Camarotoechiidae

Various views of Leiorhynchus specimen, from the Peabody Museum of Natural History.

Belongs within: Rhynchonellida.

The Camarotoechiidae are a group of medium-sized to large brachiopods known from the Silurian to the Permian (Ager et al. 1965).

Characters (from Ager et al. 1965): Medium-sized to large, round or elliptical in outline, sides and front never truncated; costae generally rounded. Brachial valve with high median septum or ridge; hinge plate entire, or divided only in its most anterior portion, or divided by small shallow open septalium; cardinal process usually absent.

<==Camarotoechiidae AG65
    |--Septalariinae [Pseudopugnaxinae, Septalariidae] AG65
    |    |--Septalaria Leidhold 1928 AG65
    |    |    `--S. subtetragona (Schnur 1851) (see below for synonymy) AG65
    |    |--Amissopecten Havlíček 1960 AG65
    |    |    `--*A. velox (Barrande 1847) [=Terebratula velox] AG65
    |    |--Pseudocamarophoria Wedekind 1925 AG65
    |    |    `--*P. microrhyncha (Roemer 1844) [=Terebratula microrhyncha] AG65
    |    `--Pseudopugnax Likharev 1956 AG65
    |         `--*P. planissimus Likharev 1956 AG65
    `--Camarotoechiinae [Leiorhynchinae, Nudirostrinae] MM02
         |--Astutorhyncha Havlíček 1961 AG65
         |    `--*A. proserpina (Barrande 1847) [=Rhynchonella proserpina] AG65
         |--Calvinaria Stainbrook 1945 AG65
         |    `--*C. ambigua (Calvin 1878) [=Rhynchonella ambigua] AG65
         |--Felinotoechia Havlíček 1961 AG65
         |    `--*F. felina (Barrande 1879) [=Atrypa astuta var. felina] AG65
         |--Fenestrirostra Cooper 1955 AG65
         |    `--*F. glacialis (Billings 1862) [=Rhynchonella glacialis] AG65
         |--Hyborhynchella Cooper 1955 AG65
         |    `--*H. bransoni Cooper 1955 AG65
         |--Paranorella Cloud 1944 AG65
         |    `--*P. imperialis Cloud 1944 AG65
         |--Sanjuania Amos 1958 AG65
         |    `--*S. dorsisulcata Amos 1958 AG65
         |--Rhynchotretina Khalfin 1939 AG65
         |    `--*R. aequivalvis Khalfin 1939 AG65
         |--Rugaltarostrum Sartenaer 1961 AG65
         |    `--*R. madisonense (Haynes 1916) [=Leiorhynchus madisonense] AG65
         |--Camarotoechia Hall & Clarke 1893 AG65
         |    |--*C. congregata (Conrad 1841) [=Atrypa congregata] AG65
         |    `--C. allegania N79
         |--Caryorhynchus Crickmay 1952 AG65
         |    |--*C. carya (Crickmay 1952) [=Leiorhynchus carya] N79
         |    `--C. globiliforme N79
         |--Leiorhynchoidea Cloud 1944 AG65
         |    |--*L. schucherti Cloud 1944 AG65
         |    `--L. carboniferum (Girty 1911) [=Leiorhynchus carboniferum] AG65
         |--Paurorhyncha Cooper 1942 AG65
         |    |--*P. endlichi (Meek 1875) [=Rhynchonella endlichi] AG65
         |    `--P. cooperi AG65
         |--Plagiorhyncha McLearn 1918 MM02
         |    |--P. depressa (Sowerby 1839) (see below for synonymy) MM02
         |    |--P. niobe (Barrande 1847) MM02
         |    `--P. thisbe (Barrande 1847) MM02
         |--Hircinisca Havlíček 1960 AG65
         |    |--*H. sapho (Barrande 1879) [=Atrypa hircina var. sapho] AG65
         |    |--H. hebes AG65
         |    `--H. hircina AG65
         `--Leiorhynchus Hall 1860 (see below for synonymy) AG65
              |--*L. quadracostatus (Vanuxem 1842) [=Orthis quadracostata, *Nudirostra quadracostata] AG65
              |--L. castanea N79
              |--L. hippocastanea N79
              |--L. mesacostale N79
              |--L. miram N79
              |    |--L. m. miram N79
              |    `--L. m. alpha N79
              |--L. sinuatum N79
              `--L. (Zigania) ursus H79

Leiorhynchus Hall 1860 [=Liorhynchus Oehlert 1887 non Rudolphi 1801, Nudirostra Cooper & Muir-Wood 1951] AG65

Plagiorhyncha depressa (Sowerby 1839) [=Atrypa depressa; incl. A. analoga Wenjukow 1899, Plagiorhyncha analoga, Spirigerina cordata Lindström 1861, P. cordata, Rhynchonella glassii Davidson 1883, *P. glassii, Septatrypa subanaloga Rybnikova 1967, P. subanaloga] MM02

Septalaria subtetragona (Schnur 1851) [=Terebratula subtetragona; incl. T. ascendens Steininger 1853, *Septalaria ascendens] AG65

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AG65] Ager, D. V., R. E. Grant, D. J. McLaren & H. Schmidt. 1965. Rhynchonellida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt H. Brachiopoda vol. 2 pp. H552–H632. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas Press: Lawrence (Kansas).

[H79] House, M. R. 1979. Devonian in the Eastern Hemisphere. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A183–A217. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[MM02] Musteikis, P., & T. L. Modzalevskaya. 2002. Some Silurian brachiopods from Lithuania and their palaeobiogeographical significance. Palaeontology 45 (3): 595–626.

[N79] Norris, A. W. 1979. Devonian in the Western Hemisphere. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A218–A253. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).