Agelenidae

Tararua clara, copyright Te Papa Tongarewa.

Belongs within: Amaurobioidea.
Contains: Tegenaria, Mahura, Neoramia, Orepukia, Oramia.

The Agelenidae are a cosmopolitan group of spiders that construct flat sheet-webs attached to funnel-shaped retreats (Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2007).

Characters (from Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2007): Small to medium-sized araneomorph spiders; eight eyes; ecribellate; colulus paired; posterior spinnerets two-segmented, long and slender, with apical segment tapering towards tip; tarsi with trichobothria increasing in length towards tip; three tarsal claws; entelegyne.

<==Agelenidae [Agalenoidae]
    |--Ageleninae PVD10
    |    |--Tegenaria PVD10
    |    |--Malthonica Simon 1898 PVD10
    |    |    |--M. pagana (Koch 1840) PVD10
    |    |    `--M. silvestris (Koch 1872) SL14
    |    `--Agelena Walckenaer 1805 JD-S07
    |         |--A. consociata Denis 1965 A02
    |         |--A. labyrinthica (Clerck 1757) S02 [=Aranea labirinthica C01, Tegenaria labirinthica C01]
    |         |--A. limbata E95
    |         |--A. naevia CM07
    |         |--A. republicana JD-S07
    |         `--A. rhodesiae Pocock 1901 P01
    `--+--Mahura PVD10
       |--Neoramia PVD10
       |--Orepukia PVD10
       |--Oramiella Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    `--*O. wisei Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |--Neorepukia Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    |--*N. pilama Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    `--N. hama Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |--Paramyro Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    |--*P. apicus Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    `--P. parapicus Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |--Porotaka Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    |--*P. detrita Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    `--P. florae Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |--Tuapoka Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    |--*T. ovalis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    `--T. cavata Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |--Ahua Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    |--*A. vulgaris Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    |--A. dentata Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    |--A. insula Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    `--A. kaituna Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |--Tararua Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    |--*T. celeripes (Urquhart 1891) PVD10
       |    |--T. clara Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    |--T. diversa Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    |--T. foordi Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    |--T. puna Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    |--T. ratuma Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |    `--T. versuta Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
       |--Oramia PVD10
       `--Huka Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
            |--*H. pallida Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
            |--H. alba Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
            |--H. lobata Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
            |--H. minima Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
            `--H. minuta Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10

Agelenidae incertae sedis:
  Hololena BS02
    |--H. adnexa E95
    `--H. nedra Chamberlin & Ivie 1942 BS02
  Olorunia ocellata Pocock 1900 JD-S07, HD-S02
  Agelescape affinis (Kulczyński 1901) [=Agelena affinis] MG03
  Textrix K55
    |--T. coarctata (Dufour 1831) K55
    `--T. denticulata E95
  Wadotes JVHN90
  Alloagelena WZ08
  Histopona Thorell 1869 MG03
    `--H. torpida (Koch 1834) SL14
  ‘Hina’ Forster 1964 non Marwick 1927 F64
    `--H. delli (Forster 1955) [=Ostearius delli] F64
  Agelenopsis BS02
    |--A. aperta BS09
    `--A. utahana (Chamberlin & Ivie 1933) PS08
  Lycosoides Lucas 1846 MG03
    |--L. algirica Lucas 1846 E12
    |--L. coarctata (Dufour 1831) MG03
    |--L. digitalis Lycas 1846 E12
    |--L. flavomaculata Lucas 1846 E12
    |--L. lehtineni Marusik & Guseinov 2003 MG03
    |--L. pallipes Lucas 1846 E12
    |--L. rufipes Lucas 1846 E12
    `--L. rufithorax Lucas 1846 E12
  Eocryphoeca S93
    |--E. distincta (Petrunkevitch 1942) S93
    |--E. fossilis (Petrunkevitch 1942) S93
    `--E. gracilipes (Koch & Berendt 1854) S93
  Mastigusa S93
    |--M. acuminata Menge 1854 S93
    `--M. modesta Menge 1854 S93
  Thyelia P92

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A02] Agnarsson, I. 2002. Sharing a web—on the relation of sociality and kleptoparasitism in theridiid spiders (Theridiidae, Araneae). Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 181–188.

[BS02] Baird, C. R., & R. L. Stoltz. 2002. Range expansion of the hobo spider, Tegenaria agrestis, in the northwestern United States (Araneae, Agelenidae). Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 201–204.

[BS09] Blackledge, T. A., N. Scharff, J. A. Coddington, T. Szüts, J. W. Wenzel, C. Y. Hayashi & I. Agnarsson. 2009. Reconstructing web evolution and spider diversification in the molecular era. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106 (13): 5229–5234.

[C01] Cambridge, F. O. P. 1901. A revision of the genera of the Araneae or spiders with reference to their type species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 51–65.

[CM07] Cokendolpher, J. C., & P. G. Mitov. 2007. Natural enemies. In: Pinto-da-Rocha, R., G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones pp. 339–373. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[E95] Elgar, M. A. 1995. The duration of copulation in spiders: comparative patterns. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 52: 1–11.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[F64] Forster, R. R. 1964. The Araneae and Opiliones of the subantarctic islands of New Zealand. Pacific Insects Monograph 7: 58–115.

[HD-S02] Haddad, C. R., & A. S. Dippenaar-Schoeman. 2002. The influence of mound structure on the diversity of spiders (Araneae) inhabiting the abandoned mounds of the snouted harvester termite Trinervitermes trinervoides. Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 403–408.

[JVHN90] Jennings, D. T., W. M. Vander Haegen & A. M. Narahara. 1990. A sampling of forest-floor spiders (Araneae) by expellant, Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge, Maine. Journal of Arachnology 18: 173–180.

[JD-S07] Jocqué, R., & A. S. Dippenaar-Schoeman. 2007. Spider Families of the World. Royal Museum for Central Africa: Tervuren (Belgium).

[K55] Kraus, O. 1955. Spinnen von Korsika, Sardinien und Elba (Arach., Araneae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 371–394.

[MG03] Marusik, Yu. M., & E. F. Guseinov. 2003. Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Azerbaijan. 1. New family and genus records. Arthropoda Selecta 12 (1): 29–46.

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

[PS08] Pinzón, J., & J. Spence. 2008. Performance of two arboreal pitfall trap designs in sampling cursorial spiders from tree trunks. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 280–286.

[P01] Pocock, R. I. 1901. Diagnoses of some new species of spiders from Mashonaland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 337–340.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[SL14] Samu, F., G. Lengyel, É. Szita, A. Bidló & P. Ódor. 2014. The effect of forest stand characteristics on spider diversity and species composition in deciduous-coniferous mixed forests. Journal of Arachnology 42 (2): 135–141.

[S93] Selden, P. A. 1993. Arthropoda (Aglaspidida, Pycnogonida and Chelicerata). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 297–320. Chapman & Hall: London.

[S02] Selden, P. A. 2002. Missing links between Argyroneta and Cybaeidae revealed by fossil spiders. Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 189–200.

[WZ08] Wang, X.-P., & M.-S. Zhu. 2008. Himalmartensus, a new genus of the spider family Amaurobiidae from Nepal (Araneae). Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 241–250.

Orepukia

Orepukia poppelwelli, copyright James Tweed.

Belongs within: Agelenidae.

Orepukia is a New Zealand genus of spiders found mostly on the forest floor, constructing formless webs under fallen debris.

<==Orepukia Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--*O. sorenseni Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. alta Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. catlinensis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. dugdalei Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. egmontensis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. florae Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. geophila Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. grisea Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. insula Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. nota Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. nummosa (Hogg 1909) PVD10
    |--O. orophila Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. pallida Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. poppelwelli Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. prina Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. rakiura Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. redacta Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. riparia Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. sabua Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. similis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. simplex Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. tanea Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--O. tonga Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    `--O. virtuta Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

Neoramia

Neoramia alta, copyright Steve Kerr.

Belongs within: Agelenidae.

Neoramia is a New Zealand genus of usually large spiders that construct webs as a formless sheet attached to a retreat.

<==Neoramia PVD10
    |--*N. charybdis (Hogg 1910) PVD10
    |--N. allanae PVD10
    |--N. alta PVD10
    |--N. childi Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--N. crucifera (Hogg 1909) PVD10
    |--N. finschi (Koch 1872) PVD10
    |--N. fiordensis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--N. hoggi (Forster 1964) PVD10
    |--N. hokina Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--N. janus (Bryant 1935) PVD10 [=Ixeuticus janus FF99, Marplesia janus FF99]
    |--N. koha Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--N. komata Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--N. mamoea Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--N. marama Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--N. margaretae Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--N. matua Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--N. minuta Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--N. nana Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--N. oroua Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--N. otagoa Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--N. raua Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    `--N. setosa (Bryant 1935) PVD10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[FF99] Forster, R., & L. Forster. 1999. Spiders of New Zealand and their World-wide Kin. University of Otago Press: Dunedin (New Zealand).

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

Maniho

Maniho cantuarius, copyright Ivan Magalhaes.

Belongs within: Amphinectidae.

Maniho is a New Zealand genus of spiders that construct small sheet webs on the forest floor under fallen logs or bark.

<==Maniho Marples 1959 PVD10
    |--*M. tigris Marples 1959 PVD10
    |--M. australis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. cantuarius Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. centralis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. gracilis FF99
    |--M. insulanus Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. meridionalis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. ngaitahu Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. otagoensis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. pumilio Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    `--M. vulgaris Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[FF99] Forster, R., & L. Forster. 1999. Spiders of New Zealand and their World-wide Kin. University of Otago Press: Dunedin (New Zealand).

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

Aorangia

Aorangia sp., photographed by S. E. Thorpe.

Belongs within: Amphinectidae.

Aorangia is a New Zealand genus of ground-dwelling spiders characterised by long posterior spinnerets with prominent spigots along the inner side of the distal segment.

&tl==Aorangia Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--*A. ansa Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. agama Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. fiordensis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. isolata Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. kapitiensis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. mauii Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. muscicola Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. obscura Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. otira Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. pilgrimi Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. poppelwelli Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. pudica Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. semita Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. silvestris Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--A. singularis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    `--A. tumida Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

Mamoea

Mamoea pilosa, copyright Ivan Magalhaes.

Belongs within: Amphinectidae.

Mamoea is a New Zealand genus of species that are common on the forest floor (Paquin et al. 2010).

<==Mamoea Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--*M. rufa (Berland 1931) PVD10 [=Rubrius rufus NS00]
    |--M. assimilis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. bicolor (Bryant 1935) PVD10 [=Rubrius bicolor NS00]
    |--M. cantuaria Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. cooki Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. florae Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. grandiosa Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. hesperis Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. hughsoni Forster & Wilton 1973 NS00
    |--M. inornata Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. mandibularis (Bryant 1935) PVD10 [=Rubrius mandibularis NS00]
    |--M. maorica Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. montana Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. monticola Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. otira Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. pilosa (Bryant 1935) PVD10 [=Cambridgea pilosa NS00]
    |--M. rakiura Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--M. unica Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    `--M. westlandica Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[NS00] Nicholls, D. C., P. J. Sirvid, S. D. Pollard & M. Walker. 2000. A list of arachnid primary types held in Canterbury Museum. Records of the Canterbury Museum 14: 37–48.

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

Huara

Huara grossa female, photographed by S. E. Thorpe.

Belongs within: Amphinectidae.

Huara is a New Zealand genus of spiders characterised by a straight anterior row of eyes together with the presence of a free median apophysis on the male palp (Forster 1964).

Characters (from Forster 1964): Large spiders with the anterior row of eyes straight wben viewed from in front. Legs with a double row of spines on the ventral surfaces of tibiae and metatarsi, trichobothria on tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi and a scopula on the ventral surface of all tarsi. Spinnerets short, colulus well developed. Male with a free median apophysis.

<==Huara Forster 1964 PVD10
    |--*H. antarctica (Berland 1931) PVD10 [=Gohia antarctica F64, Chiracanthium antarcticum F64]
    |--H. chapmanae Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--H. decorata Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--H. dolosa Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--H. grossa Forster 1964 PVD10
    |--H. hastata Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--H. inflata Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--H. kikkawa Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--H. marplesi Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--H. mura Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    |--H. ovalis (Hogg 1909) PVD10
    |--H. pudica Forster & Wilton 1973 PVD10
    `--H. sorenseni (Forster 1955) [=Chiracanthium sorenseni] F64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F64] Forster, R. R. 1964. The Araneae and Opiliones of the subantarctic islands of New Zealand. Pacific Insects Monograph 7: 58–115.

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).