Cardinalidae

Male painted bunting Passerina ciris ciris, copyright Don Faulkner.

Belongs within: Emberizoidea.
Contains: Habia, Piranga, Cardinalis, Cyanocompsa.

The Cardinalidae are a group of finch-like birds with more or less heavy, conical bills found in North and South America, the males of which are often brightly coloured (Orenstein & Brewer 2011).

Cardinalidae [Cardinalinae, Cardinalini, Richmondeninae]
    |  i. s.: Pitylus Cuvier 1829 [Pitylinae] B94
    |--+--Granatellus BKB15
    |  |    |--G. pelzelni JT12
    |  |    `--+--G. sallaei JT12
    |  |       `--G. venustus JT12
    |  `--Pheucticus Reichenbach 1850 BKB15, B94 [Pheucticinae]
    |       |  i. s.: P. chrysogaster (Lesson 1832) [=Pitylus chrysogaster] OB11
    |       |           |--P. c. chrysogaster OB11
    |       |           `--P. c. laubmanni Hellmayr & Seilern 1915 OB11
    |       |         P. chrysopeplus (Vigors 1832) [=Coccothraustes chrysopeplus] OB11
    |       |           |--P. c. chrysopeplus [incl. P. chrysopeplus rarissimus] OB11
    |       |           |--P. c. aurantiacus Salvin & Godman 1891 OB11
    |       |           `--P. c. dilutus van Rossem 1934 OB11
    |       |         P. tibialis Lawrence 1867 OB11
    |       |--P. ludovicianus (Linnaeus 1766) BKB15, H11 [=Loxia ludoviciana OB11, Hedymeles ludovicianus OB11]
    |       `--+--P. aureoventris (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye 1837) BKB15, OB11 [=Pitylus aureoventris OB11]
    |          |    |--P. a. aureoventris OB11
    |          |    |--P. a. crissalis Sclater & Salvin 1877 OB11
    |          |    |--P. a. meridensis Riley 1905 OB11
    |          |    |--P. a. terminalis Chapman 1919 OB11
    |          |    `--P. a. uropygialis Sclater & Salvin 1871 OB11
    |          `--P. melanocephalus (Swainson 1827) BKB15, OB11 (see below for synonymy)
    |               |--P. m. melanocephalus [incl. P. melanocephalus rostratus] OB11
    |               `--P. m. maculatus (Audubon 1837) OB11
    `--+--+--Habia BKB15
       |  `--+--Piranga JT12
       |     `--+--Cardinalis BKB15
       |        `--+--+--Rhodothraupis Ridgway 1898 JT12, OB11
       |           |  |    `--R. celaeno (Deppe 1830) [=Tanagra celaeno] OB11
       |           |  `--Periporphyrus Reichenbach 1850 JT12, OB11
       |           |       `--P. erythromelas (Gmelin 1789) [=Loxia erythromelas] OB11
       |           `--Caryothraustes Reichenbach 1850 JT12, OB11
       |                |--C. canadensis (Linnaeus 1766) [=Loxia canadensis] OB11
       |                |    |--C. c. canadensis OB11
       |                |    |--C. c. brasiliensis Cabanis 1851 H11
       |                |    |--C. c. frontalis (Hellmayr 1905) OB11
       |                |    `--C. c. simulans Nelson 1912 [=C. poliogaster simulans] OB111
       |                `--C. poliogaster (du Bus de Gisignies 1847) [=Pitylus poliogaster] OB11
       |                     |--C. p. poliogaster OB11
       |                     `--C. p. scapularis (Ridgway 1888) OB11
       `--+--Spiza Bonaparte 1824 BKB15, B94 [Spizinae]
          |    `--S. americana (Gmelin 1789) [=Emberiza americana; incl. E. townsendi] OB11
          `--+--Cyanocompsa JT12
             `--Passerina Vieillot 1816 JT12, B94 (see below for synonymy)
                  |  i. s.: ‘Guiraca’ cyanoides SS66
                  |--P. cyanea (Linnaeus 1766) JT12, OB11 [=Tanagra cyanea OB11]
                  `--+--+--P. amoena (Say 1822) JT12, OB11 [=Emberiza amoena OB11]
                     |  `--P. caerulea (Linnaeus 1758) JT12, OB11 [=Loxia caerulea OB11, Guiraca caerulea JF06]
                     |       |--P. c. caerulea [incl. P. caerulea mesophila] OB11
                     |       |--P. c. chiapensis (Nelson 1898) OB11
                     |       |--P. c. deltarhyncha (van Rossem 1938) OB11
                     |       |--P. c. eurhyncha (Coues 1874) OB11
                     |       |--P. c. interfusa (Dwight & Griscom 1927) OB11
                     |       |--P. c. lazula (Lesson 1842) OB11 [=Guiraca caerulea lazula FS55]
                     |       `--P. s. salicaria (Grinnell 1911) OB11
                     `--+--P. rositae (Lawrence 1874) JT12, OB11 [=Cyanospiza rositae OB11]
                        `--+--P. leclancherii Lafresnaye 1840 JT12, OB11
                           |    |--P. l. leclancherii OB11
                           |    `--P. l. grandior Griscom 1934 OB11
                           `--+--P. ciris (Linnaeus 1758) JT12, OB11 [=Emberiza ciris OB11]
                              |    |--P. c. ciris OB11
                              |    `--P. c. pallidior Mearns 1911 OB11
                              `--P. versicolor (Bonaparte 1838) JT12, OB11 [=Spiza versicolor OB11
                                   |--P. v. versicolor OB11
                                   |--P. v. dickeyae van Rossem 1934 OB11
                                   |--P. v. pulchra Ridgway 1887 OB11
                                   `--P. v. purpurascens Griscom 1930 OB11

Passerina Vieillot 1816 JT12, B94 [incl. Coccoborus Swainson 1837 B94, Cyanospiza Baird 1858 B94, Guiraca Swainson 1827 B94; Coccoborinae, Cyanospizinae, Guiracinae]

Pheucticus melanocephalus (Swainson 1827) BKB15, OB11 [=Guiraca melanocephalus OB11, Hedymeles melanocephalus RS72]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[FS55] Felten, H., & J. Steinbacher. 1955. Zur Vogelfauna von El Salvador. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36 (1–2): 9–19.

[H11] Hilty, S. L. 2011. Family Thraupidae (tanagers). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 46–329. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[JF06] Jønsson, K. A., & J. Fjeldså. 2006. A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds. Zoologica Scripta 35: 149–186.

[OB11] Orenstein, R. I., & D. Brewer. 2011. Family Cardinalidae (cardinals). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 330–427. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.

[RS72] Rising, J. D., & F. W. Schueler. 1972. How stable is binomial nomenclature? Systematic Zoology 21 (4): 438–439.

[SS66] Sclater, P. L., & O. Salvin. 1866. On some additions to the catalogue of birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Ucayali. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 566–567.