Carenum

Carenum optimum, copyright Noël Mal.

Belongs within: Scaritinae.

Carenum is an Australian genus of scaritine ground beetles, characterised by ovate elytra, bidentate anterior tibiae, an inner subapical puncture on the anterior femora, and a truncate clypeus.

<==Carenum Bonelli 1813 (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--C. bonellii Westwood 1842 (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--C. acutipes Sloane 1897 LM87
    |--C. adelaidae (Blackburn 1888) [=Eutoma adelaidae] LM87
    |--C. affine Macleay 1864 LM87
    |--C. amplicolle Sloane 1897 LM87
    |--C. angustipenne Macleay 1871 LM87
    |--C. anthracinum Macleay 1864 (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--C. batesi Masters 1885 [=C. planipenne Bates 1874 non Macleay 1873] LM87
    |--C. bellum Sloane 1917 LM87
    |--C. brevicolle Sloane 1894 LM87
    |--C. breviforme Bates 1874 LM87
    |--C. brevipenne (Macleay 1887) [=Eutoma brevipenne] LM87
    |--C. brisbanense Castelnau 1867 [=C. brisbanensis; incl. C. opacum Macleay 1869] LM87
    |--C. browni Sloane 1916 LM87
    |--C. carbonarium Castelnau 1867 [incl. C. vicinum Sloane 1890] LM87
    |--C. cavipenne (Bates 1874) [=Eutoma cavipenne] LM87
    |--C. cognatum Sloane 1895 LM87
    |--C. concinnum Sloane 1905 LM87
    |--C. convexum Chaudoir 1868 LM87
    |--C. coracinum Macleay 1865 [incl. Corenoscaphus lucidus Macleay 1887] LM87
    |--C. cordipenne Sloanea 1897 LM87
    |--C. coruscum Macleay 1864 [=C. corruscum (l. c.)] LM87
    |--C. cupreomarginatum Blackburn 1888 (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--C. cupripenne Macleay 1863 LM87
    |--C. decorum Sloane 1888 LM87
    |--C. devastator Castelnau 1867 LM87
    |--C. devisii Macleay 1883 LM87
    |--C. digglesi (Macleay 1869) [=Eutoma digglesi] LM87
    |--C. dispar Macleay 1869 LM87
    |--C. distinctum Macleay 1864 LM87
    |--C. ducale Sloane 1905 [=C. frenchi Sloane 1895 non Eutoma frenchi Sloane 1894] LM87
    |--C. elegans Macleay 1864 (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--C. emarginatum Sloane 1900 [incl. C. emarginatum aequalis Sloane 1916] LM87
    |--C. episcopale (Castelnau 1867) [=Eutoma episcopalis] LM87
    |--C. eximium Sloane 1916 LM87
    |--C. felix Sloane 1888 [=C. (*Paliscaphus) felix] LM87
    |--C. filiforme (Castelnau 1867) [=Eutoma filiforme] LM87
    |--C. floridum Sloane 1917 [=C. lepidum Sloane 1916 non Sloane 1890] LM87
    |--C. formosum Sloane 1907 LM87
    |--C. foveolatum (Macleay 1888) non Macleay 1864 (not preoc. if in dif. gen.) [=Calliscapterus foveolatus] LM87
    |--C. frenchi (Sloane 1894) [=Eutoma frenchi] LM87
    |--C. froggatti Sloane 1897 LM87
    |--C. fugitivum Blackburn 1888 LM87
    |--C. fulgidum Sloane 1917 LM87
    |--C. gratiosum (Sloane 1897) [=Eutoma gratiosum] LM87
    |--C. habile Sloane 1892 LM87
    |--C. habitans Sloane 1890 [=C. (Calliscapterus) habitans] LM87
    |--C. imitator Sloane 1897 LM87
    |--C. inconspicuum Blackburn 1888 LM87
    |--C. ineditum Macleay 1869 LM87
    |--C. interiore Sloane 1888 [=C. (Platythorax) interiore] LM87
    |--C. interruptum Macleay 1865 (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--C. iridescens Sloane 1894 LM87
    |--C. janthinum Macleay 1883 [=C. ianthinum] LM87
    |--C. kingii Macleay 1869 [incl. C. propinquum Macleay 1869] LM87
    |--C. laevigatum Macleay 1864 (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--C. laevipenne Macleay 1863 [incl. C. laevicolle Sloane 1888] LM87
    |--C. laterale Macleay 1865 LM87
    |--C. leai Sloane 1916 LM87
    |--C. lepidum Sloane 1890 LM87
    |--C. levissimum (Sloane 1900) [=Eutoma levissime] LM87
    |--C. lobatum Sloane 1900 LM87
    |--C. longulum Sloane 1916 [incl. C. longulum atroviridis Sloane 1916] LM87
    |--C. macleayi Blackburn 1888 LM87
    |--C. magnificum (Macleay 1887) [=Eutoma magnificum] LM87
    |--C. marginatum (Boisduval 1835) [=*Arnidius marginatus] LM87
    |--C. montanum Sloane 1916 LM87
    |--C. morosum Sloane 1907 LM87
    |--C. nickerli Ancey 1880 LM87
    |--C. nitidipes Sloane 1916 LM87
    |--C. obsoletum Macleay 1888 LM87
    |--C. occidentale Sloane 1897 LM87
    |--C. odewahnii Castelnau 1867 [incl. C. ordinatum Macleay 1869] LM87
    |--C. opacicolle Sloane 1897 LM87
    |--C. optimum Sloane 1895 LM87
    |--C. ovale Sloane 1900 LM87
    |--C. parvulum Macleay 1873 LM87
    |--C. perplexum White 1841 LM87
    |--C. planipenne Macleay 1873 LM87
    |--C. politissimum (Chaudoir 1868) [=Eutoma politissimum] LM87
    |--C. politum Westwood 1842 LM87
    |--C. porphyreum Bates 1874 LM87
    |--C. pulchrum Sloane 1897 LM87
    |--C. puncticolle Macleay 1864 LM87
    |--C. punctipenne (Macleay 1883) [=Eutoma punctipenne] LM87
    |--C. purpuratum (Castelnau 1867) [=Eutoma purpurata] LM87
    |--C. purpureum Sloane 1897 LM87
    |--C. pusillum Macleay 1883 LM87
    |--C. quadripunctatum Macleay 1863 [=*Carenoscaphus quadripunctatus] LM87
    |--C. rectangulare Macleay 1864 [=*Platythorax rectangularis] LM87
    |--C. reflexum Sloane 1897 LM87
    |--C. regulare Sloane 1900 LM87
    |--C. rutilans Sloane 1907 LM87
    |--C. scaritoides Westwood 1843 (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--C. serratipes Sloane 1900 LM87
    |--C. simile Macleay 1865 [incl. C. ovipenne Macleay 1871, C. triste Macleay 1869] LM87
    |--C. smaragdulum Westwood 1842 LM87
    |--C. speciosum Sloane 1888 [=C. (Calliscapterus) speciosus] LM87
    |--C. splendens Castelnau 1867 LM87
    |--C. splendidum Macleay 1863 LM87
    |--C. striatopunctatum Macleay 1865 LM87
    |--C. subcostatum Macleay 1865 LM87
    |--C. subcyaneum Macleay 1869 [incl. C. rugatum Blackburn 1888, C. sulcaticeps Sloane 1897] LM87
    |--C. submetallicum Macleay 1871 LM87
    |--C. subplanatum Bates 1874 LM87
    |--C. subporcatulum Macleay 1865 [incl. C. politulum Macleay 1871, C. viridimarginatum Macleay 1871] LM87
    |--C. sumptuosum Westwood 1842 LM87
    |--C. terraereginae Macleay 1883 LM87
    |--C. tibiale Sloane 1894
    |--C. tinctilatum (Newman 1838) (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--C. transversicolle Chaudoir 1868 LM87
    |--C. tumidipes Sloane 1900 LM87
    |--C. venustum Sloane 1897 LM87
    |--C. versicolor Sloane 1897 LM87
    |--C. violaceum Macleay 1864 LM87
    |--C. virescens Sloane 1894 [incl. C. virescens viridiventris Sloane 1916] LM87
    |--C. viridiaeneum (Macleay 1888) [=Calliscapterus viridiaeneus] LM87
    |--C. viridicolor (Sloane 1895) [=Eutoma viridicolor] LM87
    `--C. viridissimum (Macleay 1888) [=Carenoscaphus viridissimus] LM87

Carenum Bonelli 1813 [incl. Arnidius Boisduval 1835, Calliscapterus Macleay 1887, Carenoscaphus Macleay 1887, Chariscapterus Sloane 1888, Eutoma Newman 1838, Paliscaphus Sloane 1888, Platythorax Macleay 1887] LM87

Carenum anthracinum Macleay 1864 [incl. C. cyanipenne Macleay 1869, C. ebeninum Castelnau 1867, C. gracile Sloane 1895, C. nitescens Macleay 1869] LM87

Carenum bonellii Westwood 1842 [=Scarites cyaneus Bonelli 1813 non Fabricius 1775, *C. cyaneum; incl. C. chaudoiri Macleay 1869, C. scitulum Macleay 1864, C. viridipenne Westwood 1849, C. westwoodii Castelnau 1867] LM87

Carenum cupreomarginatum Blackburn 1888 [=*Chariscapterus cupreomarginatus; incl. Ca. (Chariscapterus) opulens Sloane 1888] LM87

Carenum elegans Macleay 1864 [incl. Car. campestre Macleay 1865, *Calliscapterus campestris, Car. rufipes Macleay 1869] LM87

Carenum interruptum Macleay 1865 [incl. C. arenarium Sloane 1888, C. castelnaui Chaudoir 1868, C. obscurum Macleay 1865, C. occultum Macleay 1871, C. purpureomarginatum Macleay 1887, C. sexpunctatum Macleay 1869] LM87

Carenum laevigatum Macleay 1864 [incl. C. frontale Macleay 1865, C. murrumbidgense Macleay 1865, C. punctulatum Macleay 1864, C. schomburgkii Castelnau 1867] LM87

Carenum scaritoides Westwood 1843 [incl. C. ambiguum Macleay 1865, C. atronitens Macleay 1864, C. atronitens Castelnau 1867 non Macleay 1864, C. gawlerense Macleay 1869, C. ignotus Sloane 1892, C. intermedium Westwood 1849, C. nigerrimum Macleay 1865, C. oblongum Macleay 1864, C. striatopunctulatum Macleay 1865, C. subquadratum Macleay 1865] LM87

Carenum tinctilatum (Newman 1838) [=*Eutoma tinctilatus; incl. C. bipuncatum Macleay 1863, C. glaberrimum Macleay 1865, Eutoma laevis Castelnau 1867, E. loddonensis Castelnau 1867, E. mastersi Macleay 1869, E. newmanni Castelnau 1867, E. punctulatum Macleay 1887 non Carenum punctulatum Macleay 1864, Carenum subrugulosum Macleay 1865, C. substriatulum Macleay 1865, C. undulatum Macleay 1865] LM87

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Scaraphites

Scaraphites sp., from Friends of Queens Park Bushland.

Belongs within: Scaritinae.

Scaraphites is an Australian genus of scaritine ground beetles characterised by filiform palpi and fore tibiae with the second external tooth nearer the apex than the inner apical spine.

<==Scaraphites Westwood 1842 LM87
    |--S. rotundipennis (Dejean 1825) (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--S. confusus (Westwood 1842) [=Scarites (Scaraphites) confusus] LM87
    |--S. hirtipes Macleay 1864 [incl. S. assimilis Sloane 1894, S. crenaticollis Macleay 1864] LM87
    |--S. humeralis Castelnau 1867 LM87
    |--S. laticollis Macleay 1866 LM87
    |    |--S. l. laticollis LM87
    |    `--S. l. gigas Castlenau 1867 LM87
    |--S. lenaeus Westwood 1842 LM87
    |    |--S. l. lenaeus LM87
    |    |--S. l. latipennis Macleay 1863 LM87
    |    `--S. l. pacificus Sloane 1888 LM87
    |--S. lucidus Chaudoir 1863 LM87
    |--S. martinii Castelnau 1867 LM87
    `--S. silenus (Westwood 1842) (see below for synonymy) LM87

Scaraphites rotundipennis (Dejean 1825) [=Scarites rotundipennis; incl. Scaraphites insulanus Sloane 1888, Scaraphites intermedius Macleay 1865, Scarites (*Scaraphites) macleaii Westwood 1842] LM87

Scaraphites silenus (Westwood 1842) [=Scarites silenus; incl. Scarites bacchus Westwood 1842, Scaraphites heros Castelnau 1867, Scaraphites mastersi Macleay 1869] LM87

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Clivina

Clivina vagans, copyright Birgit E. Rhode.

Belongs within: Carabinae.

Clivina is a cosmopolitan genus of ground beetles with a sharp spine externally on the mid-tibia above or at the apex, and a concavity on either side of the peduncle.

<==Clivina Latreille 1802 [incl. Ceratoglossa Macleay 1863, Scolyptus Putzeys 1863] LM87
    |--‘Tenebrio’ fossor Linnaeus 1758 [incl. Scarites arenarius Fabricius 1792, *Clivina arenaria] LM87
    |--C. aequalis Blackburn 1890 LM87
    |--C. angustipes Putzeys 1868 LM87
    |--C. atrata Putzeys 1863 [incl. C. obliterata Sloane 1896] LM87
    |--C. atridorsis Sloane 1905 LM87
    |--C. australasiae Boheman 1858 LM87
    |--C. australica Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. banksi Sloane 1907 LM87
    |--C. basalis Chaudoir 1843 (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--C. biplagiata Putzeys 1866 LM87
    |--C. bitincta Sloane 1905 [=C. bicolor Sloane 1896 non Putzeys 1846] LM87
    |--C. blackburni Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. boops Blackburn 1890 LM87
    |--C. bovillae Blackburn 1890 LM87
    |--C. brevisterna Sloane 1916 [incl. C. brevisterna major Sloane 1917] LM87
    |--C. brunnicolor Sloane 1916 LM87
    |--C. burgeoni B55
    |--C. carpentaria Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. cava Putzeys 1866 LM87
    |--C. coronata Putzeys 1873 LM87
    |--C. cribriforns Sloane 1905 LM87
    |--C. cribrosa Putzeys 1868 LM87
    |--C. curvidens LaFerté 1850 [incl. C. microphthalmus Putzeys 1863, *Scolyptus microphthalmus] LM87
    |--C. cylindriformis Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. cylindripennis Sloane 1905 LM87
    |--C. dampieri Sloane 1916 LM87
    |--C. darwini Sloane 1916 LM87
    |--C. debilis Blackburn 1890 LM87
    |--C. denticollis Sloane 1896 [incl. C. eyrensis Blackburn 1900] LM87
    |--C. difformis Putzeys 1868 LM87
    |--C. diluta Darlington 1953 LM87
    |--C. dilutipes Putzeys 1868 [incl. C. sydneyensis Sloane 1896, C. dilutipes victoriae Sloane 1905] LM87
    |--C. dimidiata Putzeys 1866 [incl. C. melanopyga Putzeys 1866] LM87
    |--C. dingo Sloane 1905 LM87
    |--C. diophthalmica Basilewsky 1955 B55
    |--C. doddi Sloane 1905 LM87
    |--C. dumolini B55
    |--C. elegans Putzeys 1863 LM87
    |--C. emarginata Putzeys 1868 LM87
    |--C. eremicola Blackburn 1894 LM87
    |--C. exilis Sloane 1916 LM87
    |--C. ferruginea Putzeys 1868 LM87
    |--C. flava Putzeys 1868 LM87
    |--C. fortis Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. frenchi Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. froggatti Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. gracilipes Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. grandiceps Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. grata Darlington 1953 LM87
    |--C. hackeri Sloane 1907 LM87
    |--C. helmsi Blackburn 1892 LM87
    |--C. heterogena Putzeys 1866 [incl. C. angustula Putzeys 1866, C. deplanata Putzeys 1866] LM87
    |--C. inopaca Darlington 1962 LM87
    |--C. isogona Putzeys 1868 LM87
    |--C. kershawi Sloane 1916 LM87
    |--C. leai Sloane 1896 [incl. C. leai apicalis Sloane 1896] LM87
    |--C. lepida Putzeys 1866 [incl. C. juvensis Putzeys 1866] LM87
    |--C. lobipes Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. machadoi Basilewsky 1955 B55
    |--C. macleayi Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. marginata (Putzeys 1868) [=Scolyptus marginatus] LM87
    |--C. mastersi Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. ‘microphthalma’ Burgeon 1937 non C. microphthalmus Putzeys 1863 B55
    |--C. misella Sloane 1905 LM87
    |--C. monilicornis Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. nana Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. natalensis B55
    |--C. nigra Sloane 1905 LM87
    |--C. nyctosyloides Putzeys 1868 [incl. C. interstitialis Sloane 1896] LM87
    |--C. obliquata Putzeys 1866 [incl. C. adelaidae Blackburn 1890] LM87
    |--C. obliquicollis Sloane 1905 LM87
    |--C. oblonga (Putzeys 1873) [=Scolyptus oblongus; incl. S. abbreviatus Putzeys 1873] LM87
    |--C. oblongicollis Putzeys 1863 BM87
    |--C. obscuripes (Blackburn 1890) [=Scolyptus obscuripes] LM87
    |--C. obsoleta Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. occulta Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. odontomera Putzeys 1868 LM87
    |--C. olliffi Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. oodnadattae Blackburn 1894 LM87
    |--C. ovalipennis Sloane 1905 [=C. ovipennis Sloane 1896 non Chaudoir 1846] LM87
    |--C. pallidiceps Sloane 1905 LM87
    |--C. parryi Putzeys 1863 [incl. Eupalamus clivinoides] B89
    |--C. pectonoda Sloane 1905 LM87
    |--C. pectoralis Putzeys 1868 LM87
    |--C. physopleura Burgeon 1935 B55
    |--C. planiceps (Putzeys 1863) (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--C. planifrons Sloane 1907 LM87
    |--C. procera Putzeys 1866 LM87
    |--C. prominens Putzeys 1866 LM87
    |--C. punctaticeps Putzeys 1868 LM87
    |--C. quadratifrons Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. queenslandica Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. regularis Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. riverinae Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. robusta Sloane 1905 [incl. Ceratoglossa foveiceps Macleay 1863 non Cl. foveiceps Putzeys 1845] LM87
    |--C. rubripes Putzeys 1868 LM87
    |--C. rugithorax M83
    |--C. scripta Putz 1846 E12
    |--C. sculpticeps Darlington 1953 LM87
    |--C. sellata Putzeys 1866 [incl. C. sellata inconspicua Sloane 1896] LM87
    |--C. simulans Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. sloanei Csiki 1927 [=C. femoralis Sloane 1916 non Putzeys 1846] LM87
    |--C. sulcaticeps Sloane 1923 LM87
    |--C. sulcicollis Sloane 1896 [=C. punctaticeps sulcicollis] LM87
    |--C. suturalis Putzeys 1863 [incl. C. dorsalis Blackburn 1890, C. verticalis Putzeys 1866] LM87
    |--C. tuberculifrons Blackburn 1890 LM87
    |--C. tumidipes Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. vagans Putzeys 1866 [incl. C. lepida tasmaniensis Sloane 1896] LM87
    |--C. vittata Sloane 1896 LM87
    |--C. wildi Blackburn 1890 LM87
    |--C. wiluna Darlington 1953 LM87
    `--C. zebi Kult 1951 LM87

Clivina basalis Chaudoir 1843 [incl. C. ephippiata Putzeys 1846, C. eximia Sloane 1896, C. felix Sloane 1896, C. microdon Putzeys 1866] LM87

Clivina planiceps (Putzeys 1863) [=Scolyptus planiceps; incl. S. crassicollis Putzeys 1866, Ceratoglossa rugiceps Macleay 1863] LM87

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B55] Basilewsky, P. 1955. Carabidae (Coleoptera) de l’Angola (première partie). Diamang Publicações Culturais 27: 91–137.

[B89] Bates, H. W. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmani e regioni vicine. XVI.—On some Carabidae from Burma collected by Mr. L. Fea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 100–111.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

Monocentrum

Monocentrum frenchi, copyright Museums Victoria.

Belongs within: Scaritinae.

Monocentrum is an Australian genus of scaritine ground beetles with a very elongate, narrow body form and externally unidentate fore tibiae.

<==Monocentrum Chaudoir 1868 [incl. Teratidium Bates 1874] LM87
    |--*M. grandiceps Chaudoir 1868 LM87
    |--M. convexum (Sloane 1905) [=Teratidium convexum] LM87
    |--M. frenchi (Sloane 1905) [=Teratidium frenchi] LM87
    |--M. laticeps (Sloane 1897) [=Teratidium laticeps] LM87
    |--M. longiceps Chaudoir 1868 LM87
    |--M. macros (Bates 1874) [=*Teratidium macros] LM87
    |--M. parallelum (Sloane 1923) [=Teratidium parallelum] LM87
    |--M. perlongum (Sloane 1897) [=Teratidium perlongum] LM87
    |--M. procerum (Sloane 1916) [=Teratidium procerum] LM87
    `--M. robustum (Sloane 1916) [=Teratidium robustum] LM87

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Carabinae

Forest caterpillar hunter Calosoma sycophanta, copyright Thomas Huntke.

Belongs within: Carabidae.
Contains: Pamborus, Carabus.

The Carabinae are a group of ground beetles that, in the sense used herein, include species with open procoxal and mesocoxal cavities (other classifications expand the 'Carabinae' to cover a much larger, probably non-monophyletic subgroup of the Carabidae). In members of the tribe Carabini, the mandibles lack teeth and have a rugose upper surface, and the clypeus possesses a setigerous puncture at each anterior corner. Species of Calosoma have antennae with the second segment globose and distinct carinae along the dorsal margin of the second and third segments, and mandibles with transversely corrugate surfaces. Members of this genus climb vegetation in search of tree-dwelling larvae of insects such as moths and sawflies, and may play a role in the control of defoliators (Ball & Bousquet 2001).

Members of the Cychrini have smooth and toothed mandibles, and lack prominent setae on the clypeus (Lawrence & Britton 1991). They are molluscivores, inhabiting cool, damp woods and ravines. Within Cychrini, Scaphinotus differs from the genera Sphaeroderus and Cychrus in possessing at least a partial suture separating the proepisternum and proepimeron (Ball & Bousquet 2001).

Carabinae [Carabitae]
    |  i. s.: Ceroglossus chilensis (Eschscholtz 1829) B14
    |         Damaster blaptoides Kollar 1836 B14
    |         Acoptolabrus B14
    |         Coptolabrus B14
    |--Cychrini [Cychrinae, Pamborinae] LB91
    |    |--Sphaeroderus Dejean 1826 BB01
    |    |--Cychropsis Boileau 1901 BB01
    |    |--Pamborus LB91
    |    |--Cychrus Fabricius 1794 BB01
    |    |    |--C. attenuatus B14
    |    |    |--C. caraboides Linnaeus 1758 B14
    |    |    |--C. cordicollis B14
    |    |    `--C. rostratus [=Carabus (Cychrus) rostratus] G20
    |    `--Scaphinotus Dejean 1826 BB01
    |         |--S. (Scaphinotus) [incl. Irichroa Newman 1838, Megaliridia Casey 1920] BB01
    |         |    |--S. (S.) elevatus Fabricius 1787) BB01
    |         |    |    |--S. e. elevatus BB01
    |         |    |    `--S. e. neomexicanus Van Dyke 1924 BB01
    |         |    `--S. (S.) petersi BB01
    |         |--S. (Brennus Motschulsky 1865) BB01
    |         |    `--S. (B.) marginatus (Fischer von Waldheim 1822) BB01
    |         |--S. (Maronetus Casey 1914) BB01
    |         |    |--S. (M.) debilis (LeConte 1853) BB01
    |         |    |--S. (M.) hubbardi (Schwarz 1895) BB01
    |         |    |--S. (M.) imperfectus (Horn 1860) BB01
    |         |    `--S. (M.) incompletus (Schwarz 1895) BB01
    |         |--S. (Neocychrus Roeschke 1907) BB01
    |         |    `--S. (N.) angulatus BB01
    |         |--S. (Nomaretus LeConte 1853) BB01
    |         |--S. (Pseudonomaretus Roeschke 1907) BB01
    |         |--S. (Steniridia Casey 1924) BB01
    |         |    `--S. (S.) andrewsii BB01
    |         `--S. (Stenocantharus Gistel 1857) [incl. Pemphus Motschulsky 1866] BB01
    |              `--S. (S.) angusticollis (Fischer von Waldheim 1823) BB01
    `--Carabini LB91
         |--Carabus BB01
         `--Calosomatina BB01
              |--Aplothorax Waterhouse 1843 BB01
              `--Calosoma Weber 1801 BB01 [=Callisoma Agassiz 1846 LM87]
                   |  i. s.: C. australe Hope 1845 LM87
                   |         C. cyaneoventre Mandl 1955 LM87
                   |         C. inquisitor L02
                   |--C. (Calosoma) [incl. Callipara Motschulsky 1865, Syncalosoma Breuning 1927] BB01
                   |    |--*C. (C.) sycophanta (Linnaeus 1758) [=Carabus sycophanta] LM87
                   |    `--C. (C.) frigidum Kirby 1837 BB01
                   |--C. (Australodrepa Lapouge 1929) LM87
                   |    |--C. (A.) oceanicum Perroud & Montrouzier 1864 (see below for synonymy) LM87
                   |    `--C. (A.) schayeri Erichson 1842 (see below for synonymy) LM87
                   |--C. (Blaptosoma Géhin 1876) [incl. Aulacopterum Géhin 1885] BB01
                   |    `--C. (B.) haydeni Horn 1870 BB01
                   |--C. (Callisthenes Fischer von Waldheim 1821) BB01
                   |--C. (Callitropa Motschulsky 1865) [incl. Paratropa Lapouge 1929] BB01
                   |    |--C. (C.) externum (Say 1823) BB01
                   |    `--C. (C.) macrum LeConte 1853 BB01
                   |--C. (Calodrepa Motschulsky 1865) BB01
                   |    |--C. (C.) aurocinctum Chaudoir 1850 BB01
                   |    |--C. (C.) scrutator (Fabriciys 1775) BB01
                   |    |--C. (C.) splendidum Dejean 1831 BB01
                   |    `--C. (C.) wilcoxi LeConte 1848 BB01
                   |--C. (Camedula Motschulsky 1865) [incl. Acamegonia Lapouge 1924] BB01
                   |    `--C. (C.) peregrinator Guérin-Méneville 1844 BB01
                   |--C. (Camegonia Lapouge 1924) BB01
                   |    |--C. (C.) marginale Casey 1897 BB01
                   |    `--C. (C.) prominens BB01
                   |--C. (Carabosoma Géhin 1885) BB01
                   |    `--C. (C.) angulatum Chevrolat 1834 BB01
                   |--C. (Castrida Motschulsky 1865) (see below for synonymy) BB01
                   |    `--C. (C.) sayi Dejean 1826 BB01
                   |--C. (Chrysostigma Kirby 1837) [incl. Lyperostenia Lapouge 1929] BB01
                   |    `--C. (C.) calidum (Fabricius 1775) BB01
                   |--C. (Microcallisthenes Apfelbeck 1918) [incl. Callistenia Lapouge 1929, Isotenia Lapouge 1929] BB01
                   |    |--C. (M.) luxatum Say 1823 BB01
                   |    `--C. (M.) moniliatum LeConte 1852 BB01
                   |--C. (Tapinosthenes Kolbe 1895) BB01
                   |    `--C. (T.) cancellatum Eschscholtz 1833 BB01
                   `--C. (Teratexis Semenov & Znojko 1933) BB01

Calosoma (Australodrepa) oceanicum Perroud & Montrouzier 1864 [incl. C. (*A.) timorense Chaudoir 1869, C. walkeri Waterhouse 1898] LM87

Calosoma (Australodrepa) schayeri Erichson 1842 [incl. C. curtisi Hope 1845, C. grandipenne Castelnau 1867] LM87

Calosoma (Castrida Motschulsky 1865) [incl. Acampalita Lapouge 1929, Calamata Motschulsky 1865, Callistriga Motschulsky 1865, Catastriga Lapouge 1929] BB01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB01] Ball, G. E., & Y. Bousquet. 2001. Carabidae Latreille, 1810. In: Arnett, R. H., Jr & M. C. Thomas (eds) American Beetles vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia pp. 32–132. CRC Press: Boca Raton.

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Last updated: 19 December 2020.

Brachininae

Pheropsophus verticalis, copyright Peter Halasz.

Belongs within: Conjunctae.

The Brachininae, bombadier beetles, are a group of ground beetles capable of explosively emitting a defensive spray from the abdominal apex. They are most diverse in the tropics, particularly in Africa. Larvae of at least some species are ectoparasitoids of other insects with Brachinus attacking pupae of water beetles and Pheropsophus feeding on eggs of mole crickets (Ball & Bousquet 2001).

Characters (from Ball & Bousquet 2001): Size small to large (total length ca. 2–30 mm); head capsule ventrally without antennal grooves; antennal insertions laterad, each between base of mandible and anterior margin of eye; antenna filiform, number of antennomeres 11; antennomeres 2–4 not nodose, 2–6 without unusually long setae; labrum with six to eight setae; mandible with scrobe unisetose or plurisetose, occlusal margin with one terebral tooth, retinacular teeth about size of terebral tooth, not enlarged and molariform; terminal palpomeres about cylindrical not securiform; pterothorax with mesonotal scutellum dorsally visible, not concealed beneath elytra; front coxal cavities closed, with projection of proepimeron inserted each side into cavity of prosternum; middle coxal cavities conjunct-confluent, and hind coxal cavities lobate (disjunct)-confluent; elytra striate (intervals and striae broad) to smooth dorsally, extended to apex of abdominal tergum VI, and apical margins truncate; without flange of Coanda; metathoracic wings large to variously reduced; front tibia anisochaete, antenna cleaner emarginate, type C; abdomen with seven (II–VIII) or eight (II–IX) sterna normally exposed, sterna III and IV separated by suture; male genitalia with parameres glabrous, reduced, right minute, left larger, and in adults of most species baldric-like in position, across basal part of median lobe; ovipositor with gonocoxae rotated 90° in repose, without ramus, gonocoxa with two gonocoxites, gonocoxite 2 without accessory lobe; reproductive tract with spermatheca 1 only; secretion of pygidial glands quinones, delivered hot; discharge by crepitation.

<==Brachininae [Brachinides, Brachinini] B12
    |  i. s.: Mastax B55
    |           |--M. burgeoni B55
    |           `--M. ornatellus B55
    |         Brachynillus varendorffi Reitter 1904 BB01
    |--+--Aptinus OM08
    |  |    |--A. alpinus OM08
    |  |    `--A. displosor OM08
    |  `--+--Styphlodromus OM08
    |     `--Styphlomerus OM08
    |          |--S. ludicrus [incl. S. ludicrus var. grandis] B55
    |          `--S. vittaticollis OM08
    `--+--Crepidogaster [Crepidigastrini] OM08
       |    |--C. (Tyronia) ambreana OM08
       |    |--C. atrata OM08
       |    `--C. picipennis B55
       `--+--Brachinus Weber 1801 OM08, BB01
          |    |  i. s.: B. bimaculatus B35
          |    |         B. caligatus Bates 1889 B89
          |    |         B. frontalis B89
          |    |         B. oblongus G89
          |    |--B. (Brachinus) crepitans G20
          |    |--B. (Metabrachinus) armiger OM08 [incl. Metabrachinus armiger var. natalicus B55]
          |    `--B. (Neobrachinus Erwin 1970) BB01
          |         `--B. (N.) hirsutus OM08
          `--Pheropsophus Solier 1833 [Pherapsophina] B12
               |  i. s.: P. aequinoctialis (Linnaeus 1763) B14
               |         P. africanus [=Brachinus africanus] G89
               |         P. alexandrae Giachino 2003 B12
               |         P. arcanus B55
               |         P. darwini Giachino 2003 B12
               |         P. dimidiatus B55
               |         P. gregoryi Giachino 2003 B12
               |         P. jessoensis LB91
               |         P. livingstonei B55
               |         P. macleayi Sloane 1895 B12
               |         P. minor B55
               |         P. straneoi Giachino 2003 B12
               |         P. windjanae Baehr 2012 B12
               |--P. (Pheropsophus) B12
               |    |--*P. (P.) madagascariensis (Dejean 1831) [=Brachinus madagascariensis] B12
               |    `--P. (P.) complanatus (Fabricius 1775) LM87 [=Carabus complanatus LM87, Nebria complanata L02]
               `--P. (Stenaptinus Maindron 1906) [incl. Parapheropsophus Hubenthal 1914] LM87
                    |--P. (*S.) krichna (Maindron 1914) [=*Stenaptinus krichna] LM87
                    |--‘Stenaptinus’ insignis SBM11
                    `--P. (S.) verticalis (Dejean 1825) LM87 (see below for synonymy) LM87

Pheropsophus (Stenaptinus) verticalis (Dejean 1825) LM87 [=Brachinus verticalis LM87, P. (*Parapheropsophus) verticalis LM87; incl. P. australis Castelnau 1867 LM87, P. baliothorax Heller 1910 LM87, P. hypoxanthus Chaudoir 1876 LM87, P. (Parapheropsophus) intermedius Hubenthal 1914 LM87, Aptinus jamissoni B35, P. (Pa.) niger Hubenthal 1914 LM87, P. papuensis Macleay 1877 LM87]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B12] Baehr, M. 2012. A new species of the genus Pheropsophus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae) from northern Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 27 (1): 62–67.

[BB01] Ball, G. E., & Y. Bousquet. 2001. Carabidae Latreille, 1810. In: Arnett, R. H., Jr & M. C. Thomas (eds) American Beetles vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia pp. 32–132. CRC Press: Boca Raton.

[B55] Basilewsky, P. 1955. Carabidae (Coleoptera) de l’Angola (première partie). Diamang Publicações Culturais 27: 91–137.

[B89] Bates, H. W. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmani e regioni vicine. XVI.—On some Carabidae from Burma collected by Mr. L. Fea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 100–111.

[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'océan Pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[G89] Gestro, R. 1889. Viaggio ab Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso “Esploratore” dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880.—IV. Coleotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 5–72.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[OM08] Ober, K. A., & D. R. Maddison. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of tribes within Harpalinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as inferred from 28S ribosomal DNA and the wingless gene. Journal of Insect Science 8: 63.

[SBM11] Solomon, E. P., L. R. Berg & D. W. Martin (eds) 2011. Biology 9^th ed. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.

Last updated: 19 December 2020.

Pamborus

Snail-eating carabid Pamborus alternans, from the Queensland Museum.

Belongs within: Carabinae.

Pamborus is a genus of flightless ground beetles found in eastern Australia, characterised by a large, almost heart-shaped pronotum and short, strongly curved mandibles.

<==Pamborus Latreille 1812 [incl. Callimosoma Castelnau 1834; Pamborini] LM87
    |--*P. alternans Latreille 1812 (see below for synonymy) LM87
    |--P. brisbanensis Castelnau 1867 LM87
    |--P. elegans Sloane 1915 LM87
    |--P. guerinii Gory 1831 [=*Callimosoma guerini] LM87
    |--P. macleayi Castelnau 1867 LM87
    |--P. opacus Géhin 1885 LM87
    |--P. pradieri Chaudoir 1869 LM87
    |    |--P. p. pradieri LM87
    |    `--P. p. darlingtoni Bänninger 1940 LM87
    |--P. punctatus Darlington 1961 LM87
    |--P. subtropicus Darlington 1961 LM87
    |--P. transitus Darlington 1961 LM87
    |--P. tropicus Darlington 1961 LM87
    `--P. viridis Gory 1836 LM87

*Pamborus alternans Latreille 1812 [incl. P. cunninghamii Castelnau 1834, P. elongatus Gory 1836, P. morbillosus Boisduval 1835, P. viridiaureus Macleay 1883] LM87

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.