Trigonothops

Trigonothops pacifica, copyright Stephen Thorpe.

Belongs within: Harpalinae.

Trigonothops is a genus of ground beetles found in Australia and New Guinea, with a slight basal lobe on the prothorax and non-pilose tarsi with long lobes on the fourth segment.

<==Trigonothops Macleay 1864 LM87
    |--T. (Trigonothops) LM87
    |    |--T. (T.) dimidiata Chaudoir 1877 LM87
    |    |--T. (T.) fasciata Macleay 1888 LM87
    |    |--T. (T.) flavofasciata Chaudoir 1877 [incl. T. flavofasciata nigrosignata Chaudoir 1877] LM87
    |    |--T. (T.) longiplaga Chaudoir 1877 [incl. T. pacifica lindensis Blackburn 1892] LM87
    |    |--T. (T.) occidentalis Blackburn 1892 [=T. pacifica occidentalis] LM87
    |    |--T. (T.) ornata Macleay 1888 LM87
    |    |--T. (T.) pacifica (Erichson 1842) [=Galleida (l. c. for Calleida) pacifica] LM87
    |    |--T. (T.) pallidicollis Macleay 1864 LM87
    |    |--T. (T.) pallidior Macleay 1888 LM87
    |    |--T. (T.) pescotti (Oke 1951) [=Xanthophoea pescotti] LM87
    |    `--T. (T.) vittipennis Sloane 1908 LM87
    |--T. (Abaditicus Ball & Hilchie 1983) LM87
    |    |--T. (*A.) collaris (Blackburn 1901) [=Diabaticus collaris] LM87
    |    `--T. (A.) meyeri Ball & Hilchie 1983 LM87
    |--T. (Diabaticus Bates 1878) LM87
    |    |--T. (*D.) australis (Erichson 1842) [=Plochionus australis] LM87
    |    `--T. (D.) pauper (Blackburn 1901) [=Diabaticus pauper] LM87
    `--T. (Phloeocarabus Macleay 1871) [incl. Notoxena Chaudoir 1877] LM87
         |--T. (*P.) mastersii (Macleay 1871) [=*Phloeocarabus mastersii] LM87
         |--T. (P.) anchoralis (Sloane 1917) [=Phloeocarabus anchoralis] LM87
         |--T. (P.) farinae (Blackburn 1901) [=Phloeocarabus farinae] LM87
         |--T. (P.) humeralis (Macleay 1888) [=Plochionus humeralis] LM87
         |--T. (P.) nigricollis Macleay 1864 [=*Notoxena nigricollis] LM87
         |--T. (P.) parviceps (Sloane 1923) [=Phloeocarabus parviceps] LM87
         `--T. (P.) semivittatus (Macleay 1888) [=Plochionus semivittatus] LM87

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Demetrida

Demetrida longicollis, from Brisbane Insects.

Belongs within: Lebiini.

Demetrida is a genus of Australasian ground beetles characterised by dorsally pubescent tarsi with long lobes on the fourth segment and several long teeth on the tarsal claw, and a joined, rounded-truncate ligula and paraglossae.

Demetrida White 1846 [incl. Xanthophoea Chaudoir 1848] LM87
    |--*D. lineella White 1846 LM87
    |--D. angulata Darlington 1968 LM87
    |--D. angusticollis (Macleay 1864) [=Cymindis angusticollis] LM87
    |--D. angustula (Chaudoir 1872) [=Xanthophaea angustula] LM87
    |--D. apicalis (Sloane 1917) [=Xanthophaea apicalis] LM87
    |--D. brachinodera (Chaudoir 1852) [=Demetrias brachinoderus; incl. Xanthophaea pallida Olliff 1885] LM87
    |--D. carteri (Sloane 1923) [=Xanthophaea carteri] LM87
    |--D. chaudoiri (Macleay 1871) [=Xanthophaea chaudoiri] LM87
    |--D. concinna (Blackburn 1901) [=Xanthophaea concinna] LM87
    |--D. constricticeps (Sloane 1898) [=Xanthophaea constricticeps] LM87
    |--D. cylindricollis (Blackburn 1901) [=Xanthophaea cylindricollis] LM87
    |--D. demarzi (Straneo 1960) [=Xanthophaea demarzi] LM87
    |--D. dieffenbachia OM08
    |--D. doddi (Sloane 1917) [=Xanthophaea doddi] LM87
    |--D. dorsalis (Sloane 1917) [=Xanthophaea dorsalis] LM87
    |--D. elongata (Sloane 1898) [=Xanthophaea elongata] LM87
    |--D. fasciata (Sloane 1915) [=Xanthophaea fasciata] LM87
    |--D. filiformis (Blackburn 1893) [=Xanthophaea filiformis] LM87
    |--D. grandis (Chaudoir 1848) [=*Xanthophaea grandis] LM87
    |--D. infuscata (Chaudoir 1872) [=Xanthophaea infuscata] LM87
    |--D. lineata (Dejean 1831) LM87 (see below for synonymy)
    |--D. lineolata (Chaudoir 1872) [=Xanthophaea (Demetrida) lineolata] LM87
    |--D. longicollis (Macleay 1864) (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--D. loweri (Blackburn 1890) [=Xanthophaea loweri] LM87
    |--D. marginipennis (Sloane 1917) [=Xanthophaea marginipennis] LM87
    |--D. metallica Moore 1967 LM87
    |--D. nigricincta (Sloane 1910) [=Xanthophaea nigricincta] LM87
    |--D. parallela (Chaudoir 1872) [=Xanthophaea parallela; incl. X. ornata Sloane 1910] LM87
    |--D. picipennis (Chaudoir 1872) [=Xanthophaea picipennis] LM87
    |--D. pilosula (Chaudoir 1872) [=Xanthophaea pilosula] LM87
    |--D. quadricollis (Sloane 1917) [=Xanthophaea quadricollis] LM87
    |--D. satelles (Blackburn 1893) [=Xanthophaea satelles] LM87
    |--D. setosa (Sloane 1920) [=Xanthophaea setosa] LM87
    |--D. suturata (Newman 1842) [=Calleida suturata] LM87
    |--D. trivittata Sloane 1923 LM87
    |--D. tweedensis (Blackburn 1892) [=Demetrias tweedensis] LM87
    |--D. variabilis (Macleay 1888) [=Xanthophaea variabilis] LM87
    |--D. variolosa Moore 1967 LM87
    |--D. vittata (Dejean 1831) LM87 (see below for synonymy)
    `--D. wilsoni (Sloane 1923) [=Xanthophaea wilsoni] LM87

Demetrida lineata (Dejean 1831) LM87 [=Calleida lineata LM87; incl. Lebia plagiata Germar 1848 LM87, Blechrus plagiatus G89]

Demetrida longicollis (Macleay 1864) [=Cymindis longicollis; incl. Xanthophaea ferruginea Chaudoir 1872, Demetrias rufescens Macleay 1887] LM87

Demetrida vittata (Dejean 1831) LM87 [=Calleida vittata LM87, Xanthophaea vittata B70; incl. X. lissodera Chaudoir 1872 LM87]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B70] Britton, E. B. 1970. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 495–621. Melbourne University Press.

[G89] Gestro, R. 1889. Viaggio ab Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso «Esploratore» dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880.—IV. Coleotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 5–72.

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[OM08] Ober, K. A., & D. R. Maddison. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of tribes within Harpalinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as inferred from 28S ribosomal DNA and the wingless gene. Journal of Insect Science 8: 63.

Gigadema

Gigadema nocte, from here.

Belongs within: Zuphiitae.

Gigadema is an Australian genus of ground beetles with fully developed wings, strongly striate elytra with punctate interstices, and a short median tooth on the mentum.

<==Gigadema Thomson 1859 [incl. Penichrodema Gestro 1875] LM87
    |--G. nocte (Newman 1842) [=Aenigma noctis; incl. *G. titanum Thomson 1859] LM87
    |--G. biordinatum Sloane 1914 LM87
    |--G. bostocki Castelnau 1867 (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--G. dux Blackburn 1901 LM87
    |--G. froggatti Macleay 1888 LM87
    |--G. grande (Macleay 1864) [=Helluo grandis; incl. G. grande prominens Sloane 1914] LM87
    |--G. gulare Sloane 1914 LM87
    |--G. longipenne (Germar 1848) [=Helluo longipenne; incl. G. politulum Macleay 1871] LM87
    |--G. mandibulare Blackburn 1892 [incl. G. longius Blackburn 1901] LM87
    |--G. maxillare Sloane 1914 [incl. G. grandis Gestro 1875 non Helluo grandis Macleay 1864] LM87
    |--G. obscurum Sloane 1914 LM87
    |--G. rugaticolle Blackburn 1901 LM87
    `--G. sulcatum (Macleay 1864) (see below for synonymy) LM87

Gigadema bostocki Castelnau 1867 [incl. G. eremita Blackburn 1892, G. intermedium Gestro 1875, G. longicolle Blackburn 1901] LM87

Gigadema sulcatum (Macleay 1864) [=Helluo sulcatus; incl. G. damelii Macleay 1873, G. minuta Castelnau 1867, Penichrodema minuta, G. paroensis Castelnau 1867, P. paroensis, G. thomsoni Castelnau 1867, P. thomsoni] LM87

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Anomotarus

Anomotarus illawarrae, copyright Tony D.

Belongs within: Lebiini.

Anomotarus is a genus of ground beetles found in Asia and Australasia, characterised by more or less securiform male labial palpi, rather projected eyes, fourth tarsomeres that are not widened or excised, and denticulate tarsal claws.

Anomotarus Chaudoir 1875 LM87
    |  i. s.: A. nitidior GWW10
    |         A. nubilus GWW10
    |--A. (Anomotarus) [incl. Uvea Fauvel 1881] LM87
    |    |--*A. (A.) olivaceus Chaudoir 1875 LM87
    |    |--A. (A.) crudelis (Newman 1840) [=Dromius crudelis] LM87
    |    |--A. (A.) discofoveatus Moore 1985 LM87
    |    |--A. (A.) humeralis Sloane 1917 LM87
    |    |--A. (A.) illawarrae (Macleay 1873) [=Cymindis illawarrae; incl. A. olivaceus Chaudoir 1875] LM87
    |    |--A. (A.) minor (Blackburn 1889) [=Diabaticus minor] LM87
    |    |--A. (A.) monarensis Moore in Lawrence, Moore et al. 1987 (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |    |--A. (A.) ruficornis Sloane 1917 LM87
    |    |--A. (A.) stigmula (Chaudoir 1852) [=Cymindis stigmula, *Uvea stigmula] LM87
    |    |--A. (A.) subterraneus Moore 1967 LM87
    |    |--A. (A.) tumidiceps (Blackburn 1889) [=Diabaticus tumidiceps] LM87
    |    |--A. (A.) umbratus (Blackburn 1890) [=Phloeocarabus umbratus] LM87
    |    |--A. (A.) unimaculatus (Blackburn 1890) [=Phloeocarabus unimaculatus] LM87
    |    `--A. (A.) variegatus Moore 1967 LM87
    `--A. (Nototarus Chaudoir 1875) [incl. Lestianthus Sloane 1895, Lithostrotus Blackburn 1894] LM87
         |--A. (*N.) australis (Chaudoir 1875) [=*Nototarus australis] LM87
         |--A. (N.) angusticollis (Sloane 1915) [=Nototarus angusticollis] LM87
         |--A. (N.) caerulescens (Blackburn 1894) (see below for synonymy) LM87
         |--A. (N.) chaudoiri (Sloane 1898) [=Nototarus chaudoiri] LM87
         |--A. (N.) crassiceps (Macleay 1871) [=Cymindis crassiceps] LM87
         |--A. (N.) freyi (Moore 1967) [=Nototarus freyi] LM87
         |--A. (N.) interstitialis (Sloane 1898) (see below for synonymy) LM87
         |--A. (N.) magnus (Moore 1963) [=Nototarus magnus] LM87
         |--A. (N.) morosus (Sloane 1915) [=Nototarus morosus] LM87
         `--A. (N.) puncticollis (Sloane 1917) [=Nototarus puncticollis] LM87

Anomotarus (Anomotarus) monarensis Moore in Lawrence, Moore et al. 1987 [=Cymindis aenea Macleay 1873 non C. aeneus Dejean 1831] LM87

Anomotarus (Nototarus) caerulescens (Blackburn 1894) [=*Lithostrotus caerulescens; incl. Li. planior Balckburn 1908, *Lestianthus sculpturatus Sloane 1895] LM87

Anomotarus (Nototarus) interstitialis (Sloane 1898) [=Nototarus interstitialis; incl. N. interstitialis picea Sloane 1915] LM87

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[GWW10] Guthrie, N. A., T. Weir & K. Will. 2010. Localised and regional patterns in ground-dwelling beetle assemblages in a semi-tropical arid zone environment. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 78 (1): 169–184.

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Gyrinidae

Macrogyrus striolatus, copyright Australian Museum.

Belongs within: Adephaga.

The Gyrinidae, whirligig beetles, are aquatic beetles that swim using paddle-like mid and hind legs, and have the eyes separated into dorsal and ventral sections by a bridge of cuticle. Most living species are included in the subfamily Gyrininae except Spanglerogyrus albiventris of eastern North America, which has the dorsal and ventral sections of the eye less widely separated than Gyrininae, and has meso- and metatibiae that are elongated well past their articulation with the tarsi (Roughley 2001).

Characters (from Beutel et al. 2013): Antenna with pedicellus ear-shaped, with fring of sensory hairs; pronoto-elytral angle absent; mesoventrite flat and extensive, without hexagonal groove and anterolateral grooves; mesocoxae triangular; metacoxal plates absent; mid and hind legs strongly shortened, broad and paddle-like. Larva with distinct fossa maxillaris, intramaxillary movability present, maxillary palp with two antagonistic muscles.

<==Gyrinidae [Gyrinoidea]
    |  i. s.: Cretotortor S02
    |         Mesogyrus P02
    |           |--M. antiquus P02
    |           `--M. striatus S02
    |         Anagyrinus GE05
    |         Angarogyrus GE05
    |--Triadogyrus sternalis Ponomarenko 1977 BW13
    |--Spanglerogyrus Folkerts 1979 [Spanglerogyrinae] R01
    |    `--S. albiventris LM87
    `--+--Mesodineutes amurensis Ponomarenko 1977 BW13
       `--Gyrininae LM87
            |--+--Gyrinini LM87
            |  |    |--Aulonogyrus Régimbart 1883 LM87
            |  |    |    |--*A. concinnus (Klug 1834) [=Gyrinus concinnus] LM87
            |  |    |    |--A. striatus RB02
            |  |    |    `--A. strigosus (Fabricius 1801) [=Gyrinus strigosus] LM87
            |  |    `--Gyrinus Geoffroy 1762 [incl. Gyrinulus Zaitzev 1907, Oreogyrinus Ochs 1935] R01
            |  |         |  i. s.: G. colymbus C01
            |  |         |         G. marinus C01
            |  |         |         G. minutus C01
            |  |         |         G. ovatus Aubé & Régimbart 1883 R89
            |  |         |         G. striatus [incl. G. capensis] B35
            |  |         `--G. (Gyrinus) LM87
            |  |              |--*G. (G.) natator (Linnaeus 1758) [=Dytiscus natator] LM87
            |  |              `--G. (G.) convexiusculus Macleay 1871 (see below for synonymy) LM87
            |  `--Orectochilini R01
            |       |--Orectochilus villosus BW13, RB02
            |       `--Gyretes Brullé 1834 R01
            |            |--G. dorsalis Brullé & Régimbart 1883 R89
            |            `--G. nitidulus Lab. & Régimbart 1883 R89
            `--+--Andogyrus ellipticus RB02
               `--Enhydrini R01
                    |--Enhydrus M86
                    |    |--E. albertisi M86
                    |    `--E. froggatti Macleay 1886 M86
                    |--Dineutus MacLeay 1825 MW15, R01 [=Dineutes Aubé 1838 LM87; incl. Cyclinus Kirby 1837 R01]
                    |    |  i. s.: D. americanus BB68
                    |    |         D. nigrior R01
                    |    |         D. sublineatus (Chevrolat 1833) B14
                    |    |--*D. (Dineutus) politus Macleay 1825 LM87
                    |    |--D. (Cyclous Ochs 1926) LM87
                    |    |    `--D. (*C.) australis (Fabricius 1775) (see below for synonymy) LM87
                    |    `--D. (Spinosodineutes Hatch 1925) LM87
                    |         |--D. (*S.) spinosus (Fabricius 1781) [=Gyrinus spinosus] LM87
                    |         `--D. (S.) neohollandicus Ochs 1926 [=D. (Gyrinodineutus) neohollandicus] LM87
                    `--Macrogyrus Régimbart 1883 LM87
                         |--*M. (Macrogyrus) howittii (Clark 1864) [=Enhydrus howittii] LM87
                         |--M. (Australogyrus Ochs 1949) LM87
                         |    |--M. (*A.) oblongus (Boisduval 1835) [=Gyrinus oblongus] LM87
                         |    |    |--M. o. oblongus LM87
                         |    |    |--M. o. latior (Clark 1864) [=Enhydrus latior] LM87
                         |    |    `--M. o. opacior Blackburn 1901 LM87
                         |    |--M. (A.) rivularis (Clark 1864) (see below for synonymy) LM87
                         |    `--M. (A.) viridisulcatus Mjöberg 1916 LM87
                         |--M. (Clarkogyrus Ochs 1949) LM87
                         |    `--M. (*C.) reichei (Aubé 1838) [=Enhydrus reichei; incl. E. assimilis Clark 1864] LM87
                         |--M. (Megalogyrus Ochs 1949) LM87
                         |    `--M. (*M.) striolatus (Guérin-Méneville 1830) (see below for synonymy) LM87
                         |--M. (Orectomimus Ochs 1930) LM87
                         |    |--M. (*O.) paradoxus Régimbart 1883 LM87
                         |    `--M. (O.) darlingtoni Ochs 1949 LM87
                         |--M. (Tribologyrus Ochs 1949) LM87
                         |    |--M. (*T.) australis (Brullé 1835) (see below for synonymy) LM87
                         |    |--M. (T.) angustatus Régimbart 1883 LM87
                         |    |    |--M. a. angustatus LM87
                         |    |    `--M. a. metallescens Ochs 1949 LM87
                         |    |--M. (T.) elongatus Régimbart 1883 LM87
                         |    |    |--M. e. elongatus LM87
                         |    |    `--M. e. laevis Ochs 1929 LM87
                         |    |--M. (T.) finschi Ochs 1925 LM87
                         |    |    |--M. f. finschi LM87
                         |    |    `--M. f. minor Ochs 1949 LM87
                         |    |--M. (T.) gibbosus Ochs 1956 LM87
                         |    `--M. (T.) venator (Boisduval 1835) [=Gyrinus venator] LM87
                         `--M. (Tribolomimus Ochs 1949) LM87
                              |--M. (*T.) reticulatus Régimbart 1899 LM87
                              `--M. (T.) gouldii (Hope 1842) [=Dineutes gouldii] LM87

Dineutus (*Cyclous) australis (Fabricius 1775) [=Gyrinus australis; incl. G. dentipennis Macleay 1825, G. iridis Hope 1842, Dineutus janthinus Blanchard 1853, D. leucopoda Montrouzier 1860, Gyrinus limbatus Macleay 1825, G. rufipes Fabricius 1801] LM87

Gyrinus (Gyrinus) convexiusculus Macleay 1871 [incl. G. huttoni Pascoe 1877, G. simoni Régimbart 1883] LM87

Macrogyrus (Australogyrus) rivularis (Clark 1864) [=Enhydrus rivularis; incl. M. longipes Régimbart 1883] LM87

Macrogyrus (*Megalogyrus) striolatus (Guérin-Méneville 1830) [=Gyrinus striolatus; incl. M. fortissimus Blackburn 1901] LM87

Macrogyrus (*Tribologyrus) australis (Brullé 1835) [=Enhydrus australis; incl. M. canaliculatus Régimbart 1883, E. oblongus Aubé 1838 non Gyrinus oblongus Boisduval 1835, M. simoni Régimbart 1883] LM87

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB68] Basford, N. L., J. E. Butler, C. A. Leone & F. J. Rohlf. 1968. Immunologic comparisons of selected Coleoptera with analyses of relationships using numerical taxonomic methods. Systematic Zoology 17 (4): 388–406.

[BW13] Beutel, R. G., B. Wang, J.-J. Tan, S.-Q. Ge, D. Ren & X.-K. Yang. 2013. On the phylogeny and evolution of Mesozoic and extant lineages of Adephaga (Coleoptera, Insecta). Cladistics 29 (2): 147–165.

[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'océan Pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy], pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[M86] Macleay, W. 1886. The insects of the Fly River, New Guinea, "Coleoptera". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 136–157.

[MW15] McKenna, D. D., A. L. Wild, K. Kanda, C. L. Bellamy, R. G. Beutel, M. S. Caterino, C. W. Farnum, D. C. Hawks, M. A. Ivie, M. L. Jameson, R. A. B. Leschen, A. E. Marvaldi, J. V. McHugh, A. F. Newton, J. A. Robertson, M. K. Thayer, M. F. Whiting, J. F. Lawrence, A. Ślipiński, D. R. Maddison & B. D. Farrell. 2015. The beetle tree of life reveals that Coleoptera survived end-Permian mass extinction to diversify during the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution. Systematic Entomology 40 (4): 835–880.

[P02] Ponomarenko, A. G. 2002. Superorder Scarabaeidea Laicharting, 1781. Order Coleoptera Linné, 1758. The beetles. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 164–176. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[R89] Régimbart, M. 1889. Enumération des Haliplidae, Dytiscidae et Gyrinidae recueillis par M.^r le Prof. L. Balzan dans l’Amérique méridionale et description de quelques autres espèces voisines. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 256–268.

[RB02] Ribera, I., R. G. Beutel, M. Balke & A. P. Vogler. 2002. Discovery of Aspidytidae, a new family of aquatic Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B—Biological Sciences 269: 2351–2356.

[R01] Roughley, R. E. 2001. Gyrinidae Latreille, 1810. In: Arnett, R. H., Jr & M. C. Thomas (eds) American Beetles vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia pp. 133–137. CRC Press: Boca Raton.

[S02] Sinitshenkova, N. D. 2002. Ecological history of the aquatic insects. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 388–426. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

Last updated: 10 November 2018.

Paussinae

Mystropomus sp., from here.

Belongs within: Conjunctae.
Contains: Arthropterus.

The Paussinae are a group of moderate-sized ground beetles lacking the rotation of the ovipositor found in many other carabids. A number of species of the tribe Paussini are found in association with ants.

Characters (from Ball & Bousquet 2001): Size moderate (total length ca. 6–20 mm); head capsule ventrally without antennal grooves; antennal insertions laterad, each between base of mandible and anterior margin of eye; antenna filiform to clavate, number of antennomeres 11 to 2 (lower numbers result of fusion of flagellar articles); antennomeres 2–4 not nodose, 2–6 without unusually long setae; labrum with 12 setae; mandible with scrobe unisetose or asetose, occlusal margin with one terebral tooth, retinacular tooth about size of terebral tooth, not enlarged and molariform; terminal palpomeres various, from about cylindrical to distinctly securiform; pterothorax with mesonotal scutellum dorsally visible, not concealed beneath elytra; front coxal cavities closed, with lateral arm of prosternum overlapped by tip of adjacent proepimeron; middle coxal cavities disjunct-separated, and hind coxal cavities lobate (disjunct)-confluent; elytra indistinctly striate to smooth dorsally, extended to apex of abdominal tergum VIII, and apical margins subsinuate; with or without a prominent ridge or fold in apical one-fxfth (flange of Coanda); metathoracic wings large to variously reduced; front tibia isochaete, antenna cleaner, if present, independent of spurs, sulcate or emarginate; abdomen with six (II–VII) pregenital sterna normally exposed, sterna III and IV separated by suture; male genitalia with parameres asymmetric in form (left shorter and broader, right styliform, left paramere with one or few setae apically, right with more or less dense brush of setae preapically and apically; ovipositor with gonocoxae not rotated 90° in repose, with or without ramus, gonocoxa single, not divided, without accessory lobe; reproductive tract with spermatheca 2 only. Secretion of pygidial glands quinones, delivered hot; discharged by crepitation or by oozing. Larvae with anal plates formed by fusion of tergites of abdominal segment VIII with epipleurites of abdominal segment IX; cerci either antler-like, each with several branches, or plate-like.

<==Paussinae [Isochaeta]
    |  i. s.: Mesarthropterus wasmanni (Reichensperger 1915) [=Arthropterus wasmanni] LM87
    |         Paussomorphus Raffray 1885 LM87
    |           |--*P. chevrolatii (Westwood 1852) [=Paussus chevrolatii] LM87
    |           `--P. australis (Blackburn 1891) [=Paussus australis] LM87
    |--Metrius Escholscholtz 1829 [Metriini] BB01
    |    |--M. contractus BB01
    |    `--M. explodens BB01
    `--+--Paussini [Protopaussini] BB01
       |    |--Arthropterus LB91
       |    |--Protopaussus RD77
       |    |--Megalopaussus Lea 1906 LB91, LM87
       |    |    `--*M. amplipennis Lea 1906 LM87
       |    `--Paussus A61
       |         |--P. flavicornis B35
       |         |--P. lineatus A61
       |         |--P. testaceus RD77
       |         `--P. trigonicornis G20
       `--Ozaenini [Ozaeninae] BB01
            |--Eustra japonica BB01
            |--Pseudozaena lutea Hope 1842 BB01
            |--Ozaena Olivier 1812 BB01
            |    `--O. lemoulti Bänninger 1932 BB01
            |--Physea Brullé 1834 BB01
            |    |--P. hirta LeConte 1853 BB01
            |    `--P. setosa Chaudoir 1868 BB01
            |--Pachyteles Perty 1830 BB01
            |    |  i. s.: P. mexicanus BB01
            |    |--P. (Pachyteles) gyllenhalii Dejean 1825 BB01
            |    `--P. (Goniotropis Gray 1832) BB01
            |         |--P. (G.) kuntzeni Bänninger 1927 BB01
            |         `--P. (G.) parca LeConte 1844 BB01
            `--Mystropomus Chaudoir 1848 LM87
                 |--*M. subcostatus Chaudoir 1848 LM87
                 |    |--M. s. subcostatus LM87
                 |    `--M. s. chaudoiri Castelnau 1867 LM87
                 `--M. regularis Bänninger 1940 LM87
                      |--M. r. regularis LM87
                      `--M. r. laevis Darlington 1961 LM87

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Andreae, H. 1961. Coleoptera: Cossyphodidae. In: Hanström, B., P. Brinck & G. Rudebeck (eds) South African Animal Life: Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950–1951 vol. 8 pp. 198–216. Almqvist & Wiksell: Uppsala.

[BB01] Ball, G. E., & Y. Bousquet. 2001. Carabidae Latreille, 1810. In: Arnett, R. H., Jr & M. C. Thomas (eds) American Beetles vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia pp. 32–132. CRC Press: Boca Raton.

[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'océan Pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

Last updated: 19 December 2020.

Zuphiitae

Zuphium olens, copyright Amy.

Belongs within: Harpalinae.
Contains: Galeritina, Gigadema, Planetina, Helluomorphoides, Dryptini.

The Zuphiitae are a group of carabid ground beetles whose members possess spination on the first stylomere of the ovipositor (Ober & Maddison 2008). They have been divided between several tribes; however, Ober & Maddison's (2008) phylogenetic analysis did not support monophyly of the tribes Zuphiini, Galeritini and Helluonini. Members of the Anthiini and Helluonina are large beetles with an enlarged labrum covering most of the mandibles in dorsal view. Species of the genus Anthia are capable of ejecting a spray of defensive chemicals from glands in the abdomen up to a distance of a metre. Members of the Zuphiini are characterised by truncate elytra and uniformly setose antennae with the first antennomere longer than the following two together. The genus Zuphium, with the head markedly constricted behind the eyes to form a 'neck', has a cosmopolitan distribution concentrated in the tropics.

See also: Ground beetles for today.

<==Zuphiitae [Anthiitae, Dryptitae] OM08
    |--Colasidia [Leleupidiina, Leleupidiini] B86
    |    `--C. monteithi Baehr 1988 Ba14b
    |--Anthiini OM08
    |    |--Cypholoba [Cypholobina] OM08
    |    `--Anthia [Anthiina] OM08
    |         |--A. cinctipennis B55
    |         |    |--A. c. cinctipennis B55
    |         |    `--A. c. actaeon B55
    |         |--A. circumscripta B55
    |         |    |--A. c. circumscripta B55
    |         |    `--A. c. omostigma [incl. A. niveicincta] B55
    |         |--A. maxillosa Bo14
    |         |--A. sexguttata L02
    |         `--A. thoracica (Thunberg 1784) Bo14
    `--Zuphiini (see below for synonymy) OM08
         |  i. s.: Progalerita B86
         |         Eunostus B86
         |         Meladroma lugubre B55
         |         Triaenogenius B55
         |           |--T. anthioides (Chaud. 1872) [=Acanthogenius anthioides] G89
         |           |--T. arabicus Gestro 1889 G89
         |           |--T. carinulatus (Fairm. 1887) [=Acanthogenius carinulatus] G89
         |           |--T. corpulentus Chaud. 1877 G89
         |           |--T. ferox (Erichs. 1843) [=Helluo ferox] G89
         |           |--T. helluonoides (Ancey 1881) [=Anthia helluonoides] G89
         |           `--T. sculpturatus (Gerst. 1866) [=Acanthogenius sculpturatus] G89
         |--+--Galeritina OM08
         |  `--+--+--Omphra OM08
         |     |  `--Macrocheilus Kirby 1838 OM08, BR05
         |     |       |--M. bimaculatus B55
         |     |       `--M. biplagiatus B55
         |     `--+--Acrogenys Macleay 1864 OM08, Ba14b [Dicrodontina]
         |        |    |  i. s.: A. centralis GWW10
         |        |    |--A. (Acrogenys) LM87
         |        |    |    |--*A. (A.) hirsuta Macleay 1864 LM87
         |        |    |    |--A. (A.) demarzi Baehr 1984 LM87
         |        |    |    `--A. (A.) laticollis Baehr 1984 LM87
         |        |    `--A. (Paracrogenys Baehr 1984) LM87
         |        |         `--A. (*P.) longicollis Gestro 1875 LM87
         |        `--Helluonina OM08
         |             |  i. s.: Helluo Bonelli 1813 LM87
         |             |           |--*H. costatus Bonelli 1813 [incl. H. carinatus Chaudoir 1848] LM87
         |             |           `--H. insignis Sloane 1890 LM87
         |             |--Dicranoglossus Chaudoir 1872 OM08, LM87
         |             |    `--*D. resplendens (Castelnau 1867) (see below for synonymy) LM87
         |             `--+--Gigadema OM08
         |                `--Aenigma Newman 1836 OM08, LM87
         |                     `--*A. iris Newman 1836 (see below for synonymy) LM87
         `--+--+--Thalpius LeConte 1851 OM08, LM87 (see below for synonymy)
            |  |    |--*T. pygmaeus (Dejean 1826) [=Helluo pygmaeus, Pseudaptinus (*Thalpius) pygmaeus] LM87
            |  |    |--T. australis (Blackburn 1889) [=Acrogenys australis, Pseudaptinus (Thalpius) australis] LM87
            |  |    `--T. fulvus (Castelnau 1867) [=*Zuphiosoma fulva, Pseudaptinus (Thalpius) fulvus] LM87
            |  `--+--Planetina OM08
            |     `--+--Helluomorphoides OM08
            |        `--+--‘Thalpius’ rufulus OM08
            |           `--Pseudaptinus Castelnau 1834 OM08, LM87 (see below for synonymy)
            |                |--*P. albicornis Castelnau 1834 LM87
            |                |--P. brittoni Baehr 1985 B86
            |                |--P. hirsutulus Baehr 1985 B86
            |                |--P. iridescens Baehr 1985 B86
            |                |--P. lecontei (Dejean 1831) BB01
            |                |--P. monteithi Baehr 1985 B86
            |                `--P. tenuicollis (LeConte 1851) BB01
            `--+--+--Dryptini OM08
               |  `--Pogonoglossus Chaudoir 1862 OM08, LM87 (see below for synonymy)
               |       |--*P. validicornis Chaudoir 1862 LM87
               |       |--P. danielsi Baehr 2008 Ba14a
               |       |--P. frater Baehr 2014 Ba14a
               |       |--P. inarmatus Baehr 1988 Ba14a
               |       |--P. inflaticeps (Sloane 1904) [=Carpaulum inflaticeps] LM87
               |       |--P. parvus Darlington 1968 Ba14a
               |       |--P. porosus (Sloane 1904) [=Carpaulum porosum] LM87
               |       |--P. rufopiceus Baehr 1993 Ba14a
               |       `--P. soror Baehr 2014 Ba14a
               `--+--Catapiesini BS02
                  |    |--Catapiesis brasiliensis OM08
                  |    `--Homalomorpha BS02
                  `--+--Mischocephalus [Mischocephalina] OM08
                     `--Zuphium Latreille 1806 OM08, LM87 [=Zophium Gistel 1839 BB01, Zoyphium Agassiz 1847 BM76]
                          |--*Z. olens (Rossi 1790) [=Carabus olens] LM87
                          |--Z. australe Chaudoir 1862 LM87
                          |--Z. castelnaui Gestro 1875 LM87
                          |--Z. fitzroyense Macleay 1888 LM87
                          |--Z. flavum GWW10
                          |--Z. numidicum Lucas 1846 E12
                          |--Z. pindan Macleay 1888 LM87
                          |--Z. rockhamptonense Castelnau 18967 [=Z. rockhamptonensis] LM87
                          `--Z. thouzeti Castelnau 1867 B86

Zuphiitae incertae sedis:
  Helluarchus Sloane 1914 M80, LM87
    |--*H. robustus Sloane 1914 LM87
    `--H. whitei Lea 1914 LM87
  Speozuphium Moore 1995 Ba14b
  Speothalpius Moore 1995 Ba14b
    `--S. grayi Ba14b
  Typhlozuphium Baehr 2014 Ba14b
    |--*T. humicolum Baehr 2014 Ba14b
    `--T. longipenne Baehr 2014 Ba14b
  Parazuphium Jeannel 1942 B86, Ba14b
    |--*P. (Parazuphium) chevrolati (Castelnau 1833) [=Zuphium chevrolati] Ba14b
    `--P. (Austrozuphium Baehr 1985) Ba14b
         |--P. (*A.) mastersii (Castelnau 1867) [=Zuphium mastersii] Ba14b
         |--P. (A.) flavescens Baehr 1985 Ba14b
         `--P. (A.) pilbarae Baehr 1985 Ba14b

*Aenigma iris Newman 1836 [incl. A. newmanni Castelnau 1867, A. splendens Castelnau 1867] LM87

*Dicranoglossus resplendens (Castelnau 1867) [=Helluosoma resplendens; incl. Aenigma parvulum Macleay 1874] LM87

Pogonoglossus Chaudoir 1862 OM08, LM87 [incl. Carpaulum Sloane 1904 LM87; Physocrotaphinae, Physocrotaphini LB91]

Pseudaptinus Castelnau 1834 OM08, LM87 [incl. Diaphorus Dejean 1831 non Meigen 1824 BB01, Tiphys Gistel 1848 (preoc.) BB01]

Thalpius LeConte 1851 OM08, LM87 [incl. Enaphorus LeConte 1851 BB01, Zuphiosoma Laporte de Castelnau 1867 BB01]

Zuphiini [Galeritini, Galeritinini, Galeritulini, Helluomorphina, Helluonides, Helluoninae, Helluonini, Omphrina, Patriziina, Zuphiina, Zuphiinae] OM08

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B86] Baehr, M. 1986. Revision of the Australian Zuphiinae. 6. The genus Planetes Macleay. Supplement to the other genera (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae). Spixiana 9 (2): 151–168.

[Ba14a] Baehr, M. 2014a. Two new species of the beetle genus Pogonoglossus from the Pilbara region of north-western Australia (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Physocrotaphini). Records of the Western Australian Museum 29 (2): 89–94.

[Ba14b] Baehr, M. 2014b. Three new species and a new genus of subterranean Zuphiini from the Pilbara region of north-western Australia (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 95–104.

[BB01] Ball, G. E., & Y. Bousquet. 2001. Carabidae Latreille, 1810. In: Arnett, R. H., Jr & M. C. Thomas (eds) American Beetles vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia pp. 32–132. CRC Press: Boca Raton.

[BS02] Ball, G. E., & D. Shpeley. 2002. Ginemini, Ginema thomasi, new tribe, new genus and new species, from Amazonian Bolivia (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 128 (1): 75–98.

[B55] Basilewsky, P. 1955. Carabidae (Coleoptera) de l’Angola (première partie). Diamang Publicações Culturais 27: 91–137.

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[Bo14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[G89] Gestro, R. 1889. Viaggio ab Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso «Esploratore» dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880.—IV. Coleotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 5–72.

[GWW10] Guthrie, N. A., T. Weir & K. Will. 2010. Localised and regional patterns in ground-dwelling beetle assemblages in a semi-tropical arid zone environment. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 78 (1): 169–184.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[M80] Matthews, E. G. 1980. A Guide to the Genera of Beetles of South Australia. Part 1. Archostemata and Adephaga. South Australian Museum: Australia.

[OM08] Ober, K. A., & D. R. Maddison. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of tribes within Harpalinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as inferred from 28S ribosomal DNA and the wingless gene. Journal of Insect Science 8: 63.

Last updated: 3 November 2018.