Centropagidae

Male Boeckella gracilipes, from here.

Belongs within: Copepoda.

The Centropagidae are a group of pelagic copepods found in both fresh and salt water.

Characters (from J. M. Bradford-Grieve): Female with rostrum with 2 filaments; rostral margin not extended. Cephalosome and pedigerous somite 1 separate; pedigerous somites 4 and 5 separate. Posterior corners of prosome in lateral view bluntly rounded, or with 1 acute point, or divided into 2 protrusions; dorsal view symmetrical, or asymmetrical. Urosome with 3 free somites, or with 4 free somites. Genital double-somite asymmetrical in dorsal view; gonopores close together and totally covered by single genital operculum; without seminal receptacles. Caudal rami symmetrical. Antenna 1 with 24-25 free segments; ancestral segments X and XI partly fused. Antenna 2 exopod with 6-7 free segments; 10-11 setae; basis and endopod separate. Mandible basis with 4 setae; endopod terminal segment with 7-9 setae. Maxilla 1 basal exite seta present; exopod extends short of endopod distal border. Maxilla 2 coxal epipodite seta absent; endopod setae normal, or claw-like. Maxilliped coxal endite 2 with 3 setae. Leg 1 basis inner distal seta inserted directly on surface of joint; outer seta absent; endopod with 3 segments; exopod with 3 segments; exopod segment 1 with outer distal spine, or without outer distal spine; exopod segment 3 with 4 inner setae. Leg 2 endopod with 3 segments; exopod with 3 segments; exopod segment 3 with 2 outer spines, or with 3 outer spines. Leg 3 basis outer distal spine absent; endopod segment 3 with 5-8 setae. Legs 3 and 4 endopod with 3 segments; exopod with 3 segments; exopod segment 3 with 2 outer spines, or 3 outer spines; exopod segment 3 with 5 inner setae. Leg 4 endopod segment 3 with 4-7 setae. Legs 2-4 surfaces naked; terminal spine with outer border serrated. Leg 5 present; similar to legs 2-4; coxa inner border without seta; exopod segment 2 inner distal border extended into large spine completely fused to segment. Leg 5 exopod segment 3 outer border with 2 spines; inner border with 2 setae, or 4 setae. Male with urosome symmetrical in dorsal view, or asymmetrical in dorsal view. Mouthparts well-developed. Antenna 1 geniculate on right. Maxilliped endopod segments 5 and 6 with outer setae normal. Right leg 5 uniramous, or biramous; endopod 2-segmented, or 3-segmented; exopod 1-3-segmented, may be similar to other legs or may be highly modified into grasping organ. Left leg 5 uniramous, or biramous; endopod 2-segmented, or 3-segmented; exopod 2-3-segmented, may be similar to other legs or may be highly modified.

<==Centropagidae
    |--Pseudoboeckella F45
    |--Hemiboeckella searli Sars 1912 F45
    |--Eurytemora D01
    |    |--E. affinus K-M02
    |    |--E. herdmani B26
    |    `--E. velox D01
    |--Gladioferens Henry 1919 N44
    |    |--G. brevicornis Henry 1919 N44
    |    |--G. gracilis Kiefer 1931 N44
    |    |--G. inermis Nicholls 1944 N44
    |    |--G. pectinatus (Brady 1899) [=Centropages pectinatus] N44
    |    |--G. spinosus Henry 1919 N44
    |    `--G. subsalaria Percival 1937 N44
    |--Centropages Kroyer 1849 F44
    |    |--C. australiensis Fairbridge 1944 F44
    |    |--C. bradyi (Wheeler 1901) B26
    |    |--C. dorsispinatus ZS10
    |    |--C. hamatus (Lilljeborg 1853) F44
    |    |--C. kroyeri (Giesbrecht 1892) F44
    |    |--C. longicornis (Mori 1932) F44
    |    |--C. ponticus (Karawiew 1895) F44
    |    `--C. typicus (Kroyer 1848) F44
    |--Brunella Smith 1909 N44
    |    |--*B. tasmanica Smith 1909 N44
    |    |--B. ampulla Searle 1911 N44
    |    |--B. australis Searle 1911 N44
    |    |--B. expansa Sars 1912 N44
    |    |--B. longicornis Searle 1912 N44
    |    |--B. salina Nicholls 1944 N44
    |    |--B. steeli Henry 1924 N44
    |    `--B. viridis Searle 1911 N44
    `--Boeckella Deguerne & Richard 1889 F45
         |--B. ambigua Percival 1937 F45
         |--B. asymmetrica Searle 1914 F45
         |--B. bergi Richard 1897 [incl. B. bergi var. cornuta Brehm 1937, B. bergi var. serrifera Brehm 1937] F45
         |--B. coronaria Henry 1922 F45
         |--B. delicata Percival 1937 F45
         |--B. dentifera Brehm 1935 F45
         |--B. fluvialis Henry 1922 F45
         |--B. gracilipes Daday 1901 F45
         |--B. gracilis Daday 1902 F45
         |--B. hamata Brehm 1928 F45
         |--B. insignis Smith 1909 F45
         |--B. lacuna Fairbridge 1945 F45
         |--B. longiseta Smith 1909 F45
         |--B. major Searle 1938 F45
         |--B. meteoris Kiefer 1927 F45
         |--B. michaelseni Mrazek 1901 F45
         |--B. minuta Sars 1896 F45
         |--B. nyoraensis Searle 1912 F45
         |--B. occidentalis Marsh 1906 F45
         |--B. opaqua Fairbridge 1945 F45
         |--B. orientalis Sars 1903 F45
         |--B. pellucida Fairbridge 1945 F45
         |--B. poopoensis Marsh 1906 F45
         |--B. propinqua Sars 1904 F45
         |--B. pseudocheles Searle 1912 F45
         |--B. rahmi Brehm 1935 F45
         |--B. robusta Sars 1896 F45
         |--B. rubra Smith 1909 F45
         |--B. saycei Sars 1908 F45
         |--B. symmetrica Sars 1908 F45
         |--B. tenera Sars 1912 F45
         `--B. triarticulata Thompson 1883 (see below for synonymy) F45

Boeckella triarticulata Thompson 1883 [incl. B. triarticulata var. oblonga Brehm 1939, B. triarticulata var. quarta Brehm 1939, B. triarticulata var. sarsi Brehm 1939] F45

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B26] Bigelow, H. B. 1926. Plankton of the offshore waters of the Gulf of Maine. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries 40 (2): 1–509.

[D01] Daday, E. 1901. Édesvizi mikroszkópi állatok [Mikroskopische Süsswasserthiere]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 375–470. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[F44] Fairbridge, W. S. 1944. Marine copepods from Western Australia. Series II. Two pelagic copepods from Cockburn Sound. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 28: 209–217.

[F45] Fairbridge, W. S. 1945. West Australian fresh-water calanoids (Copepoda). I.–Three new species of Boeckella, with an account of the developmental stages of B. opaqua n. sp. and a key to the genus. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 29: 25–65.

[K-M02] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002. Temperate basses. Family Moronidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3^rd ed. pp. 374–389. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[N44] Nicholls, A. G. 1944. Littoral Copepoda from South Australia. (II) Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Notodelphyoida, Monstrilloida and Caligoida. Records of the South Australian Museum 8 (1): 1–62.

[ZS10] Zhang, G.-T., S. Sun, Z.-L. Xu & Q.-L. Zhang. 2010. Unexpected dominance of the subtropical copepod Temora turbinata in the temperate Changjiang River estuary and its possible causes. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 100–102. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Diaptomidae

Diaptomus sp., from the United States Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory.

Belongs within: Copepoda.

The Diaptomidae are a group of pelagic freshwater copepods.

Characters (from J. M. Bradford-Grieve): Female with rostrum without filaments; rostral margin extends into 2 points. Cephalosome and pedigerous somite 1 separate; pedigerous somites 4 and 5 separate. Posterior corners of prosome in lateral view with 1 acute point, or divided into 2 protrusions; dorsal view symmetrical. Urosome with 2 free somites, or with 3 free somites. Genital double-somite symmetrical in dorsal view; gonopores close together and partially covered by single cuticular flap; without seminal receptacles. Caudal rami symmetrical. Antenna 1 with 25 free segments. Antenna 2 exopod with 7 free segments; 12 setae; basis and endopod separate. Mandible basis with 3 setae; endopod terminal segment with 8 setae. Maxilla 1 basal exite seta present; exopod extends short of endopod distal border. Maxilla 2 coxal epipodite seta absent. Maxilliped coxal endite 2 with 2 setae. Leg 1 basis inner distal seta absent; outer seta absent; endopod with 2 segments; exopod with 3 segments; exopod segment 1 with outer distal spine; exopod segment 3 with 4 inner setae. Leg 2 endopod with 3 segments; exopod with 3 segments; exopod segment 3 with 1 outer spine. Leg 3 basis outer distal spine absent. Legs 3 and 4 endopod with 3 segments; exopod with 3 segments; exopod segment 3 with 1 outer spine; exopod segment 3 with 5 inner setae. Leg 4 endopod segment 3 with 7 setae. Legs 2-4 surfaces naked; terminal spine with outer border serrated. Leg 5 present; very dissimilar from legs 2-4; coxa inner border without seta; biramous but not natatory, may be slightly asymmetrical; coxae and intercoxal sclerite fused with outer distal tooth; basis with outer border seta; endopods 1-segmented, rod shaped; exopods 3-segmented, segment 1 cylindrical and unornamented, segment 2 tooth-like with inner border denticles and outer spinule, terminal segment very small and inserted subterminally bearing about 2 spinules. Male with pedigerous somites 4 and 5 fused or partly fused, or separate. Posterior corners of prosome in dorsal view symmetrical, or asymmetrical. Mouthparts well-developed. Antenna 1 geniculate on right. Maxilliped endopod segments 5 and 6 with outer setae normal. Right leg 5 biramous; endopod separate from basis and 1-segmented, or 2-segmented; exopod elongate, 3-segmented, segment 1 with outer distal spine, segment 2 with long spine on outer proximal border and sometimes additional spines and process, segment 3 curved, elongate and spine-like. Left leg 5 biramous; endopod 1-segmented, or 2-segmented; exopod short, 2-segmented, segment 1 naked, segment 2 very small with a few terminal spines.

<==Diaptomidae [Pseudodiaptomidae]
    |--Speodiaptominae B86
    |    |--Speodiaptomus Borutsky 1962 B86
    |    |    `--S. birsteini Borutsky 1962 B86
    |    `--Troglodiaptomus Petkovsky 1978 B86
    |         `--T. sketi Petkovsky 1978 B86
    `--Diaptominae B86
         |--Anadiaptomus Brehm 1952 B86
         |    `--A. poseidon [incl. A. poseidon var. spelaea Brehm 1953] B86
         |--Argyrodiaptomus Brehm 1933 B86
         |    `--A. cavernicolax Shen & Tai 1965 B86
         |--Microdiaptomus Osorio Tafall 1942 B86
         |    `--M. cokeri Osorio Tafall 1942 B86
         |--Notodiaptomus Kiefer 1936 B86
         |    `--N. caperatus Bowman 1979 B86
         |--Spelaeodiaptomus Dussart 1970 B86
         |    `--S. rouchi Dussart 1970 B86
         |--Stygodiaptomus Petkovski 1981 B86
         |    `--S. kieferi Petkovski 1981 B86
         `--Diaptomus D01
              |--D. asiaticus D01
              |--D. castor D37
              |--D. coeruleus D01
              |--D. denticornis D01
              |--D. gracilis D01
              |--D. minutus B68
              |--D. sanguineus R96
              |--D. spinosus D01
              `--D. zichyi Daday 1901 D01

Diaptomidae incertae sedis:
  Arctodiaptomus dorsalis (Marsh 1907) S-MR03
  Leptodiaptomus novamexicanus (Herrick 1895) S-MR03
  Mastigodiaptomus S-MR03
    |--M. albuquerquensis (Herrick 1895) S-MR03
    |--M. maya Suárez-Morales & Elías-Gutiérrez 2000 S-MR03
    |--M. nesus Bowman 1986 S-MR03
    |--M. reidae Suárez-Morales & Elías-Gutiérrez 2000 S-MR03
    `--M. texensis (Wilson 1953) S-MR03
  Poppella N44
  Pseudodiaptomus Herrick 1884 S-MR03, N44
    |--P. cornutus Nicholls 1944 N44
    |--P. marshi Wright 1936 S-MR03
    `--P. salinus N44

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B86] Bowman, T. E. 1986. Copepoda: Calanoida. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 295–298. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[B68] Brooks, J. L. 1968. The effects of prey size selection by lake planktivores. Systematic Zoology 17 (3): 273–291.

[D01] Daday, E. 1901. Édesvizi mikroszkópi állatok [Mikroskopische Süsswasserthiere]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 375–470. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[D37] Dobzhansky, T. 1937. Genetics and the Origin of Species. Columbia University Press: New York.

[N44] Nicholls, A. G. 1944. Littoral Copepoda from South Australia. (II) Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Notodelphyoida, Monstrilloida and Caligoida. Records of the South Australian Museum 8 (1): 1–62.

[R96] Roff, D. A. 1996. The evolution of threshold traits in animals. Quarterly Review of Biology 71 (1): 3–35.

[S-MR03] Suárez-Morales, E., & J. W. Reid. 2003. An updated checklist of the continental copepod fauna of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, with notes on its regional associations. Crustaceana 76 (8): 977–991.

Cyclops

Cyclops sp., copyright David Nicholls.

Belongs within: Cyclopidae.

Cyclops is a cosmopolitan genus of freshwater copepods characterised by well-defined, angular epimeres on the anterior segments of the body, giving the sides a more or less jagged appearance, and a rudimentary last pair of legs (Sars 1913a).

Characters (from Sars 1913a): Anterior division of body moderately tumid, generally more tapered behind than in front; lateral parts of three anterior trunk segments well defined, sub-angular behind; last trunk segment more or less produced laterally. Tail slender and attenuated, genital segment in female more or less dilated in front. Anterior antennae of varying length, more generally composed of 17 well defined joints, though in some cases, by concrescence, their number may be considerably reduced; those in male strongly hinged, with terminal section distinctly biarticulate. Posterior antennae with all 4 joints well defined, the 1st carrying at the end posteriorly a long ciliated seta. Rudimentary palp of mandibles carrying 2 very long and densely plumose setae accompanied by a short bristle. Maxillary palp scarcely extending beyond masticatory lobe, provided outside near base with 4 ciliated setae, 3 of which issue from a slight expansion of the margin. Anterior maxillipeds moderately strong, with 1st basal joint generally subdivided in the middle, provided anteriorly with a small rounded lobe carrying 2 plumose setae; digitiform lobe issuing from end of this joint anteriorly comparatively small, with none of the setae unguiform. Posterior maxillipeds much more slender, composed of 4 well-defined joints. Natatory legs with both rami generally 3-articulate, though in some cases, by an imperfect separation of the 2 outer joints, one or other of them, or all, may be only biarticulate; inner ramus of 4th pair with 2 apical spines. Last pair of legs very small, generally not extended laterally, composed of 2 joints, the proximal of which in some cases may be coalesced with the corresponding segment, distal joint not expanded, and carrying a slender apical seta and a short lateral spine. Seminal receptacle in female of comparatively simple structure, being generally transversely oval in shape.

Cyclops Müller 1776 BR05
    |--C. abyssicola S13b
    |--C. abyssorum Sars 1863 E75 [=C. strenuus abyssorum E75; incl. C. strenuus var. tenuipes S13b]
    |    |--C. a. abyssorum E75
    |    |--C. a. apenninae Lindberg 1956 E75
    |    |--C. a. bodanus Kiefer 1954 [=C. rubens bodanus, C. strenuus bodanus] E75
    |    |--C. a. bohemicus (Sramek-Husek 1937) E75
    |    |--C. a. carinthicus Lindberg 1955 E75
    |    |--C. a. corsicanus (Lindberg 1955) [=C. rubens corsicanus] E75
    |    |--C. a. divergens Lindberg 1936 E75
    |    |--C. a. divulsus Lindberg 1956 E75
    |    |--C. a. gracilipes (Sars 1903) E75 [=C. strenuus var. gracilipes S13]
    |    |--C. a. laevis (Losito 1902) E75
    |    |--C. a. larianus (Stella 1934) E75
    |    |--C. a. maiorus Lindberg 1957 [incl. C. abyssorum f. resiae Stella 1934] E75
    |    |--C. a. mauritaniae (Lindberg 1950) E75
    |    |--C. a. medianus (Lindberg 1949) E75
    |    |--C. a. novarensis Einsle 1968 E75
    |    |--C. a. paternonis Lindberg 1956 [=C. rubens paternonis] E75
    |    |--C. a. prealpinus (Kiefer 1939) E75
    |    |--C. a. sevani (Mechkova 1947) E75
    |    |--C. a. sibiricus (Lindberg 1949) [=C. rubens sibiricus] E75
    |    |--C. a. tatricus (Kozminski 1927) [incl. C. tatricus tovelanus (Baldi 1941)] E75
    |    `--C. a. vranae (Kozminski 1927) E75
    |--C. arnaudi S13b
    |--C. attenuatus S13b
    |--C. bicolor S13b
    |--C. bisetosus S13b
    |--C. bohater Kozminski 1933 E75
    |--C. caeruleus [=Monoculus caeruleus] L02
    |--C. capillatus S13b
    |--C. captivus [=Monoculus captivus] L02
    |--C. chelifer [=Monoculus chelifer] L02
    |--C. claviger [=Monoculus claviger] L02
    |--C. columbianus Lindberg 1956 E75
    |--C. crassicaudis S13b
    |--C. cunningtoni S13b
    |--C. curticornis L02
    |--C. dengizica [=C. diaphanus var. dengizica] S13b
    |--C. diaphanus S13b [incl. Monoculus minutus L02, C. minutus S13b, C. nanus S13b]
    |--C. furcifer Claus 1857 E75
    |    |--C. f. furcifer E75
    |    |--C. f. borealis E75
    |    `--C. f. caspicus E75
    |--C. gigas [incl. C. ingens] S13b
    |--C. hutchinsoni Kiefer 1936 E75
    |--C. insignis Claus 1857 E75
    |--C. kolensis Lilljeborg 1901 E75
    |--C. lacinulatus L02
    |--C. lacustris Sars 1863 E75
    |--C. ladakanus Kiefer 1936 E75
    |--C. languidus S13b
    |--C. longicornis [=Monoculus longicornis; incl. C. finmarchius] L02
    |--C. lucidulus [incl. C. elongatus, C. parcus, C. vernalis] S13b
    |--C. minuticornis L02
    |--C. ochridanus Kiefer 1932 E75
    |--C. pachycomus S13b
    |--C. pictus S18
    |--C. pulchellus [incl. C. bicuspidatus, C. helgolandicus, C. lubbocki, C. odessanus] S13b
    |--C. robustus [incl. C. brevispinosus] S13b
    |--C. scmirnovi Rylov 1948 E75
    |--C. scutifer Sars 1863 E75
    |    |--C. s. scutifer E75
    |    |--C. s. laurenticus (Lindberg 1956) E75
    |    |--C. s. scandinavicus (Lindberg 1957) E75
    |    `--C. s. wigrensis Kozminski 1927 E75
    |--C. strenuus Fischer 1851 E75 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--C. s. strenuus E75
    |    `--C. s. landei Kozminski 1933 E75
    |--C. thomasi S13b [=C. bicuspidatus thomasi K-M02]
    |--C. varicans [incl. C. orientalis, C. rubellus] S13b
    |--C. vicinus Uljanin 1875 [incl. C. v. var. glacialis] E75
    |    |--C. v. vicinus E75
    |    |--C. v. brevicornis E75
    |    |--C. v. kikuchii E75
    |    `--C. v. lobosus E75
    `--C. vulgaris [incl. C. viridis var. americana, Monoculus quadricornis viridis, C. viridis] S13b

Cyclops strenuus Fischer 1851 E75 [incl. C. brevicaudatus S13a, C. clausi S13a, Monoculus quadricornis Linnaeus 1758 L58, C. quadricornis S13a, M. quadricornis rubens S13a, C. rubens L02]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[E75] Einsle, U. 1975. Revision der Gattuung Cyclops s. str. speziell der abyssorum-Gruppe. Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia 32: 57–219.

[K-M02] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002. Temperate basses. Family Moronidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3^rd ed. pp. 374–389. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802b. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 4. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[S13a] Sars, G. O. 1913a. An Account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species vol. 6. Copepoda. Cyclopoida pts 1–2. Oithonidae, Cyclopinidae, Cyclopidae (part). Bergen Museum: Bergen.

[S13b] Sars, G. O. 1913b. An Account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species vol. 6. Copepoda. Cyclopoida pts 3–4. Cyclopidae (continued). Bergen Museum: Bergen.

[S18] Sars, G. O. 1918. An Account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species vol. 6. Copepoda. Cyclopoida pts 11–12. Lichomolgidae (concluded), Oncaeidae, Corycaeidae, Ergasilidae, Clausiidae, Eunicicolidae, supplement. Bergen Museum: Bergen.

Chydoridae

Alona affinis, copyright Päule.

Belongs within: Anomopoda.

The Chydoridae are a group of benthic cladocerans with setae on the endite of the second trunk limb modified for scraping algae.

<==Chydoridae
    |  i. s.: Rak obtusus P05
    |--Chydorinae CC02
    |    |--Dunhevedia crassa King 1853 CC02
    |    `--Chydorus CC02
    |         |--C. globosus D01
    |         |--C. sphaericus (Muller 1776) CC02
    |         `--C. ventricosus Daday 1898 CC02
    `--Aloninae CC02
         |--Leydigia acanthocercoides (Fischer 1854) CC02
         |--Kurzia latissima (Kurz 1875) CC02
         |--Euryalona orientalis (Daday 1898) CC02
         |--Oxyurella CC02
         |    |--O. singalensis (Daday 1898) CC02
         |    `--O. tenuicaudis (Sars 1862) CC02
         `--Alona CC02
              |--A. acanthocercoides D01
              |--A. affinis D01
              |--A. bessei D86
              |--A. costata D01
              |--A. davidi Richard 1895 CC02
              |    |--A. d. davidi CC02
              |    `--A. d. punctata (Daday 1898) CC02
              |--A. guttata D86
              |--A. lineata D01
              |--A. phreatica D86
              |--A. protzi D86
              |--A. pulchella King 1853 CC02
              |--A. quadrangularis D01
              |--A. rostrata D01
              |--A. smirnovi D86
              |--A. tenuicaudis D01
              `--A. testudinaria D01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CC02] Chandrasekhar, S. V. A., & T. Chatterjee. 2002. Cladoceran fauna of Malda district, West Bengal. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 99 (3): 467–470.

[D01] Daday, E. 1901. Édesvizi mikroszkópi állatok [Mikroskopische Süsswasserthiere]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 375–470. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[D86] Dumont, H. J. 1986. Cladocera. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 263–264. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[P05] Pinder, A. M. 2005. A review of biodiversity in wetlands with organic sediments on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, with an emphasis on aquatic invertebrates. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (3): 129–132.

Oniscidae

Hanoniscus sp., from Bennelongia.

Belongs within: Crinocheta.

The Oniscidae are a group of terrestrial isopods with a well-developed frontal line across the head.

Characters (from Vandel 1973): Cephalon with strongly marked frontal line, with three projecting frontal lobes, one medial and two lateral; supra-antennal line generally well developed, sometimes reduced or absent. Pleurepimeres with ovoid glandular fields, usually small in size, rarely elongated. Pleon continuing directly into pereion without interruption; neopleura large, spreading, falciform. Antennal flagellum consisting of three articles. Endite of maxilliped without penicil. Genital apophysis simple, not bifurcated.

<==Oniscidae [Oniscinae]
    |--Oroniscus V73
    |--Strouhaloniscus V73
    |--Metoponorthus M90
    |    |--M. orientalis D01
    |    `--M. sinensis Dollfus 1901 D01
    |--Phalloniscus Budde-Lund 1908 V73, B35
    |    |--*P. punctatus (Thomson 1879) [=Oniscus punctatus] B35
    |    |--P. armatus Bowley 1935 B35
    |    |--P. chiltoni Bowley 1935 B35
    |    `--P. kenepurensis (Chilton 1901) [=Oniscus kenepurensis] B35
    |--Oniscus Linnaeus 1758 BP03
    |    |--O. asellus Linnaeus 1761 BP03 [incl. O. affinis Say 1818 H47]
    |    |--O. asilus Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |    |--O. entomon Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |    |--O. physodes Linnaeus 1758 L58
    |    `--O. scopulorum Linnaeus 1758 L58
    `--Hanoniscus Budde-Lund 1912 V73
         |--*H. tuberculatus Budde-Lund 1912 [=Phalloniscus (*Hanoniscus) tuberculatus] B35
         |--H. ashtoni Vandel 1973 V73
         |--H. monodi (Bowley 1935) V73 [=Phalloniscus (Hanoniscus) monodi B35]
         |--H. myrmecophilus (Baker 1913) [=Oniscus myrmecophilus] V73
         |--H. nichollsi (Bowley 1935) V73 [=Phalloniscus (Hanoniscus) nichollsi B35]
         `--H. orientalis Vandel 1973 V73

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B35] Bowley, E. A. 1935. A survey of the oniscoid genus Phalloniscus Budde-Lund, with a description of new species. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 21: 45–73.

[BP03] Brandt, A., & G. C. B. Poore. 2003. Higher classification of the flabelliferan and related Isopoda based on a reappraisal of relationships. Invertebrate Systematics 17: 893–923.

[D01] Dollfus, A. 1901. Isopodák [Isopodes]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 371–374. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[H47] Hatch, M. H. 1947. The Chelifera and Isopoda of Washington and adjacent regions. University of Washington Publications in Biology 10 (5): 155–274.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[M90] Muchmore, W. B. 1990. Terrestrial Isopoda. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 805–817. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[V73] Vandel, A. 1973. Les isopodes terrestres de l'Australie. Étude systématique et biogéographique. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Série A, Zoologie 82: 1–171.

Lestoidea

Common flatwing Austroargiolestes icteromelas, copyright James Niland.

Belongs within: Zygoptera.

The Lestoidea are a group of mostly green damselflies with wing venation including aligned postnodal and postsubnodal crossveins. Many species, including members of the families Synlestidae and Megapodagrionidae, characteristically hold the wings spread at rest (Theischinger & Hawking 2006).

<==Lestoidea [Lestomorpha] RP02
    |--Perilestidae RD77
    |--Chlorolestidae RD77
    |--Cretacoenagrion RJ93 [Cretacoenagrionidae RP02]
    |    `--C. alleni Jarzembowski 1990 RJ93
    |--Chorismagrion TH06 [Chorismagrionidae, Chorismagrioninae WO91]
    |    `--C. risi Morton 1914 TH06
    |--Synlestidae [Synlestinae] WO91
    |    |--Phylolestes L88
    |    |--Episynlestes TH06
    |    |    |--E. albicauda (Tillyard 1913) TH06
    |    |    |--E. cristatus Watson & Moulds 1977 TH06
    |    |    `--E. intermedius Theischinger & Watson 1985 TH06
    |    `--Synlestes TH06
    |         |--S. selysi Tillyard 1917 TH06
    |         |--S. tropicus Tillyard 1917 TH06
    |         `--S. weyersii Seleys 1869 TH06
    |              |--S. w. weyersii TH06
    |              |--S. w. nigrescens TH06
    |              `--S. w. tillyardi TH06
    |--Lestidae TH06
    |    |--Lestes TH06 [Lestinae WO91]
    |    |    |--L. concinnus Hagen 1862 TH06
    |    |    |--L. nympha K01
    |    |    |--L. praemorsa SL89
    |    |    `--L. sponsa (Hansemann 1823) FB03
    |    `--Sympecmatinae WO91
    |         |--Sympecma RD77
    |         |    |--S. fusca RD77
    |         |    `--S. paedisca RD77
    |         |--Indolestes WO91
    |         |    |--I. alleni (Tillyard 1913) TH06
    |         |    |--I. boninensis Asahina 1952 I92
    |         |    |--I. obiri Watson 1979 TH06
    |         |    `--I. tenuissimus (Tillyard 1906) TH06
    |         `--Austrolestes WO91
    |              |--A. aleison Watson & Moulds 1979 TH06
    |              |--A. analis (Rambur 1842) TH06
    |              |--A. annulosus (Selys 1862) TH06
    |              |--A. aridus (Tillyard 1908) TH06
    |              |--A. cingulatus (Burmeister 1839) TH06
    |              |--A. colensonis (White 1846) HL02
    |              |--A. insularis Tillyard 1913 TH06
    |              |--A. io (Selys 1862) TH06
    |              |--A. leda (Selys 1862) TH06
    |              |--A. minjerriba Watson 1979 TH06
    |              `--A. psyche (Hagen 1862) TH06
    `--Megapodagrionidae [Megapodogrionidae] WO91
         |  i. s.: Miniargiolestes minimus (Tillyard 1908) TH06
         |         Archiargiolestes TH06
         |           |--A. parvulus (Watson 1977) TH06
         |           |--A. pusillissimus Kennedy 1925 TH06
         |           `--A. pusillus (Tillyard 1908) TH06
         |         Griseargiolestes TH06
         |           |--G. albescens (Tillyard 1913) TH06
         |           |--G. bucki Theischinger 1998 TH06
         |           |--G. eboracus (Tillyard 1913) TH06
         |           |--G. fontanus (Tillyard 1913) TH06
         |           |--G. griseus (Hagen 1862) TH06
         |           |--G. intermedius (Tillyard 1913) TH06
         |           `--G. metallicus (Sjöstedt 1917) TH06
         `--Argiolestinae WO91
              |--Podopteryx selysi (Förster 1899) WO91, TH06
              |--Argiolestes WO91
              |    |--A. alpinus OW74
              |    |--A. griseus O70
              |    |--A. icteromelas O70
              |    |    |--A. i. icteromelas O70
              |    |    `--A. i. nobilis O70
              |    |--A. minimus ASD05
              |    `--A. pusillus WO91
              `--Austroargiolestes WO91
                   |--A. alpinus (Tillyard 1913) TH06
                   |--A. amabilis (Förster 1899) TH06
                   |--A. aureus (Tillyard 1916) TH06
                   |--A. brookhousei Theischinger & O’Farrell 1986 TH06
                   |--A. calcaris (Fraser 1958) TH06
                   |--A. christine Theischinger & O’Farrell 1986 TH06
                   |--A. chrysoides (Tillyard 1913) TH06
                   |--A. elke Theischinger & O’Farrell 1986 TH06
                   |--A. icteromelas (Selys 1862) TH06
                   |    |--A. i. icteromelas TH06
                   |    `--A. i. nigrolabiatus TH06
                   `--A. isabellae Theischinger & O’Farrell 1986 TH06

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[ASD05] Armstrong, K. N., A. W. Storey & P. M. Davies. 2005. Effects of catchment clearing and sedimentation on macroinvertebrate communities of cobble habitat in freshwater streams of southwestern Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (1): 1–11.

[FB03] Fleck, G., G. Bechly, X. Martínez-Delclòs, E. Jarzembowski, R. Coram & A. Nel. 2003. Phylogeny and classification of the Stenophlebioptera (Odonata: Epiproctophora). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 39 (1): 55–93.

[HL02] Haacks, M., & A. Lehmann. 2002. Some observations on dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) throughout New Zealand. Weta 24: 13–17.

[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.

[K01] Klapálek, F. 1901. Neuropteroidák [Neuropteroiden]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 203–221. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[L88] Liebherr, J. K. 1988. General patterns in West Indian insects, and graphical biogeographic analysis of some circum-Caribbean Platynus beetles (Carabidae). Systematic Zoology 37 (4): 385–409.

[O70] O’Farrell, A. F. 1970. Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 241–261. Melbourne University Press.

[OW74] O’Farrell, A. F., & J. A. L. Watson. 1974. Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers. Supplement 1974 pp. 35–36.Melbourne University Press.

[RP02] Rasnitsyn, A. P., & L. N. Pritykina. 2002. Superorder Libellulidea Laicharting, 1781. Order Odonata Fabricius, 1792. The dragonflies. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 97–104. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[SL89] Selys Longchamps, E. de. 1889. Odonates de Sumatra comprenant les espèces recueillies à Pulo Nias par M. le D.^r E. Modigliani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 444–484.

[TH06] Theischinger, G., & J. Hawking. 2006. The Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).

[WO91] Watson, J. A. L., & A. F. O’Farrell. 1991. Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 294–310. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

Last updated: 30 May 2022.