Rhodobacteraceae

Maricaulis maris, copyright Patrick Viollier.

Belongs within: Alphaproteobacteria.
Contains: Paracoccus.

The Rhodobacteraceae are a diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria including both photo- and chemoheterotrophic taxa, primarily found in aquatic environments.

Rhodobacteraceae [Rhodobacterales]
    |--+--Oceanicaulis Strömpl, Hold et al. 2003 SH03
    |  |    `--*O. alexandrii Strömpl, Hold et al. 2003 SH03
    |  `--Maricaulis SH03
    |       |--M. parjimensis SH03
    |       `--+--M. maris SH03
    |          `--M. washingtonensis SH03
    `--+--+--Hirschia baltica SH03
       |  `--Hyphomonas SH03
       |       |--H. jannaschiana SH03
       |       `--H. polymorpha SH03
       `--Caulobacteraceae [Caulobacterales] GH01
            |--Asticcacaulis GH01
            |--Phenylobacterium GH01
            |--Brevundimonas GH01
            |    |--B. diminuta SH03
            |    `--B. vesicularis IT03
            `--Caulobacter SH03
                 |--C. crescentus IT03
                 `--C. vibrioides SH03

Rhodobacteraceae incertae sedis:
  Rhodobacter MK03
    |--R. azotoformans I01
    |--R. blasticus [=Rhodopseudomonas blastica] I01
    |--R. capsulatus MK03
    |--R. sphaeroides I01
    `--R. veldkampii I01
  Ahrensia GH01
  Amaricoccus GH01
  Antarctobacter GH01
  Gemmobacter GH01
  Octadecabacter GH01
  Paracoccus GH01
  Rhodovulum GH01
    |--R. adriaticum [=Rhodobacter adriaticus, Rhodopseudomonas adriatica] I01
    |--R. euryhalinum [=Rhodobacter euryhalinus] I01
    |--R. strictum I01
    `--R. sulfidophilum [=Rhodobacter sulfidophilus, Rhodopseudomonas sulfidophila] I01
  Roseivivax GH01
    |--R. halodurans I01
    `--R. halotolerans I01
  Roseobacter GH01
    |--R. denitrificans I01
    `--R. litoralis I01
  Roseovarius tolerans GH01, I01
  Rubrimonas cliftonensis GH01, I01
  Ruegeria GH01
  Sagittula GH01
  Staleya GH01
  Stappia GH01
  Sulfitobacter GH01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[GH01] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001. The road map to the Manual. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2^nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 119–166. Springer.

[I01] Imhoff, J. F. 2001. The anoxygenic phototrophic purple bacteria. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2^nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 631–637. Springer.

[IT03] Inagaki, F., K. Takai, H. Hirayama, Y. Yamato, K. H. Nealson & K. Horikoshi. 2003. Distribution and phylogenetic diversity of the subsurface microbial community in a Japanese epithermal gold mine. Extremophiles 7: 307–317.

[MK03] Mori, K., H. Kim, T. Kakegawa & S. Hanada. 2003. A novel lineage of sulfate-reducing microorganisms: Thermodesulfobiaceae fam. nov., Thermodesulfobium narugense, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new thermophilic isolate from a hot spring. Extremophiles 7: 283–290.

[SH03] Strömpl, C., G. L. Hold, H. Lünsdorf, J. Graham, S. Gallacher, W.-R. Abraham, E. R. B. Moore & K. N. Timmis. 2003. Oceanicaulis alexandrii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel stalked bacterium isolated from a culture of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Balech. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1901–1906.

Paracoccus

Paracoccus denitrificans, copyright Richard Ewans-Gowing.

Belongs within: Rhodobacteraceae.

Paracoccus is a genus of Gram-negative, mostly non-motile bacteria found growing on a wide range of organic substances.

<==Paracoccus
    |--+--P. kondratievae Doronina & Trotsenko 2001 BJ03, JC08
    |  `--+--P. methylutens BJ03
    |     `--+--P. pantotrophus BJ03
    |        `--P. versutus BJ03
    `--+--+--P. kocurii BJ03
       |  `--+--P. alkenifer BJ03
       |     `--P. solventivorans BJ03
       |--+--P. zeaxanthinifaciens Berry, Janssens et al. 2003 BJ03
       |  `--+--P. carotinifaciens BJ03
       |     `--P. marcusii BJ03
       `--+--+--P. alcaliphilus BJ03
          |  `--P. aminovorans BJ03
          `--+--P. thiocyanatus BJ03
             `--+--P. aminophilus BJ03
                `--P. denitrificans BJ03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BJ03] Berry, A., D. Janssens, M. Hümbelin, J. P. M. Jore, B. Hoste, I. Cleenwerck, M. Vancanneyt, W. Bretzel, A. F. Mayer, R. Lopez-Ulibarri, B. Shanmugam, J. Swings & L. Pasamontes. 2003. Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens sp. nov., a zeaxanthin-producing bacterium. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 231–238.

[JC08] Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. 2008. Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 1755–1763.

Burkholderiales

Tomato stem infected with Ralstonia solanacearum, copyright Clemson University.

Belongs within: Chromatibacteria.
Contains: Alcaligenaceae, Comamonadaceae, Burkholderia.

The Burkholderiales are a group of Gram-negative bacteria united by phylogenetic analyses.

Burkholderiales GH01
    |--Burkholderiaceae GH01
    |    |--Burkholderia BL03
    |    |--Cupriavidus GH01
    |    |--Lautropia GH01
    |    `--Thermothrix thiopara GH01, PHK96
    `--+--Pandoraea BL03
       |    |  i. s.: P. apista CV03
       |    |--P. sputorum BL03
       |    `--+--P. norimbergensis BL03
       |       `--P. pulmonicola BL03
       `--+--Candidatus Glomeribacter Bianciotto, Lumini et al. 2003 BL03
          |    `--*G. gigasporarum Bianciotto, Lumini et al. 2003 BL03
          `--Ralstonia [Ralstoniaceae] BL03
               |  i. s.: R. eutropha NL03
               |         R. metallidurans NL03
               |--R. solanacearum BL03
               `--+--R. gilardii BL03
                  `--R. paucula BL03

Burkholderiales incertae sedis:
  Alcaligenaceae GH01
  ‘Pseudomonas’ testosteroni PHK96
  Comamonadaceae GH01
  Oxalobacteraceae GH01
    |--Oxalobacter GH01
    |--Duganella GH01
    |--Janthinobacterium GH01
    |--Telluria GH01
    `--Herbaspirillum VV03
         |--*H. seropedicae VV03
         |--H. frisingense Kirchhof et al. 2001 JC08
         |--H. lusitanum Valverde, Velázquez et al. 2003 VV03
         `--H. rubrisubalbicans [=Pseudomonas rubrisubalbicans] VV03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BL03] Bianciotto, V., E. Lumini, P. Bonfante & P. Vandamme. 2003. ‘Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum’ gen. nov., sp. nov., an endosymbiont of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 121–124.

[CV03] Coenye, T., M. Vancanneyt, M. C. Cnockaert, E. Falsen, J. Swings & P. Vandamme. 2003. Kerstersia gyiorum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel Alcaligenes faecalis-like organism isolated from human clinical samples, and reclassification of Alcaligenes denitrificans Rüger and Tan 1983 as Achromobacter denitrificans comb. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1825–1831.

[GH01] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001. The road map to the Manual. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2^nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 119–166. Springer.

[JC08] Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. 2008. Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 1755–1763.

[NL03] Notomista, E. A. Lahm, A. Di Donato & A. Tramontano. 2003. Evolution of bacterial and archaeal multicomponent monooxygenases. Journal of Molecular Evolution 56: 435–445.

[PHK96] Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology 3^rd ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

[VV03] Valverde, A., E. Velázquez, C. Gutiérrez, E. Cervantes, A. Ventosa & J.-M. Igual. 2003. Herbaspirillum lusitanum sp. nov., a novel nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with root nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1979–1983.

Alcaligenaceae

Sample of Bordetella bronchiseptica, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Belongs within: Burkholderiales.

The Alcaligenaceae are a diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria united by molecular phylogenetic analysis. Members have been found in a range of terrestrial and aquatic environments, with some being animal pathogens.

<==Alcaligenaceae
    |  i. s.: Pelistega europaea GH01, CVC03
    |         Sutterella GH01
    |         Taylorella equigenitalis GH01, CVC03
    |--Alcaligenes CVF03
    |    |--*A. faecalis CVC03
    |    |    |--A. f. var. faecalis PHK96
    |    |    `--A. f. var. myxogenes PHK96
    |    |--A. defragans CVF03
    |    `--A. eutrophus NL03
    `--+--Pigmentiphaga kullae CVF03
       `--+--Kerstersia Coenye, Vancanneyt et al. 2003 CVF03, CVC03
          |    `--*K. gyiorum Coenye, Vancanneyt et al. 2003 CVC03
          `--+--Achromobacter Yabuuchi & Yano 1981 CVF03
             |    |  i. s.: A. lyticus WGJ98
             |    |--+--A. piechaudii [=Alcaligenes piechaudii] CVF03
             |    |  `--A. spanius Coenye, Vancanneyt et al. 2003 CVF03
             |    `--+--*A. xylosoxidans CVF03
             |       `--+--A. insolitus Coenye, Vancanneyt et al. 2003 CVF03
             |          `--+--A. denitrificans (Rüger & Tan) Coenye, Vancanneyt et al. 2003 CVF03, CVC03 (see below for synonymy)
             |             `--A. ruhlandii [=Alcaligenes ruhlandii] CVF03
             `--Bordetella CVF03
                  |--B. petrii CVF03
                  `--+--B. avium CVF03
                     `--+--B. trematum CVF03
                        `--+--B. hinzii CVF03
                           `--+--+--*B. pertussis CVC03, CVF03
                              |  `--B. holmesii CVF03
                              `--+--B. bronchiseptica CVF03
                                 `--B. parapertussis CVF03

Achromobacter denitrificans (Rüger & Tan) Coenye, Vancanneyt et al. 2003 CVF03, CVC03 [=Alcaligenes denitrificans Rüger & Tan 1983 CVC03, Achromobacter xylosoxidans ssp. denitrificans CVC03]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CVC03] Coenye, T., M. Vancanneyt, M. C. Cnockaert, E. Falsen, J. Swings & P. Vandamme. 2003. Kerstersia gyiorum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel Alcaligenes faecalis-like orgtanism isolated from human clinical samples, and reclassification of Alcaligenes denitrificans Rüger and Tan 1983 as Achromobacter denitrificans comb. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1825–1831.

[CVF03] Coenye, T., M. Vancanneyt, E. Falsen, J. Swings & P. Vandamme. 2003. Achromobacter insolitus sp. nov. and Achromobacter spanius sp. nov., from human clinical samples. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1819–1824.

[GH01] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001. The road map to the Manual. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 119–166. Springer.

[NL03] Notomista, E. A. Lahm, A. Di Donato & A. Tramontano. 2003. Evolution of bacterial and archaeal multicomponent monooxygenases. Journal of Molecular Evolution 56: 435–445.

[PHK96] Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology 3^rd ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

[WGJ98] Wright, D. S., L. D. Graham & P. A. Jennings. 1998. Cloning of a Lysobacter enzymogenes gene that encodes an arginyl endopeptidase (endoproteinase Arg-C). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1443: 369–374.

Comamonadaceae

Cells of Comamonas testosteroni, from Weiss et al. (2013).

Belongs within: Burkholderiales.

The Comamonadaceae are a diverse group of mostly aerobic and heterotrophic bacteria that are united by molecular phylogenetic analyses.

<==Comamonadaceae
    |--+--Variovorax paradoxus MSF03
    |  `--Xylophilus ampelinus MSF03
    `--+--Rhodoferax fermentans MSF03
       `--+--Acidovorax MSF03
          |    |--A. facilis MSF03
          |    `--+--A. avenae MSF03
          |       `--A. konjaci MSF03
          `--+--Aquaspirillum MSF03
             |    |--A. magnetotacticum PHK96 [=Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum ALS95]
             |    |--A. metamorphum ALS95
             |    |--A. psychrophilum MSF03
             |    |--A. serpens PHK96
             |    `--A. sinuosum PHK96
             `--+--Alicycliphilus Mechichi, Stackebrandt & Fuchs 2003 MSF03
                |    `--*A. denitrificans Mechichi, Stackebrandt & Fuchs 2003 MSF03
                `--+--Xenophilus azovorans MSF03
                   `--+--Hydrogenophaga MSF03
                      |    |--H. intermedia Contzen et al. 2001 MSF03, JC08
                      |    `--+--+--H. flava MSF03
                      |       |  `--H. pseudoflava MSF03
                      |       `--+--H. palleronii MSF03
                      |          `--H. taeniospiralis MSF03
                      `--+--Delftia acidovorans MSF03
                         `--+--Brachymonas denitrificans MSF03
                            `--Comamonas MSF03
                                 |  i. s.: C. koreensis Chang et al. 2002 JC08
                                 |--C. testosteroni MSF03
                                 `--+--C. terrigena MSF03
                                    `--+--C. denitrificans Gumaelius et al. 2001 MSF03, JC08
                                       `--C. nitrativorans MSF03

Comamonadaceae incertae sedis:
  Rubrivivax gelatinosus CV03, I01 [=Rhodocyclus gelatinosus I01, Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa I01]
  Ideonella CV03
  ‘Alcaligenes’ latus CV03
  Aquabacterium GH01
  Leptothrix GH01
    |--L. cholodnii PHK96
    |--L. discophora PHK96
    `--L. lopholea PHK96
  Polaromonas GH01
  Roseateles GH01
  Sphaerotilus natans GH01, PHK96
  Thiomonas thermosulfata GH01, MK03

Nomen invalidum: Rhodoferax antarcticus Madigan et al. 2001 JC08

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[ALS95] Amann, R. I., W. Ludwig & K.-H. Schleifer. 1995. Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbiological Reviews 59 (1): 143–169.

[CV03] Coenye, T., M. Vancanneyt, M. C. Cnockaert, E. Falsen, J. Swings & P. Vandamme. 2003. Kerstersia gyiorum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel Alcaligenes faecalis-like organism isolated from human clinical samples, and reclassification of Alcaligenes denitrificans Rüger and Tan 1983 as Achromobacter denitrificans comb. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1825–1831.

[GH01] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001. The road map to the Manual. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 119–166. Springer.

[I01] Imhoff, J. F. 2001. The anoxygenic phototrophic purple bacteria. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 631–637. Springer.

[JC08] Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. 2008. Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 1755–1763.

[MSF03] Mechichi, T., E. Stackbrandt & G. Fuchs. 2003. Alicycliphilus denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., a cyclohexanol-degrading, nitrate-reducing β-proteobacterium. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 147–152.

[MK03] Mori, K., H. Kim, T. Kakegawa & S. Hanada. 2003. A novel lineage of sulfate-reducing microorganisms: Thermodesulfobiaceae fam. nov., Thermodesulfobium narugense, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new thermophilic isolate from a hot spring. Extremophiles 7: 283–290.

[PHK96] Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology 3^rd ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

Burkholderia

Cells of Burkholderia cepacia, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Belongs within: Burkholderiales.

Burkholderia is a genus of rod-shaped, usually motile, Gram-negative bacteria, members of which are obligately aerobic and able to utilise poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate for growth. Species of this genus may be facultative pathogens of plants or animals (including humans), or they may be environmentally significant soil bacteria.

<==Burkholderia
    |  i. s.: B. fungorum GP03
    |         B. graminis PR03
    |         B. hospita Goris, Dejonghe et al. 2003^VP IJSEM03
    |         B. kururensis NL03
    |         B. picketii NL03
    |         B. pseudomallei WR03
    |         B. solanacearum [=Pseudomonas solanacearum] PHK96
    |         B. terricola Goris, Dejonghe et al. 2003^VP IJSEM03
    |         B. vietnamiensis SC03
    |--Candidatus B. kirkii BL03
    `--+--B. caryophylli BL03
       `--+--B. cepacia BL03 [=Pseudomonas cepacia PHK96]
          `--B. gladioli BL03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BL03] Bianciotto, V., E. Lumini, P. Bonfante & P. Vandamme. 2003. ‘Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum’ gen. nov., sp. nov., an endosymbiont of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 121–124.

[GP03] Gupta, R. S., M. Pereira, C. Chandrasekara & V. Johari. 2003. Molecular signatures in protein sequences that are characteristic of cyanobacteria and plastid homologues. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1833–1842.

[IJSEM03] IJSEM. 2003. Validation list no. 89. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1–2.

[NL03] Notomista, E. A. Lahm, A. Di Donato & A. Tramontano. 2003. Evolution of bacterial and archaeal multicomponent monooxygenases. Journal of Molecular Evolution 56: 435–445.

[PR03] Peix, A., R. Rivas, P. F. Mateos, E. Martínez-Molina, C. Rodríguez-Barrueco & E. Velázquez. 2003. Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae sp. nov., a novel species that actively solubilizes phosphate in vitro. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 2067–2072.

[PHK96] Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology 3^rd ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

[SC03] Sjöling, S., & D. A. Cowan. 2003. High 16S rDNA bacterial diversity in glacial meltwater lake sediment, Bratina Island, Antarctica. Extremophiles 7: 275–282.

[WR03] Wenzel, M., R. Radek, G. Brugerolle & H. König. 2003. Identification of the ectosymbiotic bacteria of Mixotricha paradoxa involved in movement symbiosis. European Journal of Protistology 39 (1): 11–23.

Xanthomonas

Flag leaves showing symptoms of infection with Xanthomonas translucens, copyright E. A. Milus.

Belongs within: Chromatibacteria.

Xanthomonas is a genus of motile, rod-shaped bacteria found growing in association with plants, often causing diseases such as bacterial spots and blights.

Xanthomonas
    |--X. albilineans RG04
    |--X. arboricola RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. arboricola RG04
    |    `--X. a. pv. juglandis RG04
    |--X. axonopodis RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. axonopodis RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. alfalfae RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. allii (Kadota, Uehara et al.) Roumagnac, Gagnevin et al. 2004 (see below for synonymy) RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. aurantifolii RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. begoniae RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. citri RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. citrumelo RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. coracanae RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. glycines RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. malvacearum RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. manihotis RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. phaseoli RG04
    |    |    |--X. a. pv. p. var. phaseoli RG04
    |    |    `--X. a. pv. p. var. fuscans RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. sesbaniae RG04
    |    |--X. a. pv. vesicatoria RG04
    |    `--X. a. pv. vitians RG04
    |--X. bromi RG04
    |--X. campestris RG04
    |--X. cassavae RG04
    |--X. codiaei RG04
    |--X. cucurbitae RG04
    |--X. cynarae RG04
    |--X. fragariae RG04
    |--X. hortorum RG04
    |    |--X. h. pv. hortorum RG04
    |    `--X. h. pv. pelargonii RG04
    |--X. hyacinthi RG04
    |--X. maltophila PHK96
    |--X. melonis RG04
    |--X. oryzae RG04
    |--X. pisi RG04
    |--X. populi RG04
    |--X. sacchari RG04
    |--X. theicola RG04
    |--X. translucens RG04
    |--X. vasicola RG04
    |    |--X. v. pv. vasicola RG04
    |    `--X. v. pv. holcicola RG04
    `--X. vesicatoria RG04

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii (Kadota, Uehara et al.) Roumagnac, Gagnevin et al. 2004 [=X. campestris pv. allii Kadota, Uehara et al. 2000] RG04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology 3^rd ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

Roumagnac, P., L. Gagnevin, L. Gardan, L. Sutra, C. Manceau, E. R. Dickstein, J. B. Jones, P. Rott & O. Pruvost. 2004. Polyphasic characterization of xanthomonads isolated from onion, garlic and Welsh onion (Allium spp.) and their relatedness to different Xanthomonas species. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54: 15–24.

Ectothiorhodospiraceae

Culture of Thialkalivibrio, copyright Dimitri Yu. Sorokin.

Belongs within: Chromatibacteria.

The Ectothiorhodospiraceae are a group of phototrophic and chemotrophic bacteria that live in saline and alkaline growth conditions (Imhoff 2001).

Characters (from Imhoff 2001): Phototrophic or chemotrophic; phototrophic members depositing elemental sulphur outside their cells during oxidation of sulphide. Lamellar intracellular membrane structures present. Photosynthetic pigment (if present) bacteriochlorophyll a or b; cytochrome c type c₅₅₁; major quinones MK-8/Q-8, MK-7/Q-7 or Q-8; major fatty acid C_18:1 (60–75%).

Ectothiorhodospiraceae [Ectothiorhodaceae]
    |--+--+--Thiorhodospira sibirica H-RM03
    |  |  `--Thiorhodovibrio winogradskyi H-RM03
    |  `--+--Thiorhodococcus minor H-RM03 [=T. minus I01]
    |     `--Allochromatium H-RM03
    |          |--A. minutissimum [=Chromatium minutissimum] I01
    |          |--A. vinosum H-RM03 [=Chromatium vinosum I01]
    |          `--A. warmingii [=Chromatium warmingii] I01
    `--+--+--+--Arhodomonas aquaeolei ST03
       |  |  `--Nitrococcus mobilis ST03
       |  `--Halorhodospira ST03
       |       |--+--*H. halophila H-RM03 [=Ectothiorhodospira halophila I01]
       |       |  `--H. neutriphila Hirschler-Réa, Matheron et al. 2003 (nom. inv.) H-RM03, JC08
       |       `--+--H. abdelmalekii ST03 [=Ectothiorhodospira abdelmalekii I01]
       |          `--H. halochloris ST03 [=Ectothiorhodospira halochloris I01]
       `--+--Ectothiorhodospira ST03
          |    |--E. mobilis H-RM03
          |    `--+--+--E. shaposhnikovii H-RM03
          |       |  `--E. vacuolata H-RM03
          |       `--+--E. marismortui H-RM03
          |          `--+--E. haloalkaliphila H-RM03
          |             `--E. marina H-RM03
          `--Thialkalivibrio ST03
               |--T. denitrificans ST03
               `--+--+--T. nitratireducens Sorokin, Tourova et al. 2003 ST03
                  |  `--T. paradoxus ST03
                  `--+--+--T. jannaschii ST03
                     |  `--T. versutus ST03
                     `--+--T. nitratis ST03
                        `--T. thiocyanoxidans ST03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H-RM03] Hirschler-Réa, A., R. Matheron, C. Riffaud, S. Mouné, C. Eatock, R. A. Herbert, J. C. Willison & P. Caumette. 2003. Isolation and characterization of spirilloid purple phototrophic bacteria forming red layers in microbial mats of Mediterranean salterns: description of Halorhodospira neutriphila sp. nov. and emendation of the genus Halorhodospira. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 153–163.

[I01] Imhoff, J. F. 2001. The anoxygenic phototrophic purple bacteria. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 631–637. Springer.

[JC08] Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. 2008. Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 1755–1763.

[ST03] Sorokin, D. Yu., T. P. Tourova, K. A. Sjollema & J. G. Kuenen. 2003. Thialkalivibrio nitratireducens sp. nov., a nitrate-reducing member of an autotrophic denitrifying consortium from a soda lake. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1779–1783.

Chromatiaceae

Colony of Thiocystis, copyright Patterson, David J.; Zettler Amaral, Linda; Edgcomb Virginia.

Belongs within: Chromatibacteria.

The Chromatiaceae are a group of anoxygenic phototrophic purple sulphur bacteria that, under the right growth conditions, deposit globules of elemental sulphur inside their cells (Imhoff 2001).

Characters (from Imhoff 2001): Photoautotrophic, anaerobic, using sulphide or elemental sulphur as an electron donor; major photosynthetic pigment bacteriochlorophyll a or b. Occasionally growing photoheterotrophically, chemoautotrophically or chemoheterotrophically. Usually possessing vesicular-type intracellular membranes; depositing globules of elemental sulphur inside cells. Flagella and/or gas vesicles may be present. Major type of cytochrome C c₅₅₁; major quinones MK-8/Q-8; major fatty acids C_16:0, C_16:1, C_18:1 (32–45%).

Chromatiaceae [Endothiorhodaceae, Thiorhodaceae]
    |--Thiospirillum jenense I01
    |--Lamprobacter modestohalophilus I01
    |--Thiopedia rosea I01
    |--Isochromatium buderi [=Chromatium buderi] I01
    |--Nitrosococcus oceanus GH01, PHK96
    |--Pfennigia GH01
    |--Rhabdochromatium marinum I01
    |--Thermochromatium tepidum [=Chromatium tepidum] I01
    |--Thiococcus pfennigii [=Thiocapsa pfennigii] I01
    |--Thiohalocapsa halophila [=Thiocapsa halophila] I01
    |--Thiolamprovum pedioforme [=Amoebobacter pedioforme] I01
    |--Lamprocystis I01
    |    |--L. purpurea (Eichler & Pfennig 1989) Imhoff 2001 JC08 [=Amoebobacter purpureus I01]
    |    `--L. roseopersicina I01
    |--Thiodictyon I01
    |    |--T. bacillosum I01
    |    `--T. elegans I01
    |--Marichromatium I01
    |    |--M. gracile [=Chromatium gracile] I01
    |    `--M. purpuratum [=Chromatium purpuratum] I01
    |--Chromatium I01
    |    |--C. okenii I01
    |    `--C. weissei I01
    |--Halochromatium I01
    |    |--H. glycolicum [=Chromatium glycolicum] I01
    |    `--H. salexigens [=Chromatium salexigens] I01
    |--Thiocapsa I01
    |    |--T. pendens [=Amoebobacter pendens] I01
    |    |--T. rosea [=Amoebobacter roseus] I01
    |    `--T. roseopersicina I01
    `--Thiocystis I01
         |--T. gelatinosa I01
         |--T. minor [=Chromatium minus] I01
         |--T. violacea I01
         `--T. violascens [=Chromatium violascens] I01

Nomen invalidum: Marichromatium marinum [=Rhodobacter marinus] I01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[GH01] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001. The road map to the Manual. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 119–166. Springer.

[I01] Imhoff, J. F. 2001. The anoxygenic phototrophic purple bacteria. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 631–637. Springer.

[JC08] Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. 2008. Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 1755–1763.

[PHK96] Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology 3^rd ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

Buchia

Buchia crassicollis, copyright Erica Clites.

Belongs within: Bivalvia.

Buchia is a genus of mussel-like bivalves known from the Middle Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous (Cox et al. 1969).

Characters (from Cox et al. 1969): Strongly prosocline, height well exceeding length; highly inequivalve, left valve strongly convex with more or less prominently projecting umbo and prosogyrous beak, right valve flat to feebly convex with its umbo scarcely projecting; right anterior auricle concave tonguelike process which is not in alignment with hinge margin but extends toward left valve and rests in socket in its cardinal area in front of beak; cardinal area an inequilateral triangle of moderate breadth in each valve, with shallow ligamental pit directed backward from beak, pit of left valve with raised margins; ornament of concentric ridges or ribs, occasionally with subordinate radial threads.

<==Buchia Rouillier 1845 SY85
    |--B. bulloides K79
    |--B. crassicollis K79
    |--B. donganensis Sha & Yuan 1985 SY85
    |--B. fischeriana (d’Orbigny 1888) [=Aucella fischeriana, A. fischeri] SY85
    |--B. inflata K79
    |    |--B. i. inflata K79
    |    `--B. i. crassa K79
    |--B. keyserlingi K79
    |--B. lahuseni [=Aucella lahuseni] SY85
    |--B. mosquensis H79
    |--B. obliqua SY85
    |--B. okensis (see below for synonymy) SY85
    |--B. orbicularis SY85
    |--B. pacifica K79
    |--B. poichii SY85
    |--B. subinflata SY85
    |--B. subokensis [=Aucella subokensis, B. okensis var. subokensis] SY85
    |--B. subunchensis Sha & Yuan 1985 SY85
    |--B. talmatschowi K79
    |--B. terebratuloides SY85
    |--B. trigonoides (Lahusen 1888) [=Aucella trigonoides] SY85
    |--B. uncitoides SY85
    |--B. unschensis SY85
    `--B. volgensis (Lahusen 1888) (see below for synonymy) SY85

Buchia okensis [=Aucella okensis; incl. A. canadiana Crickmay 1930, Buchia okensis var. canadiana, A. cascadensis Crickmay 1930] SY85

Buchia volgensis (Lahusen 1888) [=Aucella volgensis; incl. A. occidentalis Anderson 1945, Buchia occidentalis, A. volgensis var. radiolata Pavlow 1896] SY85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Cox, L. R., N. D. Newell et al. 1969. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt N. Bivalvia vol. 1. The Geological Society of America, Inc. and The University of Kansas.

[H79] Hölder, H. 1979. Jurassic. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A390–A417. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[SY85] Sha J.-G. & Yuan F.-S. 1985. Buchia fauna from Dong’anzhen Formation near Dong’an of Raohe County, Heilongjiang. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 24 (6): 651–662.

Inoceramus

Inoceramus hobetsensis, photographed by Daderot.

Belongs within: Pteriomorphia.

Inoceramus is a diverse genus of pteriomorph molluscs known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

Characters (from Cox et al. 1969): Subequivalve to strongly inequivalve, ovate, trapeziform or suborbicular; posterior wing variably developed; ligamental area concave transversely; radial ornament rarely present; outer ostracum occasionally very thick.

<==Inoceramus Smith 1816 B59
    |--I. involutus [=*I. cuvieri (preoc.)] B59
    |--I. adgjakendensis K79
    |--I. amakusensis K79
    |--I. anglicus K79
    |    |--I. a. anglicus K79
    |    |--I. a. conjugalis K79
    |    `--I. a. elongatus K79
    |--I. apicalis K79
    |--I. arvanus K79
    |--I. athabaskensis K79
    |--I. aucella K79
    |--I. awajiensis K79
    |--I. azerbaidjanensis K79
    |--I. balchii K79
    |--I. barabini Morton 1834 [incl. I. crispii Conrad 1857] W77
    |--I. bellvuensis K79
    |--I. browni K79
    |--I. carsoni RC02
    |--I. colonicus K79
    |--I. comancheanus K79
    |--I. concentricus K79
    |    |--I. c. concentricus K79
    |    |--I. c. costatus K79
    |    `--I. c. nipponicus K79
    |--I. convexus K79
    |--I. costellatus K79
    |--I. crassalatus White 1877 W77
    |--I. crassus K79
    |--I. crippsi K79
    |--I. deformis Meek 1872 W77
    |--I. dimidius White 1874 W77
    |--I. dubius M79
    |--I. dunveganensis K79
    |--I. elegans K79
    |    |--I. e. elegans K79
    |    `--I. e. pseudosulcatus K79
    |--I. erectus K79
    |--I. ernsti K79
    |--I. eulessanus K79
    |--I. fasciculatus K79
    |--I. flaccidus White 1877 W77
    |--I. flavus K79
    |--I. fragilis Hall & Meek 1856 W77
    |--I. furnivali K79
    |--I. ginterensis K79
    |--I. hetonaianus K79
    |--I. hobetsensis K79
    |--I. howelli K79
    |--I. humboldti K79
    |--I. inaequivalvis K79
    |--I. japonicus K79
    |--I. kedrovensis K79
    |--I. kleini K79
    |--I. kusiroensis K79
    |--I. labiatiformis K79
    |--I. lamarcki K79
    |--I. macconnelli K79
    |--I. maclearni K79
    |--I. madagascariensis RC02
    |--I. mihoensis K79
    |--I. mukawaensis K79
    |--I. nahwisi K79
    |--I. naumanni [=Sphenoceramus naumanni] K79
    |--I. nebrascensis K79
    |--I. oblongus K79
    |--I. opetius Wellman 1959 S98
    |--I. orientalis [=Sphenoceramus orientalis] K79
    |--I. ovatoides K79
    |--I. pennatulus K79
    |--I. perplexus K79
    |--I. pertenuis K79
    |--I. pictus RC02
    |    |--I. p. pictus K79
    |    `--I. p. etheridgei K79
    |--I. prefragilis K79
    |--I. problematicus (Schlotheim 1820) (see below for synonymy) W77
    |--I. quadrans K79
    |--I. reachensis K79
    |--I. redbirdensis K79
    |--I. reduncus K79
    |--I. rotundatus K79
    |--I. rutherfordi K79
    |--I. sagensis K79
    |--I. schloenbachi K79
    |--I. schmidti [=Sphenoceramus schmidti] K79
    |--I. securiformis K79
    |--I. serotinus K79
    |--I. shikotaensis K79
    |--I. simpsoni K79
    |--I. stantoni K79
    |--I. subcompressus K79
    |--I. subundatus K79
    |--I. sutherlandi RC02
    |--I. tenuilineatus K79
    |--I. tenuis K79
    |--I. tenuiumbonatus K79
    |--I. teshioensis K79
    |--I. typicus K79
    |--I. uwajimensis K79
    |    |--I. u. uwajimensis K79
    |    `--I. u. yeharai K79
    |--I. vanuxemi K79
    |--I. waltersdorfensis K79
    |    |--I. w. waltersdorfensis K79
    |    `--I. w. hannovrensis K79
    |--I. yabai K79
    |--I. yokoyamai K79
    `--I. yubariensis K79

Inoceramus problematicus (Schlotheim 1820) [=Mytilus problematicus; incl. M. labiatus Brongniart 1822, Inoceratus mytiloides Goldfuss 1836] W77

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B59] Boreham, A. U. E. 1959. Cretaceous fossils from the Chatham Islands. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 86 (1): 119–125.

Cox, L. R., N. D. Newell et al. 1969. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt N. Bivalvia vol. 1. The Geological Society of America, Inc. and The University of Kansas.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[M79] Müller, A. H. 1979. Fossilization (taphonomy). In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A2–A78. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[RC02] Riding, J. B., & J. A. Crame. 2002. Aptian to Coniacian (Early–Late Cretaceous) palynostratigraphy of the Gustav Group, James Ross Basin, Antarctica. Cretaceous Research 23: 739–760.

[S98] Stilwell, J. D. 1998. Late Cretaceous Mollusca from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Alcheringa 22 (1): 29–85.

[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1–219, pls 1–21.

Alteromonadaceae

Biofilm containing Alteromonas sp. and diatom Navicula incerta, from Rivas & Riquelme (2012).

Belongs within: Chromatibacteria.
Contains: Pseudoalteromonas.

The Alteromonadaceae are a group of marine gamma-Proteobacteria defined on phylogenetic grounds.

Characters (from Ivanova & Mikhailov 2001): Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. Motile by single flagellum, sometimes sheathed, occasionally forming lateral flagella, fimbria or other sheath-like structure. Not forming endospores or microcysts; sometimes forming capsules. Requiring Na⁺-ions for growth; sometimes capable of growth in media containing 15% salts. Chemoorganotrophs; oxygen used as electron acceptor. Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Usually not denitrifying; arginine dehydrolase absent. Usually utilising glucose, fructose, not utilising mannose. Major isoprenoid quinone usually Q₈. Major fatty acids i15:0, 16:0, 16:1 (n-7). G+C content of DNA ranging from 35–50%.

Alteromonadaceae [Alteromonadales]
    |--+--Shewanella GH01
    |  |    |  i. s.: S. frigidimarina DH03
    |  |    |         S. violacea HH03
    |  |    |--S. algae RU03
    |  |    `--+--S. amazonensis RU03
    |  |       `--S. putrefaciens RU03
    |  `--+--Psychromonas DH03
    |     |    |--P. antarctica DH03
    |     |    `--P. kaikoi IT03
    |     `--Moritella RU03
    |          |--M. japonica DH03
    |          |--M. marina YH03
    |          `--M. yayanosii IT03
    `--+--+--+--‘Pseudoalteromonas’ bacteriolytica KI03
       |  |  `--‘Pseudoalteromonas’ sagamiensis Kobayashi, Imada et al. 2003 KI03
       |  `--+--Idiomarina KI03
       |     |    |--+--I. abyssalis DH03
       |     |    |  `--I. loihiensis Donachie, Hou et al. 2003 DH03
       |     |    `--+--I. baltica DH03
       |     |       `--I. zobellii DH03
       |     `--+--Thalassomonas viridans KI03
       |        `--Colwellia KI03
       |             |--C. demingiae IM01
       |             |--C. hadaliensis IM01
       |             |--C. hornerae KI03
       |             |--C. maris KI03
       |             |--C. psychrerythraea KI03
       |             |--C. psychrotropica IM01
       |             `--C. rossensis IM01
       `--+--Pseudoalteromonas KI03
          |--Glaciecola DH03
          |    |--G. pallidula KI03
          |    `--G. punicea KI03
          `--Alteromonas Baumann, Mandel & Allen 1972 KI03, IM01
               |--‘A. alvinellae’ KI03
               |--A. colwelliana IM01
               |--A. communis IM01
               |--A. fuliginea IM01
               |--A. hanedai IM01
               |--A. infernus IM01
               |--A. macleodii IM01
               |    |--A. m. ssp. macleodii IM01
               |    `--A. m. ssp. fijiensis IM01
               |--A. putrefaciens IM01
               `--A. vaga IM01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DH03] Donachie, S. P., S. Hou, T. S. Gregory, A. Malahoff & M. Alam. 2003. Idiomarina loihiensis sp. nov., a halophilic γ-proteobacterium from the Lo‘ihi submarine volcano, Hawai‘i. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1873–1879.

[GH01] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001. The road map to the Manual. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 119–166. Springer.

[HH03] Hugenholtz, P., & T. Huber. 2003. Chimeric 16S rDNA sequences of diverse origin are accumulating in the public databases. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 289–293.

[IT03] Inagaki, F., K. Takai, H. Hirayama, Y. Yamato, K. H. Nealson & K. Horikoshi. 2003. Distribution and phylogenetic diversity of the subsurface microbial community in a Japanese epithermal gold mine. Extremophiles 7: 307–317.

[IM01] Ivanova, E. P., & V. V. Mikhaylov. 2001. A new famil, Alteromonadaceae fam. nov., including marine Proteobacteria of the genera Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Idiomarina, and Colwellia. Mikrobiologiya 70 (1): 15–23.

[KI03] Kobayashi, T., C. Imada, A. Hiraishi, H. Tsujibo, K. Miyamoto, N. Hamada & E. Watanabe. 2003. Pseudoalteromonas sagamiensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium that produces protease inhibitors. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1807–1811.

[RU03] Romanenko, L. A., M. Uchino, E. Falsen, N. V. Zhukova, V. V. Mikhailov & T. Uchimura. 2003. Rheinheimera pacifica sp. nov., a novel halotolerant bacterium isolated from deep sea water of the Pacific. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1973–1977.

[YH03] Yumoto, I., K. Hirota, Y. Sogabe, Y. Nodasaka, Y. Yokota & T. Hoshino. 2003. Psychrobacter okhotskensis sp. nov., a lipase-producing facultative psychrophile isolated from the coast of the Okhotsk Sea. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1985–1989.

Pseudoalteromonas

SEM image of Pseudoalteromonas atlantica, copyright Chandra Carpenter.

Belongs within: Alteromonadaceae.

Pseudoalteromonas is a genus of marine aerobic, Gram-negative, non-fermentative, polarly flagellated genera defined primarily on the basis of phylogenetic analysis (Romanenko et al. 2003).

Pseudoalteromonas
    |  i. s.: P. mariniglutinosa Romanenko, Zhukova et al. 2003 [=‘Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa’] KI03
    |         P. phenolica Isnansetyo & Kamei 2003 KI03
    |--P. prydzensis RZ03
    |--P. tunicata KI03
    `--+--P. denitrificans KI03 [=Alteromonas denitrificans IM01]
       `--+--+--P. luteoviolacea KI03 [=Alteromonas luteoviolacea IM01]
          |  `--+--P. rubra KI03 [=Alteromonas rubra IM01]
          |     `--+--P. peptidolytica KI03
          |        `--+--P. flavipulchra KI03
          |           |--P. maricaloris KI03
          |           `--P. piscicida KI03 [=Pseudomonas piscicida IM01]
          `--+--+--P. aurantia KI03 [=Alteromonas aurantia IM01]
             |  `--P. citrea KI03 [=Alteromonas citrea IM01]
             `--+--+--P. antarctica RZ03
                |  `--‘P. gracilis’ KI03
                `--+--+--P. undina RZ03 [=Alteromonas undina IM01]
                   |  `--+--P. haloplanktis RZ03 [=Alteromonas haloplanktis IM01; incl. A. marinopraesens IM01]
                   |     `--P. nigrifaciens RZ03 [=Alteromonas nigrifaciens IM01]
                   `--+--+--P. distincta RZ03 [=Alteromonas distincta IM01]
                      |  `--P. elyakovii RZ03 [=Alteromonas elyakovii IM01]
                      `--+--+--P. issachenkonii RZ03
                         |  `--P. tetraodonis RZ03 (see below for synonymy)
                         `--+--P. carrageenovora RZ03 [=Alteromonas carrageenovora IM01]
                            `--+--P. espejiana RZ03 [=Alteromonas espejiana IM01]
                               `--+--P. agarivorans Romanenko, Zhukova et al. 2003 RZ03
                                  `--P. atlantica RZ03 [=Alteromonas atlantica IM01]

Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis RZ03 [=Alteromonas tetraodonis IM01, P. haloplanktis ssp. tetraodonis IM01]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[IM01] Ivanova, E. P., & V. V. Mikhaylov. 2001. A new famil, Alteromonadaceae fam. nov., including marine Proteobacteria of the genera Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Idiomarina, and Colwellia. Mikrobiologiya 70 (1): 15–23.

[KI03] Kobayashi, T., C. Imada, A. Hiraishi, H. Tsujibo, K. Miyamoto, N. Hamada & E. Watanabe. 2003. Pseudoalteromonas sagamiensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium that produces protease inhibitors. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1807–1811.

[RZ03] Romanenko, L. A., N. V. Zhukova, M. Rhode, A. M. Lysenko, V. M. Mikhailov & E. Stackebrandt. 2003. Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans sp. nov., a novel marine agarolytic bacterium. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 125–131.

Ceratitida

Rhabdoceras suessi, copyright Jose Miguel Lorente.

Belongs within: Ammonoidea.

The Ceratitida are a lineage of ammonoids known from the Permian and Triassic, characterised by elaboration of the sutures and ornamentation compared to earlier taxa.

<==Ceratitida [Ceratitina]
    `--Clydonitaceae W69
         |--Thisbites [Thisbitidae] W69
         `--+--Hannaoceras [incl. Sympolycylus] W69
            `--Choristoceratidae [Cochloceratidae] W69
                 |--Choristoceras marshi W69, K79
                 `--+--Peripleurites W69
                    `--+--Rhabdoceras suessi Oravecz 1961 W69, W03
                       `--Cochloceras [incl. Paracochloceras] W69

Ceratitida incertae sedis:
  Ceratites de Haan 1825 CDH04
    |--C. compressus M79
    |--C. evolutus M79
    |--C. sturii H84
    `--C. subnodosi K79
  Paraceltidae RR79
    |--Cibolites uddeni RR79, P68
    |--Kingoceras kingi RR79
    `--Paraceltites Gemmellaro 1887 RR79, ZL04
         |--P. altudensis P68
         |--P. elegans Girty 1908 P68
         |--P. multicostatus P68
         |--P. ornatus Miller & Furnish 1940 P68
         `--P. sellardsi Miller & Furnish 1940 P68
  Xenodiscidae RR79
    |--Phisonites RR79
    |--Pseudotirolites asiatica RR79, PE02
    |--Iranites RR79
    |--Shevyrevites RR79
    `--Xenodiscus RR79
         |--X. carbonarius RR79
         `--X. wanneri RR79
  Dzhulfitidae RR79
    |--Dzhulfites RR79
    |--Paratirolites RR79
    `--Abichites RR79
  Araxoceratidae RR79
    |--Araxoceras RR79
    |--Eoaraxoceras ruzhencevi RR79
    `--Prototoceras RR79
  Ophiceras H84
    |--O. commune K79
    `--O. connectens K79
  Otoceras H84
    |--O. boreale K79
    |--O. concavum K79
    `--O. woodwardi K79
  Hungarites H84
  Dinarites mohammedanus H84
  Tirolites H84
  Arpadites H84
  Beneckia H84
  Meekoceras H84
  Kipsteinia H84
  Balatonites shoshonensis H84, K79
  Trachyceras H84
    |--T. aon K79
    |--T. austriacum K79
    |--T. obesum K79
    `--T. saulus (Laube 1869) DV06
  Celtites H84
  Badiotites H84
  Proceltites H84
  *Lecanites glaucus H84
  Carnites floridus (Wulfen 1793) H84, DV06
  Tropites H84
    |--T. dilleri K79
    |--T. subbullatus K79
    `--T. welleri K79
  Acrochordiceras hyatti H84, K79
  Helictites H84

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CDH04] Callomon, J. H., D. T. Donovan & M. K. Howarth. 2004. F. A. Quenstedt’s trinomial nomenclature of Jurassic ammonites. Palaeontology 47 (4): 1063–1073.

[DV06] Dalla Vecchia, F. M. 2006. A new sauropterygian reptile with plesiosaurian affinity from the Late Triassic of Italy. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 112 (2): 207–225.

[H84] Hyatt, A. 1883–1884. Genera of fossil cephalopods. Boston Soc. Nat. History, Proc. 22: 253–338.

[K79] Kummel, B. 1979. Triassic. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A351–A389. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[M79] Müller, A. H. 1979. Fossilization (taphonomy). In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A2–A78. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[PE02] Pan, H.-Z., & D. H. Erwin. 2002. Gastropods from the Permian of Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces, south China. Journal of Paleontology 76 (Memoir 56): 1–49.

[P68] Purnell, L. R. 1968. Catalog of the type specimens of invertebrate fossils. Part I: Paleozoic Cephalopoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 262: 1–198.

[RR79] Ross, C. A., & J. R. P. Ross. 1979. Permian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A291–A350. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[W03] Wellnhofer, P. 2003. A Late Triassic pterosaur from the Northern Calcareous Alps (Tyrol, Austria). In: Buffetaut, E., & J.-M. Mazin (eds) Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society Special Publications 217: 5–22. The Geological Society: London.

[W69] Wiedmann, J. 1969. The heteromorphs and ammonoid extinction. Biological Reviews 44: 563–602.

[ZL04] Zhou, Z., & M. Liengjarern. 2004. Lower Permian perrinitid ammonoid faunas from Thailand. Journal of Paleontology 78: 317–339.