Hyrokybe

Partial cephalon of Hyrokybe globiceps, from Ramsköld (1983).

Belongs within: Acanthoparyphinae.

Hyrokybe is a genus of trilobites known from Eurasia and North America during the Llandovery and Wenlock epochs of the Silurian. Members of this genus have the rostrum fused with the hypostome (Přibyl et al. 1985).

<==Hyrokybe Lane 1972 PVP85
    |--*H. pharanx Lane 1972 PVP85
    |--H. alaica (Weber 1932) PVP85
    |--H. canadensis (Billings 1860) PVP85
    |--H. copelandi (Perry & Chatterton 1977) [=Youngia copelandi] PVP85
    |--H. douglasi (Lamont 1978) PVP85
    |--H. globiceps (Lindström 1885) PVP85
    |--H. hadnagyi Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
    |--H. inermis (Lindström 1885) PVP85
    |--H. julli Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
    |--H. lenzi Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
    |--H. meliceris Lane & Owens 1982 PVP85
    `--H. uralica (Tschernyschew 1893) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Ramsköld, L. 1983. Silurian cheirurid trilobites from Gotland. Palaeontology 26 (1): 175–210.

Dendroleontina

Froggattisca tipularia, copyright Craig Nieminski.

Belongs within: Myrmeleontidae.

The Dendroleontina are a group of ant-lions characterised by females with the posterior gonapophyses digitiform (New 1985a).

Characters (from New 1985a): Tibial spurs usually well-developed; posterior margin of forewing not strongly concave; male sternite IX often bilobed; parameres platelike, not linked with mediuncus; female posteror gonapophyses digitiform; anterior gonapophyses present; gonapophysial plate medially separated by setose membrane; tergite IX without ventral digitiform process.

<==Dendroleontina N85a
    |--Nuglerus N85b
    |--Bullanga Navás 1917 N85a
    |    `--*B. binaria Navás 1917 N85a
    |--Mossega Navás 1914 N85a
    |    |--M. indecisa (Banks 1913) (see below for synonymy) N85a
    |    |--M. govensis New 1985 N85a
    |    |--M. hyalina Banks 1939 N85a
    |    `--M. rosea New 1985 N85a
    |--Dendroleon Brauer 1866 [incl. Borbon Navás 1914, Madagascaroleon Fraser 1951, Neglurus Navás 1912] N85a
    |    |--*D. pantherinus [=Myrmeleon pantherinus] N85a
    |    |--D. amabilis (Gerstaecker 1885) [=Myrmeleon amabilis; incl. D. lambda Tillyard 1916] N85a
    |    |--D. dumigami Tillyard 1916 N85a
    |    |--D. koongarrensis New 1985 N85a
    |    |--D. longipennis Esben-Petersen 1915 N85a
    |    `--D. septemmontanus GE05
    `--Froggattisca Esben-Petersen 1915 [incl. Adeloplectron Esben-Petersen 1923] N85a
         |--*F. pulchella Esben-Petersen 1915 N85a
         |--F. anicis New 1985 N85a
         |--F. gemma New 1985 N85a
         |--F. radiostriata New 1985 N85a
         |--F. rieki New 1985 N85a
         |--F. testaceum (Esben-Petersen 1923) [=*Adeloplectron testaceum] N85a
         `--F. tipularia (Gerstaecker 1885) [=Gymnocnemia tipularia, Austrogymnocnemia tipularia] N85a

Mossega indecisa (Banks 1913) [=Glenoleon indecisum, Bullanga indecisa; incl. *M. reticulata Navás 1914, Dendroleon reticulatus] N85a

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[N85a] New, T. R. 1985a. A revision of the Australian Myrmeleontidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). II. Dendroleontini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series 105: 1–170.

[N85b] New, T. R. 1985b. A revision of the Australian Myrmeleontidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). III. Distoleontini and Acanthaclisinae. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series 106: 1–159.

Pilekiinae

Areia fritschi, from here.

Belongs within: Phacopida.
Contains: Parapilekia, Cyrtometopinae.

The Pilekiinae as recognised by Přibyl et al. (1985) is known from the Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician, though it is largely defined by plesiomorphies and probably paraphyletic to other subfamilies of the Cheiruridae. Members of the Pilekiinae generally have a pygidium consisting of 3‒5(+1) axial rings and three or four pairs of pleurae bearing longitudinal furrows and elongated into spines (Přibyl et al. 1985). Derivatives of the Pilekiinae include the Areiinae, a group of burrowing trilobites known from the Lower to Upper Ordovician (Přibyl et al. 1985).

<==Pilekiinae
    |  i. s.: Metapilekia Harrington 1938 PVP85
    |           |--*M. bilirata Harrington 1938 PVP85
    |           `--M. martelli (Kobayashi 1934) PVP85
    |         Seisonia Kobayashi 1934 PVP85
    |           `--*S. sphericauda Kobayashi 1934 PVP85
    |--Metapliomerops Kobayashi 1934 PVP85
    |    |--*M. extenuatus (Raymond 1924) PVP85
    |    `--M. latidorsatus Raymond 1937 PVP85
    |--Pilekia Barton 1916 PVP85
    |    |--*P. apollo (Billings 1860) PVP85
    |    |--P. eryx (Billings 1860) PVP85
    |    |--P. transversalis (Zhou 1984) PVP85
    |    `--P. trio Hintze 1953 PVP85
    `--+--Eocheirurus Rosova 1960 PVP85
       |    |--*E. salairicus (Rosova 1960) PVP85
       |    |--E. probus Rosova 1960 PVP85
       |    `--E. subtilis Rosova 1960 PVP85
       `--+--Parapilekia PVP85
          |--Demeterops Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985 PVP85
          |    `--*D. loella (Demeter 1973) [=Pilekia loella] PVP85
          |--Macrogrammus Whittard 1966 PVP85
          |    `--*M. scylfense Whittard 1966 PVP85
          |--Koraipsis Kobayashi 1934 PVP85
          |    |--*K. spina Kobayashi 1934 PVP85
          |    |--K. punctata (Kobayashi 1934) PVP85
          |    `--K. shansiensis Chang 1966 PVP85
          |--Anacheirurus Reed 1896 PVP85
          |    |--*A. frederici (Salter 1864) PVP85
          |    |--A. atecae (Hammann 1971) PVP85
          |    |--A. discretus (Barrande 1868) PVP85
          |    |--A. plutonis Rushton 1973 PVP85
          |    `--A. sougyi (Destombes 1969) PVP85
          `--+--Ibexaspis Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985 PVP85
             |    |--*I. brevis (Young 1973) [=Protopliomerops quattuor brevis] PVP85
             |    `--I. quattuor (Hintze 1953) PVP85
             `--+--Cyrtometopinae PVP85
                `--Areiinae PVP85
                     |--Areiaspis Přibyl & Vaněk 1964 PVP85
                     |    `--*A. barrandei (Perner 1918) PVP85
                     `--Areia Barrande 1872 PVP85
                          |--A. (Areia) PVP85
                          |    |--*A. (A.) bohemica Barrande 1872 PVP85
                          |    `--A. (A.) suecica Olin 1906 PVP85
                          `--A. (Turantyx Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985) PVP85
                               `--A. (*T.) fritschi Barrande 1872 PVP85

Nomen nudum: Areia bussacensis Delgado in Thadeau 1947 PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Nieszkowskia

Nieszkowskia cephaloceros, copyright St Petersburg Paleontological Laboratory.

Belongs within: Acanthoparyphinae.

Nieszkowskia is a genus of trilobites known from warm-water palaeozooprovinces of Eurasia and North America in the Middle and Late Ordovician. Members of this genus had the glabella conically elongated upwards or bearing a distinct spine, and two pairs of pygidial spines with the second pair reduced in size (Přibyl et al. 1985).

<==Nieszkowskia Schmidt 1881 PVP85
    |--N. (Nieszkowskia) PVP85
    |    |--*N. (N.) cephaloceros (Nieszkowski 1857) PVP85
    |    |--N. (N.) ahti Öpik 1928 PVP85
    |    |--N. (N.) ahtioides Männil 1958 PVP85
    |    |--N. (N.) capitalis Öpik 1928 PVP85
    |    |--N. (N.) inermis Kummerow 1928 PVP85
    |    |--N. (N.) limuca Männil 1958 PVP85
    |    |--N. (N.) longispina Thorslund 1940 PVP85
    |    |--N. (N.) norvegica Nikolaisen 1961 PVP85
    |    |--N. (N.) osmussaarensis Männil 1958 PVP85
    |    |--N. (N.) pyriformis (Ross 1972) PVP85
    |    |--N. (N.) satyrus (Billings 1865) PVP85
    |    |--N. (N.) tallinensis Männil 1958 PVP85
    |    |--N. (N.) ulsica Ancygin 1973 PVP85
    |    |--N. (N.) variolaris (Linnarsson 1869) PVP85
    |    `--N. (N.) verrucosa Ancygin 1973 PVP85
    `--N. (Ainoa Männil 1958) PVP85
         `--N. (*A.) maeeroensis (Männil 1958) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Cyrtometopinae

Actinopeltis sp., from here.

Belongs within: Pilekiinae.
Contains: Pseudosphaerexochus.

The Cyrtometopinae are a group of epifaunal benthic trilobites known from the Ordovician. Members of this group had pleurae bearing longitudinal rows of pits; Přibyl et al. (1985) stated that the Cyrtometopinae was otherwise supported by features of the "shape of cephalon, thoracic segments and hypostomes", but did not elaborate further.

<==Cyrtometopinae [Cyrtometopidae]
    |--+--Pseudosphaerexochus PVP85
    |  |--Skelipyx Lane 1971 PVP85
    |  |    `--*S. cancrura (Salter 1853) PVP85
    |  `--Stubblefieldia Prantl & Přibyl 1947 PVP85
    |       |--*S. neglecta (Barrande 1852) PVP85
    |       |--S. boops (Salter 1864) PVP85
    |       |--S. ekphyma (Lane 1971) PVP85
    |       |--S. juvenis (Salter 1848) PVP85
    |       `--S. pahnschi (Schmidt 1881) PVP85
    |--+--Courtessolium Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985 PVP85
    |  |    `--*C. prepater (Courtessole & Pillet 1975) [=Pseudosphaerexochus (Pateraspis) prepater] PVP85
    |  `--+--Bornholmaspis Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985 PVP85
    |     |    |--*B. inflata (Poulsen 1965) [=Pseudosphaerexochus (Pateraspis) inflatus] PVP85
    |     |    `--B. praecursor (Régnell 1940) PVP85
    |     `--Pateraspis Prantl & Přibyl 1947 PVP85
    |          |--*P. pater (Barrande 1872) PVP85
    |          |--P. andegava (Bureau 1900) PVP85
    |          |--P. lisogorae Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985 [=Cheirurus radiatus Lisogor 1954 non Barrande 1846] PVP85
    |          |--P. mediterranea (Hammann 1972) PVP85
    |          `--P. parifin Šnajdr 1983 PVP85
    |--+--Valongia Přibyl & Vaněk 1984 PVP85
    |  |    `--*V. wattisoni (Curtis 1961) PVP85
    |  `--Actinopeltis Hawle & Corda 1847 PVP85
    |       |--*A. carolialexandri Hawle & Corda 1847 PVP85
    |       |--A. barrandei Kielan 1960 PVP85
    |       |--A. completa (Barrande 1872) PVP85
    |       |--A. dissimilis Petrunina 1975 PVP85
    |       |--A. globosa (Barrande 1846) [incl. Cheirurus radiatus Barrande 1846] PVP85
    |       |--A. insocialis (Barrande 1852) PVP85
    |       |--A. rivanoi Šnajdr 1982 PVP85
    |       |--A. spjeldnaesi Hammann 1972 PVP85
    |       `--A. vercingetorix Přibyl & Vaněk 1969 PVP85
    `--+--Ancyginaspis Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985 PVP85
       |    |--*A. prisca (Tjernvik 1956) [=Cyrtometopus priscus] PVP85
       |    `--A. ancygini Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985 PVP85
       `--+--Cyrtometopus Angelin 1854 PVP85
          |    |--*C. clavifrons (Dalman 1827) PVP85
          |    `--C. affinis Angelin 1854 PVP85
          |--Reraspis Öpik 1937 PVP85
          |    |--*R. plautini (Schmidt 1881) PVP85
          |    `--R. elatifrons (Krause 1894) PVP85
          `--+--Zazvorkaspis Přibyl & Vaněk 1964 PVP85
             |    |--*Z. neutra (Barrande 1872) PVP85
             |    `--Z. decorata Petrunina 1975 PVP85
             `--Cyrtometopella Nikolaisen 1961 PVP85
                  |--*C. tumula Nikolaisen 1961 PVP85
                  |--C. aries (Eichwald 1843) PVP85
                  |--C. askerensis Nikolaisen 1961 PVP85
                  |--C. kaljoi (Männil 1958) PVP85
                  |--C. rosenthali (Schmidt 1881) PVP85
                  `--C. sulcata (Thorslund 1940) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Pseudosphaerexochus

Pseudosphaerexochus hemicranium, from here.

Belongs within: Cyrtometopinae.

Pseudosphaerexochus is a genus of trilobites known from warm-water deposits of the Middle and Late Ordovician of Eurasia (Přibyl et al. 1985).

Characters (from Přibyl et al. 1985): Glabella greatly vaulted. Pygidium with 3(+1) axial rings and four pairs of pygidial pleurae, elongated into spines of varying lengths.

<==Pseudosphaerexochus Schmidt 1881 PVP85
    |--*P. hemicranium (Kutorga 1854) PVP85
    |--P. approximatus (Eichwald 1860) PVP85
    |--P. bocagei (Delgado 1897) PVP85
    |--P. bulbosus Nikolaisen 1965 PVP85
    |--P. conformis (Angelin 1854) PVP85
    |    |--P. c. conformis PVP85
    |    `--P. c. major Warburg 1925 PVP85
    |--P. densigranulatus Nikolaisen 1965 PVP85
    |--P. elongatus Thorslund 1940 PVP85
    |--P. granulatus (Angelin 1854) PVP85
    |--P. laticeps (Linnarsson 1866) PVP85
    |--P. latilobus (Linnarsson 1866) PVP85
    |--P. neglectus Kummerow 1928 PVP85
    |--P. octolobatus (McCoy 1849) PVP85
    |--P. ornatus (Ancygin 1977) PVP85
    |--P. orvikui Männil 1958 PVP85
    |--P. pectinifer (Barrande 1872) PVP85
    |--P. platycranium (Kutorga 1854) PVP85
    |--P. ravni Olin 1906 PVP85
    |--P. roemeri Schmidt 1881 PVP85
    |--P. tectus Ingham 1974 PVP85
    |--P. tenuispinus (Törnquist 1884) PVP85
    |--P. tumefectus Ancygin 1977 PVP85
    |--P. tvaerensis Thorslund 1940 PVP85
    |--P. warburgae Koroleva 1959 PVP85
    `--P. wolkae Kielan 1960 PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Parapilekia

Parapilekia cf. olesnaensis, from the Houston Museum of Natural Science.

Belongs within: Pilekiinae.

Parapilekia is a genus of trilobites known from the Early Ordovician of Eurasia and North America (Přibyl et al. 1985).

Characters (from Přibyl et al. 1985): Glabella becoming broadened transversely; glabellar furrow 3S shifted anteriorly, bifurcated or not; fixigenae becoming enlarged. Hypostome (where known) transversely broad, anterior wings shifted anteriorly. Median body elongate, with pair of medial furrows which almost meet in sagittal axis. Posterior border convex. Pygidium consisting of 4–5(+1) axial rings and four pairs of pleurae elongated into spines, arranged either parallel to sagittal axis or radially.

<==Parapilekia Kobayashi 1934 PVP85
    |--*P. speciosa (Dalman 1827) [=Protopliomerops speciosa] PVP85
    |--P. afghanensis (Wolfart 1970) PVP85
    |--P. anxia (Sdzuy 1955) PVP85
    |--P. bohemica (Růžička 1926) PVP85
    |--P. hunanensis Peng 1983 PVP85
    |--P. jacquelinae Fortey 1980 PVP85
    |--P. kasachstanica (Balashova 1961) PVP85
    |--P. nana Mergl 1984 PVP85
    |--P. olesnaensis (Růžička 1935) PVP85
    `--P. pliomeris (Demeter 1973) [=Rossaspis pliomeris] PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.