Bolothrips

Bolothrips schaferi, from University of Alberta.

Belongs within: Phlaeothripidae.

Bolothrips is a genus of grass-living thrips found in the Holarctic and Africa.

Characters (from Mound & Palmer 1983): Antennal segment III with one or two sense-cones, segment IV with two or three slender sense-cones. Eyes may or may not be prolonged ventrally. Maxillary stylets wide apart in head. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures present or absent. Pelta broadly rounded. Abdominal tergites each with one pair of wing-retaining setae.

<==Bolothrips Priesner 1926 MM96 [incl. Boloadelothrips Moulton 1949 MP83, Botanothrips Hood 1939 MP83]
    |--*B. bicolor (=Heeger 1825) (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |--B. africanus (Moulton 1949) [=*Boloadelothrips africanus] MP83
    |--B. cinctus Faure 1943 MP83
    |--B. cingulatus (Karny 1916) [=Cryptothrips cingulatus] MP83
    |--B. dentipes (Reuter 1880) [=Phloeothrips dentipes; incl. Cryptothrips bagnalli Karny 1916] MP83
    |--B. dentis Faure 1954 MP83
    |--B. embotyi Faure 1943 MP83
    |--B. gilvipes (Hood 1914) [=Cryptothrips gilvipes; incl. B. litoreus Hood 1939] MP83
    |--B. icarus (Uzel 1895) [=Cryptothrips icarus; incl. C. icarus var. pallipes Uzel 1895] MP83
    |--B. insularis (Bagnall 1914) (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |--B. italicus Mound 1974 MP83
    |--B. pratensis Hood 1939 [=B. (*Botanothrips) pratensis] MP83
    |--B. rhachiphilus Cott 1956 MP83
    |--B. schaferi (Thomasson & Post 1966) [=Nesothrips schaferi] MP83
    `--B. varius Hartwig 1948 MP83

*Bolothrips bicolor (=Heeger 1825) [=Phloeothrips bicolor; incl. Oedaleothrips andrei Watson 1933, Bolothrips bicolor f. brevicornis Priesner 1928] MP83

Bolothrips insularis (Bagnall 1914) [=Cryptothrips insularis; incl. B. arenarius Priesner 1950, C. brachyurus Bagnall 1927, C. icarus tuberculatus Priesner 1922] MP83

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1-487.

[MP83] Mound, L. A. & J. M. Palmer. 1983. The generic and tribal classification of spore-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Entomology series 46 (1): 1-174.

Compsothrips

Compsothrips sp., photographed by Charley Eiseman.

Belongs within: Phlaeothripidae.

Compsothrips is a circumtropical genus of wingless ant-mimicking thrips.

Characters (from Mound & Palmer 1983): Apterous species; colour black, brown or yellow, usually constricted at metathorax with a pair of chalky white markings producing an ant-like appearance; metathoracic sternopleural sutures exceptionally long and extending to hind coxae; antennal segment IV with 2 sense cones; eyes usually prolonged on ventral surface of head; maxillary stylets greater than one-thid head-width apart.

<==Compsothrips Reuter 1901 MM96 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*C. albosignatus (Reuter 1884) (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |--C. aeneus (Hood 1937) [=Oedaleothrips aeneus] MM96
    |--C. baileyi (Hood 1941) [=Oedaleothrips baileyi] MM96
    |--C. bicolor Priesner 1921 MM96
    |--C. brasiliensis (Hood 1952) [=Oedaleothrips brasiliensis] MM96
    |--C. brunneus (Hood 1941) [=Oedaleothrips brunneus] MM96
    |--C. congoensis (Hood 1952) [=Oedaleothrips congoensis] MP83
    |--C. dampfi (Priesner 1926) MM96 [=*Myrmecothrips (sensu Priesner) dampfi MP83, *Formicothrips dampfi MP83]
    |--C. graminis (Hood 1936) [=Oedaleothrips graminis] MM96
    |--C. hoodi (De Santis 1958) [=Leptogastrothrips hoodi] MM96
    |--C. hookeri (Hood 1916) MM96 (see below for synonymy)
    |--C. jacksoni (Hood 1925) MM96 [=Oedaleothrips jacksoni MM96; incl. C. hubbeli Watson 1931 MP83]
    |--C. maroccanus Priesner 1964 MP83
    |--C. oneillae Bournier 1974 MP83
    |--C. pampicola (De Santis 1958) [=Leptogastrothrips pampicola] MM96
    |--C. querci (Watson 1920) [=*Myrmecothrips (sensu Watson) querci] MP83
    |--C. ramamurthii (Ananthakrishnan 1964) (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |--C. reuteri (Trybom 1912) (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |--C. sinensis (Pelikan 1961) [=Oedaleothrips sinensis] MP83
    |--C. sumatranus Priesner 1928 MP83
    |--C. timur (Pelikan 1961) [=Oedaleothrips timur] MP83
    |--C. tristis (Cott 1956) [=Oedaleothrips tristis] MM96
    |--C. uzeli (Hood 1952) [=Oedaleothrips uzeli] MP83
    |--C. walteri (Watson 1933) [=Oedaleothrips walteri] MM96
    `--C. yosemitae (Moulton 1929) [=Formicothrips yosemitae] MM96

Compsothrips Reuter 1901 MM96 [incl. Formicothrips Priesner 1927 MP83, Leptogastrothrips Trybom 1912 MP83, Leurothrips Bagnall 1908 MP83, Macrothrips Buffa 1908 non Bagnall 1908 MP83, Myrmecothrips Watson 1920 MP83, Myrmecothrips Priesner 1926 non Watson 1920 MP83, Oedaleothrips Hood 1916 MP83]

*Compsothrips albosignatus (Reuter 1884) [=Phloeothrips albosignata, *Macrothrips albosignatus; incl. *Leurothrips albomaculata Bagnall 1908] MP83

Compsothrips hookeri (Hood 1916) MM96 [=*Oedaleothrips hookeri MP83; incl. O. bradleyi Hood 1937 MP83, O. campestris Hood 1941 MP83]

Compsothrips ramamurthii (Ananthakrishnan 1964) [=Oedaleothrips ramamurthii; incl. C. ramamurthii bicolor Ananthakrishnan 1966 non C. bicolor Priesner 1921, C. ramamurthii indicus Ananthakrishnan 1973] MP83

Compsothrips reuteri (Trybom 1912) [=*Leptogastrothrips reuteri; incl. Oedaleothrips aemulus Jacot-Guillarmod 1942, O. amabilis Jacot-Guillarmod 1942, Compsothrips recticeps Hood 1925] MP83

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1-487.

[MP83] Mound, L. A. & J. M. Palmer. 1983. The generic and tribal classification of spore-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Entomology series 46 (1): 1-174.

Psalidothrips

Head of Psalidothrips longistylus, from Okajima (1983).

Belongs within: Hoplothripini.

Psalidothrips is a genus of thrips found in leaf litter with a distinctively rather broad, dorsoventrally flattened head (Mound & Marullo 1996).

Characters (from Mound & Marullo 1996): Head as wide as long, dorsoventrally flattened, often incut behind large eyes; maxillary stylets unusually low in head and wide apart; maxillary palps unusually small; antennae 8-segmented, segment III with two or three sense cones, segment IV with three or four; pronotal anteromarginal and anteroangular setae small; fore tarsal tooth absent; forewing without duplicated cilia, sub-basal wing setae minute sternite VIII of male with glandular area.

<==Psalidothrips Priesner 1932 [incl. Hennigithrips Johansen 1986] MM96
    |--*P. amens Priesner 1932 MM96
    |--P. ananthakrishnani (Johansen 1986) [=*Hennigithrips ananthakrishnani] MM96
    |--P. conciliatus Hood 1955 [incl. P. lepidus Zur Strassen 1972] MM96
    |--P. daedalus (Karny 1912) [=Cryptothrips daedalus] MP83
    |--P. dissidens Hood 1955 MM96
    |--P. longistylus Okajima 1983 MM96
    |--P. pitkini Okajima 1983 MM96
    |--P. retifer Hood 1955 MM96
    |--P. sturmi Zur Strassen 1972 MM96
    `--P. umbraticus Hood 1955 MM96

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1-487.

[MP83] Mound, L. A. & J. M. Palmer. 1983. The generic and tribal classification of spore-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Entomology series 46 (1): 1-174.

Okajima, S. 1983. Studies on some Psalidothrips species with key to the world species (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Journal of Natural History 17 (1): 1-13.

Apelaunothripini

Head and pronotum of Apelaunothrips consimilis, from Mound (2013).

Belongs within: Phlaeothripidae.

The Apelaunothripini are a group of fungus-feeding thrips that have the maxillary stylets slightly broader than in other members of the subfamily Phlaeothripinae (though not as broad as in the Idolothripinae).

Characters (from Mound & Palmer 1983): Antennae long, slender, with eight segments. Maxillary guides stout, maxillary stylets relatively broad. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures absent. Males with B₂ setae on tergite nine short and stout.

<==Apelaunothripini [Apelaunothripina] MM96
    |--Stenocephalothrips Johansen 1982 MM96
    |    `--*S. zacualtipanensis Johansen 1982 MM96
    |--Dexiothrips Hartwig 1952 MP83
    |    |--*D. pensus Hartwig 1952 MP83
    |    `--D. madrasensis (Ananthakrishnan 1964) [=Malacothrips madrasensis] MP83
    `--Apelaunothrips Karny 1925 [incl. Baphothrips Priesner 1933] MP83
         |--*A. medioflavus (Karny 1925) [=Ophidothrips medioflavus] MP83
         |--A. armatus Okajima 1979 MP83
         |--A. bhowalii (Ananthakrishnan 1972) [=Stigmothrips bhowalii] MP83
         |--A. bicolor Okajima 1979 MP83
         |--A. consimilis (Ananthakrishnan 1969) [=Stigmothrips consimilis] MP83
         |--A. femoralis Okajima 1979 MP83
         |--A. gabonensis (Bournier 1970) [=Baphothrips gabonensis] MP83
         |--A. indicus (Ananthakrishnan 1968) [=Philothrips indicus] MP83
         |--A. japonicus Okajima 1979 MP83
         |--A. leios (Mound 1970) [=Baphothrips leios] MP83
         |--A. lieni Okajima 1979 MP83
         |--A. luridus Okajima 1979 MP83
         |--A. maculipennis (Okajima 1976) [=Stigmothrips maculipennis] MP83
         |--A. malayensis Okajima 1979 MP83
         |--A. montanus Okajima 1979 MP83
         |--A. nigripennis Okajima 1979 MP83
         |--A. ocularis Okajima 1979 MP83
         |--A. tasmani Mound 1974 MP83
         `--A. tricolor (Priesner 1933) [=*Baphothrips tricolor] MP83

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Mound, L. A. 2013. Species diversity in the Palaeotropical leaf-litter genus Apelaunothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae). Zootaxa 3741 (1): 181-193.

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1-487.

[MP83] Mound, L. A. & J. M. Palmer. 1983. The generic and tribal classification of spore-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Entomology series 46 (1): 1-174.

Pygothripina

Cryptothrips rectangularis, from University of Alberta.

Belongs within: Phlaeothripidae.

The Pygothripina is a group of thrips that is most diverse in Australia and New Zealand (Mound & Palmer 1983).

Characters (from Mound & Palmer 1983): Antennae often 7-segmented, usually with two sense cones on segments III and IV (rarely three or four cones on segment IV). Maxillary guides often well-developed; maxillary stylets long and close together medially. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures present; anapleural sutures complete. Pelta with slender wide lateral wings, often broad basally. Anal tube may be greatly swollen.

<==Pygothripina [Cryptothripina, Cryptothripinae]
    |--Cleistothrips Bagnall 1932 MP83
    |    `--*C. idolothripoides Bagnall 1932 MP83
    |--Pelinothrips Mound 1974 MP83
    |    |--*P. ornatus (Girault 1930) [=Rhopalothrips ornatus] MP83
    |    `--P. brochotus Mound 1974 MP83
    |--Ozothrips Mound & Palmer 1983 MP83
    |    |--*O. priscus Mound & Palmer 1983 MP83
    |    |--O. eurytis Mound & Palmer 1983 MP83
    |    `--O. janus Mound & Palmer 1983 MP83
    |--Heptathrips Moulton 1942 [incl. Ascania Faure 1954, Capnothrips Zur Strassen 1979] MP83
    |    |--*H. tonnoiri Moulton 1942 MP83
    |    |--H. africana (Moulton 1949) [=Adelothrips africana] MP83
    |    |--H. magnifica (Faure 1954) [=*Ascania magnifica] MP83
    |    `--H. ruficaudis (Zur Strassen 1979) [=*Capnothrips ruficaudis] MP83
    |--Priesneriana Ananthakrishnan 1956 MP83
    |    |--*P. kabandha (Ramakrishna 1928) [=Gnophothrips kabandha] MP83
    |    |--P. amneius (Mound 1974) [=Cryptothrips amneius] MP83
    |    |--P. laticeps (Hood 1918) [=Cryptothrips laticeps] MP83
    |    `--P. uptoni (Mound 1974) [=Cryptothrips uptoni] MP83
    |--Emprosthiothrips Moulton 1942 [Emprosthiothripini] MP83
    |    |--*E. niger Moulton 1942 MP83
    |    |--E. bogong Mound 1969 MP83
    |    |--E. brimblecombei Mound 1974 MP83
    |    |--E. brittoni Mound 1969 MP83
    |    |--E. csiro Mound 1969 MP83
    |    `--E. epallelus Mound 1974 MP83
    |--Phaulothrips Hood 1918 (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |    |--*P. vuilleti Hood 1918 [incl. *Titanothrips portentosus Karny 1920] MP83
    |    |--P. agrestis (Bagnall 1924) [=*Tetraceratothrips agrestis] MP83
    |    |--P. anici Mound 1974 MP83
    |    |--P. barretti Mound 1974 MP83
    |    |--P. caudatus Bagnall 1932 MP83
    |    |--P. fuscus Moulton 1935 [incl. Cladothrips punctatus Rayment 1948] MP83
    |    |--P. inquilinus (Kelly 1934) [=*Kaleidothrips inquilinus] MP83
    |    |--P. longitubus Girault 1928 MP83
    |    |--P. magnificus (Bianchi 1953) [=Docessissophothrips magnificus] MP83
    |    |--P. sibylla Mound 1974 MP83
    |    `--P. uptoni Mound 1974 MP83
    |--Pygothrips Hood 1915 (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |    |--*P. rugicauda Hood 1915 MM96
    |    |--P. albiceps Hood 1938 MM96
    |    |--P. callipygus Hood 1952 MM96
    |    |--P. fortis Hood 1938 MM96
    |    |--P. longiceps Hood 1952 [incl. P. satanas De Santis 1957] MM96
    |    |--P. magnicauda Hood 1954 MM96
    |    |--P. mikrommatos (Moulton 1944) [=*Diplochelaeothrips mikrommatos] MP83
    |    |--P. needhami Hood 1938 MM96
    |    |--P. pygus (Mound 1974) [=Cryptothrips pygus] MP83
    |    |--P. sculpticauda (Hood & Williams 1915) MM96 [=*Barythrips sculpticauda MP83]
    |    |--P. shavianus (Bagnall 1918) [=Cryptothrips shavianus] MP83
    |    `--P. zeteki Hood 1934 MM96
    `--Cryptothrips Uzel 1895 MP83
         |--C. nigripes (Reuter 1880) (see below for synonymy) MP83
         |--C. angustus Uzel 1895 MP83
         |--C. carbonarius Hood 1908 MM96 [incl. C. longiceps Hood 1912 MP83, C. longisetis Johansen 1986 MM96]
         |--C. flavus Solowiow 1924 MP83
         |--C. gracilior Hood 1918 GM79
         |--C. maritimus Djadetschko 1962 MP83
         |--C. milmani Girault 1927 G27
         |--C. rectangularis Hood 1908 MM96 [incl. Trichothrips salicis Watson 1921 MP83]
         |--C. reticulaticeps Girault 1927 G27
         |--C. rodwayi Hardy 1915 GM79
         |--C. sauteri Karny 1913 MP83
         |--C. sordidatus Hood 1927 MM96
         `--C. tithonus Girault 1928 G28

Cryptothrips nigripes (Reuter 1880) [=Phloeothrips nigripes; incl. C. latus f. breviceps Maltbaek 1929, C. insularis Titschack 1964 non Bagnall 1914, *C. lata Uzel 1895, C. major Bagnall 1911, C. nigripes phariacus Titschack 1965, C. williamsi Bagnall 1933] MP83

Phaulothrips Hood 1918 [incl. Kaleidothrips Kelly in Kelly & Maine 1934, Tetraceratothrips Bagnall 1924, Titanothrips Karny 1920] MP83

Pygothrips Hood 1915 [incl. Barythrips Hood & Williams 1915, Diplochelaeothrips Moulton 1944; Pygothripidae] MP83

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[G27] Girault, A. A. 1927. Thysanoptera nova Australiensis. II. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 214-215).

[G28] Girault, A. A. 1928. Some Insecta and a new All Highness. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 225-228).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1-487.

[MP83] Mound, L. A. & J. M. Palmer. 1983. The generic and tribal classification of spore-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Entomology series 46 (1): 1-174.

Allothripina

Male Allothrips megacephalus stannardi, from PaDIL.

Belongs within: Phlaeothripidae.

The Allothripina is a group of small, wingless fungus-feeding thrips, most species of which have a large terminal sensorium on the maxillary palps that superficially resembles an extra segment (Mound & Palmer 1983).

Characters (from Mound & Palmer 1983; Priesner 1960): Smaller forms, all of them wingless. Head often slightly advanced before the eyes. Eyes small, usually directed forward; when somewhat bigger, then head constricted behind the eyes and ommata strongly arched. Terminal sensorium on maxillary palps stout. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures usually present.

<==Allothripina [Pygidiothripini] P60
    |--Faureothrips Priesner 1949 MP83
    |    `--*F. reticulatus (Trybom 1912) [=Cryptothrips reticulatus] MP83
    |--Allopisothrips Sakimura & Bianchi 1977 MP83
    |    `--*A. alakaiensis Sakimura & Bianchi 1977 MP83
    |--Allidothrips Zur Strassen 1968 MP83
    |    |--*A. tricolor Zur Strassen 1968 MP83
    |    `--A. cinctus (Faure 1945) [=Allothrips cinctus] MP83
    |--Pseudocryptothrips Priesner 1919 MP83
    |    |--*P. meridionalis Priesner 1919 MM96
    |    |--P. fuscicauda (Trybom 1912) [=Cryptothrips fuscicauda; incl. P. proximus Faure 1933] MP83
    |    `--P. gradatus (Hood 1925) [=Cryptothrips gradatus] MM96
    |--Priesneriella Hood 1927 [incl. Embothrips Dyadechko 1961, Parallothrips Hood 1939, Pygidiothrips Hood 1938] MP83
    |    |--*P. citricauda Hood 1927 MM96
    |    |--P. clavicornis (Knetchtel 1936) [=Hoplothrips clavicornis; incl. Parallothrips tuzetae Bournier 1956] MP83
    |    |--P. gnomus Mound & Palmer 1983 MP83
    |    |--P. luctator (zur Strassen 1966) [=Parallothrips luctator] MP83
    |    |--P. mavromoustaki (Crawford 1948) (see below for synonymy) MP83
    |    |--P. seminole (Hood 1938) MM96 [=*Pygidiothrips seminole MP83]
    |    |--P. thomasi (Hood 1939) MM96 [=*Parallothrips thomasi MP83]
    |    `--P. tubversicolor (Dyadechko 1961) [=*Embothrips tubversicolor] MP83
    `--Allothrips Hood 1908 MM96 [incl. Bryothrips Priesner 1925 MP83]
         |--*A. megacephalus Hood 1908 MM96
         |    |--A. m. megacephalus MM96
         |    |--A. m. acutus Stannard 1955 [=A. watsoni acuta] MP83
         |    |--A. m. greensladei Mound 1972 MP83
         |    |--A. m. mexicanus Stannard 1955 MM96 [=A. watsoni mexicana MP83]
         |    |--A. m. prolixus Mound 1972 MP83
         |    |--A. m. stannardi Mound 1972 MP83
         |    `--A. m. watsoni Hood 1939 MP83
         |--A. brasilianus Hood 1955 [incl. A. coanosetosus Berzosa 1990] MM96
         |--A. nubillicauda Watson 1935 MP83
         `--A. pillichellus (Priesner 1925) [=*Bryothrips pillichellus] MP83
              |--A. p. pillichellus MP83
              |--A. p. acaciae Faure 1945 MP83
              |--A. p. africanus Faure 1933 MP83
              |--A. p. aureus Stannard 1955 MP83
              |--A. p. bicolor Ananthakrishnan 1964 MP83
              |--A. p. biminianus Stannard 1955 [=A. watsoni biminiana] MP83
              |--A. p. bournieri Mound 1972 MP83
              |--A. p. indicus Ananthakrishnan 1958 MP83
              `--A. p. montanus Ananthakrishnan 1968 MP83

Priesneriella mavromoustaki (Crawford 1948) [=Parallothrips mavromoustaki; incl. Pa. mavromoustaki f. flaviceps Bournier 1962] MP83

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1-487.

[MP83] Mound, L. A. & J. M. Palmer. 1983. The generic and tribal classification of spore-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Entomology series 46 (1): 1-174.

Hoplothripini

Oncothrips morrisi, from CSIRO.

Belongs within: Phlaeothripidae.
Contains: Kladothrips, Hoplothrips, Carathrips, Eugynothrips, Holopothrips, Liothrips, Teuchothrips, Leeuweniini, Gynaikothrips.

The Hoplothripini was defined by Priesner (1960) as a group of phlaeothripid thrips with wings usually even in width or narrowed towards the middle and then parallel-sided, rarely expanded towards the end, and with reticulation rarely present. This was explicitly intended as a residual assemblage of genera lacking the characters of more distinctive tribes within Phlaeothripinae; as such, it is almost certainly not monophyletic. Nevertheless, the core of this assemblage may correspond to the Liothrips lineage of leaf-feeding thrips which usually have one sense cone on antennal segment III and three on segment IV, undeveloped pronotal basantra, and parallel-sided fore wings (Mound & Marullo 1996).

Characters (from Priesner 1960): Wings usually even in width or narrowed towards the middle and then parallel-sided, rarely expanded towards the end. Reticulation rarely present.

<==Hoplothripini P60
    |  i. s.: Dyscolothrips Mamet 1967 M04
    |           `--D. priesneri M04
    |         Pygmaeothrips Karny 1920 M70, MM96 [incl. Micropsothrips De Santis 1950 MM96, Polyporothrips Watson 1927 MM96]
    |           `--P. angusticeps (Hood 1908) MM96 (see below for synonymy)
    |--Dactylothrips [Dactylothripina] P60
    |    |--D. priscus A78
    |    `--D. tasmani A78
    |--Hoodiana [Hoodianina] P60
    |--Rhinoceps Faure 1949 MM96 [Rhinocipitina P60]
    |    `--*R. jansei Faure 1949 [incl. R. cornutus Zur Strassen 1972] MM96
    |--Cephalothripina P60
    |    |--Gnophothrips Hood & Williams 1915 P60, MM96
    |    |    `--G. fuscus (Morgan 1913) (see below for synonymy) MM96
    |    `--Jacotia P60
    |         |--J. glyptus MDT13
    |         |--J. idaeus MDT13
    |         |--J. palmerae MDT13
    |         `--J. rhodorcha Mound & Minaei 2006 T13
    |--Lispothrips Reuter 1899 MM96 [Lispothripina P60]
    |    |--*L. wasastjernae Reuter 1899 MM96
    |    |--L. birdi Moulton 1929 MM96
    |    |--L. brevicruralis (Shull 1909) [=Trichothrips brevicruralis] MM96
    |    |--L. crassipes (Jablonowski 1894) [=Phloeothrips crassipes] MM96
    |    |--L. populi Moulton 1929 MM96
    |    `--L. salicarius (Hood 1913) [=Rhynchothrips salicarius; incl. L. varicornis Moulton 1929] MM96
    |--Cercothripina P60
    |    |--Cercothrips P60
    |    |    |--C. nigrodentatus A78
    |    |    `--C. priesneri A78
    |    `--Gigantothrips Zimmermann 1900 P60, MM96
    |         |--*G. elegans Zimmerman 1900 MM96
    |         |--G. afer A78
    |         |--G. halidayi (Newman 1855) [=Idolothrips halidayi] MP83
    |         |--G. nigrodentatus MM96
    |         |--G. priesneri A78
    |         |--G. rossi Moulton 1947 MM96
    |         `--G. seshadrii MM96
    |--Kladothripina P60
    |    |--Alocothrips hadrocerus P60, A78
    |    |--Amothrips P60
    |    |--Chelaeothrips P60
    |    |    |--C. annamensis A78
    |    |    `--C. idoliceps A78
    |    |--Choleothrips P60
    |    |    |--C. geijerae A78
    |    |    `--C. percnus A78
    |    |--Dimorphothrips P60
    |    |    |--D. idoliceps A78
    |    |    |--D. microchaetus A78
    |    |    `--D. solitus A78
    |    |--Eurynothrips P60
    |    |--Grypothrips P60
    |    |    |--G. curiosus Girault 1927 G27
    |    |    `--G. mantis Karny 1924 GM79
    |    |--Kellyia P60
    |    |    |--K. biadenes P73
    |    |    `--K. hoodianus A78
    |    |--Koptothrips P60
    |    |    |--K. distritus A78
    |    |    |--K. flavicornis A78
    |    |    |--K. xenus A78
    |    |    `--K. zelus A78
    |    |--Moultonia P60
    |    |--Sumatrothrips filiceps P60, A78
    |    |--Thaumatothrips froggatti Karny 1922 P60, M70
    |    |--Kladothrips BMW13
    |    |--Oncothrips P60
    |    |    |--O. antennatus LD04
    |    |    |--O. habrus LD04
    |    |    |--O. morrisi LD04
    |    |    |--O. rodwayi LD04
    |    |    |--O. schwarzi LD04
    |    |    |--O. sterni LD04
    |    |    |--O. tepperi [incl. Brithothrips fuscus] A78
    |    |    |--O. torus LD04
    |    |    `--O. waterhousei LD04
    |    |--Onychothrips P60
    |    |    |--O. arotrum LD04
    |    |    |--O. hakeae A78
    |    |    |--O. pilbara LD04
    |    |    `--O. zygus LD04
    |    |--Byctothrips ayyari A78
    |    |--Csirothrips A78
    |    |--Katothrips A78
    |    |    |--K. brevitibia (Girault 1928) P73, G28b [=Watsoniella brevitibia P73]
    |    |    |--K. hyrum A78
    |    |    |--K. pendulae A78
    |    |    |--K. tityrus A78
    |    |    `--K. yamma A78
    |    `--Warithrips A78
    `--Hoplothripina [Liothripinae] M70
         |  i. s.: Hoplothrips MDT13
         |         Acaciothrips P60
         |         Adelphothrips tristis P60, A78
         |         Aliothrips elegantulus P60, A78
         |         Arrhenothrips P60
         |           |--A. acuminatus A78
         |           |--A. dhumrapaksha A78
         |           |--A. pacificus A78
         |           `--A. ramakrishnae Hood 1912 A78
         |         Athlibothrips P60
         |         Austrothrips cochinchinensis P60, A78
         |         Brachythrips P60
         |         Carathrips P60
         |         Cephenothrips P60
         |         Chaetokarnyia P60
         |         Coryphothrips trochiceps P60, A78
         |         Eugynothrips P60
         |         Eumorphothrips P60
         |         Eurhynchothrips flavicornis P60, A78
         |         Holopothrips P60
         |         Isotrichothrips P60
         |         Leptoliothrips P60
         |         Liophloeothrips P60
         |         Liothrips P60
         |         Litotetothrips P60
         |         Mallothrips indicus P60, A78
         |         Manothrips P60
         |         Megeugynothrips efflatouni P60, A78
         |         Mesicothrips plicans P60, A78
         |         Mimothrips longicornis P60, A78
         |         Odontoplothrips P60
         |         Necrothrips P60
         |         Nephothrips P60
         |         Parateuchothrips P60
         |         Phasmothrips asparatus P60, A78
         |         Pnigmothrips P60
         |         Prosantothrips hyalopterus P60, A78
         |         Ramakrishnaiella P60
         |         Sauridothrips P60
         |         Scelothrips P60
         |         Sunaitiothrips P60
         |         Syringothrips gallicola P60, A78
         |         Tetradothrips foliiperda P60, A78
         |         Thlibothrips P60
         |           |--T. atavus A78
         |           `--T. nigricaudus A78
         |         Tolmetothrips granti P60, A78
         |         Vuilletia houardi P60, A78
         |         Xiphidothrips tambourisae P60, A78
         |         Zelotothrips fuscipennis P60, A78
         |         Holcothrips Hood 1954 P60, MM96
         |           `--*H. achmaeae Hood 1954 MM96
         |         Neothrips Hood 1908 P60, MM96
         |           `--*N. corticis Hood 1908 MM96
         |         Plagiothrips Priesner 1968 P60, MM96
         |           `--*P. eugeniae (Costa Lima 1935) (see below for synonymy) MM96
         |         Neocecidothrips Bagnall 1929 P60, M08
         |           |--*N. bursariae (Moulton 1927) (see below for synonymy) M08
         |           `--N. curviseta (Girault 1926) [=Horistothrips curviseta] M08
         |         Hindsiothrips Stannard 1958 P60, MM96
         |           |--*H. pullatus (Hood 1925) [=Hindsiana pullata] MM96
         |           |--H. bonesi [incl. H. oettingeni] MM96
         |           `--H. robustisetis (Watson & Preer 1939) [=Eurythrips robustisetis] MM96
         |         Trybomia Karny 1911 P60, MM96 [incl. Ommatothrips Hood 1915 MM96]
         |           |--T. intermedius (Bagnall 1910) (see below for synonymy) MM96
         |           |--T. brevitubus (Moulton 1929) [=Diceratothrips brevitubus] MM96
         |           |--T. elongatus (Bagnall 1910) [=Liothrips elongatus] MM96
         |           |--T. gossypii (Hood 1915) [=*Ommatothrips gossypii] MM96
         |           `--T. mendesi Moulton 1933 MM96
         |         Trichinothrips Bagnall 1929 P60, MM96
         |           |--*T. branderi Bagnall 1929 MM96
         |           |--T. callipechys Hood 1952 MM96
         |           |--T. latifrons Hood 1956 MM96
         |           |--T. panamensis Hood 1935 MM96
         |           |--T. pusillus Hood 1954 MM96
         |           `--T. sensilis Hood 1952 MM96
         |         Horistothrips Morgan 1913 P60, M08 [incl. Aspidothrips Karny 1920 M08]
         |           |--*H. australiae Morgan 1913 (see below for synonymy) M08
         |           |--H. claruspilus M08
         |           |--H. magnafemora M08
         |           |--H. pallidispinosus M08
         |           |--H. platygaster (Karny 1920) (see below for synonymy) M08
         |           `--H. quadriconus Girault 1928 G28a
         |         Akthethrips Mound 1970 M70
         |           `--*A. strobus Mound 1970 M70
         |         Aclystothrips A78
         |           |--A. aberrans A78
         |           `--A. priesneri A78
         |         Ayyarothrips abstrusus A78
         |         Carius malagassus A78
         |         Corycidothrips inquilinus A78
         |         Crotonothrips A78
         |           |--C. coorgensis A78
         |           |--C. dantahasta A78
         |           |--C. davidi A78
         |           |--C. dhirgavadana A78
         |           |--C. dissimilis A78
         |           |--C. gallarum A78
         |           |--C. memecylonicus A78
         |           `--C. mimicus A78
         |         Dixothrips onerosus A78
         |         Eothrips A78
         |           |--E. coimbatorensis A78
         |           |--E. crassicornis A78
         |           |--E. laticauda A78
         |           `--E. schouteniae A78
         |         Liophlaeothrips A78
         |           |--L. ablusus A78
         |           |--L. cecidii A78
         |           |--L. curtus A78
         |           |--L. longus A78
         |           |--L. segnis A78
         |           `--L. vichitravarna A78
         |         Lygothrips jambuvasi A78
         |         Mixothrips Stannard 1968 A78, MM96
         |           |--*M. craigheadi Stannard 1968 MM96
         |           `--M. nakaharai Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
         |         Phorinothrips A78
         |           |--P. loranthi A78
         |           `--P. minusculus A78
         |         Psenothrips priesneri A78
         |         Sphingothrips trachypogon A78
         |         Synergothrips prolatus A78
         |         Schedothrips A78
         |           |--S. orientalis A78
         |           `--S. tumidus A78
         |         Senegothrips coutini A78
         |--+--Teuchothrips BMW13
         |  `--Heligmothrips Mound 1970 BMW13, M08
         |       |--*H. erinaceus (Karny 1920) [=Trichothrips erinaceus; incl. Teuchothrips fuscipennis Moulton 1968] M70
         |       |--H. brevidens (Hood 1918) (see below for synonymy) M70
         |       |--H. eiletus Mound 1970 M70
         |       |--H. frickeri Mound 1970 M70
         |       `--H. gracilior (Hood 1918) (see below for synonymy) M70
         `--+--Leeuweniini BMW13
            `--Gynaikothrips BMW13

Gnophothrips fuscus (Morgan 1913) [=Trichothrips fuscus; incl. *G. megaceps, G. piniphilus Crawford 1938] MM96

Heligmothrips brevidens (Hood 1918) [=Liothrips brevidens, Teuchothrips brevidens; incl. T. spinosus Moulton 1968] M70

Heligmothrips gracilior (Hood 1918) [=Liothrips gracilior, Teuchothrips gracilior; incl. T. albipennis Moulton 1968] M70

*Horistothrips australiae Morgan 1913 [incl. H. corticis Girault 1929, Elaphrothrips thoreauini Girault 1929] M08

Horistothrips platygaster (Karny 1920) [=*Aspidothrips platygaster; incl. H. calvus Karny 1920, H. impennis Karny 1920, H. ischnosoma Karny 1920] M08

*Neocecidothrips bursariae (Moulton 1927) [=Eothrips bursariae; incl. Cryptothrips schilleri Girault 1927, Teuchothrips schilleri] M08

*Plagiothrips eugeniae (Costa Lima 1935) [=Gynaikothrips eugeniae, Homorothrips eugeniae, Mixothrips eugeniae] MM96

Pygmaeothrips angusticeps (Hood 1908) MM96 [=Trichothrips angusticeps MM96; incl. Poecilothrips biformis Moulton 1934 MM96, *Pygmaeothrips columniceps Karny 1920 MM96, Hoplothrips dallasi Moulton 1933 MM96, Py. ferecaecus Priesner 1929 MM96, *Micropsothrips ganodermae De Santis 1950 MM96, *Polyporothrips longipilosus Watson 1927 MM96, Liothrips priscus Karny 1920 M70, L. silvifilia Girault 1927 MM96, G27]

Trybomia intermedius (Bagnall 1910) [=Liothrips intermedius; incl. T. fiebrigi Priesner 1921, *T. phasma Karny 1911] MM96

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A78] Ananthakrishnan, T. N. 1978. Thrips galls and gall thrips. Zoological Survey of India, Technical Monograph 1: 1–69, 26 pls.

[BMW13] Buckman, R. S., L. A. Mound & M. F. Whiting. 2013. Phylogeny of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) based on five molecular loci. Systematic Entomology 38: 123–133.

[G27] Girault, A. A. 1927. Thysanoptera nova Australiensis. II. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 214–215).

[G28a] Girault, A. A. 1928a. Some new hexapods stolen from authority. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 221–224).

[G28b] Girault, A. A. 1928b. Some Insecta and a new All Highness. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 225–228).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.

[LD04] Lin, C.-P., & B. N. Danforth. 2004. How do insect nuclear and mitochondrial gene substitution patterns differ? Insights from Bayesian analyses of combined datasets. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 686–702.

[M70] Mound, L. A. 1970. Convoluted maxillary stylets and the systematics of some phlaeothripine Thysanoptera from Casuarina trees in Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 18: 439–463.

[M04] Mound, L. A. 2004. Australian long-tailed gall thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae, Leeuweniini), with comments on related Old World taxa. Australian Journal of Entomology 43: 28–37.

[M08] Mound, L. A. 2008. Identification and host associations of some Thysanoptera Phlaeothripinae described from Australia pre-1930. Zootaxa 1714: 41–60.

[MDT13] Mound, L. A., L.-H. Dang & D. J. Tree. 2013. Genera of fungivorous Phlaeothripinae (Thysanoptera) from dead branches and leaf-litter in Australia. Zootaxa 3681 (3): 201–224.

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1–487.

[MP83] Mound, L. A., & J. M. Palmer. 1983. The generic and tribal classification of spore-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Entomology series 46 (1): 1–174.

[P73] Pitkin, B. R. 1973. A revision of the Australian Haplothripini, with descriptions of three new species (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Aust. Ent. Soc. 12: 315–339.

[P60] Priesner, H. 1960. Das System der Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 13: 283–296.

[T13] Taylor, C. K. 2013. Annotated bibliography for Barrow Island terrestrial invertebrates. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 135–144.

Last updated: 26 April 2022.