Delthyrididae

Howellella elegans, from Primitive Worlds.

Belongs within: Spiriferida.

The Delthyrididae are a group of spiriferid brachiopods known from the Lower Silurian to the Middle Devonian (Boucot et al. 1965).

Characters (from Boucot et al. 1965): Biconvex, weakly to strongly transverse; lateral slopes plicate or costate; fold and sulcus smooth or with median rib in sulcus and median groove on fold; micro-ornament typically consisting of distinct growth lamellae upon which are superposed capillae that become fimbriate at anterior margin of each growth lamella, more rarely consisting of capillae only or of teardrop-shaped granules; interior of pedicle valve generally with well-developed dental plates, some with distinct median septum but none with delthyrial plate; brachial-valve interior with area of diductor attachment deeply striate longitudinally, resulting in comblike cardinal process; crural plates absent or short; shell substance impunctate.

<==Delthyrididae [Delthyridae] M03
    |  i. s.: Eohowellella Lopushinskaya 1976 M03
    |           |--E. minimus Lopushinskaya 1976 M03
    |           `--E. yadrenkinae Lopushinskaya 1976 M03
    |--Cyrtinopsis Scupin 1896 [Cyrtinopsidae, Cyrtinopsinae] BJ65
    |    `--*C. undosa (Schnur 1853) [=Spirifer undosus] BJ65
    |         |--C. u. undosa TC71
    |         `--C. u. maiderensis TC71
    |--Kozlowskiellininae [Kozlowskiellinae] BJ65
    |    |--Hedeina Boucot 1957 BJ65
    |    |    `--*H. crispa (Linnaeus 1758) [=Anomia crispa, Delthyris crispa] BJ65
    |    `--Kozlowskiellina Boucot 1958 (see below for synonymy) BJ65
    |         |--*K. strawi (Boucot 1957) [=*Kozlowskiella strawi] BJ65
    |         |--‘Spirifer’ perlamellosus Hall 1857 [=*Megakozlowskiella perlamellosa] BJ65
    |         `--K. raricosta BJ65
    |--Delthyridinae BJ65
    |    |--Howittia Talent 1956 BJ65
    |    |    `--*H. howitti (Chapman 1905) [=Spirifer howitti] BJ65
    |    |--Ivanothyris Havlíček 1957 BJ65
    |    |    `--*I. gibbosa (Barrande 1879) [=Spirifer gibbosus] BJ65
    |    |--Neodelthyris Hou 1963 BJ65
    |    |    `--*N. sinensis Hou 1963 BJ65
    |    |--Uralospirifer Havlíček 1959 BJ65
    |    |    `--*U. mansy (Khodalevich 1951) [=Spirifer (Delthyris) mansy] BJ65
    |    `--Delthyris Dalman 1828 [incl. Quadrifarius Fuchs 1929] BJ65
    |         |--*D. elevata Dalman 1828 BJ65
    |         |--D. dumontianus H79
    |         `--D. loculata Fuchs 1923 [=*Quadrifarius loculatus] BJ65
    `--Acrospiriferinae BJ65
         |--Antispirifer Williams 1916 BJ65
         |    `--*A. harroldi Williams 1916 BJ65
         |--Australospirifer Caster 1939 BJ65
         |    `--*A. kayserianus (Clarke 1913) [=Spirifer kayserianus] BJ65
         |--Eospiriferina Grabau 1931 BJ65
         |    `--*E. lachrymosa (Grabau 1931) [=Spiriferina (*Eospiriferina) lachrymosa] BJ65
         |--Mauispirifer Allan 1947 BJ65
         |    `--*M. hectori Allan 1947 BJ65
         |--Pinguispirifer Havlíček 1957 BJ65
         |    `--*P. infirmus (Barrande 1879) [=Spirifer infirmus] BJ65
         |--Spinella Talent 1956 BJ65
         |    |--*S. buchanensis Talent 1956 BJ65
         |    `--S. yassensis [=Spirifer yassensis] TC71
         |--Acrospirifer Helmbrecht & Wedekind 1923 XY86
         |    |--*A. primaevus (Steininger 1853) [=Spirifer primaeva] BJ65
         |    |--A. coxi C68
         |    |--A. hercyniae H79
         |    |--A. kobehana N79
         |    |--A. lilydalensis H79
         |    |--A. macrothyris N79
         |    |--A. murchisoni N79
         |    |--A. peltica H79
         |    `--A. tonkinensis (Mansuy 1908) WL04
         `--Howellella Kozlowski 1843 BJ65, XY86 [=Crispella Kozlowski 1929 non Gray 1870 BJ65]
              |--*H. elegans (Muir-Wood 1925) (see below for synonymy) BJ65
              |--H. angustiplicata (Kozlowski 1829) [=Spirifer (Crispella) angustiplicatus] XY86
              |--H. cycloptera XY86
              |--H. fecunda Chen 1983 XY86
              |--H. minora XY86
              |--H. pauciplicata Waite 1956 M03
              |--H. prima Alekseeva 1967 M03
              |--H. subbragensis (Kulkov 1963) XY86
              |--H. vanuxemi N79
              `--H. yukiangensis XY86

*Howellella elegans (Muir-Wood 1925) [=Delthyris elegans; incl. Terebratula crispus Hisinger 1826, D. crispa non Anomia crispa Linné 1758] BJ65

Kozlowskiellina Boucot 1958 [=Kozlowskiella Boucot 1957 non Přibyl 1953; incl. Megakozlowskiella Boucot 1957, Megakozlowskiellina Amsden & Ventress 1963] BJ65

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BJ65] Boucot, A. J., J. G. Johnson, C. W. Pitrat & R. D. Staton. 1965. Spiriferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt H. Brachiopoda vol. 2 pp. H632–H728. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas Press: Lawrence (Kansas).

[C68] Cooper, R. A. 1968. Lower and Middle Paleozoic fossil localities of north-west Nelson. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Geology 6 (7): 75–89.

[H79] House, M. R. 1979. Devonian in the Eastern Hemisphere. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A183–A217. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[M03] Modzalevskaya, T. L. 2003. Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73–107.

[N79] Norris, A. W. 1979. Devonian in the Western Hemisphere. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A218–A253. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[TC71] Thomson, K. S., & K. S. W. Campbell. 1971. The structure and relationships of the primitive Devonian lungfish—Dipnorhynchus sussmilchi (Etheridge). Yale University Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin 38: 1–109.

[WL04] Wang S.-Q. & R. F. Lundin. 2004. Sinoleperditiini (Ostracoda) from the Lower Emsian Shanglun Formation at the Shanglun village, central Guangxi, China. Journal of Paleontology 78 (2): 349–358.

[XY86] Xu H.-K. & Yao Z.-G. 1986. The Lower Devonian and its brachiopods from Lingshan, Guangxi. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 25 (2): 169–179.