Melithreptus

Black-headed honeyeater Melithreptus affinis, photographed by T. Waite.

Belongs within: Meliphagidae.

Melithreptus is a genus of honeyeaters found in Australia whose members feed by gleaning along branches and foliage, and nest communally (Schodde & Mason 1999).

Characters (from Schodde & Mason 1999): Back green; tail square; head dusky with white nuchal bar and spot of bare, coloured postorbital skin. Palatine shelf distinctively constricted; vomerine horns extended, divaricate; temporal fossae diffuse with vestigial postorbital processes and unusually elongate zygomatic processes; triple inter-orbital perforations present; lower mandible with tooth-like process fitting into deep depression in ventral ectethmoid plate, with jugal flanking ectethmoid plate.

<==Melithreptus Vieillot 1816 [Melithreptidae] B94
    |  i. s.: M. cyanotis SJ85
    |         M. laetior Gould 1875 WS48 [=M. gularis laetior M03; incl. M. gularis coongani Mathews 1912 WS48]
    |--M. albogularis Gould 1848 JT12, WS48
    |    |--M. a. albogularis M03 [=M. lunatus albogularis WS48; incl. M. lunatus subalbogularis Mathews 1912 WS48]
    |    `--M. a. inopinatus M03
    `--+--+--M. affinis JT12
       |  `--M. lunatus (Vieillot 1802) JT12, WS48 [=Certhia lunata WS48]
       |       |--M. l. lunatus WS48
       |       |--M. l. chloropsis Gould 1848 WS48
       |       `--M. l. whitlocki Mathews 1909 WS48
       `--+--M. validirostris JT12
          `--+--M. brevirostris (Vigors & Horsfield 1827) JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
             |    |--M. b. brevirostris M03
             |    |--M. b. magnirostris M03
             |    |--M. b. pallidiceps M03
             |    `--M. b. wombeyi M03
             `--M. gularis JT12

Melithreptus brevirostris (Vigors & Horsfield 1827) JT12, WS48 [=Meliphaga brevirostris WS48; incl. Melit. leucogenys Milligan 1903 WS48, Melit. brevirostris leucogenys M03, Melit. atricapillus subleucogenys Mathews 1912 WS48]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

Schodde, R., & I. J. Mason. 1999. The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. CSIRO.

[SJ85] Storr, G. M., & R. E. Johnstone. 1985. Field Guide to the Birds of Western Australia 2nd ed. Western Australian Museum: Perth (Australia).

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.

Phylidonyris

New Holland honeyeater Phylidonyris novaehollandiae, photographed by J. J. Harrison.

Belongs within: Meliphagidae.

Phylidonyris is a genus of slender-bodied and -billed honeyeaters found in Australia and the south-west Pacific. Members of this genus have yellow remige patches, and palatines with broadened incurved pre-palatine stems and raised, attenuately winged transpalatine process (Schodde & Mason 1999).

<==Phylidonyris Lesson 1831 [incl. Glyciphila Swainson 1837; Glyciphilidae, Phylidonyridae] B94
    |  i. s.: ‘Gliciphila’ fasciata Gould 1842 [incl. G. fasciata broomei Mathews 1912] WS48
    |         ‘Glycyphila’ incana (see below for synonymy) S13
    |         ‘Meliphaga’ indistincta Vigors & Horsfield 1827 [=Gliciphila indistincta] WS48
    |           |--M. i. indistincta (see below for synonymy) WS48
    |           `--‘Gliciphila’ i. ocularis Gould 1838 (see below for synonymy) WS48
    |         P. notabilis JT12
    |         P. undulatus JT12 [=Glycyphila undulata S13]
    |--P. pyrrhopterus JF06, JT12
    |    |--P. p. pyrrhopterus M03
    |    `--P. p. halmaturina M03
    `--+--P. niger JF06, JT12
       |    |--P. n. niger M03
       |    `--P. n. gouldi M03
       `--P. novaehollandiae JF06
            |--P. n. novaehollandiae M03
            |--P. n. campbelli M03
            |--P. n. canescens M03
            |--P. n. caudata M03
            `--P. n. longirostris M03

‘Gliciphila’ indistincta ocularis Gould 1838 [=Glyciphila ocularis; incl. Stigmatops indistincta media Mathews 1912] WS48

‘Glycyphila’ incana [incl. G. caledonica, G. chlorophaea, G. flavotincta, G. modesta, G. poliotis, G. satelles] S13

‘Meliphaga’ indistincta indistincta Vigors & Horsfield 1827 [incl. Lichmera indistincta milligani Mathews 1923, Stigmatops indistincta perplexa Mathews 1912, L. indistincta perthi Mathews 1923, L. indistincta yorki Mathews 1923] WS48

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[JF06] Jønsson, K. A., & J. Fjeldså. 2006. A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds. Zoologica Scripta 35: 149-186.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1, Heft I (F. Sarasin & J. Roux, eds) pp. 1-78, pl. 1-3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

Schodde, R., & I. J. Mason. 1999. The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. CSIRO.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.

Meliphaga

Yellow-spotted honeyeater Meliphaga notata, photographed by David & Diane Armbrust.

Belongs within: Meliphagidae.

Meliphaga is a genus of honeyeaters found from Indonesia to northern and eastern Australia. Members of this genus have prevailingly uniform olive-green plumage marked only by rounded flavonoid ear plumes and gape stripes (Schodde & Mason 1999).

<==Meliphaga Lewin 1808 [incl. Ptilotis Swainson 1837; Ptilotidae] B94
    |--+--M. aruensis JT12
    |  `--+--M. lewinii JT12
    |     |    |--M. l. lewinii M03
    |     |    |--M. l. amphochlora M03
    |     |    |--M. l. mab M03
    |     |    `--M. l. nea M03
    |     `--M. notata JT12
    |          |--M. n. notata M03
    |          `--M. n. mixta M03
    `--+--+--+--M. albonotata JT12
       |  |  `--M. gracilis (Gould 1866) JT12, G66a [=Ptilotis gracilis G66a]
       |  |       |--M. g. gracilis M03
       |  |       `--M. g. imitatrix M03
       |  `--+--M. analoga JT12
       |     `--M. orientalis JT12
       `--+--+--M. mimikae JT12
          |  `--M. montana JT12
          `--+--M. flavirictus JT12
             `--+--M. albilineata JT12
                |    |--M. a. albilineata M03
                |    `--M. a. fordiana M03
                `--M. reticulata JT12

Meliphaga incertae sedis:
  M. cassidix A61 [=Ptilotis cassidix G66b]
  ‘Ptilotis’ chrysotis G66a
  M. cratitia (Gould 1840) (see below for synonymy) WS48
  M. fasciogularis FJO08
  M. flavescens (Gould 1839) [=Ptilotis flavescens; incl. P. flavescens wyndhami Mathews 1912] WS48
  M. keartlandi (North 1895) (see below for synonymy) WS48
  M. leucotis (Latham 1801) (see below for synonymy) WS48
  M. ornata (Gould 1838) (see below for synonymy) WS48
  M. penicillata Gould 1837 (see below for synonymy) WS48
  M. plumula (Gould 1841) (see below for synonymy) WS48
  ‘Ptilotis’ similis G66a
  M. unicolor SJ85
  M. vicina JT12
  M. virescens (Vieillot 1817) (see below for synonymy) WS48

Meliphaga cratitia (Gould 1840) [=Ptilotis cratitius; incl. Lichenostomus occidentalis Cabanis 1851, P. cratitia stirlingi Mathews 1912] WS48

Meliphaga keartlandi (North 1895) [=Ptilotis keartlandi; incl. Sacramela keartlandi cloatesensis Mathews 1923, P. keartlandi mungi Mathews 1912] WS48

Meliphaga leucotis (Latham 1801) [=Turdus leucotis; incl. Ptilotis novaenorciae Milligan 1904, Nesoptilotis leucotis woolundra Mathews 1922] WS48

Meliphaga ornata (Gould 1838) [=Ptilotis ornatus; incl. P. ornata munna Mathews 1912, P. ornata wesleydalei Mathews 1913] WS48

Meliphaga penicillata Gould 1837 [incl. Ptilotis penicillata calconi Mathews 1912, P. carteri Campbell 1899, P. geraldtonensis Ashby 1921, P. penicillata ladasi Mathews 1912] WS48

Meliphaga plumula (Gould 1841) [=Ptilotis plumulus; incl. P. chrysotis andersoni Mathews 1912, P. planasi Campbell 1910] WS48

Meliphaga virescens (Vieillot 1817) [=Melithreptus virescens; incl. Ptilotis sonora broomei Mathews 1912, Meliphaga virescens glauerti Mathews 1942, Meliphaga virescens hartogi Mathews 1920, P. insularis Milligan 1911, Meliphaga virescens lewisi Mathews 1942, Meliphaga virescens lipferti Mathews 1942, P. sonora murchisoni Mathews 1912, Meliphaga vittata Bonaparte 1854] WS48

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Austin, O. L., Jr. 1961. Birds of the World: A survey of the twenty-seven orders and one hundred and fifty-five families. Paul Hamlyn: London.

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[FJO08] Fleischer, R. C., H. F. James & S. L. Olson. 2008. Convergent evolution of Hawaiian and Australo-Pacific honeyeaters from distant songbird ancestors. Current Biology 18: 1-5.

[G66a] Gould, J. 1866a. Additions to the list of the avifauna of Australia, with descriptions of three new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 217-218.

[G66b] Gould, J. 1866b. Exhibition of Ptilotis cassidix, and other rare Australian species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 558.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

Schodde, R., & I. J. Mason. 1999. The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. CSIRO.

[SJ85] Storr, G. M., & R. E. Johnstone. 1985. Field Guide to the Birds of Western Australia 2^nd ed. Western Australian Museum: Perth (Australia).

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.

Gerygone

Large-billed gerygone Gerygone magnirostris, photographed by Lip Kee Yap.

Belongs within: Acanthizidae.

Gerygone is a genus of small insectivorous birds found in Australasia and south-east Asia. Most species feed by gleaning prey in the middle to upper canopies. The brown warbler G. mouki of south-eastern Australia and grey warbler G. igata of New Zealand may feed among lower vegetation than other species, with the grey warbler also feeding at ground level.

See also: Riroriro.

Characters (from Schodde & Mason 1999): Foreheads and faces usually plain; lores usually dusky with whitish supra-loral bars and orbital rings; songs sibilant, chromatic; nests pendulent, tailed, not communal.

<==Gerygone Gould in Grey 1841 (see below for synonymy) CC10
    |--+--G. chrysogaster BKB15
    |  `--G. mouki JT12
    |       |--G. m. mouki M03
    |       |--G. m. amalia M03
    |       `--G. m. richmondi M03
    `--+--G. magnirostris Gould 1843 BKB15, CC10 [=*Ethelornis magnirostris CC10]
       |    |--G. m. magnirostris M03
       |    |--G. m. brunneipectus M03
       |    `--G. m. cairnsensis M03
       `--+--+--G. igata (Quoy & Gaimard in Dumont d’Urville 1830) BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
          |  `--+--G. fusca (Gould 1838) BKB15, WS48 [=Psilopus fusca CC10, *Wilsonavis fusca CC10]
          |     |    |--G. f. fusca WS48
          |     |    |--G. f. culicivora (Gould 1840) WS48 (see below for synonymy)
          |     |    `--G. f. exsul M03
          |     `--G. levigaster Gould 1842 BKB15, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
          |          |--G. l. levigaster M03
          |          `--G. l. cantator M03
          `--+--G. olivacea (Gould 1838) BKB15, WS48 [=Psilopus olivaceus WS48]
             |    |--G. o. olivacea WS48
             |    |--G. o. cinerascens M03
             |    `--G. o. rogersi Mathews 1911 [=G. albigularis rogersi] WS48
             `--+--G. chloronota Gould 1842 BKB15, WS48 [incl. G. chloronotus darwini Mathews 1912 WS48]
                `--G. palpebrosa JT12
                     |--G. p. palpebrosa M03
                     `--G. p. flavida M03

Gerygone incertae sedis:
  *G. albogularis [=*Psilopus albogularis, *Ostiarius albogularis] CC10
  G. albofrontata Gray 1845 (see below for synonymy) CC10
  G. cinerea JT12
  G. dorsalis JT12
  G. flavolateralis JT12
    |--G. f. flavolateralis S13
    `--'Pseudogerygone’ f. lifuensis Sarasin 1913 S13
  G. hypoxantha JT12
  G. inornata JT12
  G. insularis [=G. igata insularis] CC10
  G. modesta Pelzeln 1860 (see below for synonymy) CC10
  G. personata Gould 1866 G66 [=G. palpebrosa personata M03, *Pseudogerygone personata CC10]
  ‘Pseudogerygone’ rouxi Sarasin 1913 S13
  G. ruficollis JT12
  G. sulphurea JT12
  G. tenebrosa (Hall 1901) JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)

Gerygone Gould in Grey 1841 [=Ostiarius Gistel 1848, Psilopus Gould 1838 non Poli 1795; incl. Ethelornis Mathews 1912, Hapolorhynchus Reichenow 1908, Maorigerygone Mathews & Iredale 1913, Pseudogerygone Sharpe 1879, Royigerygone Mathews 1912, Wilsonavis Mathews 1912; Gerygoninae] CC10

Gerygone albofrontata Gray 1845 [=Acanthiza albofrontata, *Hapolorhynchus albofrontatus, Pseudogerygone albofrontata] CC10

Gerygone fusca culicivora (Gould 1840) WS48 [=Psilopus culicivorus WS48; incl. G. culicivora dendyi Mathews 1912 WS48, G. levigaster mungi Mathews 1912 WS48, G. fusca mungi M03, G. culicivora wayensis Mathews 1912 WS48]

Gerygone igata (Quoy & Gaimard in Dumont d’Urville 1830) BKB15, CC10 [=Curruca igata CC10, Acanthiza igata CC10, *Maorigerygone igata CC10, Pseudogerygone igata CC10, Psilopus igata CC10; incl. Gerygone assimilis Buller 1865 CC10, G. aucklandica Pelzeln 1865 CC10, Psilopus flaviventris Gray 1844 CC10, Acanthiza flaviventris CC10, Gerygone flaviventris CC10, Maorigerygone igata flaviventris CC10, Pseudogerygone flaviventris CC10, Pse. macleani Ogilvie-Grant 1907 CC10, Maorigerygone igata macleani CC10, Gerygone sylvestris Potts 1873 CC10, M. igata sylvestris CC10, Pseudogerygone sylvestris CC10]

Gerygone levigaster Gould 1842 BKB15, WS48 [incl. G. levigaster broomei Mathews 1912 WS48, Ethelornis levigaster perconfusus Mathews 1920 WS48]

Gerygone modesta Pelzeln 1860 [=G. igata modesta, Pseudogerygone modesta, Royigerygone modesta, G. mathewsae Mathews 1912, *R. mathewsae] CC10

Gerygone tenebrosa (Hall 1901) JT12, WS48 [=Pseudogerygone tenebrosa WS48, G. magnirostris tenebrosa WS48; incl. G. tenebrosa christopheri Mathews 1912 WS48, G. magnirostris whitlocki Mathews 1915 WS48, G. tenebrosa whitlocki M03]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[G66] Gould, J. 1866. Additions to the list of the avifauna of Australia, with descriptions of three new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 217–218.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 1 pp. 1–78, pls 1–3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

Last updated: 26 July 2019.

Meliphagoidea

Dusky grasswren Amytornis purnelli, from Christopher Watson.

Belongs within: Euoscines.
Contains: Acanthizidae, Meliphagidae, Malurus.

The Meliphagoidea is a clade of birds found in the Australasian region, supported by molecular analysis. The clade includes the honeyeaters (Meliphagidae), fairy wrens (Maluridae), pardalotes (Pardalotus), Australasian warblers (Acanthizidae) and bristlebirds (Dasyornis).

<==Meliphagoidea
    |--+--Dasyornis Vigors & Horsfield 1827 JF06, B94 [Dasyornithidae, Dasyornithinae]
    |  |    |--D. brachypterus (Latham 1801) WS48 [=Turdus brachypterus WS48; incl. D. brachypterus monoides M03]
    |  |    `--+--D. broadbenti (McCoy 1867) [=Sphenura broadbenti] WS48
    |  |       |    |--D. b. broadbenti M03
    |  |       |    |--D. b. caryochrous M03
    |  |       |    `--D. b. litoralis (Milligan 1902) [=Sphenura litoralis] WS48
    |  |       `--D. longirostris Gould 1840 JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
    |  `--+--Acanthizidae JF06
    |     `--+--Meliphagidae JF06
    |        `--Pardalotus Vieillot 1816 JF06, B94 [Pardalotidae, Pardalotinae]
    |             |  i. s.: P. melanocephalus Gould 1838 WS48 (see below for synonymy)
    |             |         P. quadragintus M03
    |             |         P. substriatus Mathews 1912 [=P. striatus substriatus] WS48
    |             |           |--P. s. substriatus WS48
    |             |           `--P. s. murchisoni Mathews 1912 (see below for synonymy) WS48
    |             |         P. xanthopygus McCoy 1867 WS48 [=P. punctatus xanthopygus M03]
    |             |--P. rubricatus Gould 1838 JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
    |             |    |--P. r. rubricatus M03
    |             |    `--P. r. yorki M03
    |             `--+--P. punctatus (Shaw 1792) JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
    |                |    |--P. p. punctatus M03
    |                |    `--P. p. militaris M03
    |                `--P. striatus JT12
    |                     |--P. s. striatus M03
    |                     |--P. s. melvillensis M03
    |                     |--P. s. ornatus M03
    |                     `--P. s. uropygialis M03
    `--Maluridae [Malurinae, Waluridae] BB05
         |  i. s.: Sipodotus wallacii JT12
         |         Clytomyias insignis JT12
         |--+--Malurus JF06
         |  `--Stipiturus Lesson 1831 JF06, B94 [Stipituridae]
         |       |--S. ruficeps Campbell 1899 JT12, WS48
         |       `--+--S. malachurus (Shaw 1798) JT12, WS48 [=Muscicapa malachura WS48]
         |          |    |--S. m. malachurus M03
         |          |    |--S. m. halmaturinus M03
         |          |    |--S. m. hartogi Carter 1916 WS48
         |          |    |--S. m. intermedius M03
         |          |    |--S. m. littleri M03
         |          |    |--S. m. medius Mathews 1919 [=S. m. media] WS48
         |          |    |--S. m. parimeda M03
         |          |    |--S. m. polionotum M03
         |          |    `--S. m. westernensis Campbell 1912 [incl. S. malachurus rothschildi Mathews 1912] WS48
         |          `--S. mallee JT12
         `--Amytornis Stejneger 1885 JF06, B94 [Amytornithidae]
              |--A. barbatus JT12
              |    |--A. b. barbatus M03
              |    `--A. b. diamantina M03
              `--+--+--A. merrotsyi JT12 [=A. striatus merrotsyi M03]
                 |  `--+--A. striatus (Gould 1839) JT12, WS48 [=Dasyornis striatus WS48]
                 |     |    |--A. s. striatus M03
                 |     |    `--A. s. whitei Mathews 1910 [incl. A. striatus oweni Mathews 1911] WS48
                 |     `--+--A. dorotheae JT12
                 |        `--A. woodwardi JT12
                 `--+--A. textilis (Dumont 1824) JT12, WS48 [=Malurus textilis WS48]
                    |    |--A. t. textilis (see below for synonymy) WS48
                    |    |--A. t. modesta M03
                    |    `--A. t. myall M03
                    `--+--A. housei (Milligan 1902) JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
                       `--+--A. goyderi JT12
                          `--+--A. ballarae JT12 [=A. purnelli ballarae M03]
                             `--A. purnelli JT12

Amytornis housei (Milligan 1902) JT12, WS48 [=Amytis housei WS48; incl. Magnamytis kimberleyi Mathews 1923 WS48]

Amytornis textilis textilis [incl. Diaphorillas textilis carteri Mathews 1917, Amytis gigantura Milligan 1901, Amytis macrourus Gould 1847, Diaphorillas textilis morgani Mathews 1912, Amytis varia Carter 1908] WS48

Dasyornis longirostris Gould 1840 JT12, WS48 [=D. brachypterus longirostris WS48; incl. D. longirostris mastersi Mathews 1923 WS48]

Pardalotus melanocephalus Gould 1838 WS48 [=P. striatus melanocephalus M03; incl. P. melanocephalus inexpectatus Mathews 1912 WS48, P. melanocephalus pilbarra Mathews 1923 WS48, P. melanocephalus tormenti Mathews 1912 WS48]

Pardalotus punctatus (Shaw 1792) JT12, WS48 [=Pipra punctata WS48; incl. Pa. punctatus whitlocki Mathews 1912 WS48]

Pardalotus rubricatus Gould 1838 JT12, WS48 [incl. P. pallida Campbell 1909 WS48, P. rubricatus parryi Mathews 1912 WS48]

Pardalotus substriatus murchisoni Mathews 1912 [=P. striatus murchisoni; incl. P. striatus rogersi Mathews 1912, P. striatus westraliensis Mathews 1912] WS48

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB05] Beresford, P., F. K. Barker, P. G. Ryan & T. M. Crowe. 2005. African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): Molecular systematics of several evolutionary ‘enigmas’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B—Biological Sciences 272: 849-858.

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.

[JF06] Jønsson, K. A., & J. Fjeldså. 2006. A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds. Zoologica Scripta 35: 149-186.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.

Menurae

Superb lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae, photographed by Fir002.

Belongs within: Passeriformes.

The Menurae include two genera of Australian birds, the lyrebirds Menura and the scrub-birds Atrichornis. Members of this clade have three pairs of intrinsic syringeal muscles (Ericson et al. 2002).

<==Menurae
    |--Atrichornis Stejneger 1885 [incl. Atrichia Gould 1844 non Schrank 1803; Atrichiidae, Atrichornithidae] B94
    |    |--A. clamosus (Gould 1844) [=Atrichia clamosa; incl. Atrichornis clamosa campbelli Mathews 1916] WS48
    |    `--A. rufescens (Ramsay 1866) M03, R66 [=Atrichia rufescens R66]
    |         |--A. r. rufescens FP64
    |         |--A. r. ferrieri HSS13
    |         `--A. r. jacksoni FP64
    `--Menura Latham 1828 [Menuridae] B94
         |--M. alberti EC02
         |--M. novaehollandiae EC02
         |    |--M. n. novaehollandiae M03
         |    |--M. n. edwardi M03
         |    `--M. n. victoriae M03
         |--M. superba T62
         `--M. tyawanoides EC02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.

[EC02] Ericson, P. G. P., L. Christidis, M. Irestedt & J. A. Norman. 2002. Systematic affinities of the lyrebirds (Passeriformes: Menura), with a novel classification of the major groups of passerine birds. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25: 53-62.

[FP64] Fisher, J., & R. T. Peterson. 1964. The World of Birds: A comprehensive guide to general ornithology. Macdonald: London.

[HSS13] Hirschfeld, E., A. Swash & R. Still. 2013. The World's Rarest Birds. Princeton University Press: Princeton (New Jersey).

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[R66] Ramsay, E. P. 1866. Description of a new species of Atrichia from the Richmond River, New South Wales. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 438-439.

[T62] Tendeiro, J. 1962. Estudos sobre malófagos: Revisão monográfica do género Columbicola Ewing (Ischnocera, Philopteridae). Memórias da Junta de Investigações do Ultramar, ser. 2, 32: 7-460.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.

Turnicidae

Small buttonquail Turnix sylvaticus adult and chick, photographed by Udayan Rao Pawar.

Belongs within: Charadriiformes.

The Turnicidae, buttonquails, are a group of plump-bodied terrestrial birds found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. Buttonquails closely resemble true quails but are not closely related and differ in the absence of a hind toe. They are divided between two genera with the quail-plover Ortyxelos meiffrenii of northern tropical Africa having proportionately longer wings than species of the genus Turnix.

<==Turnicidae [Hemipodiidae, Ortygidae, Turnices, Turnicinae]
    |--Ortyxelos Vieillot 1825 [Ortyxelidae] L98
    |    `--O. meiffrenii JT12
    `--Turnix Bonnaterre 1791 L98 [incl. Hemipodius Temminck 1815 B94, Ortygis Illiger 1811 B94]
         |  i. s.: ‘Hemipodius’ andalusicus S66
         |         T. castanotus (Gould 1839) JT12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
         |         T. everetti JT12
         |         T. maculosus (Temminck 1815) JT12, WS48 [=Hemipodius maculosus WS48]
         |           |--T. m. maculosiu WS48
         |           `--T. m. pseustes Mathews 1912 WS48
         |         T. melanogaster JT12
         |         T. nigricollis JT12
         |         T. ocellatus JT12
         |         T. olivii JT12
         |         T. velox (Gould 1841) (see below for synonymy) WS48
         |         T. worcesteri JT12
         |--+--T. suscitator JT12
         |  `--T. tanki JT12
         `--+--T. sylvaticus BKB15
            |    |--T. s. sylvaticus RN72
            |    `--T. s. lepurana RN72
            `--+--T. pyrrhothorax (Gould 1841) BKB15, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
               `--+--T. hottentottus BKB15
                  `--T. varius (Latham 1802) BKB15, CC10 [=Perdix varia CC10, T. varia CC10]
                       |--T. v. varius [incl. T. varia stirlingi Mathews 1912] WS48
                       |--T. v. novaecaledoniae S13
                       `--T. v. scintillans (Gould 1845) [=Hemipodius scintillans] WS48

Turnix castanotus (Gould 1839) JT12, WS48 [=Hemipodius castanotus WS48; incl. T. castanota magnifica Mathews 1912 WS48]

Turnix pyrrhothorax (Gould 1841) BKB15, WS48 [=Hemipodius pyrrhothorax WS48; incl. T. pyrrhothorax berneyi Mathews 1912 WS48]

Turnix velox (Gould 1841) [=Hemipodius velox; incl. T. velox picturata Mathews 1912, T. velox vinotincta Mathews 1912] WS48

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[L98] Livezey, B. C. 1998. A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B—Biological Sciences 353: 2077–2151.

[RN72] Rutgers, A., & K. A. Norris (eds) 1972. Encyclopaedia of Aviculture vol. 1. London, Blandford Press.

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 1 pp. 1–78, pls 1–3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

[S66] Sclater, P. L. 1866. Report on birds collected at Windvogelberg, South Africa, by Capt. G. E. Bulger, C. M. Z. S. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 21–23.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

Last updated: 15 August 2019.