Potamoidea

Potamon fluviatilis, copyright Fabio Liverani.

Belongs within: Gecarcinucidae.
Contains: Potamonautidae.

The Potamoidea are a group of freshwater and semi-terrestrial crabs found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. Members are characterised by males having the distal section of the second gonopods forming a closed tube.

See also: Crabs in rivers, crabs in trees.

Potamoidea
    |--Sundathelphusidae H86
    |    |--Perithelphusa borneensis (von Martens 1868) H86
    |    |--Sundathelphusa tenebrosa Holthuis 1979 H86
    |    `--Holthuisana Bott 1969 H86
    |         `--H. alba Holthuis 1980 H86
    `--Potamidae [Sinopotamidae, Thelphusidae] BS05
         |  i. s.: Cerberusa Holthuis 1979 H86
         |           |--C. coeca Holthuis 1979 H86
         |           `--C. tipula Holthuis 1979 H86
         |         Paratelphusula Alcock 1909 (see below for synonymy) BS05
         |           |--*P. dayana (Wood-Mason 1871) (see below for synonymy) BS05
         |           |--P. calvum (Alcock 1909) [=Potamon (Paratelphusula) calvum] BS05
         |           |--P. crenulifera (Wood-Mason 1871) (see below for synonymy) BS05
         |           |--P. feae (de Man 1898) [=Parathelphusa feae] BS05
         |           |--P. fungosum (Alcock 1909) [=Potamon (Paratelphusula) fungosum] BS05
         |           |--P. martensi (Wood-Mason 1875) (see below for synonymy) BS05
         |           |--P. panningi (Bott 1966) [=Potamon (Spinopotamon) panningi, Acanthopotamon panningi] BS05
         |           `--P. woodmasoni (Rathbun 1905) [=Potamon (Parathelphusa) woodmasoni] BS05
         |         Himalayapotamon Pretzmann 1966 BS05
         |           |--*H. atkinsoniana (Wood-Mason 1871) (see below for synonymy) BS05
         |           |--H. emphysetum (Alcock 1910) (see below for synonymy) BS05
         |           `--H. sunkoshiense Brandis & Sharma 2005 BS05
         |         Potamiscus Alcock 1909 [incl. Ranguna Bott 1966, Terrapotamon Ng 1986] BS05
         |           |--*P. annandalii Alcock 1909 [=Potamon (*Potamiscus) annandalii] BS05
         |           |--‘Potamon’ abbotti Rathbun 1898 [=*Terrapotamon abbotti] BS05
         |           |--P. koolooense (Rathbun 1904) [incl. Potamon babaulti Bouvier 1918] BS05
         |           |--P. rangoonensis Bott 1966 [=*Ranguna rangoonensis] BS05
         |           `--P. sikkimensis (Rathbun 1905) (see below for synonymy) BS05
         |         Parapotamon de Man 1907 BS05
         |           `--*P. spinescens (Calman 1905) BS05
         |         Stoliczia BS05
         |         Archithelphusa punctulatus (Heer 1865) BWW93
         |         Pseudopotamon speciosum (Capellini 1874) BWW93
         |--+--Socotra pseudocardisoma DC06
         |  `--+--Johora tiomanensis DC06
         |     `--Geothelphusa DC06
         |          |--G. albogilva DC06
         |          `--G. dehaanii (White 1847) H86
         `--+--Potamonautidae DC06
            `--+--Isolapotamon [Isolapotamidae] DC06
               |    |--I. collinsi Holthuis 1979 H86
               |    `--I. consobrinum DC06
               `--Potamon Savigny 1816 DC06, BS05 [incl. Thelphusa Latreille 1819 BS05]
                    |--P. fluviatilis DC06
                    |    |--P. f. fluviatilis H86
                    |    `--P. f. algeriense Bott 1967 H86
                    |--P. rangoonense Rathbun 1904 BS05
                    `--P. sivaleuse G88

*Himalayapotamon atkinsoniana (Wood-Mason 1871) [=Telphusa atkinsoniana, Potamon (*Himalayapotamon) atkinsonianum; incl. P. (H.) atkinsonianum janetschekii Pretzmann 1966] BS05

Himalayapotamon emphysetum (Alcock 1910) [=Potamon atkinsonianum var. emphysetum; incl. P. (Himalayapotamon) atkinsonianum gordoni Pretzmann 1966, P. atkinsonianum var. ventriosum Alcock 1910] BS05

Paratelphusula Alcock 1909 [incl. Acanthopotamon Kemp 1918, Lobothelphusa Bouvier 1917, Spinopotamon Bott 1966] BS05

Paratelphusula crenulifera (Wood-Mason 1871) [=Paratelphusa crenulifera, Hydrothelphusa (*Lobothelphusa) crenulifera] BS05

*Paratelphusula dayana (Wood-Mason 1871) [=Paratelphusa dayana, Potamon (*Paratelphusula) dayanum, Telphusa (Parathelphusa) dayana] BS05

Paratelphusula martensi (Wood-Mason 1875) [=Paratelphusa martensi, *Acanthopotamon martensi, Potamon (Acanthotelphusa) martensi, Po. (Parathelphusa) martensi, Po. (*Spinopotamon) martensi] BS05

Potamiscus sikkimensis (Rathbun 1905) [=Potamon (Geothelphusa) sikkimensis, Potamon (Potamiscus) sikkimense; incl. Potamon tumidulum Alcock 1909] BS05

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BS05] Brandis, D., & S. Sharma. 2005. Taxonomic revision of the freshwater crab fauna of Nepal with description of a new species (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamoidea and Gecarcinucoidea). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85: 1–30.

[BWW93] Briggs, D. E. G., M. J. Weedon & M. A. Whyte. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea excluding Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 321–342. Chapman & Hall: London.

[DC06] Daniels, S. R., N. Cumberlidge, M. Pérez-Losada, S. A. E. Marijnissen & K. A. Crandall. 2006. Evolution of Afrotropical freshwater crab lineages obscured by morphological convergence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40 (1): 227–235.

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[H86] Holthuis, L. B. 1986. Decapoda. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 589–615. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

Procambarus

Red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, copyright Greg Peterson.

Belongs within: Astacida.

Procambarus is a North American genus of fairly generalised freshwater crayfish.

<==Procambarus Ortmann 1905 H86
    |--P. (Austrocambarus Hobbs 1972) H86
    |    |--P. (A.) cubensis H86
    |    |    |--P. c. cubensis H86
    |    |    `--P. c. rivalis (Faxon 1912) H86
    |    |--P. (A.) mirandai Villalobos 1954 H86
    |    |--P. (A.) niveus Hobbs & Villalobos 1964 H86
    |    |--P. (A.) oaxacae Hobbs 1973 H86
    |    |    |--P. o. oaxacae H86
    |    |    `--P. o. reddelli Hobbs 1973 H86
    |    |--P. (A.) rodriguezi Hobbs 1943 H86
    |    `--P. (A.) sbordonii Hobbs 1977 H86
    |--P. (Girardiella) simulans (Faxon 1884) H86
    |--P. (Leconticambarus Hobbs 1972) H86
    |    |--P. (L.) barbatus (Faxon 1890) [=Cambarus barbatus] H86
    |    `--P. (L.) milleri Hobbs 1971 H86
    |--P. (Lonnbergius Hobbs 1972) H86
    |    `--P. (L.) acherontis (Lönnberg 1894) H86
    |--P. (Ortmannicus Fowler 1912) H86
    |    |--P. (O.) acutus (Girard 1952) H86
    |    |    |--P. a. acutus H86
    |    |    `--P. a. cuevachicae (Hobbs 1941) H86
    |    |--P. (O.) erythrops Relyea & Sutton 1975 H86
    |    |--P. (O.) fallax (Hagen 1870) H86
    |    |--P. (O.) franzi Hobbs & Lee 1976 H86
    |    |--P. (O.) horsti Hobbs & Means 1972 H86
    |    |--P. (O.) leitheuseri Franz & Hobbs 1983 H86
    |    |--P. (O.) lucifugus (Hobbs 1940) H86
    |    |    |--P. l. lucifugus H86
    |    |    `--P. l. alachua (Hobbs 1940) H86
    |    |--P. (O.) orcinus Hobbs & Means 1972 H86
    |    |--P. (O.) pallidus (Hobbs 1940) H86
    |    |--P. (O.) toltecae (Hobbs 1943) H86
    |    `--P. (O.) villalobosi Hobbs 1969 H86
    |--P. (Remoticambarus Hobbs 1972) H86
    |    `--P. (R.) pecki Hobbs 1967 H86
    |--P. (Scapulicambarus Hobbs 1972) H86
    |    |--P. (S.) clarkii (Girard 1852) H86
    |    |--P. (S.) paeninsulanus (Faxon 1914) H86
    |    `--P. (S.) xilitlae Hobbs & Grubbs 1982 H86
    `--P. (Villalobosus) H86
         |--P. (V.) cuetzalanae Hobbs 1982 H86
         `--P. (V.) xochitlanae Hobbs 1975 H86

Procambarus incertae sedis:
  P. leonensis GR98
  Spiculifer group H56
    |--P. dupratzi Penn 1953 H56
    |--P. echinatus Hobbs 1956 H56
    |--P. natchitochae Penn 1953 H56
    |--P. penni Hobbs 1951 H56
    |--P. raneyi Hobbs 1953 H56
    |--P. spiculifer (LeConte 1856) H56
    |--P. suttkusi Hobbs 1953 H56
    |--P. versutus (Hagen 1870) H56
    `--P. vioscai Penn 1946 H56

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[GR98] Giribet, G., & C. Ribera. 1998. The position of arthropods in the animal kingdom: a search for a reliable outgroup for internal arthropod phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9: 481–488.

[H56] Hobbs, H. H., Jr. 1956. A new crayfish of the genus Procambarus from South Carolina (Decapoda: Astacidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 46 (4): 117–121.

[H86] Holthuis, L. B. 1986. Decapoda. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 589–615. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

Syncarida

Allobathynella japonica, from Morimoto & Miura (1957).

Belongs within: Eumalacostraca.
Contains: Bathynella, Hexabathynella, Iberobathynella.

The Syncarida are a group of malacostracan crustaceans found primarily in fresh water that lack a carapace. Living examples are divided between the Anaspidacea, in which the first thoracic segment is fused to the head and a tail fan is present, and the minute Bathynellacea that lack a tail fan.

<==Syncarida S86
    |  i. s.: Allanaspides S86
    |--Palaeocaridacea MD01
    |    |--Clarkecaris [Clarkecarididae] G88
    |    |    `--C. brazilicus (Clarke 1920) S77
    |    |--Minicarididae BWW93
    |    |    |--Minicaris brandi Schram 1979 BWW93
    |    |    `--Erythrogaulos carrizoensis Schram 1984 BWW93
    |    |--Squillitidae BWW93
    |    |    |--Squillites spinosa Scott 1938 BWW93
    |    |    `--Nectotelson krejcii (Fritsch 1875) BWW93
    |    |--Palaeocaris [Palaeocarididae] G88
    |    |    |--P. canadensis G88
    |    |    |--P. retractata Calman 1932 BWW93
    |    |    |--P. secretanae Schram 1984 BWW93
    |    |    `--P. typus G88
    |    `--Acanthotelsonidae BWW93
    |         |--Palaeosyncaris dakotensis Brooks 1962 BWW93
    |         |--Acanthotelson [incl. Eileticus] WA04
    |         |    |--‘Eileticus’ anthracinus Scudder 1882 WA04
    |         |    `--A. stimpsoni G88
    |         `--Uronectes BWW93
    |              |--U. fimbriatus (Jordan 1947) BWW93
    |              `--U. kinniensis G88
    |--Anaspidacea [Anaspidinea] LSE13
    |    |--Anaspididae BWW93
    |    |    |--Anaspidites antiquus (Chilton 1929) BWW93
    |    |    |--Anaspides Thomson 1894
    |    |    |    `--A. tasmaniae (Thomson 1893)
    |    |    `--Koonaspides indistinctus G88
    |    |--Koonungidae S86
    |    |    |--Koonunga N31
    |    |    `--Micraspides Nicholls 1931 N31
    |    |         `--*M. calmani Nicholls 1931 N31
    |    |--Psammaspididae S86
    |    |    |--Psammaspides Schminke 1974 S86
    |    |    |    `--P. williamsi S86
    |    |    `--Eucrenonaspides Knott & Lake 1980 S86
    |    |         `--E. oinotheke Knott & Lake 1980 S86
    |    `--Stygocarididae [Stygocaridacea] S86
    |         |--Oncostygocaris Schminke 1980 S86
    |         |    `--O. patagonica (Noodt 1963) S86
    |         |--Stygocarella Schminke 1980 S86
    |         |    `--S. pleotelson Schminke 1980 S86
    |         |--Parastygocaris Noodt 1963 S86
    |         |    |--P. andina Noodt 1963 S86
    |         |    `--P. goerssi Noodt 1963 S86
    |         `--Stygocaris Noodt 1963 S86
    |              |--S. giselae Schminke 1980 S86
    |              |--S. gomezmillasi Noodt 1963 S86
    |              `--S. townsendi Morimoto 1977 S86
    `--Bathynellacea LSE13
         |--Bathynellidae S86
         |    |--Bathynella S86
         |    |--Sardobathynella Serban 1973 S86
         |    |    `--S. cottarelli Serban 1973 S86
         |    |--Vandelibathynella Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
         |    |    `--V. vandeli (Delamare Deboutteville & Chappuis 1954) S86
         |    |--Agnathobathynella Schminke 1980 S86
         |    |    `--A. ecclesi Schminke 1980 S86
         |    |--Austrobathynella Delamare Deboutteville 1960 S86
         |    |    `--A. patagonica Delamare Deboutteville 1960 S86
         |    |--Transvaalthynella Serban & Coineau 1975 S86
         |    |    `--T. coineaui Serban & Coineau 1975 S86
         |    |--Transkeithynella Serban & Coineau 1975 S86
         |    |    `--T. paradoxa Serban & Coineau 1975 S86
         |    |--Parameridiobathynella Serban & Leclerc 1984 S86
         |    |    `--P. gardensis Serban & Leclerc 1984 S86
         |    |--Pseudobathynella Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
         |    |    |--P. helvetica Serban & Delamare Deboutteville 1974 S86
         |    |    `--P. magniezi Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
         |    |--Meridiobathynella Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
         |    |    |--M. catalanensis Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
         |    |    `--M. rouchi Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
         |    |--Vejdovskybathynella Serban & Leclerc 1984 S86
         |    |    |--V. balazuci Serban & Leclerc 1984 S86
         |    |    `--V. espattyensis Serban & Leclerc 1984 S86
         |    |--Antrobathynella Serban 1966 S86
         |    |    `--A. stammeri (Jakobi 1954) S86
         |    |         |--A. s. stammeri S86
         |    |         `--A. s. ciscaucasia (Birstein & Ljovuschkin 1964) S86
         |    |--Nannobathynella Noodt 1969 S86
         |    |    |--N. africana Schminke & Wells 1974 S86
         |    |    |--N. eburnea Schminke 1979 S86
         |    |    `--N. marcusi Noodt 1969 S86
         |    `--Gallobathynella Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
         |         |--G. boui Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
         |         |--G. coiffaiti (Delamare Deboutteville 1961) S86
         |         |--G. delayi Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
         |         |--G. juberthiae Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
         |         `--G. tarissei Serban, Coineau & Delamare Deboutteville 1971 S86
         `--Parabathynellidae S86
              |--Lamtobathynella pentodonta S86
              |--Hexabathynella S86
              |--Iberobathynella S86
              |--Batubathynella Schminke 1973 S86
              |    `--B. malaya (Sars 1929) S86
              |--Nipponbathynella Schminke 1973 S86
              |    `--N. miurai (Ueno 1952) S86
              |--Ctenophallonella Coineau & Serban 1978 S86
              |    `--C. mutlumuviensis Coineau & Serban 1978 S86
              |--Haplophallonella Serban & Coineau 1975 S86
              |    `--H. heterodonta Serban & Coineau 1975 S86
              |--Heterodontobathynella Schminke 1973 S86
              |    `--H. ninianae (Green 1964) S86
              |--Brasilibathynella Jakobi 1958 S86
              |    `--B. florianopolis Jakobi 1958 S86
              |--Odontobathynella Delamare Deboutteville & Serban 1979 S86
              |    `--O. amazonica Delamare Deboutteville & Serban 1979 S86
              |--Acanthobathynella Coineau 1967 S86
              |    `--A. knoepffleri Coineau 1967 S86
              |--Afrobathynella Schminke 1976 S86
              |    `--A. trimera Schminke 1976 S86
              |--Nunubathynella Schminke 1976 S86
              |    `--N. dimera Schminke 1976 S86
              |--Psalidobathynella Schminke 1979 S86
              |    `--P. stocki Schminke 1979 S86
              |--Nilobathynella Dumont 1984 S86
              |    `--N. predynastica Dumont 1984 S86
              |--Thermobathynella Capart 1951 S86
              |    |--T. adami Capart 1951 S86
              |    `--T. amyxi Siewing 1956 S86
              |--Habrobathynella Schminke 1973 S86
              |    |--H. jeanneli (Delamare Deboutteville & Paulian 1954) S86
              |    `--H. milloti (Delamare Deboutteville & Paulian 1954) S86
              |--Chilibathynella Noodt 1963 S86
              |    |--C. australiensis Schminke 1973 S86
              |    `--C. clandestina Noodt 1963 S86
              |--Noodtibathynella Schminke 1973 S86
              |    |--N. jumboli (Siewing 1958) S86
              |    `--N. neotropica (Noodt 1965) S86
              |--Parabathynella Chappuis 1926 S86
              |    |--P. malaya N31
              |    |--P. motasi Dancau & Serban 1963 S86
              |    `--P. stygia Chappuis 1926 [incl. P. phreatica Chappuis 1939] S86
              |--Parvulobathynella Schminke 1973 S86
              |    |--P. camposicola (Jakobi 1961) S86
              |    |--P. riegelorum (Noodt 1965) S86
              |    `--P. ypacaraiensis (Noodt 1963) S86
              |--Leptobathynella Noodt 1965 [Leptobathynellidae] S86
              |    |--L. camposicola (Jakobi 1961) S86
              |    `--L. richerti (Noodt 1963) S86
              |         |--L. r. richerti S86
              |         `--L. r. brasiliensis Noodt 1972 S86
              |--Atopobathynella Schminke 1973 S86
              |    |--A. chelifera Schminke 1973 S86
              |    |--A. compagana Schminke 1973 S86
              |    |--A. hospitalis Schminke 1973 S86
              |    `--A. valdiviana (Noodt 1965) S86
              |--Eobathynella Birstein & Ljovuschkin 1964 S86
              |    |--E. gracillima (Ueno 1956) S86
              |    |--E. matuta (Morimoto 1970) S86
              |    |--E. mesasiatica (Birstein & Ljovuschkin 1964) S86
              |    |--E. minima Jankowskaja 1972 S86
              |    `--E. tianshanica (Jankowskaja 1964) S86
              |--Notobathynella Schminke 1973 S86
              |    |--N. chiltoni Schminke 1973 S86
              |    |--N. hineoneae Schminke 1973 S86
              |    |--N. longipes Schminke 1978 S86
              |    |--N. remota Schminke 1973 S86
              |    `--N. williamsi Schminke 1973 S86
              |--Cteniobathynella Schminke 1973 S86
              |    |--C. bakeri (Green 1964) S86
              |    |--C. calmani (Por 1968) S86
              |    |--C. caparti (Fryer 1957) S86
              |    |--C. essameuri Dumont 1981 S86
              |    |--C. leleupi (Delamare Deboutteville & Chappuis 1955) S86
              |    |--C. noodti Schminke 1973 S86
              |    `--C. teocchii (Coineau & Knoepffler 1971) S86
              `--Allobathynella Morimoto & Miura 1957 S86
                   |--A. carinata (Ueno 1952) S86
                   |--A. coreana Morimoto 1970 S86
                   |--A. gigantea (Morimoto 1959) S86
                   |    |--A. g. gigantea S86
                   |    `--A. g. pluto (Morimoto 1963) S86
                   |--A. japonica Morimoto & Miura 1957 S86
                   |--A. kuma (Ueno 1956) S86
                   |--A. mirabilis Ueno 1961 S86
                   `--A. yaye (Ueno 1956) S86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BWW93] Briggs, D. E. G., M. J. Weedon & M. A. Whyte. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea excluding Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 321–342. Chapman & Hall: London.

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[LSE13] Legg, D. A., M. D. Sutton & G. D. Edgecombe. 2013. Arthropod fossil data increase congruence of morphological and molecular phylogenies. Nature Communications 4: 2485.

[MD01] Martin, J. W., & G. E. Davis. 2001. An updated classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Science Series 39: 1–124.

[N31] Nicholls, G. E. 1931. Micraspides calmani, a new syncaridan from the west coast of Tasmania. Linnean Society's Journal—Zoology 37 (254): 473–488.

[S86] Schminke, H. K. 1986. Syncarida. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 389–404. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[S77] Schram, F. R. 1977. Paleozoogeography of Late Paleozoic and Triassic Malacostraca. Systematic Zoology 26 (4): 367–379.

[WA04] Wilson, H. M., & L. I. Anderson. 2004. Morphology and taxonomy of Paleozoic millipedes (Diplopoda: Chilognatha: Archipolypoda) from Scotland. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 169–184.

Haustoroidea

Eohaustorius washingtonianus, copyright Florida Museum of Natural History.

Belongs within: Amphipoda.

The Haustoroidea are a Holarctic group of marine amphipods with a short, broad, weakly rostrate head, 'pseudorostrate' paired peduncles on antenna 1, weakly or non-dactylate peraeopods and maxilliped, and a strongly deflexed urosome (Bousfield & Hoover 1995).

<==Haustoroidea [Pontoporeioidea] R99
    |--Cheidae R99
    |--Condukiidae R99
    |--Ipanemidae R99
    |--Sinurothoe Ren 1999 [Sinurothoidae] R99
    |    `--*S. sinensis Ren 1999 R99
    |--Cardenio Stebbing 1888 B69 [Cardenioidae R99]
    |    `--*C. paurodactylus Stebbing 1888 B69
    |--Platyischnopus Stebbing 1888 B69 [Platyischnopidae R99]
    |    |--*P. mirabilis Stebbing 1888 B69
    |    `--P. gracilipes Schellenberg 1931 [incl. Phoxocephalus capuciatus Oliveira 1955] B69
    |--Pontoporeiidae R99
    |    |--Monoporeia affinis BH95, VVP01 [=Pontoporeia affinis VVP01]
    |    |--Diporeia BH95
    |    |--Priscillina Stebbing 1888 BH95, B69 [=Priscilla Boeck 1871 (preoc.) B69]
    |    |    `--*P. armata (Boeck 1861) [=Pontoporeia armata, *Priscilla armata] B69
    |    `--Pontoporeia Krøyer 1842 B69
    |         `--*P. femorata Krøyer 1842 B69 [incl. P. furcigera Bruzelius 1859 N00]
    |--Urothoe Dana 1852 B69 [incl. Egidia Costa 1853 B69; Urothoidae R99]
    |    |--*U. irrostratus Dana 1853 B69
    |    |--U. abbreviata N00
    |    |--U. brevicornis Bate 1862 BD95
    |    |--U. cuspis R99
    |    |--U. elegans Bate 1857 [incl. U. norvegica Boeck 1861] B69
    |    |--U. grimaldii Chevreux 1895 BD95
    |    |--U. intermedia Bellan-Santini & Ruffo 1986 BD95
    |    |--U. marina (Bate 1857) BD95 [=U. marinus (l. c.) BK77; incl. U. bairdii Bate & Westwood 1862 N00]
    |    |--U. norvegica Boeck 1876 N00
    |    |--U. poseidonis Reibisch 1905 BD95
    |    |--U. poucheti N00
    |    `--U. pulchella (Costa 1853) BD95 [=Egidia pulchella N00]
    `--Haustoriidae BH95
         |--Pseudohaustorius Bousfield 1965 B69
         |    `--*P. caroliniensis Bousfield 1965 B69
         |--Protohaustorius Bousfield 1965 B69
         |    `--*P. deichmannae Bousfield 1965 B69
         |--Acanthohaustorius Bousfield 1965 B69
         |    `--*A. millsi Bousfield 1965 B69
         |--Neohaustorius Bousfield 1965 B69
         |    `--*N. schmitzi Bousfield 1965 B69
         |--Parahaustorius Bousfield 1965 B69
         |    `--*P. longimerus Bousfield 1965 B69
         |--Urothoides Stebbing 1891 B69
         |    `--*U. lachneessa (Stebbing 1888) [=Urothoe lachneessa] B69
         |--Haustorius Můller 1775 (see below for synonymy) B69
         |    |--*H. arenarius (Slabber 1769) B69 (see below for synonymy)
         |    `--H. algeriensis Mulot 1968 BD95
         |--Carangolia Barnard 1961 B69
         |    |--*C. mandibularis Barnard 1962 B69
         |    `--C. puliciformis Barnard 1961 B69
         `--Eohaustorius Barnard 1957 BH95
              |--*E. washingtonianus (Thorsteinson 1941) [=Haustorius washingtonianus] BH95
              |--E. barnardi Bousfield & Hoover 1995 BH95
              |--E. brevicuspis Bosworth 1973 BH95
              |--E. cheliferus (Bulycheva 1952) [=Haustorius cheliferus, E. heliferus (l. c.)] BH95
              |--E. eous (Gurjanova 1951) [=Haustorius eous] BH95
              |--E. estuarius Bosworth 1973 BH95
              |--E. gurjanovae Bousfield & Hoover 1995 BH95
              |--E. longicarpus Bousfield & Hoover 1995 BH95
              |--E. robustus (Gurjanova 1953) [=Haustorius eous robustus] BH95
              |--E. sawyeri Bosworth 1973 BH95
              |--E. sencillus Barnard 1962 BH95
              |--E. subulicolus Hirayama 1985 [=E. subulicola] BH95
              `--E. tandeensis Dang 1968 BH95

Haustorius Můller 1775 [incl. Bellia Bate 1851 (preoc.), Lepidactylis Say 1818, Pterygocerus Latreille 1825, Sulcator Bate 1854] B69

*Haustorius arenarius (Slabber 1769) B69 [=Oniscus arenarius B69, Gammarus arenarius L02, Pterygocera arenaria N00, Sulcator arenarius N00; incl. Lepidactylis dytiscus Say 1818 N00]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BD95] Bakalem, A., & J.-C. Dauvin. 1995. Inventaire des crustacés amphipodes (Gammaridea, Caprellidea, Hyperiidea) des costes d'Algérie: essai de synthèse. Mésogée 54: 49–62.

[BK77] Barel, C. D. N., & P. G. N. Kramers. 1977. A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area. Zoologische Verhandelingen 156: 1–159.

[B69] Barnard, J. L. 1969. The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 271: i–vi, 1–535.

[BH95] Bousfield, E. L., & P. Hoover. 1995. The amphipod superfamily Pontoporeioidea on the Pacific coast of North America. I. Family Haustoriidae. Genus Eohaustorius J. L. Barnard: systematics and distributional ecology. Amphipacifica 2: 35–63.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[N00] Norman, A. M. 1900. British Amphipoda: families Pontoporeidae to Ampeliscidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 326–346.

[R99] Ren X.-Q. 1999. A new family of superfamily Haustoroidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the China Sea. Chinese Journal of Oceanology & Limnology 17: 344–349.

[VVP01] Väinölä, R., J. K. Vainio & J. U. Palo. 2001. Phylogeography of “glacial relict” Gammaracanthus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from boreal lakes and the Caspian and White Seas. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 58: 2247–2257.

Beyrichioidea

Male (above) and female Kloedenia normalis, from Benson et al. (1961).

Belongs within: Palaeocopida.
Contains: Beyrichia.

The Beyrichioidea are a group of ostracods known from the mid-Ordovician to the early Permian characterised by the dimorphic development of a ventral to anteroventral lobe or pouch in females. The hinge of the carapace is straight but the Silurian Zygobolbidae have the lateral lobes L₂ and L₃ tending to project above the level of the dorsum (Benson et al. 1961).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Straight-hinged ostracodes with subequal ends or forward swing, mostly with well-developed lobes and sulci and showing tendency to have carinal, velate, and marginal structures; dimorphism usually well defined.

Beyrichioidea [Beyrichiacea, Beyrichiomorphinina] L05
    |  i. s.: Gillatia Öpik 1953 BB61
    |           `--*G. trinacria Öpik 1953 BB61
    |--Treposellidae [Treposellinae] WSB93
    |    |--Loutriella jupiterensis Copeland 1974 WSB93
    |    |--Parabouckekius martinssoni Jones 1985 WSB93
    |    |--Katatona romei Jones 1985 WSB93
    |    `--Treposella Ulrich & Bassler 1908 BB61
    |         |--*T. lyoni (Ulrich 1891) [=Beyrichia lyoni] BB61
    |         `--T. stellata BB61
    |--Craspedobolbinidae WSB93
    |    |--Malnina spinosa Jones 1989 WSB93
    |    |--Armilla sibirica Bushmina 1975 WSB93
    |    |--Craspedobolbina Kummerow 1923 BB61
    |    |    `--*C. dietrichi Kummerow 1923 BB61
    |    |--Copelandella Bless & Jordan 1971 WSB93, G88
    |    |    `--C. novascotia (Jones & Kirby 1884) WSB93
    |    `--Bolbineossia Kesling, Heany et al. 1958 WSB93, BB61
    |         |--*B. didictyosa Kesling, Heany et al. 1958 BB61
    |         `--B. pineaulti Copeland 1974 WSB93
    |--Zygobolbidae [Zygobolbinae] BB61
    |    |--Bonnemaia Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    |    `--*B. celsa Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    |--Glymmatobolbina Harris 1957 BB61
    |    |    `--*G. quadrata Harrs 1957 BB61
    |    |--Mastigobolbina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    |    `--*M. typa Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    |--Plethobolbina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    |    `--*P. typicalis Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    `--Zygobolba Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |         |--*Z. (Zygobolba) decora (Billings 1866) [=Beyrichia decora] BB61
    |         |--Z. (Zygobolbina Ulrich & Bassler 1923) BB61
    |         |    `--Z. (*Z.) conradi (Ulrich & Bassler 1923) [=*Zygobolbina conradi] BB61
    |         `--Z. (Zygosella Ulrich & Bassler 1923) BB61
    |              `--Z. (*Z.) vallata (Ulrich & Bassler 1923) [=*Zygosella vallata] BB61
    |--Kloedenia Jones & Holl 1886 BB61 [Kloedeniidae L05, Kloedeniinae, Kloedeninae]
    |    |--*K. wilckensiana (Jones 1855) [=Beyrichia wilckensiana] BB61
    |    |--K. apiculata Jones 1888 C01
    |    |--K. australis Chapman 1920 F71
    |    |--K. fifieldensis Chapman 1920 F71
    |    |--K. gotlandica Chapman 1901 C01
    |    |--K. normalis BB61
    |    `--K. sussexensis BB61
    |--Ochescaphidae L05
    `--Beyrichiidae [Beyrichiinae, Beyrichinae] BB61
         |--Fallaticella schaeferi Schallreuter 1984 WSB93
         |--Apatobolbina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |    `--*A. granifera Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |--Bolbibollia Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |    `--*B. labrosa Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |--Bolbiprimitia Kay 1940 BB61
         |    `--*B. fissurella (Ulrich & Bassler 1923) [=Halliella fissurella] BB61
         |--Cornikloedenia Henningsmoen 1954 BB61
         |    `--*C. ventralis (Ulrich & Bassler 1923) [=Drepanellina ventralis] BB61
         |--Ctenobolbinella Kummerow 1953 BB61
         |    `--*C. carinata Kummerow 1953 BB61
         |--Dolichoscapha Kesling & Ehlers 1958 BB61
         |    `--*D. escharota Kesling & Ehlers 1958 BB61
         |--Drepanellina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |    `--*D. clarki Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |--Halliella Ulrich 1891 BB61
         |    `--*H. retifera Ulrich 1891 BB61
         |--Hibbardia Kesling 1953 BB61
         |    `--*H. lacrimosa (Swartz & Oriel 1948) [=Amphissites lacrimosus] BB61
         |--Mesomphalus Ulrich & Bassler 1913 [=Mezomphalus Zaspelova 1952] BB61
         |    `--*M. hartleyi Ulrich & Bassler 1913 BB61
         |--Myomphalus Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |    `--*M. dorsinodosus Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |--Phlyctiscapha Kesling 1953 BB61
         |    `--*P. rockportensis Kesling 1953 BB61
         |--Pseudobeyrichia Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |    `--*P. perornata Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |--Saccarchites Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |    `--*S. saccularis Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |--Welleria Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |    `--*W. obliqua Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |--Bodenia Ivanova 1959 LH61
         |    `--*B. aspera Ivanova 1959 LH61
         |--Pseudoleperditia Schneider 1956 WSB93, BB61
         |    `--*P. tuberculifera Schneider 1956 BB61
         |--Dibolbina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |    |--*D. cristata Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
         |    `--D. steusloffi BB61
         |--Lophokloedenia Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |    |--*L. manliensis (Weller 1903) [=Beyrichia manliensis] BB61
         |    `--L. kummeli BB61
         |--Welleriopsis Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |    |--*W. diplocystulis Swartz & Whitmore 1956 BB61
         |    `--W. jerseyensis BB61
         |--Zygobeyrichia Ulrich 1916 BB61
         |    |--*Z. apicalis Ulrich 1916 BB61
         |    `--Z. barretti BB61
         |--Kyamodes Jones 1888 [=Kyammodes Ulrich & Bassler 1908] BB61
         |    |--*K. whidbornei Jones 1888 BB61
         |    |--K. kiesowi BB61
         |    `--K. tricornis BB61
         `--Beyrichia BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[C01] Chapman, F. 1901. On some fossils of Wenlock age from Mulde, near Klinteberg, Gotland; with notes by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Dr. F. A. Bather. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 141–160, pl. 3.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[LH61] Levinson, S. A., & H. V. Howe. 1961. Addendum. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q421–Q422. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[L05] Liebau, A. 2005. A revised classification of the higher taxa of the Ostracoda (Crustacea). Hydrobiologia 538: 115–137.

[WSB93] Whatley, R. C., D. J. Siveter & I. D. Boomer. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea: Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 343–356. Chapman & Hall: London.

Neomiodontidae

Neomiodon sp., from Vullo et al. (2014). Scale bar = 5 mm.

Belongs within: Heterodonta.

The Neomiodontidae are a Late Jurassic to Cretaceous group of clams that inhabited fresh and brackish waters.

<==Neomiodontidae KC02
    |--Myrene tetoriensis KC02
    |--Musculiopsis G88
    |--Eomiodon SB93
    |    |--E. lunulatus (Yokoyama 1904) SB93
    |    `--E. matsubasensis Tamura 1977 SB93
    `--Neomiodon Fischon 1887 ZZ88
         |--N. brongniati ZZ88
         |--N. guyangensis ZZ88
         |--N. latoovatus ZZ88
         |    |--N. l. latoovatus ZZ88
         |    `--N. l. caudatus ZZ88
         |--N. liaoningensis [=Corbicula (Mesocorbicula) liaoningensis, Neomiodonoides liaoningensis] ZZ88
         |--N. pararotundus Zhu 1976 ZZ88
         |--N. rotundus (Martinson 1961) [=Limnocyrena rotunda] ZZ88
         |--N. sinensis ZZ88
         |--N. sublaevis ZZ88
         |--N. volselliformis Zhu 1980 ZZ88
         `--N. yumenensis ZZ88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[KC02] Komatsu, T., K. Chinzei, M. S. Zakhera & H. Matsuoka. 2002. Jurassic soft-bottom oyster Crassostrea from Japan. Palaeontology 45 (6): 1037–1048.

[SB93] Skelton, P. W., & M. J. Benton. 1993. Mollusca: Rostroconchia, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 237–263. Chapman & Hall: London.

[ZZ88] Zhu G.-X. & Zhou Y.-Z. 1988. Fresh-water molluscan fauna across Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in southeast Jilin. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 27 (6): 713–721.

Pandoroidea

Lateral view of each valve of Pandora inaequivalvis, from Doğan et al. (2007).

Belongs within: Pholadomyoida.

The Pandoroidea are a group of sedentary or burrowing bivalves with a thin, inequivalve, somewhat elongate or gaping shell.

Pandoroidea [Pandoracea] GW02
    |--Laternulidae H96
    |    |--Cercomya [Cercomyidae] SB93
    |    |    `--C. (Cercomya) praecursor SB93
    |    `--Laternula KC11 [Laternulidae H96]
    |         |--L. anatina (Linnaeus 1758) XZ10
    |         |--L. boschasina (Reeve 1863) XZ10
    |         |--L. elliptica KC11
    |         |--L. limicola GW02
    |         |--L. marilina (Valenciennes in Reeve 1864) TW07
    |         |--L. subrostrata (Lamarck 1818) BD86
    |         `--L. truncata GW02
    |--Lyonsiidae GW02
    |    |--Ostomya [incl. Guianadesma Morrison 1943] G88
    |    |--Mytilimeria nuttalli JB12, C64
    |    |--Entodesma PP78
    |    |    |--E. cuneata M96
    |    |    |--E. inflata [incl. E. diaphana Cpr. 1855] C64
    |    |    |--E. (Phlycticoncha) lucasanum (Bartsch & Rehder 1939) PP78
    |    |    `--E. saxicola [=Lyonsia saxicola; incl. E. cylindracea] C64
    |    `--Lyonsia GW02
    |         |--L. arenosa N79
    |         |--L. californica [incl. L. bracteata, Osteodesma (Lyonsia) bracteatum, L. nitida, O. nitidum] C64
    |         |--L. (Pandorina) flabellata Gould 1861 C64
    |         |--L. floridana Conrad 1848 [incl. Osteodesma hyalina (preoc.)] C64
    |         |--L. fretalis Dall 1915 GO78
    |         |--L. hyalina Conrad 1848 M06
    |         |--L. inflata [incl. L. diaphana] C64
    |         |--L. navicula C64
    |         |--L. norvegica N79
    |         |--L. picta C64
    |         |--L. subplicata (d’Orbigny 1850) SB93
    |         `--L. ventricosa Gould 1861 GW02, C64
    `--Pandoridae GW02
         |--Frenamya elongatus (Carpenter 1846) TW07
         |--Kennerlia Carpenter 1864 C64
         |    |--K. bicarinata Carpenter 1864 C64
         |    `--K. filosa Carpenter 1864 C64
         |--Clidiophora Carpenter 1864 C64
         |    |--*C. claviculata [=Pandora claviculata; incl. P. cornuta] C64
         |    |--C. punctata [=Pandora punctata] C64
         |    `--C. trilineata C64
         `--Pandora GW02
              |  i. s.: P. arenosa GW02
              |         P. bilirata C64
              |         P. dilatata Deshayes 1858 SB93
              |         P. obtusa N79
              |         P. pinna PC11
              |         P. rostrata PP64
              |--P. (Pandora) PP78
              |    |--P. (P.) inaequivalvis G20, M96 [=Mya (P.) inequivalvis G20]
              |    `--P. (P.) uncifera Pilsbry & Lowe 1932 PP78
              `--P. (Pandorella) PP78
                   |--P. (P.) cornuta Adams 1852 PP78
                   `--P. (P.) granulata Dall 1915 PP78

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BD86] Barash, A., & Z. Danin. 1986. Further additions to the knowledge of Indo-Pacific Mollusca in the Mediterranean Sea (Lessepsian migrants). Spixiana 9 (2): 117–141.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[GO78] Gallardo S., C., & C. Osorio R. 1978. Hiatella solida (Sowerby, 1834) (Mollusca: Hiatellidae) on Concholepas concholepas (Bruguière, 1789) and other substrates. Veliger 20 (3): 274–278.

[GW02] Giribet, G., & W. Wheeler. 2002. On bivalve phylogeny: a high-level analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) based on combined morphology and DNA sequence data. Invertebrate Biology 121 (4): 271–324.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[H96] Healy, J. M. 1996. Molluscan sperm ultrastructure: correlation with taxonomic units within the Gastropoda, Cephalopoda and Bivalvia. In: Taylor, J. D. (ed.) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca pp. 99–113. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[JB12] Johnson, M. E., & B. G. Baarli. 2012. Development of intertidal biotas through Phanerozoic time. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 63–128. Springer.

[KC11] Kocot, K. M., J. T. Cannon, C. Todt, M. R. Citarella, A. B. Kohn, A. Meyer, S. R. Santos, C. Schander, L. L. Moroz, B. Lieb & K. M. Halanych. 2011. Phylogenomics reveals deep molluscan relationships. Nature 477: 452–456.

[M96] Morton, B. 1996. The evolutionary history of the Bivalvia. In: Taylor, J. D. (ed.) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca pp. 337–359. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[M06] Morton, B. 2006. The functional morphology of Penicillus philippinensis (Anomalodesmata: Clavagelloidea: Penicillidae) and the evolution of an unique muscular system in the Bivalvia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 23 (2): 175–192.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.

[PC11] Plazzi, F., A. Ceregato, M. Taviani & M. Passamonti. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of bivalve mollusks: ancient radiations and divergences as revealed by mitochondrial genes. PLoS One 6 (11): e27147.

[PP78] Poorman, F. L., & L. H. Poorman. 1978. Additional molluscan records from Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California Norte. Veliger 20 (4): 369–374.

[SB93] Skelton, P. W., & M. J. Benton. 1993. Mollusca: Rostroconchia, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 237–263. Chapman & Hall: London.

[TW07] Taylor, J. D., S. T. Williams, E. A. Glover & P. Dyal. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of heterodont bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Heterodonta): new analyses of 18S and 28S rRNA genes. Zoologica Scripta 36 (6): 587–606.

[XZ10] Xu, F., & J. Zhang. 2010. Study on the bivalve faunal composition of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 7–12. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.