Coccinelloidea

Ascetoderes sp., photographed by S. E. Thorpe.

Belongs within: Coleoptera.
Contains: Coccinellidae, Endomychidae, Corylophidae, Latridiidae, Cerylonidae.

The Coccinelloidea are a diverse clade of beetles supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses (McKenna et al. 2015).

<==Coccinelloidea [Tridigitati] MW15
    |--+--+--Coccinellidae MW15
    |  |  `--+--Endomychidae MW15
    |  |     `--Akalyptoischion [Akalyptoischiidae] MW15
    |  |          `--A. atrichos Andrews 1976 B14
    |  `--+--Sphaerosoma [Alexiidae] MW15
    |     |    `--S. carpathicum (Reitter 1883) B14
    |     `--+--Corylophidae MW15
    |        `--+--Merophysiidae [Holoparamecinae, Merophysiinae] RD77
    |           |    |--Holoparamecus depressus MW15, LB91
    |           |    `--Merophysia RD77
    |           `--Anamorphinae MW15
    |                |--Bystus MW15
    |                `--Micropsephodes lundgreni Leschen & Carlton 2000 B14
    `--+--Latridiidae MW15
       `--+--Murmidius [Murmidiinae] MW15
          |    `--M. ovalis LB91
          `--+--+--Cerylonidae MW15
             |  `--Discolomatidae [Notiophygidae] MW15
             |       |--Parmaschema basilewskyi John 1955 B14
             |       |--Aphanocephalus bimaculatus LB91
             |       `--Fallia MW15
             `--Bothrideridae MW15
                  |--Anommatus [Anommatinae] LB91
                  |    `--A. duodecimstriatus LB91
                  `--Bothriderinae B14
                       |--Bothrideres taeniatus B70
                       |--Pseudobothrideres conradsi Pope 1959 B14
                       |--Ascetoderes aequinus LB91
                       |--Deretaphrus LB91
                       `--Dastarcus confinis LB91, M86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[B70] Britton, E. B. 1970. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 495–621. Melbourne University Press.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[M86] Macleay, W. 1886. The insects of the Fly River, New Guinea, "Coleoptera". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (1): 136–157.

[MW15] McKenna, D. D., A. L. Wild, K. Kanda, C. L. Bellamy, R. G. Beutel, M. S. Caterino, C. W. Farnum, D. C. Hawks, M. A. Ivie, M. L. Jameson, R. A. B. Leschen, A. E. Marvaldi, J. V. McHugh, A. F. Newton, J. A. Robertson, M. K. Thayer, M. F. Whiting, J. F. Lawrence, A. Ślipiński, D. R. Maddison & B. D. Farrell. 2015. The beetle tree of life reveals that Coleoptera survived end-Permian mass extinction to diversify during the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution. Systematic Entomology 40 (4): 835–880.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

Monotomidae

Graveyard beetle Rhizophagus parallelocollis, copyright Udo Schmidt.

Belongs within: Cucujoidea.

The Monotomidae are a group of elongate, parallel-sided beetles generally found under wood or in decaying vegetable matter (Bouchard 2014).

Characters (from Lawrence & Britton 1991): Elongate, parallel-sided, subcylindrical to flattened, may be glabrous or clothed with decumbent setae, elytra may be truncate, exposing pygidium. Head usually abruptly narrowed posteriorly, forming distinct tempora (temples) behind eyes; antenna ten-segmented with one- or two-segmented club. Pronotum crenulate or dentate laterally; fore coxae globose, trochantins concealed, fore coxal cavities closed externally and internally. Mid coxae moderately separated, cavities open laterally. Tarsal formula 5-5-5 or 4-4-4, may be 5-5-4 in male. Abdomen with five visible ventrites, all free. Larva elongate, slightly flattened, slightly tapered posteriorly and lightly pigmented above but with tuberculate dorsal surface and sometimes lateral tergal processes on thorax and abdomen. Mala falciform; mandibular prostheca narrow and sometimes serrate; urogomphi weakly developed.

<==Monotomidae [Rhizophagidae] B14
    |  i. s.: Phyconomus marinus B14
    |         Mimemodes laticeps LB91
    |         Shoguna LB91
    |         Monotomopsis LB91
    |         Thione B70
    |--Monotominae B14
    |    |--Lenax mirandus Sharp 1877 B14
    |    `--Monotoma americana LB91
    `--Rhizophaginae B14
         |--Crowsonius meliponae Pakaluk & Ślipiński 1993 B14
         `--Rhizophagus B14
              |--R. aeneus C01
              `--R. parallelocollis B14

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[B70] Britton, E. B. 1970. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 495–621. Melbourne University Press.

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

Cerylonidae

Cerylon histeroides, copyright Dick Belgers.

Belongs within: Coccinelloidea.

The Cerylonidae are a group of small beetles found under bark of rotten logs and in decaying leaf litter where they probably feed on fungal hyphae and spores (Lawrence & Britton 1991).

Characters (from Lawrence & Britton 1991): Broadly ovate to narrowly elongate, slightly to strongly flattened, red to brown to black in colour (occasionally bicoloured), subglabrous or sparsely clothed with erect hairs. Antenna eight- to eleven-segmented, club almost always one- or two-segmented and compact (exceptionally three-segmented); fore coxae globose, trochantins concealed, fore coxal cavities open or closed internally and externally; mid coxae moderately to widely separated, cavities closed; hind coxae almost always widely separated; tarsi tri- or tetramerous; abdomen with five visible ventrites, all free, femoral lines often present on metasternum and/or ventrite 1. Larva elongate to broadly ovate and disc-like with lateral tergal processes on all thoracic and most abdominal segments and usually with granulate or tuberculate dorsal surface clothed with variously modified setae.

<==Cerylonidae B14
    |  i. s.: Pakalukia napo Ślipiński 1991 B14
    |         Glyptolopus B14
    |         Micruloma [Metaceryloninae] LB91
    |           `--M. minuta LB91
    |--+--Euxestinae LB91
    |  |    |--Protoxestus australicus LB91
    |  |    |--Euxestus LB91
    |  |    `--Hypodacnella LB91
    |  `--+--Xylariophilus [Xylariophilinae] MW15
    |     `--Teredinae LB19
    |          |--Sosylus spectabilis Grouvelle 1914 B14
    |          `--Teredolaemus leae MW15, LB91
    `--+--Ostomopsis MW15
       `--Ceryloninae LB91
            |--Cerylonopsis alienigenus LB91
            |--Cautomus mirabilis LB91
            |--Australiorylon longipilis LB91
            |--Mychocerus LB91
            |--Philothermus MW15
            |--Aculagnathus [Aculagnathidae] B74
            |    `--A. mirabilis B70
            `--Cerylon Latreille 1802 L02
                 |--*C. terebrans [=Lyctus terebrans] L02
                 |--C. alienigerum B70
                 `--C. histeroides [=Cis (Cerylon) histeroides] G20

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[B70] Britton, E. B. 1970. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 495–621. Melbourne University Press.

[B74] Britton, E. B. 1974. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers. Supplement 1974 pp. 62–89. Melbourne University Press.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[MW15] McKenna, D. D., A. L. Wild, K. Kanda, C. L. Bellamy, R. G. Beutel, M. S. Caterino, C. W. Farnum, D. C. Hawks, M. A. Ivie, M. L. Jameson, R. A. B. Leschen, A. E. Marvaldi, J. V. McHugh, A. F. Newton, J. A. Robertson, M. K. Thayer, M. F. Whiting, J. F. Lawrence, A. Ślipiński, D. R. Maddison & B. D. Farrell. 2015. The beetle tree of life reveals that Coleoptera survived end-Permian mass extinction to diversify during the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution. Systematic Entomology 40 (4): 835–880.

Languriinae

Hapalips prolixus, copyright Epitree.

Belongs within: Cucujoidea.

The Languriinae are a predominantly phytophagous group of beetles whose larvae are often stem borers.

Characters (from Leschen 2003): Subapical serrations of mandible absent; lacinia usually with three lacinial spines (occasionally two); lateral pockets absent on mentum; medial carina of mentum usually present; apical labial palpomere not securiform, width greater than or equal to its length; width of ligular membrane equal to or greater than prementum; transverse gular line usually present, usually as a deep groove; antennal insertion usually hidden in dorsal view; supraocular line absent or present usually to level above or beyond eye; transverse line absent on vertex of head; two (exceptionally one) stridulatory files present or absent on vertex of the head; pronotum not constricted at base; anterior angles of pronotum well or poorly developed; anterior margin of prosternum serrate or not; pronotal pits usually present; glandular ducts usually present below or in the lateral carina of pronotum and usually unitubulate; prosternal glandular ducts present or absent; procoxal cavity internally closed; procoxal cavity spartially or completely open behind, closure by prosternum and hypomeron or by hypomeron; edge of hypomeron usually smooth; mesoventral glandular ducts present or absent; mesepisternal fovea present or absent; mesometaventral articulation monocondylic; width of mesoventral process usually narrower than mesocoxa; submesocoxal lines present or absent; metaventral pores absent or present; metepisternal ctenidium present or absent; abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 usually free; abdominal glandular ducts usually present at disk and margin; abdominal calli usually present; metafurcal lamina usually present with median stalk of metendosternite well developed; form of spermatheca rounded or elongate; apical pit of spermatheca present or absent; accessory gland of spermatheca usually present; length of tarsomere 1 usually equal to, or sometimes longer than, tarsomere 2; tarsomere 4 reduced and hidden in ventral view; tarsal shelf of tarsomere 5 present or absent; empodium with one, two, or lacking setae; elytral punctation usually striate with scutellary striole present or absent; elytra usually narrowly explanate; radial cell and wedge cell of hind wing usually present.

<==Languriinae
    |  i. s.: Caenolanguria vulgaris LB91
    |--Hapalipini L03
    |    |--Bolerus minutus L03
    |    `--+--Truquiella gibbifera L03
    |       `--Hapalips Reitter 1877 (see below for synonymy) L03
    |            |--*H. mexicanus Reitter 1877 L03
    |            |--H. cribricollis L03
    |            |--H. eichelbaumi L03
    |            |--H. filum L03
    |            |--H. fuscus Reitter 1877 [=H. (*Cavophorus) fuscus] L03
    |            |--H. grouvelli L03
    |            |--H. investigatus Leschen & Wegrzynowicz 1998 [=*Isolanguria fusca Lea 1929 non Reitter 1877] L03
    |            |--H. nitidulus L03
    |            |--H. prolixus Sharp 1876 [=Xenoscelis prolixus, H. (Xenosceloides) prolixus] L03
    |            |--H. scotti L03
    |            `--‘*Loberina’ taprobanae Grouvelle 1902 L03
    `--+--Thallisellini L03
       |    |--+--Acryptophagus L03
       |    |  `--Pseudhapalips L03
       |    `--+--Platoberus latus L03
       |       `--Thallisella Crotch 1876 L03
       |            `--T. crotchi L03
       `--Languriini L03
            |  i. s.: Promecolanguria L03
            |           |--P. marshalli Gorh. 1900 G01
            |           |--P. natalensis Gorham 1901 G01
            |           `--P. trogositoides Gorh. 1900 G01
            |--Microlanguria jansoni L03
            `--+--Crotchia hondurana L03
               `--+--+--Cladoxena Motschulsky 1866 [Cladoxenini] L03
                  |  |    `--C. maculata L03
                  |  `--Paracladoxena L03
                  |       |--P. abundans L03
                  |       |--P. bipustulata L03
                  |       `--P. flavicornis L03
                  `--+--Penolanguria L03
                     `--+--Neoloberolus Leschen 2003 L03
                        |    `--*N. cursor (Grouvelle 1919) [=Loberolus cursor] L03
                        `--+--Dasydactylus L03
                           `--+--Nomotus L03
                              `--+--Anadastus harmandi L03
                                 `--Languria Latreille 1802 L03
                                      |--L. bicolor G20
                                      |--L. mozardi L03
                                      |--L. ruficollis L02
                                      |--L. thoracica Boisduval 1835 B35
                                      `--L. trifasciata L03

Hapalips Reitter 1877 [incl. Cavophorus Sen Gupta 1968, Isolanguria Lea 1929, Loberina Grouvelle 1902, Xenosceloides Sen Gupta 1968] L03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'océan Pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[G01] Gorham, H. S. 1901. Descriptions of genera and species of Coleoptera from South Africa (continued). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 349–365.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[L03] Leschen, R. A. B. 2003. Erotylidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cucujoidea): phylogeny and review. Fauna of New Zealand 47: 1–108.

Altica

Altica oleracea, copyright Entomart.

Belongs within: Galerucinae.

Altica is a cosmopolitan genus of leaf beetles with a transverse depression across the base of the pronotum, longitudinal keels on the elytra, and hind femora that are enlarged but not swollen anteriorly.

Altica
    |--A. azurea Latreille in Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--‘Haltica’ caerulea RD77
    |--A. chalybeipennis Dejean in Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--‘Haltica’ cyanea J89
    |--‘Haltica’ daurica C01
    |--‘Haltica’ deserticola C01
    |--A. oleracea [=Galleruca oleracea; incl. A. australis] B35
    |--A. pagana LB91
    |--A. punctipennis Lucas 1847 E12
    |--A. ruficollis Lucas 1847 E12
    |--‘Haltica’ sajanica Csiki 1901 C01
    |--‘Haltica’ sibirica Csiki 1901 C01
    |--‘Haltica’ tamaricis C01
    |--A. viridicyanea Baly 1874 N13
    `--‘Haltica’ weisei [incl. H. laeviuscula] C01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'océan Pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[J89] Jacoby, M. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XVII.—List of the phytophagous Coleoptera obtained by Signor L. Fea at Burmah and Tenasserim, with descriptions of the new species. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 147–237.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[N13] Nadein, K. S. 2013. Febraina: a new subtribe of Alticini with cladistic analysis based on morphology (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Systematic Entomology 38 (3): 491–506.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

Chrysomelini

Trachymela tincticollis, copyright Tony Robelo.

Belongs within: Chrysomelidae.
Contains: Chrysomela, Paropsis.

The Chrysomelini are a cosmopolitan group of leaf beetles including the majority of species in the subfamily Chrysomelinae, characterised by genitalia with a V-shaped tegmen. Subgroups of the Chrysomelini include the primarily Australasian Paropsina which generally have toothed claws and the epipleura completely obscured in lateral view by the edge of the elytral dorsal surface.

<==Chrysomelini LB91
    `--Paropsina LB91
         |--Paropsisterna beata LB91
         |--Chrysophtharta bimaculata LB91
         |--Trachymela tincticollis LB91
         |--Pyrgoides LB91
         `--Paropsis LB91

Chrysomelini incertae sedis:
  Chrysomela O09
  Carystea LB91
  Calomela LB91
  Stethomela LB91
  Chalcolampra guttata LB91, J89
  Phyllocharis LB91
    |--P. aeneipennis Dejean in Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--P. duodevigintiguttata Dejean in Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--P. klugii MacLeay in Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--P. sinuata [incl. P. callizona, Crioceris cyanipes] B35
    `--P. undulata Linn. 1763 B90
  Lamprolina LB91
  Novacastria nothofagi LB91
  Chrysolina LB91
    |--C. geminata B70
    |--C. hyperici LB91
    |--C. (Taeniosticha) petitpierrei Kippenberg 2004 F05
    |--C. picturata WFS04
    |--C. quadrigemina LB91
    `--C. staphylea RD77

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B90] Baly, J.-S. 1890. Contributions a la faune Indo-Chinoise. 6^e mémoire. Sagridae, Crioceridae, Chrysomelidae, Hispidae. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6^e série 9: 485–492.

[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'océan Pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.

[B70] Britton, E. B. 1970. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 495–621. Melbourne University Press.

[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.

[J89] Jacoby, M. 1889. List of the phytophagous Coleoptera collected by Signor Modigliani at Nias and Sumatra, with descriptions of the new species. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 278–287.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[O09] OConnor, B. M. 2009. Cohort Astigmatina. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 565–657. Texas Tech University Press.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[WFS04] Winks, C. J., S. V. Fowler & L. A. Smith. 2004. Invertebrate fauna of boneseed, Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera (L.) T. Norl. (Asteraceae: Calenduleae), an invasive weed in New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist 27: 61–72.

Last updated: 9 April 2022.

Aulacophora

Black cucurbit beetle Aulacophora frontalis, from Natureloveyou.sg.

Belongs within: Galerucinae.

Aulacophora is a palaeotropical genus of leaf beetles bearing a broad transverse depression across the rear of the pronotum, elytra that are explanate in the posterior two-thirds, and bifid claws.

Aulacophora LB91
    |--A. abdominalis LB91 [=Crioceris abdominalis G89]
    |--A. atripennis J89a
    |--A. flavomarginata J89b
    |--A. foveicollis J89a
    |--A. frontalis J89b
    |--A. hilaris LB91
    |--A. luteicornis J89b
    |--A. palliata J89a
    |--A. rosea [incl. A. albicornis] J89a
    `--A. similis J89b

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[G89] Gestro, R. 1889. Viaggio ab Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso «Esploratore» dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880.—IV. Coleotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 5–72.

[J89a] Jacoby, M. 1889a. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XVII.—List of the phytophagous Coleoptera obtained by Signor L. Fea at Burmah and Tenasserim, with descriptions of the new species. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 147–237.

[J89b] Jacoby, M. 1889b. List of the phytophagous Coleoptera collected by Signor Modigliani at Nias and Sumatra, with descriptions of the new species. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 278–287.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).