Echinocaridina

Fossil specimen of Paraechinocaris punctata, from the Digital Atlas of Ancient Life.

Belongs within: Archaeostraca.

The Echinocaridina are a group of phyllocarid crustaceans known from the Silurian (or possibly the Ordovician) to the early Carboniferous (Briggs et al. 1993).

Characters (from Rode & Lieberman 2002): Carapace subovate to subquadrate; anterior horn rounded or absent; posterior margin sinuous or convex. Rostrum free or absent, lacking longitudinal ridge. Carapace divided into anterior and posterior regions by distinct groove; one to five raised nodes present in anterior region. Marginal groove present on carapace and demarcating marginal rim.

Echinocaridina RL02
    |--Aristozoe Barrande 1872 FGS04 [Aristozoidae RL02]
    |    |--A. memoranda Barrande 1872 RL02 [incl. *A. amica Barrande 1868 BB61]
    |    |--A. parabolica O68
    |    `--A. porcula BWW93
    |--Ptychocarididae RL02
    |    |--Kerfornecaris Racheboeuf & Rolfe 1990 RL02
    |    |    `--K. roscanvelensis Racheboeuf & Rolfe 1990 RL02
    |    `--Ptychocaris Novák 1885 RL02
    |         `--P. novaki Copeland 1960 RL02
    `--Echinocarididae RL02
         |--Montecaridinae RL02
         |    |--Eleutherocaris whitfieldi (Clarke 1885) RL02
         |    `--Montecaris RL02
         |         |--M. antecedens Chlupáč 1960 BWW93
         |         |--M. lehmannii Jux 1960 RL02
         |         `--M. strunensis Jux 1960 RL02
         `--Echinocaridinae RL02
              |--Paraechinocaris Rode & Lieberman 2002 RL02
              |    |--*P. punctata (Hall 1863) (see below for synonymy) RL02
              |    |--P. asiatica (Reed 1908) [=Echinocaris asiatica] RL02
              |    `--P. spiniger (Racheboeuf 1998) [=Echinocaris spiniger] RL02
              `--Echinocaris Whitfield 1880 FGS04
                   |--*E. sublaevis Whitfield 1880 (see below for synonymy) RL02
                   |--E. auricula Eller 1935 RL02
                   |--E. beecheri Copeland 1960 RL02
                   |--E. castorensis Copeland 1960 RL02
                   |--E. clarkii Beecher 1902 RL02
                   |--E. condylepis Hall & Clarke 1988 RL02
                   |--E. consanguina Eller 1935 RL02
                   |--E. crosbyensis Eller 1937 RL02
                   |--E. hunanensis Han & Zhou 1993 RL02
                   |--E. multinodosa Whitfield 1880 RL02
                   |--E. multispinosis Feldmann & McKenzie 1981 RL02
                   |--E. ohioensis Sturgeon, Hlavin & Kesling 1964 RL02
                   |--E. randallii Beecher 1902 RL02
                   |--E. sloliensis Partridge 1902 RL02
                   |--E. socialis Beecher 1884 RL02
                   |--E. turgida Eller 1935 RL02
                   `--E. whidbornei (Jones & Woodward 1889) RL02

Echinocaris sublaevis Whitfield 1880 [incl. E. pulcra Sturgeon, Hlavin & Kesling 1964, E. pustulosa Whitfield 1880] RL02

Paraechinocaris punctata (Hall 1863) [=Ceratiocaris punctatus, Echinocaris punctata, Echinocaris punctatus; incl. Ceratiocaris armatus Hall 1863] RL02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[BWW93] Briggs, D. E. G., M. J. Weedon & M. A. Whyte. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea excluding Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 321–342. Chapman & Hall: London.

[FGS04] Feldmann, R. M., A. A. Garassino & C. E. Schweitzer. 2004. The presumed decapod, Palaeopemphix Gemmellaro, 1890, is a unique member of the Phyllocarida (Palaeopemphicida: Palaeopemphidae). Journal of Palaeontology 78: 340–348.

[O68] Öpik, A. A. 1968. Ordian (Cambrian) Crustacea Bradoriida of Australia. Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of National Development, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 103: 1–45.

[RL02] Rode, A. L., & B. S. Lieberman. 2002. Phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of Devonian phyllocarid crustaceans. Journal of Paleontology 76 (2): 271–286.

Cypridinidae

Left view of female Vargula norvegica, from Benson et al. (1961).

Belongs within: Myodocopida.

The Cypridinidae are a group of relatively large planktic ostracods, often over two millimetres in length.

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961, as Cypridininae): Carapace more or less strongly calcified, usually smooth; dorsal border arched, anterior margin of rostrum evenly curved or sinuous. Mostly rather large forms (more than 2 mm); sexual dimorphism weak or absent.

<==Cypridinidae [Cypridinadae, Cypridininae]
    |--Codonocera Brady 1902 BB61
    |    `--*C. cruenta Brady 1902 BB61
    |--Gigantocypris Müller 1895 BB61
    |    `--*G. agassizi Müller 1895 BB61
    |--Eocypridina Kesling & Ploch 1960 LH61
    |    `--*E. campbelli Kesling & Ploch 1960 LH61
    |--Cyprosis Jones 1881 M61, BB61
    |    `--*C. haswelli Jones 1881 BB61
    |--Azygocypridina Sylvester-Bradley 1950 [=Crossophorus Brady 1880 non Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1828] BB61
    |    |--*A. imperator (Brady 1880) [=*Crossophorus imperator] BB61
    |    `--A. gibber BB61
    |--Heterodesmus Brady 1865 [incl. Siphonostra Skogsberg 1920] BB61
    |    |--*H. adamsi Brady 1866 BB61
    |    `--H. spinifer BB61
    |--Cypridina Milne Edwards 1840 (see below for synonymy) BB61
    |    |--C. inermis [incl. *C. reynaudi Milne Edwards 1840] BB61
    |    |--C. globosa BK77
    |    `--C. homoedwardsiana S61
    `--Vargula Skogsberg 1920 BB61
         |  i. s.: V. bullae M83
         |         V. hilgendorfi (Müller 1890) HM03
         |--*V. (Vargula) norvegica (Baird 1860) [=Cypridina norvegica] BB61
         `--V. (Doloria Skogsberg 1920) BB61
              `--V. (*D.) levis (Skogsberg 1920) [=Cypridina (*D.) levis] BB61

Cypridina Milne Edwards 1840 [incl. Daphnia M’Coy 1844 non Müller 1776, Eupathistoma Brady 1898, Pyrocypris Müller 1890] BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK77] Barel, C. D. N., & P. G. N. Kramers. 1977. A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area. Zoologische Verhandelingen 156: 1–159.

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[HM03] Hanamura, Y., & M. Matsuoka. 2003. Feeding habits of the sand shrimp, Crangon uritai Hayashi & Kim, 1999, in the central Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Crustaceana 76 (8): 1017–1024.

[LH61] Levinson, S. A., & H. V. Howe. 1961. Addendum. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q421–Q422. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[M61] Moore, R. C. 1961. Supplement—USSR treatise on Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q422–Q429. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[M83] Morin, J. G. 1983. Coastal bioluminescence: patterns and functions. Bulletin of Marine Science 33 (4): 787–817.

[S61] Scott, H. W. 1961. Shell morphology of Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q21–Q37. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

Graviidae

Left view of Ceratocypris longispina, from Benson et al. (1961).

Belongs within: Ostracoda.

The Graviidae are a group of Palaeozoic ostracods characterised by a carapace with epibolic ventral margins.

<==Graviidae M61
    |--Gravia Polenova 1952 (n. d.) BB61
    |    `--*G. aculata Polenova 1952 BB61
    |--Pribylina Ivanova 1959 LH61
    |    `--*P. levis Ivanova 1959 LH61
    |--Boucekites Přibyl 1951 M61, BB61
    |    `--*B. devonicus Přibyl 1951 BB61
    |--Selebratina Polenova 1952 (n. d.) M61, BB61
    |    `--*S. dentata (Polenova 1952) [=Gravia (*Selebratina) dentata] BB61
    |--Pinnatulites Hessland 1949 M61, BB61
    |    `--*P. procera (Kummerow 1924) [=Primitiella procera] BB61
    `--Ceratocypris Poulsen 1934 M61, BB61
         |--*C. symmetrica Poulsen 1934 BB61
         `--C. longispina BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[LH61] Levinson, S. A., & H. V. Howe. 1961. Addendum. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q421–Q422. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[M61] Moore, R. C. 1961. Supplement—USSR treatise on Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q422–Q429. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

Drepanellacea

Left valve of Kirkbyella delicata, from Hoare & Merrill (2004).

Belongs within: Ostracoda.

The Drepanellacea are a group of non-dimorphic ostracods known from the Ordovician to the Permian (Whatley et al. 1993). Members of the group vary greatly in development of nodes and features of the marginal rim but are united by the existence of intermediate forms (Benson et al. 1961).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Carapace subquadrate to subrectangular, with or without marginal rim; surface smooth, pitted, or reticulate; one or more nodes present, sometimes terminated by spines; nodes rarely lobate; S₂ poorly to well defined; hingement by tongue and groove; dimorphism unknown.

<==Drepanellacea [Aechminacea, Binodicopa] BB61
    |  i. s.: Saffordellina Bassler & Kellett 1934 [=Saffordella Ulrich & Bassler 1923 non Dunbar 1920] BB61
    |           `--*S. muralis (Ulrich & Bassler 1923) [=*Saffordella muralis] BB61
    |--Spinigeritidae WSB93
    |    |--Susus sus Schallreuter 1991 WSB93
    |    `--Eocytherella Bonnema 1933 WSB93, BB61
    |         |--E. nioni Vannier 1986 WSB93
    |         |--E. smithi (Jones 1887) [=Cytherella smithi] BB61
    |         `--E. troedssoni (Bonnema 1933) [=Cytherella troedssoni, Primitia tenera Troedsson 1918 (preoc.)] BB61
    |--Kirkbyellidae BB61
    |    |--Psilokirkbyella prominens Becker & Wang 1992 WSB93
    |    `--Kirkbyella Coryell & Booth 1933 HM04
    |         |--*K. (Kirkbyella) typa Coryell & Booth 1933 BB61
    |         `--K. (Berdanella Sohn 1961) HM04
    |              |--K. (B.) delicata Hoare & Merrill 2004 HM04
    |              |--K. (B.) gutkei (Croneis & Bristol 1939) HM04
    |              `--K. (B.) quadrata (Croneis & Gutke 1939) HM04
    |--Richinidae [Circulinidae] BB61
    |    |--Rivillina schallreuteri Vannier 1983 WSB93
    |    |--Crescentilla Barrande 1872 BB61
    |    |    `--*C. pugnax Barrande 1872 BB61
    |    |--Pseudulrichia Schmidt 1941 BB61
    |    |    |--*P. bivertex (Ulrich 1879) [=Leperditia bivertex] BB61
    |    |    `--P. simplex BB61
    |    |--Richina Coryell & Malkin 1936 BB61
    |    |    |--*R. truncata Coryell & Malkin 1936 BB61
    |    |    |--R. selenicristata Stover 1956 WSB93
    |    |    `--R. zygalis BB61
    |    `--Parulrichia Schmidt 1941 BB61
    |         `--*P. diversa (Jones & Holl 1886) [=Primitia diversa] BB61
    |              |--P. d. diversa BB61
    |              `--P. d. antiqua BB61
    |--Aechminellidae BB61
    |    |--Aechminella Harlton 1933 [incl. Balantoides Morey 1935, Boursella Turner 1939] BB61
    |    |    `--*A. trispinosa Harlton 1933 BB61
    |    |--Bicornella Coryell & Cuskley 1934 BB61
    |    |    `--*B. tricornis Coryell & Cuskley 1934 BB61
    |    |--Cornigerella Warthin 1930 BB61
    |    |    `--‘Beyrichia’ tuberculospinosa Jones & Kirkby 1886 [incl. *Cornigerella minuta Warthin 1930] BB61
    |    |--Evlanovia Egorov 1950 BB61
    |    |    `--*E. tichonovitchi Egorov 1950 BB61
    |    |--Mauryella Ulrich & Bassler 1923 [incl. Verrucolsella Neave 1950, Verrucosella Croneis & Gale 1938] BB61
    |    |    `--*M. mammilata Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |    |--Milanovskya Egorov 1950 BB61
    |    |    `--*M. bicornis Egorov 1950 BB61
    |    `--Beyrichiana Kellett 1933 BB61
    |         `--*B. permiana Kellett 1933 BB61
    |--Aechminidae [Aechmininae] BB61
    |    |--Lindsayella Coryell & Williamson 1936 BB61
    |    |    `--*L. rugosa Coryell & Williamson 1936 BB61
    |    |--Sigynus Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |    `--*S. dictyotus Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |--Waldronites Coryell & Williamson 1942 [=Cornulina Coryell & Williamson 1936 non Conrad 1853] BB61
    |    |    `--*W. bispinosa (Coryell & Williamson 1936) [=*Cornulina bispinosa] BB61
    |    |--Mammoides Bradfield 1935 WSB93, BB61
    |    |    `--*M. mammilata Bradfield 1935 BB61, WSB93 [=Beyrichiana mammilata BB61]
    |    |--Aechmina Jones & Holl 1869 BB61
    |    |    |--*A. cuspidata Jones & Holl 1869 BB61
    |    |    |--A. bovina Jones 1887 [incl. A. bovina var. punctata Krause 1892] C01
    |    |    `--A. ventadorni Vannier 1986 WSB93
    |    |--Aechminaria Coryell & Williamson 1936 BB61
    |    |    |--*A. nodosa Coryell & Williamson 1936 BB61
    |    |    `--A. robusta BB61
    |    `--Paraechmina Ulrich & Bassler 1923 BB61
    |         |--*P. spinosa (Hall 1852) [=Cytherina spinosa, Beyrichia spinosa] BB61
    |         `--P. postica BB61
    |--Drepanellidae [Depranellidae, Drepanellinae, Neodrepanellinae] BB61
    |    |--Pilla sinensis (Hou 1953) WSB93
    |    |--Duplexibollia duplex (Kraus 1892) WSB93
    |    |--Drepanella Ulrich 1890 [=Depranella Ulrich 1890] BB61
    |    |    `--*D. crassinoda Ulrich 1890 BB61
    |    |--Acantonodella Zaspelova 1952 [incl. Acanthodella Howe 1955] BB61
    |    |    `--*A. terciocornuta Zaspelova 1952 BB61
    |    |--Kinnekullea Henningsmoen 1948 BB61
    |    |    `--*K. waerni Henningsmoen 1948 BB61
    |    |--Neodrepanella Zaspelova 1952 [incl. Tetracornella Zaspelova 1952] BB61
    |    |    `--*N. tricornis (Batalina 1941) [=Drepanella tricornis] BB61
    |    |--Scofieldia Ulrich & Bassler 1908 BB61
    |    |    `--*S. bilateralis (Ulrich 1894) [=Drepanella bilateralis] BB61
    |    |--Planusella Ivanova 1959 LH61
    |    |    `--*P. bicornis Ivanova 1959 LH61
    |    |--Pseudonodella Zaspelova 1952 M61, BB61
    |    |    `--*P. plana Zaspelova 1952 BB61
    |    `--Pseudonodellina Polenova 1955 M61, BB61
    |         |--*P. parvula (Polenova 1953) [=Nodella parvula] BB61
    |         |--P. rotundata BB61
    |         `--P. strelniensis BB61
    |--Bolliidae [Bolliinae, Ulrichiinae] BB61
    |    |--Klimphores kuemperi Schallreuter 1992 WSB93
    |    |--Neoulrichia pulchra Kozur 1983 WSB93
    |    |--Bichilina Sarv 1959 BB61
    |    |    `--*B. prima Sarv 1959 BB61
    |    |--Jonesites Coryell 1930 [=Placentula Jones & Holl 1886 non Lamarck 1822; incl. Placentella Wilson 1935] BB61
    |    |    `--*J. excavata (Jones & Holl 1869) [=Primitia excavata, *Placentula excavata] BB61
    |    |--Maratia Kay 1940 BB61
    |    |    `--*M. mara Kay 1940 BB61
    |    |--Tetrastorthynx Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |    `--*T. diabolicus Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |--Tmemolophus Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |    `--*T. margarotus Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |--Jonesella Ulrich 1890 M61, BB61 [incl. Melanella Wade 1911 non Bowdich 1822 BB61, Vogdesella Baker 1924 BB61]
    |    |      `--*J. crepidiformis (Ulrich 1879) [=Leperditia crepidiformis] BB61
    |    |--Kayatia Öpik 1953 M61, BB61
    |    |    `--*K. prima Öpik 1953 BB61
    |    |--Signetopsis Henningsmoen 1954 M61, BB61
    |    |    `--*S. quadrilobata Henningsmoen 1954 BB61
    |    |--Parajonesites Ivanova 1955 (n. d.) M61, BB61
    |    |    `--*P. notabilis Ivanova 1955 BB61
    |    |--Parenthatia Kay 1940 BB61
    |    |    |--*P. punctata (Ulrich 1894) [=Moorea punctata] BB61
    |    |    `--P. camerata BB61
    |    |--Ulrichia Jones 1890 [incl. Limbatula Zaspelova 1952, Warthinia Spivey 1939] BB61
    |    |    |--*U. conradi Jones 1890 BB61
    |    |    `--U. nodosa [=*Warthinia nodosa] BB61
    |    |--Xystinotus Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |    |--*X. wrighrotum Kesling 1953 BB61
    |    |    `--X. subnodatus BB61
    |    `--Bollia Jones & Holl 1886 BB61
    |         |--*B. uniflexa Jones & Holl 1886 BB61
    |         |--B. auricularis Jones 1887 C01
    |         |--B. subaequata BB61
    |         `--B. ungula BB61
    `--Quadrijugatoridae [Ceratopsinae, Quadrijugatidae] WSB93
         |--Harpabollia harparum (Troedsson 1918) WSB93
         |--Hesslandella Henningsmoen 1953 BB61 BB61
         |    `--*H. macroreticulata (Hessland 1949) [=Ctenentoma macroreticulata] BB61
         |--Protallinnella Jaanusson 1957 BB61
         |    `--*P. grewingki (Bock 1867) [=Beyrichia grewingki] BB61
         |--Pseudorakverella Sarv 1959 BB61
         |    `--*P. optata Sarv 1959 BB61
         |--Rigidella Öpik 1937 BB61
         |    `--*R. mitis (Öpik 1935) [=Steusloffia mitis] BB61
         |--Tallinnopsis Sarv 1959 BB61
         |    `--*T. calkeri (Bonnema 1909) [=Tetradella calkeri] BB61
         |--Tetrada Neckaja 1958 BB61
         |    `--*T. memorabilis (Neckaja 1953) [=Tetradella memorabilis] BB61
         |--Zygobolboides Spivey 1939 BB61
         |    `--*Z. grafensis Spivey 1939 BB61
         |--Ivaria Neckaja 1960 M61 [=Glossopsis Neckaja 1953 nec Bush 1904 nec Hessland 1949 BB61]
         |    `--*I. robusta (Hessland 1949) [=*Glossopsis robusta] M61
         |--Piretopsis Henningsmoen 1953 M61, BB61
         |    `--*P. donsi Henningsmoen 1953 BB61
         |--Quadrijugator Kesling & Hussey 1953 BB61
         |    |--*Q. permarginatus (Foerste 1917) [=Bollia permarginata] BB61
         |    `--Q. marcoi Vannier 1986 WSB93
         |--Tallinnella Öpik 1937 BB61
         |    |--*T. dimorpha Öpik 1937 BB61
         |    `--T. marchica (Krause 1889) TM02
         |--Ceratopsis Ulrich 1894 (see below for synonymy) BB61
         |    |--*C. chambersi (Miller 1875) [=Beyrichia chambersi] BB61
         |    `--C. oculifera BB61
         |--Kiesowia Ulrich & Bassler 1908 BB61
         |    |--*K. dissecta (Krause 1892) [=Beyrichia dissecta] BB61
         |    `--K. radians BB61
         |--Quadrilobella Ivanova 1955 [incl. Tetradellina Harris 1957] BB61
         |    |--*Q. recta Ivanova 1955 BB61
         |    `--Q. arpilobata BB61
         `--Ullerella Henningsmoen 1950 M61, BB61 [=Ullia Henningsmoen 1949 non Roewer 1943 BB61]
              |--*U. ulli (Dons 1949) [=*Ullia ulli] BB61
              `--U. ventroplicata BB61

Ceratopsis Ulrich 1894 [incl. Ceratella Ulrich 1890 (n. n.) nec Hook. f. 1844 (ICBN) nec Gray 1869 nec Pat. 1887 (ICBN) nec (Quél.) Bigeard & Guill. 1913 (ICBN)] BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[C01] Chapman, F. 1901. On some fossils of Wenlock age from Mulde, near Klinteberg, Gotland; with notes by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Dr. F. A. Bather. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 141–160, pl. 3.

[HM04] Hoare, R. D., & G. K. Merrill. 2004. A Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) ostracode fauna from Texas. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 185–204.

[LH61] Levinson, S. A., & H. V. Howe. 1961. Addendum. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q421–Q422. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[M61] Moore, R. C. 1961. Supplement—USSR treatise on Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q422–Q429. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[TM02] Tinn, O., & T. Meidla. 2002. An enigmatic early ?palaeocope ostracode from the Arenig of NW Russia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 685–690.

[WSB93] Whatley, R. C., D. J. Siveter & I. D. Boomer. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea: Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 343–356. Chapman & Hall: London.

Kirkbya

Right view of Kirkbya, from Benson et al. (1961).

Belongs within: Kirkbyoidea.

Kirkbya is a genus of ostracods known from Carboniferous and early Permian (Benson et al. 1961).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Elongate, greatest length at or near dorsal margin; posterior cardinal angle acute; lateral surface evenly convex or with posterior shoulder; 2 marginal rims.

<==Kirkbya Jones 1859 HM04
    |--*K. permiana (Jones 1850) [=Dithyrocaris permiana] BB61
    |--K. bellula CB86
    |--K. bendensis Harlton 1933 HM04
    |--K. canyonensis BB61
    |--K. clarocarinata Knight 1928 ZL87
    |--K. fuldaensis Shaver & Smith 1974 HM04
    |--K. inornata Roth 1929 HM04
    |--K. lessnikovae Posner 1951 S82
    |--K. ‘permiana’ (Kirkby 1858) [=Leperditia permiana non Dithyrocaris permiana Jones 1850] S82
    `--K. quadrata Robinson 1959 HM04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[CB86] Chen D.-Q. & Bao H. 1986. Lower Permian ostracodes from the Chihsia Formation of Jurong and Longtan, Jiangsu Province. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 3 (2): 107–132.

[HM04] Hoare, R. D., & G. K. Merrill. 2004. A Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) ostracode fauna from Texas. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 185–204.

[S82] Shi C.-G. 1982. Some early Carboniferous ostracodes from Nylam, Xizang (Tibet). Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 21 (3): 309–314.

[ZL87] Zhang X.-J. & Liang X.-Y. 1987. Ostracoda from the Taiyuan Formation of Xingyang and Gong Xian districts, Henan. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 4 (3): 293–312.

Primitiopsidae

Reconstruction of Primitiopsis planifrons, from Tanaka et al. (2009).

Belongs within: Ostracoda.

The Primitiopsidae are a group of ostracods known from the Ordovician to the mid-Devonian (Whatley et al. 1993).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Unisulcate (sulcus or sulcal pit corresponding to S₂) or nonsulcate; hingement may consist of median groove and corresponding ridge with lateral pits and prominences. Dimorphic, with more or less closed posterior velar chamber in heteromorphs but adventral structures may or may not be developed in tecnomorphs.

<==Primitiopsidae [Primitiopsididae]
    |  i. s.: Coryellina Bradfield 1935 WSB93, ZL87
    |           |--*C. capax Bradfield 1935 BB61
    |           `--C. indicata Sohn 1954 WSB93
    |--Polenovula Martinsson 1960 [Polenovulinae] BB61
    |    `--*P. crassa (Polenova 1955) [=Leperditellina crassa] BB61
    |--Anisocyamus Martinsson 1960 [Anisocyaminae] BB61
    |    |--*A. elegans (Harris 1957) [=Primitiopsis elegans] BB61
    |    `--A. multiperforata (Harris 1957) WSB93
    |--Leiocyaminae BB61
    |    |--Leiocyamus Martinsson 1956 BB61
    |    |    `--*L. apicatus Martinsson 1956 BB61
    |    `--Amygdalella Martinsson 1956 [=Amygalella (l. c.)] BB61
    |         `--*A. subclusa Martinsson 1956 BB61
    `--Primitiopsinae [Primitiopsiinae] BB61
         |--Clavofabella Martinsson 1955 BB61 [=Clavafabella (l. c.) M61]
         |    `--*C. incurvata Martinsson 1955 BB61
         |--Limbinaria Swartz 1956 BB61
         |    `--*L. multipunctata Swartz 1956 BB61
         |--Primitiopsella Polenova 1960 (see below for synonymy) BB61
         |    `--*P. miranda (Polenova 1955) [=*Leperditellina miranda, *Viazoviella miranda] BB61
         |--Sulcicuneus Kesling 1951 [Sulcicuneinae] BB61
         |    `--*S. porrectinatium Kesling 1951 BB61
         `--Primitiopsis Jones 1887 BB61
              |--*P. planifrons Jones 1887 BB61
              `--P. bassleri S61

Primitiopsella Polenova 1960 [=Leperditellina Polenova 1955 non Neckaja 1955, Viazoviella Martinsson 1960] BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[M61] Moore, R. C. 1961. Supplement—USSR treatise on Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q422–Q429. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[S61] Scott, H. W. 1961. Shell morphology of Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q21–Q37. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[WSB93] Whatley, R. C., D. J. Siveter & I. D. Boomer. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea: Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 343–356. Chapman & Hall: London.

[ZL87] Zhang X.-J. & Liang X.-Y. 1987. Ostracoda from the Taiyuan Formation of Xingyang and Gong Xian districts, Henan. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 4 (3): 293–312.

Polytylites

Left valve of Polytylites superus, from Hoare & Merrill (2004).

Belongs within: Kirkbyoidea.

Polytylites is a genus of ostracods known from the Carboniferous and early Permian of Eurasia and North America, characterised by a carapace with well-developed terminal nodes and without carinae flanking the median node (Benson et al. 1961).

<==Polytylites Cooper 1941 HM04
    |--*P. geniculatus Cooper 1941 BB61
    |--P. biforatus (Croneis & Thurman 1939) HM04
    |--P. digitatus BB61
    |--P. elongatus (Croneis & Bristol 1939) HM04
    |--P. nodobliquus (Croneis & Gale 1939) HM04
    |--P. nodosus (Roth 1929) HM04
    |--P. quincollinus (Harlton 1929) HM04
    |--P. subrectus Hoare & Merrill 2004 HM04
    |--P. superus (Croneis & Gale 1939) [=Amphissites superus] HM04
    `--P. trilobus (Croneis & Gale 1939) [=Amphissites trilobus] HM04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[HM04] Hoare, R. D., & G. K. Merrill. 2004. A Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) ostracode fauna from Texas. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 185–204.