicle-like, generally dense; bracts gen absent; flowers generally sessile. Flower with calyx segments generally 5, fused or not, persistent, flat to keeled; stamens generally 5; ovary lenticular to spheric, stigmas 2–5. Seed vertical or horizontal, red-brown to black; wall very thin.

<==Chenopodium Linnaeus 1753 A61
    |--C. album H93 [incl. C. opulifolium H93, C. probstii H90]
    |--C. allanii Aellen 1939 [incl. C. triandrum Rich. 1832 non Forst. f. 1786] A61
    |--C. amaranticolor CR01
    |--C. amboanum CV06
    |--C. ambrosioides [incl. C. anthelminticum] H90
    |--C. atrovirens H93
    |--C. auricomiforme H90
    |--C. auricomum H90
    |--C. berlandieri [incl. C. berlandieri var. sinuatum, C. berlandieri var. zschackei] H93
    |--C. bonus-henricus C06
    |--C. botrys BB01
    |--C. californicum H93
    |--C. carinatum [=Blitum carinatum; incl. B. glandulosum] C06
    |--C. carnosulum H93
    |    |--C. c. var. carnosulum H93
    |    `--C. c. var. patagonicum H93
    |--C. centrorubrum MH98
    |--C. chenopodioides H93
    |--C. cristatum H90
    |--C. curvispicatum H90
    |--C. desertorum H90
    |    |--C. d. ssp. desertorum H90
    |    |--C. d. ssp. anidiophyllum H90
    |    |--C. d. ssp. microphyllum [incl. C. pseudomicrophyllum] H90
    |    |--C. d. ssp. rectum H90
    |    `--C. d. ssp. virosum H90
    |--C. desiccatum H93
    |--C. detestans Kirk 1877 A61
    |--C. erosum H90
    |--C. ficifolium C06
    |--C. foetidum C55b
    |--C. foliosum [incl. C. capitatum, C. overi] H93
    |--C. fremontii H93
    |--C. fruticosum C55a
    |--C. gaudichaudianum KM08
    |--C. giganteum Y98
    |--C. glaucum Linnaeus 1753 H93, A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |--C. graveolens C55b
    |--C. hians H93
    |--C. hybridum C55b
    |--C. incanum [=C. fremontii var. incanum] H93
    |    |--C. i. var. incanum H93
    |    `--C. i. var. occidentale H93
    |--C. incognitum H93
    |--C. leptophyllum H93
    |--C. macrospermum H93
    |    |--C. m. var. macrospermum H93
    |    `--C. m. var. halophilum [incl. C. macrospermum var. farinosum] H93
    |--C. melanocarpum KM08
    |--C. missouriense H93
    |--C. multifidum H93 [=Roubieva multifida Moq. 1834 C55b, C06]
    |--C. murale KM08
    |--C. nevadense H93
    |--C. nitrariaceum B00
    |--C. oahuense MK08
    |--C. pratericola [incl. C. desiccatum var. leptophylloides] H93
    |--C. pumilio Br. 1810 H90, A61
    |--C. purpurascens C55b
    |--C. pusillum Hook. f. 1864 [incl. C. pumilio Hook. f. 1854 non Br. 1810] A61
    |--C. quinoa CR01
    |--C. rubrum [incl. C. humile] H93
    |--C. simplex [incl. C. gigantospermum] H93
    |--C. sooanum RH96
    |--C. strictum H93
    |    |--C. s. var. strictum H93
    |    `--C. s. var. glaucophyllum H93
    |--C. truncatum H90
    |--C. urbicum CA27
    `--C. vulvaria BB01

Chenopodium glaucum Linnaeus 1753 H93, A61 [incl. C. ambiguum Br. 1810 H90, A61, C. glaucum var. ambiguum H90, C. glaucum ssp. salinum H93]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[BB01] Bedrossian, A. G., P. S. Beauchamp, B. Bernichi, V. Dev, K. Z. Kitaw & H. Rechtshaffen. 2001. Analysis of North American Chenopodium botrys essential oil isolation and structure of two new sesquiterpene alcohols. Journal of Essential Oil Research 13: 393–400.

[B00] Braby, M. F. 2000. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution vol. 2. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).

[C55a] Candolle, A. de. 1855a. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C55b] Candolle, A. de. 1855b. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[CR01] Chagas, C. M., V. Rossetti, A. Colariccio, O. Lovisolo, E. W. Kitajima & C. C. Childers. 2001. Brevipalpus mites (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) as vectors of plant viruses. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 369–375. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.

[CA27] Cockayne, L., & H. H. Allan. 1927. Notes on New Zealand floristic botany, including descriptions of new species, &c. (No. 5). Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 48–72.

[CV06] Craven, P., & P. Vorster. 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2): 175–189.

[H90] Harden, G. J. (ed.) 1990. Flora of New South Wales vol. 1. New South Wales University Press.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[KM08] Keighery, G. J., & W. Muir. 2008. Vegetation and vascular flora of Faure Island, Shark Bay, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 75: 11–19.

[MK08] Mockford, E. L., & P. D. Krushelnycky. 2008. New species and records of Liposcelis Motschulsky (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) from Hawaii with first description of the male of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel. Zootaxa 1766: 53–68.

[MH98] Morikawa, H., A. Higaki, M. Nohno, M. Takahashi, M. Kamada, M. Nakata, G. Toyohara, Y. Okamura, K. Matsui, S. Kitani, K. Fujita, K. Irifune & N. Goshima. 1998. More than a 600-fold variation in nitrogen dioxide assimilation among 217 plant taxa. Plant, Cell and Environment 21: 180–190.

[RH96] Remaudière, G., & S. E. Halbert. 1996. American species of the genus Brachyunguis Das (Homoptera: Aphididae), including two new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 249–255.

[Y98] Yannitsaros, A. 1998. Additions to the flora of Kithira (Greece) I. Willdenowia 28: 77–94.