Glandulinidae

Specimen of Oolina, from Foraminifera.eu.

Belongs within: Lagenida.

The Glandulinidae are a group of forams known from from the Jurassic to the present, characterised by the presence of a simple internal tube behind the terminal aperture (Loeblich & Tappan 1964b).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964b): Test unilocular or with chambers in biserial, uniserial or polymorphine arrangement; aperture terminal, radial or slitlike, with simple, straight or curved internal (entosolenian) tube.

<==Glandulinidae
    |--Seabrookia Brady 1890 C40 [incl. Cerviciferina Goddard & Jensen 1907 C40; Seabrookiinae LT64a]
    |    |--*S. pellucida Brady 1890 C40
    |    `--‘*Cerviciferina’ hilli Goddard & Jensen 1907 LT64b
    |--Oolininae S-VC91
    |    |--Fissurina Reuss 1850 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
    |    |    |--*F. laevigata Reuss 1850 [=*Ellipsofissurina laevigata, *Hyaleina laevigata] LT64b
    |    |    |--‘Lagena’ acutissima Fornasini 1890 [=*Ellipsolagena acutissima] LT64b
    |    |    |--‘Ellipsolagena’ apiculata C40
    |    |    |--F. bradyformata S05
    |    |    |--F. lucida (Williamson 1848) [=Entosolenia marginata var. lucida] H03
    |    |    |--F. marginata (Montagu 1808) [=Vermiculum marginatum] H03
    |    |    |--‘*Trigonulina’ oblonga Seguenza 1862 LT64b
    |    |    `--F. orbignyana Seguenza 1862 S-VC91
    |    `--Oolina d’Orbigny 1839 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
    |         |--*O. laevigata d’Orbigny 1839 LT64b
    |         |--O. acuticosta (Seguenza 1862) [=*Obliquina acuticosta] LT64b
    |         |--O. apiculata Reuss 1851 [=Lagena (*Reussoolina) apiculata] LT64b
    |         |--‘Vermiculum’ globosum Montagu 1803 LT64b [=*Entolagena globosa LT64b, Entosolenia globosa]
    |         |--O. lineata (Williamson 1848) [=*Entosolenia apiculata] LT64b
    |         |--O. marginata LT64a
    |         |--‘Entosolenia’ orbignyana C40
    |         |--‘*Cenchridium’ sphaerula Ehrenberg 1845 LT64b
    |         |--‘Entosolenia’ staphyllearia C40
    |         |--O. striatopunctata LT64b
    |         `--‘*Lagenulina’ sulcata Terquem 1876 LT64b
    `--Glandulininae LT64b
         |--Dainita Loeblich & Tappan 1964 [=Mariella Dain in Bykova et al. 1958 non Nowak 1916] LT64b
         |    `--*D. sibirica (Dain in Bykova et al. 1958) [=*Mariella sibirica] LT64b
         |--Entolingulina Loeblich & Tappan 1961 LT64b
         |    `--*E. aselliformis (Buchner 1942) [=Lingulina aselliformis] LT64b
         |--Esosyrinx Loeblich & Tappan 1953 LT64b
         |    `--*E. curta (Cushman & Ozawa 1930) [=Pseudopolymorphina curta] LT64b
         |--Globulotuba Collins 1958 LT64b
         |    `--*G. entosoleniformis Collins 1958 LT64b
         |--Laryngosigma Loeblich & Tappan 1953 LT64b
         |    `--*L. hyalascidia Loeblich & Tappan 1953 LT64b
         |--Oolitella Makiyama & Nakagawa 1941 LT64b
         |    `--*O. irregularis Makiyama & Nakgawa 1941 LT64b
         |--Siphonoglobulina Parr 1950 LT64b
         |    `--*S. siphonifera Parr 1950 LT64b
         |--Tristix Macfadyen 1941 [incl. Quadratina Ten Dam 1946, Tricarinella Ten Dam & Schijfsma 1945] LT64b
         |    |--*T. liasina (Berthelin 1879) [=Rhabdogonium liasinum] LT64b
         |    |--‘*Quadratina’ depressula Ten Dam 1946 LT64b
         |    |--‘Rhabdogonium’ excavatum Reuss 1863 [=*Tricarinella excavata] LT64b
         |    `--T. reesidei LT64b
         `--Glandulina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
              |--*G. laevigata (d’Orbigny 1826) [=Nodosaria (Glanduline) laevigata, *Atractolina laevigata] LT64b
              |--G. antarctica PHT13
              |--G. aperta B49
              |--G. deformis Costa 1853 [=Dimorphina deformis, Ellipsopolymorphina deformis] LT64b
              |--‘*Psecadium’ ellipticum Neugeboren 1856 LT64b
              |--‘*Encorycium’ nodosaria Ehrenberg 1858 LT64b
              `--G. symmetrica JW99

Glandulinidae incertae sedis:
  ‘Lingulina’ armata Sidebottom 1907 LT61
  ‘Lingulina bicarinata f.’ nasuta Buchner 1942] LT61
  ‘Lingulina carinata var.’ biloculi Wright 1911 LT61
  ‘Lingulina’ cornigera Buchner 1942 LT61
  ‘Lingulina’ cucullifera Buchner 1942 LT61
  ‘Lingulina’ falcata Heron-Allen & Earland 1932 LT61
  ‘Lingulina’ herdmanni Chaster 1892 LT61
  ‘Lingulina’ inarimensis Buchner 1942 LT61
  ‘Lingulina’ lagenoides Buchner 1942 LT61
  ‘Lingulina’ translucida Heron-Allen & Earland 1932 LT61
  ‘Lingulina’ tubulata Buchner 1942 LT61

Fissurina Reuss 1850 [=Ellipsofissurina Silvestri 1923, Hyaleina Costa 1856; incl. Ellipsolagena Silvestri 1923, Trigonulina Seguenza 1862 non d’Orbigny 1846] LT64b

Glandulina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 [=Atractolina von Schlicht 1870; incl. Encorycium Ehrenberg 1858, Psecadium Neugeboren 1856] LT64b

Oolina d’Orbigny 1839 [=Ovulina Ehrenberg 1845; incl. Cenchridium Ehrenberg 1845, Entolagena Silvestri 1900, Entosalenia Parker & Jones 1857, Entosolenia Williamson 1848, Lagenulina Terquem 1876, Obliquina Seguenza 1862, Reussoolina Colom 1956] LT64b

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B49] Battey, M. H. 1949. The geology of the Tuakau-Mercer area, Auckland. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 429–455.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.

[JW99] Jian, Z.-M., L.-J. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H.-L. Lin & P.-X. Wang. 1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology 156: 159–186.

[LT61] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1961. Remarks on the systematics of the Sarkodina (Protozoa), renamed homonyms and new and validated genera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 213–234.

[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[PHT13] Pawlowski, J., M. Holzmann & J. Tyszka. 2013. New supraordinal classification of Foraminifera: molecules meet morphology. Marine Micropalaeontology 100: 1–10.

[S-VC91] Segura-Vernis, L. R., & A. L. Carreño. 1991. Foraminíferos y ostrácodos de la Laguna de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. Inv. Mar. CICIMAR 6 (1): 195–224.

[S05] Semeniuk, T. A. 2005. Fossil foraminiferal assemblages from Pleistocene seagrass-bank deposits of the southern Perth Basin, Western Australia, and their palaeotemperature implications. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 177–190.

Polymorphinidae

Opposite sides and top view of Sigmomorphina spatula, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964b).

Belongs within: Lagenida.

The Polymorphinidae are a group of multichambered forams known from the Triassic to the present (Loeblich & Tappan 1964b).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964b): Test multilocular, chambers in spiral or sigmoidal coil about longitudinal axis of growth, or biserial or uniserial, typically somewhat overlapping; aberrant forms may be irregular and attached; apertures all develop in same direction, terminal, radiate.

<==Polymorphinidae
    |--Ramulininae LT64b
    |    |--Ramulinella Paalzow 1932 LT64b
    |    |    `--*R. suevica Paalzow 1932 LT64b
    |    |--Sporadogenerina Cushman 1927 LT64b
    |    |    `--S. proteiformis (Flint 1899) [=Ramulina proteiformis; incl. *S. flintii Cushman 1927] LT64b
    |    |--Washitella Tappan 1943 LT64b
    |    |    `--*W. typica Tappan 1943 LT64b
    |    `--Ramulina Jones in Wright 1875 C40
    |         |--*R. laevis Jones in Wright 1875 C04
    |         |--R. aculeata [=Dentalina aculeata] LT64b
    |         `--R. globulifera C40
    |--Webbinellinae LT64a
    |    |--Webbinella Rhumbler 1904 [=Arwebbinum Rhumbler 1913] LT64b
    |    |    `--*W. hemisphaerica (Jones, Parker & Brady 1865) [=Trochammina (Webbina) irregularis hemisphaerica] LT64b
    |    |--Histopomphus Loeblich & Tappan 1949 LT64b
    |    |    `--*H. redriverensis (Tappan 1943) [=Globulina redriverensis] LT64b
    |    |--Vitriwebbina Chapman 1892 LT64b
    |    |    `--*V. sollasi Chapman 1892 LT64b
    |    `--Bullopora Quenstedt 1856 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
    |         |--*B. rostrata Quenstedt 1856 C40
    |         |--B. breoni (Terquem & Piette in Terquem 1862) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
    |         |--B. irregularis (d’Orbigny 1850) [=Webbina irregularis, *Arperneroum irregulare] LT64b
    |         `--B. laevis C40
    `--Polymorphininae C40
         |  i. s.: Enantiomorphina Marie 1941 LT64b
         |           `--*E. lemoinei Marie 1941 LT64b
         |         Falsoguttulina Bartenstein & Brand 1949 LT64b
         |           `--*F. wolburgi Bartenstein & Brand 1949 LT64b
         |         Globulina d’Orbigny in De la Sagra 1839 [incl. Aulostomella Alth 1850] LT64b
         |           |--*G. gibba (d’Orbigny 1826) [=Polymorphina (Globuline) gibba, Guttulina (*Globulina) gibba] LT64b
         |           |--G. arenacea Brotzen 1948 LT64a
         |           |--G. inaequalis C40
         |           `--‘*Aulostomella’ pediculus Alth 1850 LT64b
         |         Paradentalina Uchio 1960 LT64b
         |           `--*P. muraii (Uchio 1953) [=Enantiodentalina muraii] LT64b
         |         Pyrulina d’Orbigny in De la Sagra 1839 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |           |--*P. gutta (d’Orbigny 1826) [=Polymorphina (Pyruline) gutta] LT64b
         |           |--P. cylindroides C40
         |           |--P. fusiformis C40
         |           `--‘Polymorphina’ lanceolata Reuss 1851 [=*Pyrulinella lanceolata] LT64b
         |         Pyrulinoides Marie 1941 LT64b
         |           `--*P. acuminata (d’Orbigny 1840) [=Pyrulina acuminata] LT64b
         |         Sagoplecta Tappan 1951 LT64b
         |           `--*S. goniata Tappan 1951 LT64b
         |         Tobolia Dain in Bykova et al. 1958 LT64b
         |           `--*T. veronikae Dain in Bykova et al. 1958 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |--Glandulopleurostomella Silvestri 1903 G-B87 [incl. Paleopolymorphina Cushman & Ozawa 1930 C40]
         |    |--*G. subcylindrica (Hantken 1875) [=Polymorphina subcylindrica] LT64b
         |    |--G. pleurostomelloides (Franke 1928) G-B87 (see below for synonymy)
         |    `--‘Paleopolymorphina’ rara Vassilenko 1961 G-B87
         |--Eoguttulina Cushman & Ozawa 1930 C40
         |    |--*E. anglica Cushman & Ozawa 1930 C40
         |    `--E. polygona C40
         |--Spirofrondicularia Schubert 1902 LT64b [incl. Quadrulina Cushman & Ozawa 1930 C40, LT64b]
         |    |--*S. frondicularioides (Chapman 1894) [=Polymorphina frondicularioides] LT64b
         |    |--‘Quadrulina’ lagenalis C40
         |    `--‘Polymorphina’ rhabdogonoides Chapman 1894 [=*Quadrulina rhabdogonoides] LT64b
         `--+--Pseudopolymorphina Cushman & Ozawa 1928 C40
            |    |--*P. hanzawai Cushman & Ozawa 1928 C04
            |    |--P. atlantica LT64a
            |    |--P. jonesi C40
            |    |--P. rutila C40
            |    `--P. tasmanica Parr & Collins 1937 Q72
            |--Guttulina d’Orbigny in De la Sagra 1839 C40 [incl. Sigmomorpha Cushman & Ozawa 1928 LT64b]
            |    |--*G. communis (d’Orbigny 1826) [=Polymorphina (Guttuline) communis] LT64b
            |    |--G. cuspidata M08
            |    |--G. lactea M62
            |    |--G. problema C40
            |    |--G. pulchella C40
            |    |--G. sadoensis (Cushman & Ozawa 1928) [=*Sigmomorpha sadoensis] LT64b
            |    `--G. trigonula M08
            `--+--Sigmomorphina Cushman & Ozawa 1928 C40 (see below for synonymy)
               |    |--*S. yokoyamai (Cushman & Ozawa 1928) [=Sigmomorpha (*Sigmomorphina) yokoyamai] LT64b
               |    |--S. frondiculariformis C40
               |    |--S. parisiensis Rouvillois 1960 [=S. (*Sigmomorphinoides) parisiensis] LT64b
               |    |--S. pseudoregularis C40
               |    |--S. semitecta [incl. S. semitecta var. terquemiana] C40
               |    |--S. spatula (Lalicker 1950) [=*Ellisina spatula, *Pealerina spatula] LT64b
               |    |--S. williamsoni M62
               |    `--S. wynyardensis Parr & Collins 1937 Q72
               `--+--Sigmoidella Cushman & Ozawa 1928 C04 [incl. Sigmoidina Cushman & Ozawa 1928 LT64b]
                  |    |--*S. kagaensis Cushman & Ozawa 1928 C04
                  |    |--S. elegantissima C40
                  |    `--S. pacifica Cushman & Ozawa 1928 [=S. (*Sigmoidina) pacifica] LT64b
                  `--Polymorphina d’Orbigny 1826 C40 (see below for synonymy)
                       |--*P. burdigalensis d’Orbigny 1826 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
                       |--P. charlottensis C40
                       `--P. complanata C40

Polymorphinidae incertae sedis:
  Misilus de Montfort 1808 C40, LT64b
    `--*M. aquatifer de Montfort 1808 LT64b
  Apiopterina Zborzewski 1834 (n. d.) LT64b
    `--*A. orbignyi Zborzewski 1834 LT64b
  Raphanulina Zborzewski 1834 (n. d.) LT64b
    `--*R. humboldtii Zborzewski 1834 LT64b
  ‘Diplostoma’ Ebensberger 196 nec Rafinesque 1817 nec de Fromentel 1860 (n. d.) LT64b
    `--*D. siamesia Ebensberger 1962 (n. d.) LT64b
  Arethusa de Montfort 1808 (n. d.) LT64b
    `--*A. corymbosa de Montfort 1808 LT64b

Nomina nuda: Polymorphina labiata [=Ellipsopleurostomella labiata] LT64b
             Polymorphina nodosa Battey 1949 B49

Bullopora Quenstedt 1856 [incl. Arperneroum Rhumbler 1913, Arplacopsum Rhumbler 1913, Placopsum Rhumbler 1913] LT64b

Bullopora breoni (Terquem & Piette in Terquem 1862) [=Webbina breoni, *Arplacopsum breoni, *Placopsum breoni] LT64b

Glandulopleurostomella pleurostomelloides (Franke 1928) G-B87 [=Polymorphina pleurostomelloides G-B87, *Paleopolymorphina pleurostomelloides C40]

Polymorphina d’Orbigny 1826 C40 [=Glandulopolymorphina Silvestri 1901 LT64b, Rostrolina von Schlicht 1870 LT64b]

*Polymorphina burdigalensis d’Orbigny 1826 [=*Glandulopolymorphina burdigalensis, *Rostrolina burdigalensis] LT64b

Pyrulina d’Orbigny in De la Sagra 1839 [=Pirulina Bronn & Roemer 1853; incl. Pyrulinella Cushman & Ozawa 1928] LT64b

Sigmomorphina Cushman & Ozawa 1928 C40 [incl. Ellisina Lalicker 1950 non Norman 1903 LT64b, Pealerina Lalicker in Thalmann 1950 LT64b, Sigmomorphinoides Rouvillois 1960 LT64b]

*Tobolia veronikae Dain in Bykova et al. 1958 [=T. veronica Bykova, Dain & Fursenko in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959] LT64b

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B49] Battey, M. H. 1949. The geology of the Tuakau-Mercer area, Auckland. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 429–455.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[G-B87] Gawor-Biedowa, E. 1987. New benthic foraminifers from the Late Cretaceous of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 32 (1–2): 49–72.

[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[M08] McMillan, I. K. 2008. Reappraisal of foraminiferal assemblages of the Santonia-Campanian Mzamba Formation type section, and their correlation with the stratigraphic succession of the KwaZulu Basin. African Natural History 4: 25–34.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[Q72] Quilty, P. G. 1972. The biostratigraphy of the Tasmanian marine Tertiary. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 106: 25–44.

Fusulinida

Various views and section of Globivalvulina bulloides, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964).

Belongs within: Foraminifera.
Contains: Quasiendothyridae, Parathuramminidae, Earlandiidae, Palaeotextulariidae, Tetrataxidae, Tournayellidae, Loeblichiidae, Lasiodiscidae, Archaediscidae, Endothyrinae, Haplophragmellinae, Endothyranopsinae.

The Fusulinida are a group of Foraminifera known from the Ordovician to the Triassic, characterised by a wall ancestrally composed of microgranular calcite, becoming differentiated into two or more layers in some derived subgroups (Loeblich & Tappan 1964). Early species were often simple with tests divided into few chambers or undivided, but some later lineages became complex and multi-chambered.

<==Fusulinida [Cribrospiracea, Endothyrida, Fusulinina, Palaeohellenoidea]
    |  i. s.: Paraskinnerella CL02
    |         Pamirina darvasica ZL04
    |         Chalaroschwagerina Skinner & Wilde 1965 RLS04
    |           `--C. vulgaris ZL04
    |         Thailandina hongnusonthinae Toriyama & Kanmera 1968 ZL04
    |         Rugosochusenella tenuis (Toriyama 1975) ZL04
    |         Armenia karinae (Kochansky-Devidé & Ramovs 1955) ZL04
    |         Pseudoreichelinia ZL04
    |         Quasiendothyridae CV01
    |--Robuloidacea K04
    |    |--Partisania Sosnina 1978 [Partisaniidae] K04
    |    |    `--*P. typica K04
    |    `--Robuloides Reichel 1946 W76 [incl. Pararobuloides Miklukho-Maklay 1954 LT64]
    |         |--*R. lens Reichel 1945 LT64
    |         |--R. acutus Reichel 1946 W76
    |         `--R. orientalis (Miklukho-Maklay 1954) [=*Pararobuloides orientalis] LT64
    |--Parathuramminacea [Parathuramminidea] LT64
    |    |--Parathuramminidae LT64
    |    |--Earlandiidae LT64
    |    `--Caligellidae LT64
    |         |--Shuguria Antropov 1950 LT64
    |         |    `--*S. flabelliformis Antropov 1950 LT64
    |         `--Caligella Antropov 1950 (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |              |--*C. borovkensis Antropov 1950 LT64
    |              |--C. antropovi (Lipina 1955) [=*Paracaligella antropovi] LT64
    |              |--C. chernyshinensis (Lipina 1955) [=*Baituganella chernyshinensis] LT64
    |              `--C. transversa (Bykova 1952) [=*Evlania transversa] LT64
    |--Palaeotextulariacea K04
    |    |--Palaeotextulariidae LT64
    |    `--Biseriamminidae [Globivalvulinae, Globivalvulininae] K04
    |         |--Biseriella C02
    |         |--Paradagmarita Lys in Lys & Marcoux 1978 K04
    |         |    `--P. flabelliformis K04
    |         |--Biseriammina Chernysheva 1941 LT64
    |         |    `--*B. uralica Chernysheva 1941 LT64
    |         `--Globivalvulina Schubert 1921 LT64
    |              |--*G. bulloides (Brady 1876) [=Valvulina bulloides] LT64
    |              |--G. biserialis C40
    |              |--G. parva R79
    |              `--G. vonderschmitti K04
    `--Endothyracea [Endothyridea, Tournayellidea] LT64
         |--Tetrataxidae LT64
         |--Tournayellidae LT64
         |--Loeblichiidae LT64
         |--Lasiodiscidae LT64
         |--Archaediscidae LT64
         |--Septabrunsiinidae CV01
         |    |--Septabrunsiina Lipina 1955 LT64
         |    |    `--*S. krainica (Lipina 1948) [=Endothyra krainica] LT64
         |    `--Tournayellina Lipina 1955 E03, LT64
         |         `--*T. vulgaris Lipina 1955 [=Septabrunsiina vulgaris] LT64
         |--Semitextulariidae [Pseudopalmulidae] LT64
         |    |--Semitextularia Miller & Carmer 1933 LT64
         |    |    `--*S. thomasi Miller & Carmer 1933 LT64
         |    |--Paratextularia Pokorný 1951 [=Cremsia Bykova 1952] LT64
         |    |    `--*P. proboscidea (Cushman & Stainbrook 1943) [=Textularia proboscidea, *Cremsia proboscidea] LT64
         |    `--Pseudopalmula Cushman & Stainbrook 1943 LT64
         |         `--*P. palmuloides Cushman & Stainbrook 1943 LT64
         `--+--Mediendothyra CV01
            |--Priscella CV01
            |--Endostaffellidae CV01
            |    |--Zellerinella CV01
            |    |--Endostaffella Rozovskaya 1961 LT64
            |    |    `--*E. parva (Möller 1879) [=Endothyra parva] LT64
            |    `--Mediocris Rozovskaya 1961 CV01, LT64
            |         `--*M. mediocris (Vissarionova 1948) [=Eostaffella mediocris] LT64
            `--Endothyridae [Bradyinidae, Cribrospiridae, Endothyrina, Plectogyridae] LT64
                 |  i. s.: Tuberendothyra R79
                 |         Latiendothyra M98
                 |--Endothyrinae CV01
                 |--Haplophragmellinae LT64
                 |--Endothyranopsinae LT64
                 `--Bradyininae LT64
                      |--Bradyina von Möller 1878 LT64
                      |    `--B. rotula (Eichwald 1860) (see below for synonymy) LT64
                      |--Glyphostomella Cushman & Waters 1928 [incl. Pseudobradyina Reytlinger 1950] LT64
                      |    |--G. holdenvillensis (Harlton 1927) (see below for synonymy) LT64
                      |    `--G. pulchra (Reytlinger 1950) [=*Pseudobradyina pulchra] LT64
                      `--Janischewskina Mikhaylov 1935 (see below for synonymy) LT64
                           |--*J. typica Mikhaylov 1935 LT64
                           `--‘*Samarina’ operculata Rauzer-Chernousova & Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova, Belyaev & Reytlinger 1940 LT64

Bradyina rotula (Eichwald 1860) [=Nonionina rotula; incl. *B. nautiliformis von Möller 1878] LT64

Caligella Antropov 1950 [incl. Baituganella Lipina 1955, Evlania Bykova 1952, Paracaligella Lipina 1955] LT64

Glyphostomella holdenvillensis (Harlton 1927) [=Bradyina holdenvillensis; incl. Ammochilostoma triloculina Cushman & Waters 1927, *Glyphostomella triloculina] LT64

Janischewskina Mikhaylov 1935 [=Yanischewskina (l. c.); incl. Samarina Rauzer-Chernousova & Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova, Belyaev & Reytlinger 1940] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CL02] Caridroit, M., A. Lamerandt, J.-M. Dégardin, A. F. de Dios & D. Vachard. 2002. Discovery of radiolaria and conodonts in the Carboniferous–Permian of San Salvador (Puebla, Mexico); biostratigraphic implications. Comptes Rendus Palevol 1: 205–211.

[C02] Cózar, P. 2002. Taxonomic value of the diaphanotheca/luminotheca in the classification of Lower Carboniferous endothyroid Foraminiferida; creation of two new species of Pojarkovella. Geobios 35: 283–291.

[CV01] Cózar, P., & D. Vachard. 2001. Dainellinae subfam. nov. (Foraminiferida du Carbomifère inférieur), révision et nouveaux taxons. Geobios 34 (5): 505–526.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[E03] Edgell, H. S. 2003. Upper Devonian Charophyta of Western Australia. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 359–374.

[K04] Kobayashi, F. 2004. Late Permian foraminifers from the Limestone Block in the Southern Chichibu Terrane of west Shikoku, SW Japan. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 62–70.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[M98] Mamet, B. 1998. A Late Devonian microfossil with dasyclad algae affinities from northwestern Australia. Alcheringa 22 (1): 21–28.

[RLS04] Rigby, J. K., G. A. Linder & C. H. Stevens. 2004. A new occurrence of the “hydrozoan” Radiotrabeculopora reticulata Fan, Rigby, and Zhang, 1991 in the Permian of California. Journal of Paleontology 78 (2): 410–413.

[R79] Ross, C. A. 1979. Carboniferous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A254–A290. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[W76] Wang K. 1976. The foraminifera from the Changhsing Formation in western Guizhou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 15 (2): 187–195.

[ZL04] Zhou, Z., & M. Liengjarern. 2004. Lower Permian perrinitid ammonoid faunas from Thailand. Journal of Paleontology 78: 317–339.

Parathuramminidae

Section of Irregularina karlensis, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964).

Belongs within: Fusulinida.

The Parathuramminidae are a group of globular Foraminifera known from the Devonian to the Lower Carboniferous, often with distinctive tubular projections.

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964a): Globular chamber or cluster of chambers; aperture absent or multiple, at ends of tubular projections.

<==Parathuramminidae [Archaesphaeridae]
    |--Petchorina Reytlinger in Varsanofeva & Reytlinger 1962 LT64b
    |    `--*P. schezhimovensis Reytlinger in Varsanofeva & Reytlinger 1962 LT64b
    |--Bisphaera Birina 1948 LT64a
    |    `--*B. malevkensis Birina 1948 LT64a
    |--Cribrosphaeroides Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 (see below for synonymy) LT64a
    |    `--*C. simplex (Reytlinger 1954) [=*Cribrosphaera simplex] LT64a
    |--Quasituberitina Poyarkov in Purkin, Poyarkov & Rozhanets 1961 LT64a
    |    `--*Q. magna Poyarkov in Purkin, Poyarkov & Rozhanets 1961 LT64a
    |--Rauserina Antropov 1950 LT64a
    |    `--*R. notata Antropov 1950 LT64a
    |--Uralinella Bykova 1952 LT64a
    |    |--*U. bicamerata Bykova 1952 LT64a
    |    `--U. ostaschlovichensis Manukalova-Grebeniuk 1974 M98
    |--Palachemonella Beckmann 1953 LT64a
    |    `--*P. torleyi Beckmann 1953 LT64a
    |--Uslonia Antropov 1959 LT64a
    |    `--*U. permira Antropov 1959 LT64a
    |--Parathurammina Suleymanov 1945 [incl. Salpingothurammina Poyarkov in Purkin, Poyarkov & Rozhanets 1961] LT64a
    |    |--*P. dagmarae Suleymanov 1945 LT64a
    |    |--P. gekkeri E03
    |    `--P. tuberculata Lipina 1950 [=Thurammina (*Salpingothurammina) tuberculata] LT64a
    |--Archaesphaera Suleymanov 1945 [incl. Vicinesphaera Antropov 1950] LT64a
    |    |--*A. minima Suleymanov 1945 LT64a
    |    |--A. magna ZP86
    |    `--A. squalida (Antropov 1950) [=*Vicinesphaera squalida] LT64a
    `--Irregularina Bykova in Bykova & Polenova 1955 (see below for synonymy) LT64a
         |--*I. karlensis Vissarionova 1950 LT64a
         |--I. cardiformis LT64a
         |--I. mopha [=I. morpha] LT64a
         `--I. nodosa (Antropov 1950) [=*Corbis nodosus, *Corbiella nodosa] LT64a

Cribrosphaeroides Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 [=Cribrosphaera Reytlinger 1954 non Popofsky 1906, Cribrosphaerella Pronina 1960, Cribsophaeroides (l. c.)] LT64a

Irregularina Bykova in Bykova & Polenova 1955 [incl. Corbiella Antropov in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959, Corbis Antropov 1950 non Cuvier 1817] LT64a

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[E03] Edgell, H. S. 2003. Upper Devonian Charophyta of Western Australia. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 359–374.

[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[M98] Mamet, B. 1998. A Late Devonian microfossil with dasyclad algae affinities from northwestern Australia. Alcheringa 22 (1): 21–28.

[ZP86] Zhang, R., & J. Pojeta Jr. 1986. New bivalves from the Datang Stage, Lower Carboniferous, Guangdong Province, China. Journal of Paleontology 60 (3): 669–679.

Quasiendothyridae

Equatorial (left) and axial sections of Quasiendothyra kobeitusana, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964).

Belongs within: Fusulinida.

The Quasiendothyridae are a lineage of fusulinid Foraminifera with multiple chambers and true chomata known from the late Devonian, superficially similar but probably not directly related to the later Loeblichiidae (Cózar & Vachard 2001).

<==Quasiendothyridae [Quasiendothyrinae] LT64
    |--Glomospiranella Lipina in Dain & Grozdilova 1953 CV01, LT64
    |    `--*G. asiatica Lipina in Dain & Grozdilova 1953 [=Brunsiina asiatica] LT64
    `--+--Septaglomospiranella Lipina 1955 CV01, LT64
       |    `--*S. primaeva (Rauzer-Chernousova 1948) [=Endothyra primaeva, Septabrunsiina primaeva] LT64
       `--+--Baelenia CV01
          `--+--Eoquasiendothyra CV01
             `--+--Eoendothyra Miklukho-Maklay 1960 CV01, LT64
                |    `--*E. communis (Rauzer-Chernousova 1948) [=Endothyra communis, Quasiendothyra communis] LT64
                `--Quasiendothyra Rauzer-Chernousova 1948 CV01, LT64 (see below for synonymy)
                     |--*Q. kobeitusana (Rauzer-Chernousova 1948) [=Endothyra kobeitusana] LT64
                     `--Q. aljutovica (Reytlinger 1950) [=Endothyra aljutovica, *Planoendothyra aljutovica] LT64

Quasiendothyra Rauzer-Chernousova 1948 CV01, LT64 [incl. Cribroendothyra Lebedeva 1956 (n. n.) LT64, Planoendothyra Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko 1959 LT64]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CV01] Cózar, P., & D. Vachard. 2001. Dainellinae subfam. nov. (Foraminiferida du Carbomifère inférieur), révision et nouveaux taxons. Geobios 34 (5): 505–526.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

Palaeotextulariidae

Longitudinal axial section (left) and external view of Climacammina textulariforme, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964).

Belongs within: Fusulinida.

The Palaeotextulariidae are a group of primarily biserial Foraminifera known from the Carboniferous and Permian. In some genera (Palaeotextularia and Deckerellina) the test remained biserial throughout, but in others (Climacammina, Cribrogenerina and Palaeobigenerina) it became uniserial in later stages of development (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test biserial or may become uniserial; wall granular calcareous, with inner layer and thin adventitious coating; aperture simple or multiple.

<==Palaeotextulariidae [Cribrostomatidae, Palaeotextulariinae] LT64
    |--Deckerellina Reytlinger 1950 LT64
    |    `--*D. istiensis Reytlinger 1950 LT64
    |--Palaeobigenerina Galloway 1933 LT64
    |    `--*P. geyeri (Schellwien 1898) [=Bigenerina geyeri] LT64
    |--Cribrogenerina Schubert 1908 LT64
    |    |--*C. sumatrana (Volz 1904) [=Bigenerina sumatrana, B. sumatrensis Volz 1904] LT64
    |    |--C. leonhardi [=Bigenerina leonhardi] LT64
    |    `--C. wysogorskyi [=Bigenerina wysogorskyi] LT64
    |--Palaeotextularia Schubert 1921 LT64
    |    |--*P. schellwieni Galloway & Rynicker 1930 (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |    |--P. consobrina R79
    |    |--P. grahamensis LT64
    |    `--P. longiseptata CM01
    `--Climacammina Brady in Etheridge 1873 (see below for synonymy) LT64
         |--*C. antiqua (Brady in Young & Armstrong 1871) [=Textularia antiqua] LT64
         |--‘Cribrostomum’ bradyi C40
         |--C. clavata (Cushman & Waters 1928) [=*Deckerella clavata] LT64
         |--C. cylindrica C40
         |--‘Cribrostomum’ gracile Möller 1879 [=*Moellerina gracilis] LT64
         |--C. krizi [=Cribrogenerina krizi] LT64
         |--C. patula R79
         |--C. prisca R79
         |--‘Cribrostomum’ speciosus ZP86
         `--C. textulariforme (Möller 1879) [=*Cribrostomum textulariforme] LT64

Climacammina Brady in Etheridge 1873 [=Climaccamina Scudder 1882; incl. Cribrostomum Möller 1879, Deckerella Cushman & Waters 1928, Moellerina Eimer & Fickert 1899 nec Ulrich 1886 nec Schellwien 1898] LT64

*Palaeotextularia schellwieni Galloway & Rynicker 1930 [incl. Textularia texulariformis Schellwein 1898 non Cribrostomum textulariforme Möller 1879] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CM01] Cózar, P., & B. L. Mamet. 2001. Planohowchinia (Lasiodiscidae, Foraminiferida), a new Late Viséan genus, southwestern Spain. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 31 (3): 228–232.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[R79] Ross, C. A. 1979. Carboniferous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A254–A290. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[ZP86] Zhang, R., & J. Pojeta Jr. 1986. New bivalves from the Datang Stage, Lower Carboniferous, Guangdong Province, China. Journal of Paleontology 60 (3): 669–679.

Earlandiidae

Subaxial section of Earlandia elegans, from here.

Belongs within: Fusulinida.

The Earlandiidae are a group of Foraminifera known from the Ordovician to the Carboniferous, with a free test that is tubular or uniserial (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

<==Earlandiidae [Earlandiinae]
    |--Earlandinita Cummings 1955 LT64
    |    `--*E. perelegans (Plummer 1930) [=Nodosinella perelegans] LT64
    |--Lugtonia Cummings 1955 LT64
    |    `--*L. concinna (Brady 1876) [=Nodosinella concinna] LT64
    |--Pseudoglomospira Bykova in Bykova & Polenova 1955 LT64
    |    `--*P. devonica Bykova in Bykova & Polenova 1955 LT64
    |--Saccamminopsis Sollas 1921 [incl. Carteria Brady in Moore 1870 nec Diesing 1866 nec Gray 1867] LT64
    |    `--S. fusulinaformis (M’Coy 1849) (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |--Paratikhinella Reytlinger 1954 [incl. Earlandinella Cummings 1955] LT64
    |    |--*P. cannula (Bykova 1952) [=Tikhinella cannula] LT64
    |    `--P. cylindrica (Brady 1876) [=Nodosinella cylindrica, *Earlandinella cylindrica] LT64
    `--Earlandia Plummer 1930 LT64
         |--*E. perparva Plummer 1930 LT64
         |--E. elegans (Rauser-Chernousova & Reitlinger in Rauser-Chernousova & Fursenko 1937) GAR03
         `--E. moderata CM01

Saccamminopsis fusulinaeformis (M’Coy 1849) [=Nodosaria fusulinaformis; incl. Saccammina carteri Brady 1871, *Saccamminopsis carteri] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CM01] Cózar, P., & B. L. Mamet. 2001. Planohowchinia (Lasiodiscidae, Foraminiferida), a new Late Viséan genus, southwestern Spain. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 31 (3): 228–232.

[GAR03] Groves, J. R., D. Altiner & R. Rettori. 2003. Origin and early evolutionary radiation of the order Lagenida (Foraminifera). Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 831–843.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.