Perrinitidae

Perrinites hilli, from the Peabody Museum of Natural History.

Belongs within: Ammonoidea.

The Perrinitidae are a group of ammonoids with ammonitic sutures known from the Lower and Middle Permian (Miller et al. 1957).

Characters (from Miller et al. 1957): Conch thickly subdiscoidal to subglobular and involute, umbilicus small. Sutures ammonitic with five pairs of distinctly V-shaped lateral lobes both externally and internally.

<==Perrinitidae [Paraperrinitinae, Shumarditoidea]
    |--Properrinites ZL04
    |    |--P. boesei (Plummer & Scott 1937) ZL04
    |    |--P. denhami RR79
    |    |--P. mooreae RR79
    |    `--P. nevadensis RR79
    `--+--Metaperrinites Ruzhencev 1950 (see below for synonymy) ZL04
       |    |--*M. vicinus (Miller & Furnish 1940) [=Properrinites cumminsi vicinus] ZL04
       |    |--M. involutus (Liang 1982) ZL04
       |    `--M. ishibashii Zhou & Liengjarren 2004 ZL04
       `--Perrinites Böse 1917 [incl. Perrimetanites Leonova 1983] ZL04
            |--*P. vidriensis Böse 1917 ZL04
            |--P. gouldi Miller & Furnish 1940 [=P. hilli gouldi] ZL04
            |--P. hilli (Smith 1903) ZL04
            `--P. tardus Miller & Furnish 1940 (see below for synonymy) ZL04

Metaperrinites Ruzhencev 1950 [incl. Mapirites Leonova 1983, Nepirrites Leonova 1983, Ripernites Leonova 1983, Shuangyangites Liang 1982, Shyndoceras Leonova 1983] ZL04

Perrinites tardus Miller & Furnish 1940 [=Perrinites hilli tardus, Paraperrinites tardus; incl. Perrimetanites progressus Leonova 1983] ZL04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Miller, A. K., W. M. Furnish & O. H. Schindewolf. 1957. Paleozoic Ammonoidea. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt L. Mollusca 4. Cephalopoda: Ammonoidea pp. L11–L79. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[RR79] Ross, C. A., & J. R. P. Ross. 1979. Permian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A291–A350. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[ZL04] Zhou, Z., & M. Liengjarern. 2004. Lower Permian perrinitid ammonoid faunas from Thailand. Journal of Paleontology 78: 317–339.

Cycloloboidea

Waagenoceras, from here.

Belongs within: Ammonoidea.

The Cycloloboidea are a group of discoidal to globular ammonoids known from the Upper Carboniferous to the Upper Permian (Miller et al. 1957).

Characters (from Miller et al. 1957, as Cyclolobaceae): Thickly discoidal to globular conchs, typically with small umbilici and ceratitic sutures possessing auxiliary lobes. Primitively with few auxiliary lobes; advanced forms with many auxiliary lobes, ammonitic sutures.

<==Cycloloboidea ZL04
    |--Vidrioceratidae ZL04
    |    |--Vidrioceras R79
    |    |--Glassoceras normani RR79
    |    |--Prostacheoceras Ruzhencev 1937 ZL04
    |    |    |--*P. juresanensis (Maximova 1935) [=Marathonites juresanensis] ZL04
    |    |    |--P. alter Leonova 1989 ZL04
    |    |    `--P. oshense (Toumanskaya 1938) ZL04
    |    `--Stacheoceras Gemmellaro 1887 RR79, ZL04
    |         |--S. antiquum RR79
    |         |--S. gemmellaroi RR79
    |         |--S. gordoni Miller, Furnish & Clark 1957 P68
    |         |--S. normani Miller & Furnish 1957 P68
    |         `--S. tridens RR79
    `--Cyclolobidae RR79
         |--Kufengoceras RR79
         |--Mexicoceras RR79
         |--Shengoceras RR79
         |--Krafftoceras RR79
         |--Timorites RR79
         |    |--T. curvicostatus RR79
         |    `--T. schucherti P68
         |--Cyclolobus RR79
         |    |--*C. oldhami H84
         |    |--C. kullingi RR79
         |    |--C. persulcatus RR79
         |    `--C. teicherti RR79
         `--Waagenoceras RR79
              |--W. dieneri P68
              `--W. guadelupense Girty 1908 [=W. cummingsi guadelupense] P68
                   |--W. g. guadelupense P68
                   |--W. g. smithi Miller & Furnish 1940 P68
                   `--W. g. thompsoni Miller & Furnish 1940 P68

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H84] Hyatt, A. 1883–1884. Genera of fossil cephalopods. Boston Soc. Nat. History, Proc. 22: 253–338.

Miller, A. K., W. M. Furnish & O. H. Schindewolf. 1957. Paleozoic Ammonoidea. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt L. Mollusca 4. Cephalopoda: Ammonoidea pp. L11–L79. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[P68] Purnell, L. R. 1968. Catalog of the type specimens of invertebrate fossils. Part I: Paleozoic Cephalopoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 262: 1–198.

[R79] Ross, C. A. 1979. Carboniferous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A254–A290. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[RR79] Ross, C. A., & J. R. P. Ross. 1979. Permian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A291–A350. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[ZL04] Zhou, Z., & M. Liengjarern. 2004. Lower Permian perrinitid ammonoid faunas from Thailand. Journal of Paleontology 78: 317–339.

Agathiceratidae

Agathiceras, from here.

Belongs within: Ammonoidea.

The Agathiceratide are a group of subdiscoidal to globular ammonoids known from the Upper Carboniferous to the Middle Permian (Miller et al. 1957).

Characters (from Miller et al. 1957): Conch subdiscoidal to globular, umbilicus small, test prominently longitudinally lirate. Sutures goniatitic.

<==Agathiceratidae [Paragastrioceratidae] ZL04
    |--Gaetanoceras RR79
    |--Uraloceras RR79
    |--Tumaroceras RR79
    |--Altudoceras RR79
    |--Synuraloceras RR79
    |--Strigogoniatites RR79
    |    |--S. angulatus RR79
    |    `--S. fountaini Miller & Furnish 1940 P68
    |--Pseudogastrioceras RR79
    |    |--P. altudense P68
    |    |--P. beedei P68
    |    |--P. cooperi (Miller 1945) P68
    |    |--P. mckeei Miller & Furnish 1958 P68
    |    `--P. roadense P68
    `--Agathiceras Gemmellaro 1887 [incl. Paragastrioceras Ruzhencev 1950] ZL04
         |--*A. suessi Gemmellaro 1887 ZL04
         |--A. applini P68
         |--A. ciscoense Smith 1903 P68
         |--A. girtyi P68
         |--A. mediterraneum Toumanskaya 1949 [incl. A. frechi var. ircutensis Toumonaskaya 1949] ZL04
         `--A. texanum Girty 1908 P68

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Miller, A. K., W. M. Furnish & O. H. Schindewolf. 1957. Paleozoic Ammonoidea. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt L. Mollusca 4. Cephalopoda: Ammonoidea pp. L11–L79. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[P68] Purnell, L. R. 1968. Catalog of the type specimens of invertebrate fossils. Part I: Paleozoic Cephalopoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 262: 1–198.

[RR79] Ross, C. A., & J. R. P. Ross. 1979. Permian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A291–A350. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[ZL04] Zhou, Z., & M. Liengjarern. 2004. Lower Permian perrinitid ammonoid faunas from Thailand. Journal of Paleontology 78: 317–339.

Lactobacillales

Leuconostoc mesenteroides, copyright Fred Breidt.

Belongs within: Bacilli.
Contains: Streptococcus, Lactobacillus.

The Lactobacillales are a group of acid-tolerant, low-G+C bacteria, commonly found in decomposing plants and milk products, that obtain energy through the fermentation of carbohydrates to produce lactic acid.

<==Lactobacillales
    |  i. s.: Aerococcaceae GH01
    |           |--Aerococcus GH01
    |           |--Abiotrophia GH01
    |           |--Dolosicoccus GH01
    |           |--Eremococcus GH01
    |           |--Facklamia GH01
    |           |--Globicatella GH01
    |           `--Ignavigranum GH01
    |--+--Streptococcaceae GH01
    |  |    |--Streptococcus PHK96
    |  |    `--Lactococcus lactis GH01, PHK96 [=Streptococcus lactis PHK96]
    |  |         |--L. l. ssp. lactis BD03
    |  |         |--L. l. ssp. cremoris BD03
    |  |         `--L. l. ssp. diacetilactis PHK96
    |  `--Enterococcaceae GH01
    |       |--Melissococcus GH01
    |       |--Tetragenococcus GH01
    |       |--Vagococcus salmoninarum GH01, MP95
    |       `--Enterococcus PHK96
    |            |--E. faecalis GV03
    |            |--E. faecium ALS95
    |            |--E. hirae PF99
    |            `--E. villorum Vancanneyt et al. 2001 JC08
    `--+--Carnobacteriaceae GH01
       |    |--Carnobacterium piscicola PHK96
       |    |--Agitococcus GH01
       |    |--Alloiococcus GH01
       |    |--Desemzia GH01
       |    |--Dolosigranulum GH01
       |    |--Lactosphaera GH01
       |    `--Trichococcus GH01
       `--+--Lactobacillaceae GH01
          |    |--Lactobacillus PHK96
          |    `--Pediococcus GH01
          |         |--P. cerevisiae PHK96
          |         `--P. pentosetaceus PHK96
          `--Leuconostocaceae GH01
               |--Oenococcus GH01
               |--Weissella GH01
               `--Leuconostoc PHK96
                    |  i. s.: L. cremoris PHK96
                    |         L. gasicomitatum Björkroth et al. 2001 JC08
                    |--+--L. mesenteroides PHK96
                    |  `--L. oenos PHK96
                    `--+--L. paramesenteroides PHK96
                       `--‘Lactobacillus’ viridescens PHK96

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[ALS95] Amann, R. I., W. Ludwig & K.-H. Schleifer. 1995. Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbiological Reviews 59 (1): 143–169.

[BD03] Baele, M., L. A. Devriese, M. Vancanneyt, M., Vaneechoutte, C. Snauwaert, J. Swings & F. Haesebrouck. 2003. Emended description of Streptococcus ferus isolated from pigs and rats. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 143–146.

[GH01] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001. The road map to the Manual. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 119–166. Springer.

[GV03] Goyache, J., A. I. Vela, M. D. Collins, C. Ballesteros, V. Briones, J. Moreno, P. Yorio, L. Domínguez, R. Hutson & J. F. Fernández-Garayzábal. 2003. Corynebacterium spheniscorum sp. nov., isolated from the cloacae of wild penguins. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 43–46.

[JC08] Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. 2008. Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 1755–1763.

[MP95] Maher, M., R. Palmer, F. Gannon & T. Smith. 1995. Relationship of a novel bacterial fish pathogen to Streptobacillus moniliformis and the fusobacteria group, based on 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 18: 79–84.

[PF99] Philippe, H., & P. Forterre. 1999. The rooting of the universal tree of life is not reliable. Journal of Molecular Evolution 49: 509–523.

[PHK96] Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology 3^rd ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

Lactobacillus

Lactobacillus casei, copyright AJC1.

Belongs within: Lactobacillales.

Lactobacillus is a genus of rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria found in association with animal guts and other tissues. They obtain energy through the conversion of sugars to lactic acid.

<==Lactobacillus
    |--+--+--L. iners MA03
    |  |  `--+--L. johnsonii NS03
    |  |     `--+--L. parabuchneri BV03
    |  |        `--+--L. farciminis BV03
    |  |           `--L. gasseri NS03
    |  `--+--+--L. fornicalis MA03
    |     |  `--L. jensenii MA03
    |     `--+--L. acetotolerans MA03
    |        `--+--L. delbrueckii NS03
    |           |    |--L. d. ssp. delbrueckii NS03
    |           |    |--L. d. ssp. bulgaricus NS03
    |           |    `--L. d. ssp. lactis NS03
    |           `--+--+--L. hamsteri MA03
    |              |  `--+--L. amylolyticus MA03
    |              |     `--L. intestinalis MA03
    |              `--+--+--L. acidophilus NS03
    |                 |  `--+--L. gallinarum NS03
    |                 |     `--L. helveticus MA03
    |                 `--+--L. crispatus NS03
    |                    `--+--L. amylovorus NS03
    |                       `--L. kitasatonis Mukai, Arihara et al. 2003 MA03
    `--+--L. hilgardii BV03
       `--+--L. bifermentans BV03
          `--+--+--+--L. mucosae NS03
             |  |  `--+--L. ingluviei Baele, Vancanneyt et al. 2003 BV03
             |  |     |--L. thermotolerans Niamsup, Sujaya et al. 2003 NS03
             |  |     `--L. fermentum NS03
             |  |          |--L. f. ssp. fermentum NS03
             |  |          `--L. f. ssp. cellobiosus NS03
             |  `--+--+--L. amylophilus BV03
             |     |  `--L. reuteri NS03
             |     `--+--+--L. oris NS03
             |        |  `--L. panis BV03
             |        `--+--L. pontis NS03
             |           `--+--L. frumenti BV03
             |              `--L. vaginalis NS03
             `--+--+--+--L. pentosus NS03
                |  |  `--L. plantarum NS03
                |  `--+--L. sharpeae BV03
                |     `--+--L. rhamnosus BV03 [=L. casei ssp. rhamnosus S01]
                |        |--+--L. casei BV03
                |        |  `--L. fructivorans BV03
                |        `--+--L. curvatus BV03
                |           `--+--L. graminis BV03
                |              `--L. sakei NS03
                `--+--+--L. buchneri NS03
                   |  `--L. collinoides BV03
                   `--+--L. mali NS03
                      `--+--+--L. ruminis NS03
                         |  `--+--L. alimentarius BV03
                         |     `--+--L. animalis NS03
                         |        `--L. murinus NS03
                         `--+--+--L. agilis NS03
                            |  `--+--L. brevis BV03
                            |     `--L. paracasei BV03
                            `--+--L. aviarius NS03
                               |    |--L. a. ssp. aviarius NS03
                               |    `--L. a. ssp. araffinosus NS03
                               `--L. salivarius NS03
                                    |--L. s. ssp. salivarius NS03
                                    `--L. s. ssp. salicinius NS03

Lactobacillus incertae sedis:
  L. ferintoshensis Simpson et al. 2002 JC08
  L. kandleri MP95
  L. kimchii EMV03
  L. leichmannii PHK96
  L. lindneri EMV03
  L. malefermentans EMV03
  L. mindensis Ehrmann, Müller & Vogel 2003 EMV03
  L. paralimentarius EMV03
  L. sanfranciscensis EMV03
  L. zeae A-FP-M03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A-FP-M03] Acedo-Félix, E., & G. Pérez-Martínez. 2003. Significant differences between Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei ATCC 393^T and a commonly used plasmid-cured derivative revealed by a polyphasic study. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 67–75.

[BV03] Baele, M., M. Vancanneyt, L. A. Devriese, K. Lefebvre, J. Swings & F. Haesebrouck. 2003. Lactobacillus ingluviei sp. nov., isolated from the intestinal tract of pigeons. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 133–136.

[EMV03] Ehrmann, M. A., M. R. A. Müller & R. F. Vogel. 2003. Molecular analysis of sourdough reveals Lactobacillus mindensis sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 7–13.

[JC08] Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. 2008. Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 1755–1763.

[MP95] Maher, M., R. Palmer, F. Gannon & T. Smith. 1995. Relationship of a novel bacterial fish pathogen to Streptobacillus moniliformis and the fusobacteria group, based on 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 18: 79–84.

[MA03] Mukai, T., K. Arihara, A. Ikeda, K. Nomura, F. Suzuki & H. Ohori. 2003. Lactobacillus kitasatonis sp. nov., from chicken intestine. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 2055–2059.

[NS03] Niamsup, P., I N. Sujaya, M. Tanaka, T. Sone, S. Hanada, Y. Kamagata, S. Lumyong, A. Assavanig, K. Asano, F. Tomita & A. Yokota. 2003. Lactobacillus thermotolerans sp. nov., a novel thermotolerant species isolated from chicken faeces. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 263–268.

[PHK96] Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology 3^rd ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

[S01] Sneath, P. H. A. 2001. Bacterial nomenclature. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 83–88. Springer.

Staphylococcus

False-colour electron micrograph of Staphylococcus aureus, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Belongs within: Bacilli.

Staphylococcus is a genus of coccoid, facultatively anaerobic bacteria found in a variety of habitats including the skin and other membranes of animals, and in soils. They are characterised by the production of catalase, and of grape-like clusters when in culture.

<==Staphylococcus
    |  i. s.: S. condimenti KC03
    |         S. fleurettii KC03
    |         S. nepalensis Spergser, Wieser et al. 2003 SW03
    |--+--S. sciuri KC03
    |  `--+--S. lentus KC03
    |     `--+--S. pulvereri KC03
    |        `--S. vitulinus KC03
    `--+--+--S. felis KC03
       |  `--+--+--S. lutrae KC03
       |     |  `--+--S. delphini KC03
       |     |     `--S. intermedius KC03
       |     `--+--+--S. chromogenes KC03
       |        |  `--S. hyicus KC03
       |        `--S. schleiferi KC03
       |             |--S. s. ssp. schleiferi KC03
       |             `--S. s. ssp. coagulans KC03
       `--+--S. auricularis KC03
          `--+--+--S. gallinarum KC03
             |  `--+--+--S. arlettae KC03
             |     |  `--S. cohnii KC03
             |     |       |--S. c. ssp. cohnii SW03
             |     |       `--S. c. ssp. urealyticus SW03
             |     `--+--S. saprophyticus KC03
             |        |    |--S. s. ssp. saprophyticus SW03
             |        |    `--S. s. ssp. bovis SW03
             |        `--+--S. xylosus KC03
             |           `--+--S. equorum KC03
             |              `--S. succinus KC03
             |                   |--S. s. ssp. succinus IJSEM03
             |                   `--S. s. ssp. casei Place, Hiestand et al. 2003^VP IJSEM03
             `--+--S. kloosii KC03
                `--+--S. aureus KC03
                   |    |--S. a. ssp. aureus KC03
                   |    `--S. a. ssp. anaerobius KC03
                   |--+--S. lugdunensis KC03
                   |  `--S. warneri KC03
                   |--+--+--S. simulans KC03
                   |  |  `--+--S. carnosus KC03
                   |  |     `--S. piscifermentans KC03
                   |  `--+--S. haemolyticus KC03
                   |     `--S. hominis KC03
                   |          |--S. h. ssp. hominis KC03
                   |          `--S. h. ssp. novobiosepticus KC03
                   `--+--+--S. caprae KC03
                      |  `--S. pasteuri KC03
                      `--+--S. capitis KC03
                         |    |--S. c. ssp. capitis KC03
                         |    `--S. c. ssp. urealyticus KC03
                         `--+--S. muscae KC03
                            `--+--S. epidermidis KC03
                               `--S. saccharolyticus KC03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

IJSEM. 2003. Validation list no. 89. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1–2.

Kwok, A. Y. C., & A. W. Chow. 2003. Phylogenetic study of Staphylococcus and Macrococcus species based on partial hsp60 gene sequences. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 87–92.

Spergser, J., M. Wieser, M. Täubel, R. A. Rosselló-Mora, R. Rosengarten & H.-J. Busse. 2003. Staphylococcus nepalensis sp. nov., isolated from goats of the Himalayan region. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 2007–2011.

Syntrophomonadaceae

Thermanaerovibrio acidaminovorans, from Chovatia et al. (2009).

Belongs within: Clostridium.

The Syntrophomonadaceae are a group of anaerobic bacteria that commonly grow in association with methanogens. They obtain energy through the oxidation of carboxylic acids, normally producing hydrogen or formate as a waste product which is then utilised by their methanogenic symbiotes.

Syntrophomonadaceae
    |--Syntrophomonas wolfei GH01a, MP95
    |--Acetogenium GH01a
    |--Aminobacterium GH01a
    |--Aminomonas paucivorans GH01a, GH01b
    |--Anaerobaculum thermoterrenum GH01a, GH01b
    |--Anaerobranca gottschalkii Prowe & Antranikian 2001 GH01a, JC08
    |--Caldicellulosiruptor GH01a
    |--Syntrophospora GH01a
    |--Thermaerobacter GH01a
    |--Thermanaerovibrio acidaminovorans GH01a, GH01b
    |--Thermohydrogenium GH01a
    |--Thermosyntropha GH01a
    `--Dethiosulfovibrio peptidovorans GH01a, GH01b

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[GH01a] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001a. The road map to the Manual. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 119–166. Springer.

[GH01b] Garrity, G. M., & J. G. Holt. 2001b. Phylum BIX. Deferribacteres phy. nov. In: Boone, D. R., R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity (eds) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed. vol. 1. The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria pp. 465–471. Springer.

[JG08] Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. 2008. Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 1755–1763.

[MP95] Maher, M., R. Palmer, F. Gannon & T. Smith. 1995. Relationship of a novel bacterial fish pathogen to Streptobacillus moniliformis and the fusobacteria group, based on 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 18: 79–84.