Omphale

Female Omphale, photographed by Charley Eiseman.

Belongs within: Entedoninae.

Omphale is a diverse cosmopolitan genus of wasps that develop as endoparasites of larvae of Cecidomyiidae gall midges (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Body varying from yellow to dark brown, rarely black; usually with faint metallic tint. Head mostly strongly collapsmg, especially face. Vertex posteriorly not carinate; eyes of medium size, eye pilosity very sparse, often indistinct. Frons with furcal grooves usually very widely diverging, scrobal grooves mostly not meeting each other, often with a membraneous area between their furcal tips and ventrally usually extending slightly below mesal margin of toruli. Lower face often with a cross-ridge or carina which may run through or slightly above upper clypeal margin. Clypeus subtriangular, trapezoidal, transverse-oval or subrectangular, shiny, even if sides of lower face are rugose-reticulate; lower clypeal margin sometimes straight, often arcuately produced, at least in one species produced margin moderately stout. Mouth of varying size but mostly broad; mandibles convex, at apex mostly with 3 teeth, lower edge in smooth arch, upper edge often with additional small but sharp teeth. Antennae weak, tapering distad; bristly, with rather sparse thin but fairly long setae in basal whorls on flagellar segments; funicle usually 3-segmented, rarely 2-segmented, if third segment is more closely applied to clava; flagellum more bristly and longer in males. Thorax shiny, smooth or alutaceous, i.e. with finely engraved reticulation the meshes of which may be lengthened in various directions. Pronotum strongly reduced, barely showing dorsally. Mesoscutum with weak notauli, these anteriorly linear and turned laterad, in posterior two-thirds replaced by expanding shallow depressions; mid lobe with two pairs of thin setae. Scutellum without grooves, mostly rounded, or slightly elongate, subpentagonal. Dorsellum narrow but distinct. Propodeum mainly smooth, not steep, slightly convex transversely, without broad supracoxal flange, often with a basal groove (along anterior margin); petiolar foramen at least one-third of propodeal breadth, often subtriangular. Metapleuron showing dorsally. Legs slender. Wings slender and with long setae, especially on marginal vein; fringe long; below marginal vein sparse pilosity which makes more conspicuous a row of long setae on ventral surface on or partly along the vein; postmarginal vein rarely shorter than the stigmal, varying to fully twice as long as the stigmal; latter short and mostly subclavate, often with a hairline. Gaster sessile, usually oval to long-lanceolate, rarely short, sparsely pilose, collapsing (not only dorsally). The longer the gaster (female) the shorter the propodeum medially.

<==Omphale Haliday 1833 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*O. salicis B88
    |--O. bicolorithorax (Girault 1915) [=Chrysocharomyia bicolorithorax] B88
    |--O. carlylei (Girault 1913) [=*Euderomyia carlylei] B88
    |--O. cyaneicorpus (Girault 1915) [=Chrysocharomyia cyaneicorpus] B88
    |--O. diocles (Walker 1839) [=Entedon (Omphale) diocles] B88
    |--O. doddi (Girault 1915) [=Chrysocharomyia doddi] B88
    |--‘Chrysocharomyia’ elegantissima Girault 1917 G17a
    |--O. elongata (Girault 1915) [=*Chrysocharomyia elongata] B88
    |--O. flavicorpus (Girault 1915) [=*Paromphale flavicorpus] B88
    |--O. inaerea (Girault 1915) [=Chrysocharomyia inaerea] B88
    |--O. mandibularis (Girault 1915) [=Chrysocharocharomyia mandibularis] B88
    |--O. multidentata (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharomyia multidentata] B88
    |--‘Chrysocharomyia’ occidentalis Girault 1916 GM79
    |--‘Chrysocharomyia’ omari Girault 1917 G17b
    |--O. pronapis (Walker 1839) [=Entedon pronapis] B88
    |--O. pulchella (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharoides pulchellus] B88
    |--O. quinquefasciata (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharella quinquefasciata] B88
    |--O. semiflavifrons (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharella semiflavifrons] B88
    |--‘Chrysocharomyia’ splendidissima Girault 1917 G17a
    |--O. sulcatiscutum (Girault 1924) [=*Raphaelonia sulcatiscutum] B88
    `--O. varinotata (Girault 1915) [=Chrysocharomyia varinotata] B88

Omphale Haliday 1833 [incl. Chrysocharomyia Dodd in Girault 1915, Euderomyia Girault 1913, Paromphale Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915, Raphaelonia Girault 1924, Secodes Förster 1856, Smaragdites Westwood 1833] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80-101).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 102-111).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Apleurotropis

Apleurotropis sp., from here.

Belongs within: Entedoninae.

Apleurotropis is a genus of wasps found in Africa and Australasia, parasitising leaf-mining insects of a range of orders (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Shiny, with extensively whitish or pale yellow legs, often including the pyriform and shiny gastral petiole. Occipital margin usually with a blunt dorsal edge, frons in front of median ocellus with a deep broad pit continuing forwards in a shallower longitudinal depression or groove ending at a frontal transverse ridge. Mesoscutum with a shortened median groove, the mid lobe with one pair of setae, the second pair being placed in the triangular nolaular depressions. Sculellum always engraved-reticulate, without grooves, the two setae removed from the hind margin. Propodeum with convex and shiny submedian areas separated by a distinct median carina, this anteriorly usually forked or abruptly ending at a deep pit, and with distinct plicae extendmg posteriorly onto the supracoxal flange where they cross the smooth deep groove which delimits the flange.

<==Apleurotropis Girault 1913 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*A. viridis Girault 1913 B88
    |--A. aeneoscutellum (Girault 1915) [=Pleurotropomyia aeneoscutellum] B88
    |--A. albipes (Girault 1913) [=*Apleurotropopseus albipes] B88
    |--A. claviviridis (Girault 1915) [=*Horismenella claviviridis] B88
    |--A. dorothea Girault 1935 B88
    |--A. grotiusi (Girault 1913) [=*Pleurotropomyia grotiusi] B88
    |--A. lacteicoxa (Girault 1915) [=Pleurotropomyia lacteicoxa] B88
    |--A. lalori Girault 1938 [incl. Cotterellia insularis Kerrich 1974, A. insularis] B88
    |--A. lamellata [=Chrysocharis lamellata, Cotterellia lamellata] B88
    |--A. mini (Girault 1937) [=*Propleurotropis mini] B88
    |--A. seditiosa (Girault 1913) [=Pleurotropomyia seditiosus] B88
    |--A. spenceri (Girault 1913) [=Pleurotropomyia spenceri] B88
    |--A. thaelmanni Girault 1934 B88
    |--A. unnotipennis (Girault 1915) [=*Epentedon unnotipennis] B88
    `--A. varicoxa (Girault 1915) [=Horismenella varicoxa] B88

Apleurotropis Girault 1913 [incl. Apleurotropopseus Girault 1913, Epentedon Girault 1915, Horismenella Girault 1915, Pleurotropomyia Girault 1913, Propleurotropis Girault 1937] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

Closterocerus

Closterocerus trifasciatus, photographed by Charley Eiseman.

Belongs within: Entedoninae.

Closterocerus is a genus of wasps parasitising small leaf-mining larvae of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Antenna black, with the scape compressed and subtriangular, expanded in distal one-third; flagellum also compressed, with short broad segments, clava with a long spicula; forewing usually with dark arcuate cross-bands which may be joined in middle, sometimes only with one band, at stigma.

<==Closterocerus Westwood 1833 [incl. Chrysocharella Girault 1913] B88
    |--*C. trifasciatus B88
    |--C. cruy (Girault 1918) [=Achrysocharella cruy] B88
    |--C. curtisi Girault 1915 B88
    |--‘Chrysocharella’ fasciatipennis Girault 1913 GM79
    |--C. mirus Girault 1913 B88
    |--C. pulcher (Girault 1913) [=*Chrysocharella pulchra, Neochrysocharella pulchra] B88
    |--C. rostandi Girault 1915 B88
    |--C. saintpierrei Girault 1913 B88
    |--C. splendens Kowalski 1917 B88
    |--C. sumae Girault 1934 B88
    |--C. trincinctus Ashmead 1888 GM79 [incl. C. winnemannae Crawford 1912 G25, GM79]
    |--C. westwoodi Girault 1915 B88
    `--C. zangwilli Girault 1913 B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G25] Girault, A. A. 1925. Indications (in new insects) of ruling power and laws in nature. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 184-186).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Pediobius

Mexican bean beetle parasite Pediobius foveolatus, from here.

Belongs within: Entedoninae.

Pediobius is a cosmopolitan wasp genus parasitising a wide range of hosts, including Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and other Hymenoptera; some species are even known from spider egg-sacs, though they are probably parasitising predatory ichneumon larvae rather than the spider eggs themselves (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Body length up to 2.6 mm; genae in facial view more or less straight, sometimes very short; segments of female flagellum mostly short; breadth of frons only rarely and only slightly greater than vertical eye diameter; forewing hyaline or nearly so; propodeum with two median carinae and between them as shiny as outside, posteriorly with distinct transverse carina, plicae almost parallel but posteriorly abruptly turning mesad in a conspicuous angle; petiole bare, distinct and sculptured, anteriorly with raised cross-crest.

<==Pediobius Walker 1846 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*P. imbreus (Walker 1846) [=Entedon (*Pediobius) imbreus] B88
    |--P. acantha (Walker 1839) [=Entedon acantha] B88
    |--P. aeneus (Girault 1913) [=Pseudacrias aeneus] B88
    |--P. agaristae (Cameron 1912) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--P. antiopa (Girault 1913) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--P. aspidomorphae (Girault 1938) [=Pseudacrias aspidomorphae] B88
    |--‘Pleurotropsis’ bifoveolatus (Ashmead 1904) GM79
    |--P. bruchicida (Rondani 1872) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--‘Pseudacrias’ carinatiscutum Girault 1917 G17b
    |--P. cariniscutum (Girault 1915) [=Amestocharis cariniscutum] B88
    |--P. chalybs (Girault 1913) [=Pseudacrias chalybs] B88
    |--P. concoloripes (Girault 1913) [=Amestocharis concoloripes] B88
    |--P. cyaneus (Girault 1913) [=*Mestocharoideus cyaneus, Mestocharis cyanea] B88
    |--P. elasmi (Ashmead 1904) [=Asecodes elasmi, Pleurotropis elasmi] B88
    |--P. epigonus (Walker 1839) [=Entedon epigonus] B88
    |--P. foveolatus (Crawford 1912) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--P. fraternus (Motschulsky 1859) [=Eulophus fraternus] B88
    |--P. fulvipes (Girault 1913) [=Amestocharis fulvipes] B88
    |--P. hallami (Girault 1920) [=*Mesentedon hallami] B88
    |--P. inexpectatus Kerrich 1973 B88
    |--‘*Epipleurotropis’ longfellowi Girault 1917 G17d
    |--P. longisetosus Kerrich 1973 B88
    |--P. micans (Girault 1913) [=*Pseudacrias micans, Pleurotropis micans] B88
    |--P. nigeriensis (Silvestri 1915) [=Pelorotelopsella nigeriensis] B88
    |--P. nigriviridis (Girault 1913) [=*Epacrias nigriviridis] B88
    |--P. nympha (Girault 1913) [=Amestocharis nympha; incl. A. nympha persimilis Girault 1915] B88
    |--P. occipitalis B88
    |--P. oophagus (Dodd 1917) [=Mestocharomyia oophaga] B88
    |--P. parvulus (Ferrière 1933) [=Pleurotropis parvulus] B88
    |--‘Amestocharis’ perdubius Girault 1917 G17c
    |--P. podagrionidis (Girault 1913) [=Mestocharis podagrionidis, Entedon podagrionidis] B88
    |--P. poeta (Girault 1934) [=Amestocharis poeta B88]
    |--P. quadricarinatus (Girault 1913) [=Pseudacrias quadricarinatus] B88
    |--‘Pleurotropis’ quercicola (Ashmead 1888) GM79 [incl. P. ashmeadi Crawford 1912 G34, GM79]
    |--P. quinquecarinatus (Girault 1915) B88 [=Pseudacrias quinquecarinatus B88, Amestocharis quinquecarinatus G35]
    |--‘Pleurotropis’ rugosithorax Crawford 1912 GM79
    |--P. salvus (Girault 1915) [=Pseudacrias salvus] B88
    |--‘Pseudacrias’ secundus Girault 1917 G17b
    |--P. silvensis (Girault 1913) [=Mestocharis silvensis] B88
    |--P. strobilicola B88
    |--P. sulcatus (Girault 1915) [=Amestocharis sulcatus] B88
    |--‘Pleurotropis’ testaceipes Crawford 1914 GM79 [=*Eupleurotropis testaceipes G17a]
    |--‘Pleurotropis’ utahensis Crawford 1913 GM79 [=*Pseudacriasoides utahensis G17c]
    |--P. veternosus (Girault 1913) [=Mestocharis veternosus] B88
    `--‘Pleurotropis’ wilderi (Howard 1892) GM79

Pediobius Walker 1846 [incl. Amestocharis Girault 1913, Chrysoatomoides Girault 1913, Cluthaira Cameron 1912, Entedonomyia Girault 1915, Entedonopseus Girault 1915, Epacrias Girault 1913, Epipleurotropis Girault 1917, Eupleurotropis Girault 1917, Heptomerus Rondani 1877, Horismenopsis Girault 1915, Mesentedon Girault 1920, Mestocharoideus Girault 1913, Mestocharomyia Girault 1915, Microterus Spinola 1811, Neopseudacrias Dodd in Girault 1915, Pleurotropis Förster 1856, Pseudacrias Girault 1913, Pseudacriasoides Girault 1917, Rhopalotus Förster 1856, Spartiophilus Rondani 1872] B88

Pediobius agaristae (Cameron 1912) [=*Cluthaira agaristae; incl. *Entedonomyia platoni Girault 1915, *Entedonopseus tricoloripes Girault 1915] B88

Pediobius antiopa (Girault 1913) [=Horismenus antiopa, *Horismenopsis antiopa; incl. *Amestocharis goondiensis Girault 1913, *Chrysoatomoides latipennis Girault 1913, Chrysoatomus latipennis, *Neopseudacrias splendidus Dodd in Girault 1915] B88

Pediobius bruchicida (Rondani 1872) [=Spartiophilus bruchicida; incl. Amestocharis mundubberae Girault 1935, Pediobius pieridis Kerrich 1973] B88

Pediobius foveolatus (Crawford 1912) [=Pleurotropis foveolatus; incl. Mestocharis lividus Girault 1913, *Mestocharomyia livida] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. Speciosissima genera nova eulophidorum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 54-58).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. New Javanese Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 59-71).

[G17c] Girault, A. A. 1917c. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80-101).

[G17d] Girault, A. A. 1917d. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 102-111).

[G34] Girault, A. A. 1934. Miridae et Hymenoptera nova Australiensis. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 308-310).

[G35] Girault, A. A. 1935. Microhymenoptera Australiensis nova, mostly Chalcididae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 315-318).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Entiinae

Female Euderus, from here.

Belongs within: Eulophidae.

The Entiinae are a group of eulophid distinguished by their combination of distinct tergites 7 and 8 on the gaster, and deep complete notauli (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988, as Euderinae): Frons often has a membraneous transverse line or area, sometimes in form of a straightened or arcuate frontal fork. Transverse groove may be connected, in T-shape, with narrow scrobal depression. Maxillary and labial palpi generally 2-segmented. Pronotum, except in some very slender forms (as Acrias, Aoridus), medially short due to deep and broad emargination of the hind margin. Mesoscutum strongly convex. Notauli always complete, as deep narrow grooves. Axillae mostly distinctly advanced. Scutellum always without submedian grooves, either extensively pilose or with 2 or 3 pairs of setae; scutellum sides with axillulae either very short, or concave, so that lateral grooves are not dorsally visible. Metapleuron anteriorly often invaginated, expands only posteriorly. Stigmal vein generally short, stigmal knob often with radiating hairlines; submarginal vein mostly not continuous with parastigma, but sometimes both are rather smoothly fused. Epipygium double; seventh tergite either separated from the eighth, or forms a short high basal ring immediately before cerci and the base of the much lower and usually much longer eighth tergite.

Entiinae [Euderinae]
    |--Acrias Walker 1847 MH11, B88 [incl. Australomphale Girault 1922 B88]
    |    |--*A. nileus B88
    |    |--A. auriceps (Girault 1922) [=*Australomphale auriceps] B88
    |    |--A. coniceps Bouček 1988 B88
    |    |--A. fascia Bouček 1988 B88
    |    `--A. varicornis (Girault 1922) [=Australomphale varicornis] B88
    `--+--Astichus Förster 1856 MH11, B88 (see below for synonymy)
       |    |--*A. arithmeticus [=Euderus arithmeticus] B88
       |    |--A. bilineatus (Girault 1915) [=*Closteromphale bilineata] B88
       |    |--A. grootaerti Bouček 1988 B88
       |    |--A. longevittatus [=A. (*Linastichus) longevittatus] B88
       |    |--A. mirissimus (Girault 1933) [=Closteromphale mirissima] B88
       |    |--A. mirus (Girault 1920) [=*Closteromyiia mirus, *C. mira] B88
       |    |--A. speciosus (Girault 1927) [=Closteromyiia speciosa] B88
       |    |--A. tauricus B88
       |    |--A. townesi B88
       |    `--A. trifasciatipennis (Girault 1913) [=*Closteroceroides trifasciatipennis] B88
       `--+--+--Bellerus MH11
          |  `--Beornia Hedqvist 1975 HB13, B88
          |       |--*B. femorata B88
          |       `--B. brevigaster Bouček 1988 B88
          `--+--Hubbardiella MH11
             `--Euderus Haliday 1844 MH11, B88 (see below for synonymy)
                  |--*E. amphis B88
                  |--E. acuminatus (Girault 1915) [=Secodella pulchra acuminata] B88
                  |--E. aeneus (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Secodella aenea] B88
                  |--E. capensis (Girault 1913) [=*Secodes capensis, *Secodoidea capensis] B88
                  |--E. diversipennis (Girault 1915) [=Secodella diversipennis] B88
                  |--E. elongatus Ashmead 1887 GM79
                  |--E. frater (Girault 1915) [=Omphalomorpha frater] B88
                  |--E. io (Girault 1929) [=Secodella io] B88
                  |--E. lineatus (Girault 1913) [=*Secodella lineata] B88
                  |--E. marilandicus Girault 1917 G17b
                  |--E. mestor (Walker 1839) [=Eulophus mestor; incl. Eul. capio Walker 1839] B88
                  |--E. ovativentris (Girault 1924) [=Secodella ovativentris] B88
                  |--E. petulans (Girault 1913) [=Secodella petulans] B88
                  |--E. pulcher (Girault 1913) [=Secodella pulchra] B88
                  |--E. repercussus (Girault 1913) [=Omphalomorpha repercussa] B88
                  |--E. rufiscapis (Girault 1913) [=Secodella rufiscapis] B88
                  |--E. sumneri (Girault 1913) [=Secodes sumneri] B88
                  |--‘*Pareuderus’ torymoides B88
                  |--E. viridis Thomson 1878 B88
                  `--E. viridulus Bouček 1988 (see below for synonymy) B88

Entiinae incertae sedis:
  Wichmannia Ruschka 1916 B88
  Opeuderus Bouček 1988 B88
    `--*O. conops Bouček 1988 B88
  Pseudosecodes Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915 B88
    `--*P. splendidus Girault 1915 B88
  Zeastichus Bouček 1988 B88
    `--*Z. asper Bouček 1988 B88
  Secodelloidea Girault 1917 B88
    `--*S. rugosa (Crawford 1915) G17a, GM79 [=Secodella rugosus G17a]
  Cortesiella DeSantis 1974 B88
    `--*C. mycetophila B88
  Aoridus Yoshimoto 1971 B88
    |--*A. campbelli B88
    `--A. scaposus Bouček 1988 B88
  Parasecodella Girault 1915 [incl. Euderastichus Bouček 1963] B88
    |--*P. dickensi Girault 1915 [incl. P. secunda Girault 1916] B88
    `--‘Euderus’ obscurus [=*Euderastichus obscurus] B88
  Allocerastichus Masi 1923 [incl. Euderinus, Stipaebia] B88
    |--*A. doderi B88
    `--A. versicolor Bouček 1988 B88

Astichus Förster 1856 MH11, B88 [incl. Closteroceroides Girault 1913 B88, Closteromphale Girault 1915 B88, Closteromyiia Girault 1920 B88, Linastichus Bouček 1963 B88]

Euderus Haliday 1844 MH11, B88 [incl. Allomphale Silvestri 1914 B88, Euderoides Yoshimoto 1971 B88, Leipocrossus Yoshimoto 1971 B88, Neoeuderus Yoshimoto 1971 B88, Omphalomorpha Girault 1913 B88, Pareuderus Ferrière 1931 B88, Secodella Girault 1913 B88, Secodes Girault 1913 non Förster 1856 B88, Secodoidea Gahan & Fagan 1923 B88]

Euderus viridulus Bouček 1988 [=*Omphalomorpha viridis Girault 1913 non Euderus viridis Thomson 1878] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. Speciosissima genera nova eulophidorum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 54-58).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Chalcidoidea nova Marilandensis. II. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 114-115).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Chrysonotomyia

Chrysonotomyia sp., from here.

Belongs within: Entedoninae.

Chrysonotomyia is a cosmopolitan genus of wasps that develop in eggs and young larvae of other insects, particularly leaf-mining and galling Diptera and Lepidoptera (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Head and thorax in general densely reticulate, mostly of distinct metallic colours, occasionally some parts rich yellow; temples usually rather narrow (if exceptionally swollen and very broad, then thorax dorsally only slightly convex and paired setae distincy, fairly long); female funicle 2-segmented, male flagellum 5-segmented, funicle usually not differentiated; frons with fork grooves, usually of X-shape; lower face without cross-crest; scutellum and scutum without pits; stigmal and postmarginal veins generally short, the latter varying from slightly shorter to slightly longor than the stigmal; stigmal vein often branches off at an angle slightly less than 60°, with the surrounding pilosity regular and fairly dense.

<==Chrysonotomyia Ashmead 1904 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*C. auripunctata [=Eulophus auripunctatus] B88
    |--‘Rhicnopeltomyia’ achrysocharoides Girault 1916 GM79
    |--‘Achrysocharella’ acuminativentris Girault 1917 G17e [=Achrysocharis acuminativentris GM79]
    |--‘Achrysocharis’ aemilia Girault 1917 G17a
    |--C. aenea (Girault 1913) [=Chrysocharella aenea, Achrysocharella aenea] B88
    |--C. aenella (Girault 1915) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--‘Achrysocharella’ aetii Girault 1917 G17c
    |--C. albifemur (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharella albifemur] B88
    |--‘Entedon’ albipes Ratzburg 1844 G17a, GM79 [=Achrysocharis darwini Girault 1917 G17a]
    |--C. ‘albipes’ (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharella albipes non Entedon albipes Ratzburg 1844] B88
    |--C. ashmeadi (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharella ashmeadi] B88
    |--‘Achrysocharis’ athanasii Girault 1917 G17e
    |--C. aurea (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharella aurea] B88
    |--C. auricorpus (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharella auricorpus] B88
    |--‘Rhicnopeltomyia’ belisarii Girault 1917 G17a
    |--C. bifasciata (Girault 1913) [=*A. bifasciatus, *Achrysocharis bifasciata] B88
    |--A. brevicornis (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharis brevicornis] B88
    |--‘Achrysocharis’ camilli Girault 1917 G17a
    |--‘Rhicnopeltomyia’ carlylei Girault 1917 G17f
    |--C. chamaeleon (Girault 1922) [=Neochrysocharella chamaeleon] B88
    |--C. clariscutellum (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharis clariscutellum] B88
    |--C. consobrina (Girault 1913) [=Chrysocharella consobrinus] B88
    |--‘Achrysocharis’ donna Girault 1917 G17d
    |--C. douglasi (Girault 1913) [=Rhicnopeltomyia douglasi] B88
    |--C. dubia (Girault 1913) [=*Achrysocharella dubia] B88
    |--C. dumasi (Girault 1915) [=Chrysocharis dumasi] B88
    |--C. fasciatipennis (Girault 1913) [=Chrysocharella fasciatipennis, Neochrysocharella fasciatipennis] B88
    |--C. foersteri (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharis foersteri] B88
    |--C. froudei (Girault 1922) [=Neochrysocharella froudei] B88
    |--‘Achrysocharis’ fullawayi Crawford 1913 GM79
    |--C. glabriscutellum (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharella glabriscutellum] B88
    |--C. grandis (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharis grandis] B88
    |--‘*Neochrysocharis’ immaculata B88
    |--C. leibnitzi (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharis leibnitzi] B88
    |--C. locustivora [=Pediobopsis locustivora] B88
    |--C. longa (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharis longus] B88
    |--C. mackayensis (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharella mackayensis] B88
    |--C. maculatipennis (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharis maculatipennis] B88
    |--C. magnifica (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharis magnifica] B88
    |--‘Rhicnopeltomyia’ marylandensis Girault 1916 GM79
    |--‘Rhicnopeltomyia’ marylandi Girault 1917 G17a
    |--C. mayri (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharis mayri] B88
    |--C. mira (Girault 1934) [=*Rubensteina mira] B88
    |--C. nigripes (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharis nigripes] B88
    |--C. niveipes (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharella niveipes, Chrysocharella niveipes] B88
    |--C. novimaculatipennis (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharis novimaculatipennis] B88
    |--‘Achrysocharella’ obscurinotata Girault 1916 GM79
    |--C. occidentalis (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharis clariscutellum occidentalis] B88
    |--C. olympus (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharella olympus] B88
    |--‘Achrysocharella’ partiaeneiceps Girault 1917 G17b
    |--‘Rhicnopeltomyia’ poeta Girault 1920 GM79
    |--C. pulcherima B88
    |--C. pulchra (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharis pulchra] B88
    |--C. pulchrella (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharella pulchrella] B88
    |--‘Achrysocharella’ punctiventris Crawford 1912 GM79
    |--C. quinquedentata (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharis quinquedentata] B88
    |--‘Achrysocharella’ silvia Girault 1917 G17c
    |--C. speciosa (Girault 1913) [=*Pseudochrysocharis speciosus, P. speciosa, Cirrospilus specialis Bouček 1988] B88
    |--C. trifasciata (Girault 1913) [=Achrysocharis trifasciatus] B88
    |--C. variclava (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharis variclava] B88
    |--C. varicolor (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharis varicolor] B88
    |--C. voltairei (Girault 1915) [=Rhicnopeltomyia voltairei] B88
    |--C. washingtoni (Girault 1913) [=*Rhicnopeltomyia washingtoni] B88
    `--C. zaommomorpha (Girault 1915) [=Achrysocharis zaommomorpha] B88

Chrysonotomyia Ashmead 1904 [incl. Achrysocharella Girault 1913, Achrysocharis Girault 1913, Neochrysocharella Dodd in Girault 1915, Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov 1912, Pseudochrysocharis Girault 1913, Rhicnopeltomyia Girault 1913, Rubensteina Girault 1934] B88

Chrysonotomyia aenella (Girault 1915) [=*Neochrysocharella aenella, Achrysocharella aenea Girault 1913 non Chrysocharella aenea Girault 1913] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. New chalcid flies. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 72-77).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. New Eulophidae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 78).

[G17c] Girault, A. A. 1917c. Two new Achrysocharellae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 79).

[G17d] Girault, A. A. 1917d. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80-101).

[G17e] Girault, A. A. 1917e. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 102-111).

[G17f] Girault, A. A. 1917f. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116-131).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Chrysolampinae

Chrysolampus schwarzi, photographed by Michael Gates.

Belongs within: Perilampidae.

The Chrysolampinae are a group of wasps distinguished from the closely related Perilampinae by their retention of a moveable prepectus. The biology of most species is uncertain, though the hosts where known are species of Coleoptera (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Antennae 13-segmented, with one anellus, but proximal funicular segments often strongly shortened and then anelliform. Supraclypeal area distinct although often vaguely delimited; clypeus well delimited. expanding downward, with stout lower margin. Both mandibles with two sharp teeth. Pronotum relatively large, not fused with prepectus; notauli complete; frenal groove generally present but sometimes obsolete, apex of scutellum with apical margin carinate and more or less produced over dorsellum, set off by admarginal groove, medially subangulate. Propodeum moslly (except Parelatus) without plicae, always without nucha. Forewing generally with long marginal vein and short stigmal vein curving into uncus. Gaster often (but not in all species) with body triquetrous, convex, owing to dorsal fusion of first and second tergite. Ovipositor never produced; cerci in ventral position. Sculpture on head and thorax never regularly raised-reticulate.

Chrysolampinae B88
    |  i. s.: Elatomorpha B88
    |         Parelatus Girault 1916 B88
    |           `--*P. ater (Girault 1915) [=Elatus ater, Chrysolampus ater] B88
    |--+--+--Brachyelatus Hoffer & Nowicky 1955 MH11, B88
    |  |  |    |--*B. viridis B88
    |  |  |    |--B. flavicornis Bouček 1988 B88
    |  |  |    `--B. masneri Bouček 1988 B88
    |  |  `--Austrotoxeuma Girault 1929 MH11, B88
    |  |       |--*A. coerulea Girault 1929 B88
    |  |       `--A. kuscheli Bouček 1988 B88
    |  `--Chrysomalla Förster 1859 MH11, B88
    |       |--*C. roseri B88
    |       |--C. hesperis HB13
    |       `--C. poeta (Girault 1929) [=Toxeumoides poeta] B88
    `--Chrysolampus Spinola 1811 MH11, B88 (see below for synonymy)
         |  i. s.: *C. splendidula [=Diplolepis splendidula] B88
         |         C. aeneicorpus (Girault 1915) [=*Toxeumoides aeneicorpus; incl. T. magnimaxillae Girault 1922] B88
         |         C. clypeatus Riek 1966 B88
         |         C. hirtus Riek 1966 B88
         |         C longigaster Riek 1966 B88
         |         C. oblongiscutellum (Girault 1922) [=*Paratoximopsis oblongiscutellum] B88
         |         C. picturatus Riek 1966 B88
         |         c. silvensis (Girault 1929) [=Toxeumoides silvensis] B88
         |         ‘*Elatus’ thenae B88
         |--C. elegans MH11
         `--+--C. schwarzi MH11
            `--C. sisymbrii MH11

Chrysolampus Spinola 1811 MH11, B88 [incl. Acroclisis Förster 1878 B88, Elatus Walker 1848 B88, Lamprostylus Förster 1856 B88, Paratoximopsis Girault 1922 B88, Toxeumoides Girault 1915 B88]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.