Gyroidina

Gyroidina orbicularis, from here.

Belongs within: Rotaliida.

Gyroidina is a genus of trochoid Foraminifera known from the Lower Cretaceous to the present (Cushman 1940).

Characters (from Cushman 1940): Test trochoid, ventral side usually convex, umbilicus small and deep, spiral suture with depressed channel; wall calcareous, finely perforate; aperture a low arched opening on ventral side toward umbilical area.

Gyroidina d’Orbigny 1826 C40
    |--*G. orbicularis d’Orbigny 1826 C40
    |--G. altiformis Stewart & Stewart 1930 [=G. soldanii var. altiformis] H03
    |--G. broeckiana JW99
    |--G. depressa C40
    |--G. girardana C40
    |--G. komatsui Aoki 1964 [incl. Gyrodinoides shinjiensis Nomura 1986] H03
    |--G. neosoldanii H90
    |--G. nitida JW99
    |--G. profunda Aoki 1964 H03
    `--G. soldanii LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed) Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.

[JW99] Jian, Z.-M., L.-J. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H.-L. Lin & P.-X. Wang. 1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology 156: 159–186.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

Spirillinida

Spirillina vivipara, from here.

Belongs within: Foraminifera.
Contains: Ammodiscinae.

The Spirillinida are a lineage of Foraminifera with a test formed primarily from an enrolled tube; the test is agglutinated in Ammodiscidae, but composed of calcite in other families (Pawlowski et al. 2013). The tubular section after the proloculus is often undivided, but becomes divided by septa in latter stages in the more derived Patellinidae (Loeblich & Tappan 1964b). Members of the Ammodiscidae are divided between the free-living Ammodiscinae and the substrate-attached Tolypammininae (Loeblich & Tappan 1964a).

Characters (from Pawlowski et al. 2013): Test composed of proloculus followed by an enrolled tubular chamber, aperture terminal; wall agglutinated, or of low magnesium calcite, optically a single crystal.

<==Spirillinida [Spirillinacea]
    |--Ammodiscidae [Ammodiscina, Ammodisculinidae, Arammodisclidia, Tolypamminidae] PHT13
    |    |--Tolypammininae LT64a
    |    |    |  i. s.: Ammodiscella Ireland 1956 LT64a
    |    |    |           `--*A. virgilensis Ireland 1956 LT64a
    |    |    |         Lituotuba Rhumbler 1895 (see below for synonymy) LT64a
    |    |    |           |--*L. filum (Schmid 1867) [=Serpula filum, *Ammonema filum, *Arlituotubum filum] LT64a
    |    |    |           |--L. exserta C40
    |    |    |           |--L. lituiformis LT64a [=Trochammina lituiformis C40]
    |    |    |           `--L. nothi (Majzon 1943) [=*Thalmannina nothi] LT64a
    |    |    |         Serpulopsis Girty 1911 LT64a
    |    |    |           `--*S. insita (White 1878) [=Serpula insita] LT64a
    |    |    |--Ammovertella Cushman 1928 C40 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |    |--*A. inversa (Schellwien 1898) [=Ammodiscus (*Psammophis) inversus, *Arpsammophoum inversum] LT64a
    |    |    |    `--A. inclusa C40
    |    |    `--+--Trepeilopsis Cushman & Waters 1928 C40
    |    |       |    `--*T. grandis (Cushman & Waters 1927) [=Turritellella grandis] LT64a
    |    |       `--+--Ammolagena Eimer & Fickert 1899 C40 [=Arammlagenum Rhumbler 1913 LT64a]
    |    |          |    |--*A. clavata (Jones & Parker 1860) (see below for synonymy) LT64a
    |    |          |    `--A. contorta C40
    |    |          `--Tolypammina Rhumbler 1895 C40 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |               |--*T. vagans (Brady 1879) [=Hyperammina vagans, *Serpulella vagans] LT64a
    |    |               |--T. delicatula C40
    |    |               `--T. permiana (Paalzow 1935) [=*Adhaerentina permiana] LT64a
    |    `--Ammodiscinae LT64a
    |--Rotaliella Grell 1954 [Rotaliellidae] LT64b
    |    `--R. heterocaryotica Grell 1954 LT64b
    `--Spirillinidae [Spirillininae, Turrispirillininae] LT64a
         |  i. s.: Alanwoodia Loeblich & Tappan 1955 LT64b
         |           `--*A. campanaeformis (Brady 1884) [=Patellina campanaeformis] LT64b
         |         Miliospirella Grigelis in Bykova et al. 1958 LT64b
         |           `--*M. lithuanica Grigelis in Bykova et al. 1958 LT64b
         |         Planispirillina Bermúdez 1952 [incl. Trochospirillina Mityanina 1957] LT64b
         |           |--P. papillosa (Cushman 1915) [=Spirillina limbata var. papillosa] LT64b
         |           |--P. granulosa (Mityanina 1957) [=*Trochospirillina granulosa] LT64b
         |           `--P. spinigera S05
         |--Terebralina Terquem 1866 C40, LT64b [=Spirigerina Terquem 1866 non d’Orbigny 1849 LT64b; Terebralininae]
         |    `--T. regularis Terquem 1866 [incl. *Spirigerina antiqua Terquem 1866, *T. antiqua] LT64b
         |--Spirillina Ehrenberg 1843 C40 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--*S. vivipara Ehrenberg 1843 C40
         |    |--‘Trochammina’ annularis Brady 1876 [=*Gyrammina annularis] LT64b
         |    |--S. groomii C40
         |    |--S. inaequalis C40
         |    |--S. limbata S05
         |    `--S. revertens Rhumbler 1906 [=S. vivipara revertens, *Mychostomina revertens] LT64b
         `--+--Turrispirillina Cushman 1927 C40 [=Turrispirrillina (l. c.) LT64b]
            |    `--*T. conoidea (Paalzow 1917) [=Spirillina conoidea] LT64b
            `--+--Conicospirillina Cushman 1927 C40
               |    `--*C. trochoides (Berthelin 1879) [=Spirillina trochoides] C40
               `--Patellinidae [Patellininae] PHT13
                    |--Patellina Williamson 1858 C40 (see below for synonymy)
                    |    `--*P. corrugata Williamson 1858 C40 [=*Discobolivina corrugata LT64b]
                    `--Patellinoides Cushman 1933 LT64b
                         |--*P. conica Heron-Allen & Earland 1932 C40 [=Discobolivina conica LT64b]
                         `--P. depressa Heron-Allen & Earland 1932 LT64b

*Ammolagena clavata (Jones & Parker 1860) [=Trochammina irregularis var. clavata, *Arammlagenum clavatum] LT64a

Ammovertella Cushman 1928 C40 [=Arpsammophoum Rhumbler 1913 LT64a, Psammophis Schellwien 1898 non Fitzinger 1826 LT64a]

*Epistomaria rimosa (Parker & Jones in Carpenter, Parker & Jones 1865) [=Discorbina rimosa, *Epistomella rimosa] LT64b

Lituotuba Rhumbler 1895 [=Ammonema Eimer & Fickert 1899, Arlituotubum Rhumbler 1913; incl. Thalmannina Majzon 1943] LT64a

Patellina Williamson 1858 C40 [=Arpatellum Rhumbler 1913 LT64b, Discobolivina Hofker 1951 LT64b]

*Pseudoeponides japonica Uchio in Kawai et al. 1950 [incl. Epistomaria (*Epistomariella) miurensis Kuwano 1950] LT64b

Spirillina Ehrenberg 1843 C40 [=Arspirillinum Rhumbler 1913 LT64b; incl. Gyrammina Eimer & Fickert 1899 LT64b, Mychostomina Berthelin 1881 C40]

Tolypammina Rhumbler 1895 C40 [=Serpulella Eimer & Fickert 1899 LT64a; incl. Adhaerentina Paalzow 1935 LT64a]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[PHT13] Pawlowski, J., M. Holzmann & J. Tyszka. 2013. New supraordinal classification of Foraminifera: molecules meet morphology. Marine Micropalaeontology 100: 1–10.

[S05] Semeniuk, T. A. 2005. Fossil foraminiferal assemblages from Pleistocene seagrass-bank deposits of the southern Perth Basin, Western Australia, and their palaeotemperature implications. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 177–190.

Rotaliidae

Pararotalia nipponica, from here.

Belongs within: Rotaliida.

The Rotaliidae are a group of trochospiral Foraminifera known from the Upper Cretaceous to the present (Loeblich & Tappan 1964b).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964b): Test trochospiral throughout; with radial canals or fissures and intraseptal and subsutural canals.

<==Rotaliidae
    |--Rupertininae [Rupertiidae] LT64b
    |    |--Rupertina Loeblich & Tappan 1961 [=Rupertia Wallich 1877 non Gray 1865] LT64b
    |    |    `--*R. stabilis (Wallich 1877) [=*Rupertia stabilis] LT64b
    |    `--Biarritzina Loeblich & Tappan 1964 [=Columella Halkyard 1918 non Westerlund 1878] LT64b
    |         `--*B. carpenteriaeformis (Halkyard 1918) [=*Columella carpenteriaeformis] LT64b
    |--Pegidiinae [Pegidiidae] LT64a
    |    |--Pegidia Heron-Allen & Earland 1928 C40
    |    |    `--*P. dubia (d’Orbigny 1826) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
    |    `--Sphaeridia Heron-Allen & Earland 1928 C40
    |         `--*S. papillata Heron-Allen & Earland 1928 C40
    |--Chapmanininae LT64b
    |    |--Crespinina Wade 1955 LT64b
    |    |    `--*C. kingscotensis Wade 1965 LT64b
    |    |--Ferayina Frizzell 1949 LT64b
    |    |    `--*F. coralliformis Frizzell 1949 LT64b
    |    |--Chapmanina Silvestri 1931 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
    |    |    |--*C. gassinensis (Silvestri 1905) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
    |    |    `--C. galea (Silvestri 1923) [=Chapmania galea, *Preverina galea] LT64b
    |    `--Sherbornina Chapman 1922 LT64b
    |         |--*S. atkinsoni Chapman 1922 C40
    |         `--S. crassata Q72
    |--Cuvillierininae LT64a
    |    |--Cuvillierina Debourle 1955 LT64b
    |    |    `--C. vallensis (Ruiz de Gaona 1948) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
    |    |--Arnaudiella Douvillé 1907 LT64b
    |    |    `--*A. grossouvrei Douvillé 1907 C40
    |    |--Crespinella Parr 1942 LT64b
    |    |    `--*C. umbonifera (Howchin & Parr 1938) [=Operculina umbonifera] LT64b
    |    |--Fissoelphidium Smout 1955 LT64b
    |    |    `--*F. operculiferum Smout 1955 LT64b
    |    |--Penoperculoides Cole & Gravell 1952 [=Penoperculinoides Hanzawa 1962] LT64b
    |    |    `--*P. cubensis Cole & Gravell 1952 LT64b
    |    |--Pokornyellina Loeblich & Tappan 1964 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
    |    |    `--*P. douvillei (Abrard 1926) [=*Siderina douvillei, *Pokornyella douvillei] LT64b
    |    |--Pseudosiderolites Smout 1955 LT64b
    |    |    `--*P. vidali (Douvillé 1907) [=Siderolites vidali] LT64b
    |    |--Pseudowoodella Haque 1956 LT64b
    |    |    `--*P. mamilligera Haque 1956 LT64b
    |    |--Storrsella Drooger 1960 LT64b
    |    |    `--*S. haasteri (van den Bold 1946) [=Cibicides haasteri] LT64b
    |    |--Daviesina Smout 1954 [incl. Miscellanoides Sander 1962] LT64b
    |    |    |--*D. khatiyahi Smout 1954 LT64b
    |    |    `--‘*Miscellanoides’ bramkampi Sander 1962] LT64b
    |    `--Thalmannita Bermúdez 1952 [incl. Ornatanomalina Haque 1956] LT64a
    |         |--*T. madrugaensis (Cushman & Bermúdez 1947) [=Rotalia madrugaensis] LT64b
    |         |--‘*Ornatanomalina’ geei Haque 1956 LT64b
    |         `--T. hafeezi LT64b
    `--Rotaliinae LT64a
         |--Asanoina Finlay 1939 C40
         |    `--*A. globosa (Yabe & Asano 1937) [=Rotaliatina globosa] LT64b
         |--Sakesaria Davies in Davies & Pinfold 1937 LT64b
         |    `--*S. cotteri Davies in Davies & Pinfold 1937 LT64b
         |--Dictyoconoides Nuttall 1925 [=Conulites Carter 1861 nec Fischer de Waldheim 1832 nec Cozzens 1846] LT64b
         |    `--*D. cooki (Carter 1861) [=*Conulites cooki] LT64b
         |--Asterorotalia Hofker 1950 LT64b
         |    `--*A. pulchella (d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |--Dictyokathina Smout 1954 LT64b
         |    `--*D. simplex Smout 1954 LT64b
         |--Kathina Smout 1954 LT64b
         |    `--*K. delseata Smout 1954 LT64b
         |--Pseudorotalia Reiss & Merling 1958 LT64b
         |    `--*P. schroeteriana (Carpenter, Parker & Jones 1862) [=Rotalia schroeteriana] LT64b
         |--Smoutina Drooger 1960 LT64b
         |    `--*S. cruysi Drooger 1960 LT64b
         |--Lockhartia Davies 1932 C40
         |    |--*L. haimei (Davies 1927) [=Dictyoconoides haimei] LT64b
         |    `--L. conditi C40
         |--Rotalia Lamarck 1804 C40 [=Rotalina de Blainville 19828 LT64b]
         |    |--*R. trochidiformis (Lamarck 1804) [=Rotalites trochidiformis] LT64b
         |    |--R. beccarii [incl. R. beccarii var. parkinsoniana] LT64a
         |    |--R. calcar H04
         |    |--R. clathrata Brady 1884 LJ98
         |    `--R. pulchella d’Orbigny 1826 LT64b
         |--Ammonia Brünnich 1772 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |    |--A. beccarii (Linnaeus 1758) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |    |--‘*Discorbula’ ariminensis Lamarck 1816 LT64b
         |    |--‘Rotalia’ japonica Hada 1931 LT64b
         |    |--A. pacifica (Asano 1936) [=*Rotalidium pacificum] LT64b
         |    |--‘Rotalia’ rolshauseni Cushman & Bermúdez 1946 [=*Rolshausenia rolshauseni] LT64b
         |    `--A. tepida (Cushman 1926) [=Rotalia beccarii var. tepida] H03
         `--Pararotalia Le Calvez 1949 [incl. Neorotalia Bermúdez 1952, Woodella Haque 1956] LT64b
              |--*P. inermis (Terquem 1882) [=Rotalia inermis] LT64b
              |--‘Rotalia’ capdevilensis [incl. *Woodella granosa Haque 1956] LT64b
              |--P. mexicana (Nuttall 1928) [=Rotalia mexicana, *Neorotalia mexicana] LT64b
              |--P. nammalensis LT64b
              |--P. nipponica JW99
              |--P. perclara (Loeblich & Tappan 1957) [=Globorotalia perclara] MO81
              `--P. stellata (de Férussac 1827) S05

Ammonia Brünnich 1772 [=Hammonium Fichtel & Moll 1798, Streblus Fischer 1817, Turbinulina Risso 1826; incl. Discorbula Lamarck 1816, Rolshausenia Bermúdez 1952, Rotalidium Asano 1936] LT64b

Ammonia beccarii (Linnaeus 1758) [=Nautilus beccarii, *Hammonium beccarii, *Streblus beccarii, *Turbinulina beccarii] LT64b

*Asterorotalia pulchella (d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839) [=Calcarina pulchella non Rotalia pulchella d’Orbigny 1826 (not preoc. if in dif. gen.), Pulvinulina pulchella, Rotalia trispinosa Thalmann 1933] LT64b

Chapmanina Silvestri 1931 [=Archapmanoum Rhumbler 1913, Chapmania Silvestri & Prever in Silvestri 1904 non Monticelli 1893; incl. Preverina Frizzell 1949] LT64b

*Chapmanina gassinensis (Silvestri 1905) [=*Chapmania gassinensis, *Archapmanoum gassinicoum Rhumbler 1913] LT64b

Cuvillierina vallensis (Ruiz de Gaona 1948) [=Laffitteina vallensis; incl. *C. eocenica Debourle 1955, L. vanbelleni Grimsdale 1952] LT64b

*Pegidia dubia (d’Orbigny 1826) [=Rotalia dubia; incl. P. papillata Heron-Allen & Earland in Heron-Allen & Barnard 1918] LT64b

Pokornyellina Loeblich & Tappan 1964 [=Pokornyella Loeblich & Tappan 1961 non Oertli 1956, Siderina Abrard 1926 non Dana 1848] LT64b

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.

[JW99] Jian, Z.-M., L.-J. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H.-L. Lin & P.-X. Wang. 1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology 156: 159–186.

[LJ98] Li, Q., N. P. James, B. McGowran, Y. Bone & J. Cann. 1998. Synergetic influence of water masses and Kangaroo Island barrier on foraminiferal distribution, Lincoln and Lacepede shelves, South Australia: a synthesis. Alcheringa 22 (2): 153–176.

[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[MO81] Mancini, E. A., & G. E. Oliver. 1981. Planktic foraminifers from the Tuscahoma Sand (upper Paleocene) of southwest Alabama. Micropaleontology 27 (2): 204–225.

[Q72] Quilty, P. G. 1972. The biostratigraphy of the Tasmanian marine Tertiary. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 106: 25–44.

[S05] Semeniuk, T. A. 2005. Fossil foraminiferal assemblages from Pleistocene seagrass-bank deposits of the southern Perth Basin, Western Australia, and their palaeotemperature implications. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 177–190.

Siphoninidae

Siphonina bradyana, copyright Renata Moura.

Belongs within: Discorbidae.

The Siphoninidae are a group of Foraminifera known from the Eocene to the present, commonly bearing a frilled keel around the outer edge of the test (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test trochospiral or may become uncoiled or biserial, periphery commonly with fimbriate keel; aperture oval, bordered by distinct lip and projecting on neck.

Siphoninidae [Siphonininae]
    |--Siphonides Feray 1941 LT64
    |    `--*S. biserialis Feray 1941 LT64
    |--Siphoninoides Cushman 1927 C40
    |    |--*S. echinata (Brady 1879) [=Planorbulina echinata] C40
    |    `--S. laevigatus S05
    |--Siphoninella Cushman 1927 C40
    |    |--*S. soluta (Brady 1881) [=Truncatulina soluta] C40
    |    `--S. claibornensis C40
    `--Siphonina Reuss 1850 C40
         |--S. reticulata (Cžjžek 1848) [=Rotalina reticulata; incl. *S. fimbriata Reuss 1850] LT64
         |--S. australis B49
         |--S. bradyana JW99
         |--S. howei C40
         `--S. tubulosa C40

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B49] Battey, M. H. 1949. The geology of the Tuakau-Mercer area, Auckland. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 429–455.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[JW99] Jian, Z.-M., L.-J. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H.-L. Lin & P.-X. Wang. 1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology 156: 159–186.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[S05] Semeniuk, T. A. 2005. Fossil foraminiferal assemblages from Pleistocene seagrass-bank deposits of the southern Perth Basin, Western Australia, and their palaeotemperature implications. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 177–190.

Calcarinidae

Calcarina defrancii, from here.

Belongs within: Rotaliida.

The Calcarinidae are a group of Foraminifera known from the Upper Cretaceous to the present, often with large spinose outgrowths on the test (Loeblich & Tappan 1964b).

See also: Star sands (Taxon of the Week: Calcarinidae).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964b): Test coiled, without differentiation into spiral and umbilical surfaces, advanced genera may become globula, large spines formed by thickenings, not marginal projections of chambers; canal system diffused, confused with perforations.

<==Calcarinidae
    |  i. s.: Schlumbergerella Hanzawa 1952 LT64b
    |           `--*S. floresiana (Schlumberger 1896) [=Baculogypsina floresiana] LT64b
    |--Calcarina d’Orbigny 1826 C40
    |    |--*C. spengleri (Gmelin 1788) [=Nautilus spengleri] LT64b
    |    |--C. clavigera H04
    |    |--C. defrancii LT64a
    |    |--C. mackayi Q72
    |    `--C. verriculata Q72
    `--+--Siderolites Lamarck 1801 C40 (see below for synonymy)
       |    `--*S. calcitrapoides Lamarck 1801 C40 (see below for synonymy)
       |--Baculogypsinoides Yabe & Hanzawa 1930 C40 [incl. Silvestriella Hanzawa 1952 LT64b]
       |    |--*B. spinosus Yabe & Hanzawa 1930 C40
       |    `--B. tetraedra (Gümbel 1870) [=Calcarina tetraedra, Siderolites tetraedra] LT64b
       `--Baculogypsina Sacco 1893 C40 [incl. Taurogypsina Sacco 1893 LT64b, Tinoporus de Montfort 1808 (n. d.) LT64b]
            |--*B. sphaerulata (Parker & Jones 1860) LT64b (see below for synonymy)
            `--‘*Taurogypsina’ taurobaculata Sacco 1893 LT64b

*Baculogypsina sphaerulata (Parker & Jones 1860) LT64b [=Orbitolina sphaerulata C40; incl. *Tinoporus baculatus de Montfort 1808 (n. d.) LT64b, LT64a, LT64b]

Siderolites Lamarck 1801 C40 [=Siderolina Defrance 1824 LT64b, Siderolithes de Montfort 1808 LT64b, Siderolithus Bronn 1838 LT64b; incl. Sideroporus Bronn 1825 LT64b]

*Siderolites calcitrapoides Lamarck 1801 C40 [=*Siderolina calcitrapoides LT64b, *Siderolithes calcitrapoides LT64b, *Siderolithus calcitrapoides LT64b; incl. *Sideroporus calcitrapa Bronn 1825 LT64b, Osteratites (l. c. for Asteriatites) siderolites WR78]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[Q72] Quilty, P. G. 1972. The biostratigraphy of the Tasmanian marine Tertiary. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 106: 25–44.

[WR78] Wienberg Rasmussen, H. 1978. Articulata. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 3 pp. T813–T927. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

Elphidiidae

Elphidium clavatum, from US Geological Survey.

Belongs within: Rotaliida.

The Elphidiidae are a group of Foraminifera known from the Palaeocene to the present, characterised by a canal system opening to rows of sutural pores. In members of the subfamily Elphidiinae, the single or multiple aperture is interiomarginal or areal in location; in members of the Faujasininae, the aperture comprises one or two rows or a cluster of pores, located near the base of the apertural face (Loeblich & Tappan 1964b).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964b): Test planispiral, trochospiral, or uncoiling; sutural canal system opening into single or double row of sutural pores; wall calcareous, perforate, radial in structure; aperture interiomarginal, single or multiple, or areal.

<==Elphidiidae
    |--Faujasininae S-VC91
    |    |--Faujasina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 [=Faujassina Terquem 1882] LT64b
    |    |    `--*F. carinata d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 C40
    |    |--Parrellina Thalmann 1951 [=Elphidioides Parr 1950 non Cushman 1945] LT64b
    |    |    |--*P. imperatrix (Brady 1881) [=Polystomella imperatrix, *Elphidioides imperatrix] LT64b
    |    |    `--P. craticulatiformis LT64b
    |    |--Porosorotalia Voloshinova 1958 [incl. Cribrorotalia Hornibrook 1961] LT64b
    |    |    |--*P. clarki (Voloshinova in Voloshinova & Dain 1952) [=Notorotalia clarki] LT64b
    |    |    `--P. tainuia (Dorreen 1948) [=Notorotalia tainuia, *Cribrorotalia tainuia] LT64b
    |    `--Polystomellina Yabe & Hanzawa 1923 [incl. Notorotalia Finlay 1939] LT64b
    |         |--*P. discorbinoides (Yabe & Hanzawa 1923) [=Polystomella (*Polystomellina) discorbinoides] LT64b
    |         |--‘Notorotalia’ clathrata C40
    |         |--‘Notorotalia’ howchini Q72
    |         |--‘Notorotalia’ stachei B49
    |         `--P. zelandica (Finlay 1939) [=*Notorotalia zelandica] LT64b
    `--Elphidiinae S-VC91
         |--Elphidiella Cushman 1936 LT64b
         |    `--*E. arctica (Parker & Jones in Brady 1864) [=Polystomella arctica] LT64b
         |--Laffitteina Marie 1946 LT64b
         |    `--*L. bibensis Marie 1946 LT64b
         |--Pellatispirella Hanzawa 1937 LT64b
         |    `--*P. matleyi (Vaughan 1929) [=Camerina matleyi] LT64b
         |--Cellanthus de Montfort 1808 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |    |--*C. craticulatus (Fichtel & Moll 1798) (se below for synonymy) LT64b
         |    `--C. gunterii (Cole 1931) S-VC91
         |--Ozawaia Cushman 1931 LT64b
         |    |--*O. tongaensis Cushman 1931 C40
         |    `--O. pacifica C40
         |--Protelphidium Haynes 1956 [incl. Porosononion Putrya in Voloshinova 1958] LT64b
         |    |--*P. hofkeri Haynes 1956 LT64b
         |    `--P. tuberculatum (d’Orbigny 1846) [=Nonionina tuberculata; incl. N. subgranosa Egger 1857] LT64b
         |--Cribroelphidium Cushman & Brönnimann 1948 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |    |--*C. vadescens Cushman & Brönnimann 1948 LT64b
         |    |--C. kugleri LT64b
         |    |--C. poeyanum (d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839) [=Polystomella poeyana, *Elphidiononion poeyanum] LT64b
         |    |--C. translucens (Natland 1938) [=C. spinatum var. translucens] S-VC91
         |    `--C. vulgare (Voloshinova in Voloshinova & Dain 1952) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |--Cribrononion Thalmann 1947 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |    |--*C. heteroporum (Egger 1857) [=Nonionina heteropora, Nonion (*Cribrononion) heteroporum] LT64b
         |    |--C. clarum (Krasheninnikov 1960) [=Canalifera (*Criptocanalifera) clara] LT64b
         |    |--C. eichwaldi (Bogdanovich in Serova 1955) [=Elphidium eichwaldi, *Canalifera eichwaldi] LT64b
         |    |--C. incertum LT64b
         |    |--C. kerguelense S05
         |    `--C. sandiegoensis Lankford 1973 S-VC91
         `--Elphidium de Montfort 1808 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
              |--*E. macellum (Fichtel & Moll 1798) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
              |--E. aculeatum S05 [=Polystomella aculeata H04]
              |--E. adventum S05
              |--‘Nautilus’ ambiguus Fichtel & Moll 1798 [=*Pelorus ambiguus] LT64b
              |--E. arcticum C40
              |--E. clavatum LT64a
              |--E. craticulatum S05
              |--E. crespinae Q72
              |--E. crispum (Linnaeus 1758) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
              |--E. depressulum S05
              |--E. discoidale LT64a
              |--E. fimbriatulum LT64a
              |--E. gibsoni H90
              |--E. gunteri LT64a
              |--E. incertum LT64a
              |    |--E. i. incertum LT64a
              |    `--E. i. mexicanum LT64a
              |--E. jenseni S05
              |--E. laminatum (Terquem 1878) [=Polystomella laminata, *Planoelphidium laminatum] LT64b
              |--E. lessonii C40
              |--E. macelliforme LJ98
              |--E. orbiculare LT64a
              |--E. oregonense BC79
              |--E. poeyanum LT64a
              |--E. repandus S05
              |--E. saginatum H90
              |--E. semiinvolutum Myatlyuk in Dabagyan, Myatlyuk & Pishvanova 1956 [=*Faujasinella semiinvoluta] LT64b
              |--E. strigillatum (Fichtel & Moll 1798) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
              |--E. subevolutum LT64b
              |--E. tenuissimum (Karrer 1865) [=Polystomella tenuissima, *Discorotalia tenuissima] LT64b
              |--E. terquemianum Le Calvez 1950 LT64b
              `--‘Polystomella’ venusta H04

Cellanthus de Montfort 1808 [=Carpenterella Krasheninnikov 1953 nec Collenette 1933 nec Bermúdez 1949, Cellulia Agassiz 1844, Helicoza Möbius 1880, Vorticialis Lamarck 1812] LT64b

*Cellanthus craticulatus (Fichtel & Moll 1798) [=Nautilus craticulatus, *Carpenterella craticulata, *Cellulia craticulata, Elphidiella craticulata, *Helicoza craticulata, Polystomella craticulata, *Vorticialis craticulatus] LT64b

Cribroelphidium Cushman & Brönnimann 1948 [=Cribroelphydium Tinoco 1955; incl. Elphidiononion Hofker 1951, Rimelphidium Voloshinova 1958] LT64b

Cribroelphidium vulgare (Voloshinova in Voloshinova & Dain 1952) [=Elphidium vulgare, C. (*Rimelphidium) vulgare] LT64b

Cribrononion Thalmann 1947 [incl. Canalifera Krasheninnikov 1960, Criptocanalifera Krasheninnikov 1960] LT64b

Elphidium de Montfort 1808 [=Geophonus de Montfort 1808, Ceophonus (l. c.), Geoponus Ehrenberg 1839; incl. Andromedes de Montfort 1808, Discorotalia Hornibrook 1961, Faujasinella Voloshinova 1958, Pelorus de Montfort 1808, Planoelphidium Voloshinova 1958, Polystomatium Ehrenberg 1839, Polystomella Lamarck 1822, Sporilus de Montfort 1808, Themeon de Montfort 1808, Themeone Berthold in Latreille 1827] LT64b

Elphidium crispum (Linnaeus 1758) [=Nautilus crispus, Polystomella crispa, *Themeon crispum; incl. T. rigatus de Montfort 1808] LT64b

*Elphidium macellum (Fichtel & Moll 1798) [=Nautilus macellus, *Geophonus macellus, Polystomella macella] LT64b

Elphidium strigillatum (Fichtel & Moll 1798) [=Nautilus strigillatus, *Andromedes strigillatus, *Polystomatium strigillatum, Polystomella strigillata, *Sporilus strigillatus] LT64b

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B49] Battey, M. H. 1949. The geology of the Tuakau-Mercer area, Auckland. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 429–455.

[BC79] Berggren, W. A., & J. A. Van Couvering. 1979. Quaternary. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A505–A543. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[H90] Hayward, B. W. 1990. Use of foraminiferal data in analysis of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 20: 71–83.

[LJ98] Li, Q., N. P. James, B. McGowran, Y. Bone & J. Cann. 1998. Synergetic influence of water masses and Kangaroo Island barrier on foraminiferal distribution, Lincoln and Lacepede shelves, South Australia: a synthesis. Alcheringa 22 (2): 153–176.

[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[Q72] Quilty, P. G. 1972. The biostratigraphy of the Tasmanian marine Tertiary. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 106: 25–44.

[S-VC91] Segura-Vernis, L. R., & A. L. Carreño. 1991. Foraminíferos y ostrácodos de la Laguna de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. Inv. Mar. CICIMAR 6 (1): 195–224.

[S05] Semeniuk, T. A. 2005. Fossil foraminiferal assemblages from Pleistocene seagrass-bank deposits of the southern Perth Basin, Western Australia, and their palaeotemperature implications. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 177–190.

Chilostomellidae

Allomorphina pacifica, from Brady (1884).

Belongs within: Rotaliida.

The Chilostomellidae are a group of trochospiral Foraminifera known from the Jurassic to the present day (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964, as Chilostomellinae): Test trochospiral, with few chambers to whorl, planispiral and involute; aperture interiomarginal on umbilical side.

<==Chilostomellidae [Chilostomellinae]
    |  i. s.: Quadrimorphina Finlay 1939 [=Gyromorphina Marie 1941; incl. Pallaimorphina Tappan 1957] LT64
    |           |--*Q. allomorphinoides (Reuss 1860) [=Valvulina allomorphinoides] LT64
    |           `--Q. ruckerae (Tappan 1957) [=*Pallaimorphina ruckerae] LT64
    |--Allomorphina Reuss in Cžjžek 1849 C40, LT64 [Allomorphininae]
    |    |--*A. trigona Reuss 1850 C40
    |    |--A. cretacea M08
    |    |--A. pacifica JW99
    |    `--A. paleocenica QS03
    `--+--Allomorphinella Cushman 1927 C04
       |    `--*A. contraria (Reuss 1851) [=Allomorphina contraria] LT64
       `--+--Chilostomelloides Cushman 1926 C40
          |    `--*C. oviformis (Sherborn & Chapman 1886) [=Lagena (Obliquina) oviformis] C40
          `--Chilostomella Reuss 1850 C40
               |--*C. ovoidea Reuss 1850 C40
               `--C. oolina Schwager 1878 H03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.

[JW99] Jian, Z.-M., L.-J. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H.-L. Lin & P.-X. Wang. 1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology 156: 159–186.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[M08] McMillan, I. K. 2008. Reappraisal of foraminiferal assemblages of the Santonia-Campanian Mzamba Formation type section, and their correlation with the stratigraphic succession of the KwaZulu Basin. African Natural History 4: 25–34.

[QS03] Quattrocchio, M. E., & W. A. S. Sarjeant. 2003. Dinoflagellates from the Chorrillo Chico Formation (Paleocene) of southern Chile. Ameghiniana 40 (2): 129–153.