Montagnula

Ascomata of Montagnula anthostomoides on Clematis vitalba, from here.

Belongs within: Pleosporales.

Montagnula is a genus of saprotrophic or hemibiotrophic fungi found growing on various substrates but particularly on Agavaceae. Members of the genus are dictyosporous (Barr 2001).

Montagnula Berlese 1896 [anam. Microsphaeropsis, Sclerostagonospora] B01
    |--*M. infernalis (Niessl.) Berlese 1896 B01
    |--M. anthostomoides (Rehm) Leuchtmann 1984 B01
    |--M. camarae B01
    |--M. dasylirionis B01
    |--M. gigantea (Montagne) Berlese 1896 B01
    |--M. gilletiana [=M. (subg. Rubiginospora) gilletiana] B01
    |--M. mohavensis B01
    |--M. opaca B01
    |--M. opuntiae B01
    |--M. phragmospora B01
    |--M. rhodophaea (Bizz.) Leuchtmann 1984 B01
    |--M. spinosella [=M. (subg. *Rubiginospora) spinosella] B01
    |--M. subsuperficialis B01
    |--M. thuemeniana B01
    `--M. yuccigena B01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B01] Barr, M. E. 2001. Montagnulaceae, a new family in the Pleosporales, and lectotypification of Didymosphaerella. Mycotaxon 77: 193-200.

Lydamis

Lydamis centralis, from the Smithsonian Institution Department of Entomology.

Belongs within: Baridinae.

Lydamis is a genus of weevils found in Central and South America, characterised by the possession of relatively long and slender tarsal claws (Casey 1922).

Characters (from Casey 1922): Body rhomboidal, generally densely clothed with variegated scales; beak evenly arcuate, cylindric and strongly sculptured; antennae medial, first two segments of funicle rather elongate, subequal, two to four also more or less elongate and decreasing gradually, the outer three short, club elongate-oval, gradually pointed and with its first segment much less than half the mass. Scutellum well-developed, transverse, flat, densely clothed, with its hind margin somewhat sharply angulate.

<==Lydamis
    |--L. bifasciata Hustache 1949 H49
    |--L. cinnamomeus Champion 1907 D09
    |--L. conicicollis Hustache 1949 H49
    |--L. funebris Hustache 1949 H49
    |--L. nitida Hustache 1949 H49
    |--L. obscura Hustache 1949 [incl. L. obscura var. unicolor Hustache 1949] H49
    |--L. pumila Hustache 1949 H49
    |--L. subaurata Hustache 1949 [=L. punctella ms] H49
    |--L. venezuelana Hustache 1949 H49
    `--L. vicina Hustache 1949 H49

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Casey, T. L. 1922. Memoirs on the Coleoptera vol. 10. Studies in the rhynchophorous subfamily Barinae of the Brazilian fauna. New Era Printing Company: Lancaster (PA).

[D09] Davis, S. R. 2009. Morphology of Baridinae and related groups (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). ZooKeys 10: 1-136.

[H49] Hustache, A. 1949. Nouveaux Barinae Sud Américains. Première partie—Ambatini, Peridinetini, Pantotelini, Cyrionichyna et Optanini. Boletim do Museu Nacional, nova serie, Zoologia 95: 1-55.

Anthocharis

Sara orange tip Anthocharis sara, photographed by Adam Winer.

Belongs within: Pieridae.

Anthocharis, the orange tips, is a Holarctic genus of butterflies.

<==Anthocharis Boisduval 1832 F55
    |--A. belia (Linné 1767) [=Euchloe belia] F55
    |--A. cardamines [incl. A. cardamines f. femininus Bang-Haas 1938] F55
    |    |--A. c. cardamines I92
    |    |--A. c. hayashii I92
    |    `--A. c. issikii Matsumura 1925 I92
    |--A. cethura D37
    |--A. damone F55
    |    |--A. d. damone F55
    |    `--A. d. damolasthenia Bang-Haas 1937 F55
    |--A. halimede [incl. A. leo Butler 1865] B66
    |--A. nouna Lucas 1849 E12
    `--A. sara TW05

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B66] Butler, A. G. 1866. Corrections and addenda to certain papers on Lepidoptera published during the years 1865-66; with additional notes on some of the species described. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 451-458.

[D37] Dobzhansky, T. 1937. Genetics and the Origin of Species. Columbia University Press: New York.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[F55] Franz, E. 1955. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 16). Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pieridae. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 339-367.

[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.

[TW05] Terry, M. D., & M. F. Whiting. 2005. Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects. Cladistics 21: 240-257.

Hebomoia

Great orange tip Hebomoia glaucippe, photographed by Quartl.

Belongs within: Pieridae.

Hebomoia is a genus of butterflies found in Asia and Australasia, distinct from other Pieridae in having the forewing extensively bright yellow dorsally.

<==Hebomoia Hübner 1823 F55
    |--H. glaucippe F55
    |    |--H. g. glaucippe F55
    |    |--H. g. celebensis Wallace 1863 F55
    |    |--H. g. cuyonicola Fruhstorfer 1907 F55
    |    |--H. g. domoranensis Fruhstorfer 1911 F55
    |    |--H. g. erinna Fruhstorfer in Seitz 1910 F55
    |    |--H. g. iliaca Fruhstorfer 1911 F55
    |    |--H. g. philippensis Wallce 1863 F55
    |    `--H. g. reducta Fruhstorfer 1907 F55
    `--H. leucippe (Cramer 1775) F55

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F55] Franz, E. 1955. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 16). Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pieridae. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 339-367.

Pareronia

Pareronia hippia, photographed by John Moore.

Belongs within: Pieridae.

Pareronia is a genus of butterflies found in southeast Asia, members of which mimic danaine butterflies of the genus Parantica (A. V. Z. Brower).

<==Pareronia Bingham 1907 F55
    |--P. argolis Felder 1860 [=Eronia argolis] F55
    |--P. boebera (Eschscholtz 1821) [=Nepheronia hippia var. boebera] F55
    |    |--P. b. boebera F55
    |    |--P. b. elaitia Fruhstorfer in Seitz 1910 F55
    |    |--P. b. hemara Fruhstorfer 1910 F55
    |    |--P. b. hemara Fruhstorfer 1910 F55
    |    `--P. b. trinobates Fruhstorfer 1911 F55
    |--P. hippia F55
    |    |--P. h. hippia F55
    |    |--P. h. calliparga Fruhstorfer 1910 F55
    |    |--P. h. gulussa Fruhstorfer 1910 F55
    |    |--P. h. lutescens (Butler 1879) F55
    |    `--P. h. palawana Fruhstorfer 1900 F55
    |--P. phocaea Felder 1861 [=Nepheronia phocaea] F55
    `--P. tritaea Felder 1859 [=Eronia tritaea] F55

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F55] Franz, E. 1955. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 16). Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pieridae. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 339-367.

Belenois

Caper white Belenois java, photographed by Patricia Gardner.

Belongs within: Pieridae.

Belenois, the caper whites, is a genus of butterflies found in the Old World tropics whose catterpillars feed on species of Capparaceae.

See also: Caterpillars and their capers (Taxon of the Week: Belenois).

<==Belenois Hübner 1820 F55
    |--B. calypso (Drudy 1773) [=Pieris calypso] F55
    |    |--B. c. calypso F55
    |    `--B. c. dentigera Butler 1888 F55
    |--B. java PP02
    |    |--B. j. java PP02
    |    `--B. j. micronesia PP02
    |--B. solilucis (Butler 1874) (see below for synonymy) F55
    |--B. subeida [incl. Pieris subeida var. schweinfurthi Schultze 1914, B. subeida f. schweinfurthi] F55
    |--B. theora (Doubleday 1846) [=Pieris theora] F55
    `--B. theuszi (Dewitz 1889) [=Pieris theuszi] F55

Belenois solilucis (Butler 1874) [=Pieris solilucis; incl. P. solilucis var. subornata Schultze 1914, Belenois solilucis f. subornata] F55

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F55] Franz, E. 1955. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 16). Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pieridae. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 339-367.

[PP02] Patrick, B., & H. Patrick. 2002. Butterflies of Fiji. Weta 24: 5-12.

Appias

Striped albatross Appias libythea, photographed by Foozi Saad.

Belongs within: Pieridae.

Appias, the albatrosses, is a pantropical genus of butterflies, with the higher diversity in the Old World.

<==Appias Hübner 1820 F55
    |--A. ada (Stoll 1781) [=Tachyris ada] F55
    |    |--A. a. ada F55
    |    `--A. a. clavis Wallace 1867 F55
    |--A. celestina Boisduval 1832 [=Tachyris celestina] F55
    |    |--A. c. celestina (see below for synonymy) F55
    |    `--A. c. galepsus Fruhstorfer in Seitz 1910 F55
    |--A. epaphia (Cramer 1779) [incl. A. e. flavida Trim 1889] F55
    |--A. leis (Hübner 1832) F55
    |    |--A. l. leis F55
    |    |--A. l. agave (Felder 1862) [=Tachyris agave] F55
    |    `--A. l. terentilia Fruhstorfer in Seitz 1910 F55
    |--A. leptis F55
    |    |--A. l. leptis F55
    |    `--A. l. massilia Fruhstorfer in Seitz 1910 F55
    |--A. libythea F55
    |    |--A. l. libythea F55
    |    `--A. l. peducaea Fruhstorfer in Seitz 1910 F55
    |--A. lyncida F55
    |    |--A. l. lyncida F55
    |    |--A. l. andrea (Eschscholtz 1821) F55
    |    `--A. l. maccina Fruhstorfer 1911 F55
    |--A. maria (Semper 1875) [=Tachyris maria] F55
    |    |--A. m. maria F55
    |    |--A. m. adorabilis Fruhstorfer 1910 F55
    |    `--A. m. dolorosa Fruhstorfer 1910 F55
    |--A. nephele (Hewitson 1861) [=Pieris nephele] F55
    |    |--A. n. nephele F55
    |    |--A. n. dilutior (Staudinger 1889) [=Tachyris nephele dilutior] F55
    |    |--A. n. elis Fruhstorfer in Seitz 1910 F55
    |    |--A. n. invitabilis Fruhstorfer 1910 F55
    |    `--A. n. leytensis Fruhstorfer 1911 F55
    |--A. nero F55
    |    |--A. n. nero F55
    |    |--A. n. domitia (Felder 1862) F55
    |    |--A. n. ileminius Fruhstorfer 1911 F55
    |    |--A. n. palawanica Staudinger 1889 (see below for synonymy) F55
    |    |--A. n. soranus Fruhstorfer in Seitz 1910 F55
    |    `--A. n. zamboanga Felder 1862 F55
    |--A. paulina F55
    |    |--A. p. paulina F55
    |    |--A. p. albina (Boisduval 1836) [=Tachyris albina] F55
    |    `--A. p. semperi Moore 1905 F55
    |--A. phoebe (Felder 1861) [=Pieris phoebe] F55
    |    |--A. p. phoebe F55
    |    |--A. p. montana Rothschild 1896 F55
    |    `--A. p. zamora (Felder 1862) [=Pieris zamora] F55
    |--A. placidia (Stoll 1790) [=Tachyris placidia] F55
    |--A. sabina (Felder 1865) F55
    `--A. sylvia (Fabricius 1775) F55

Appias celestina celestina Boisduval 1832 [incl. A. celestina celestina f. aurifera Fruhstorfer 1910, A. celestina celestina f. lileia Fruhstorfer 1910] F55

Appias nero palawanica Staudinger 1889 [incl. A. nero palawanica f. coelita Fruhstorfer 1899, A. nero palawanica f. helvola Fruhstorfer 1910] F55

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F55] Franz, E. 1955. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 16). Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pieridae. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 339-367.