Cosmetidae

Eupoecilaema magnum, copyright Rich Hoyer.

Belongs within: Grassatores.
Contains: Gryne, Cynorta, Erginulus, Meterginus, Paecilaema, Metalibitia, Vonones, Eucynortella, Cosmetus, Metarhaucus, Cynortula, Flirtea, Eucynortula, Eucynorta, Litoralia, Metavononoides, Cynortoides.

The Cosmetidae are a diverse family of short-legged harvestmen found in the Americas, characterised by a strongly depressed eyemound and spatulate pedipalps. The classification of the family remains poorly established, and many genera are not definitively characterised.

Characters (from Kury & Pinto-da-Rocha 2007): Body length 3–12 mm long, leg IV 4–54 mm long. Dorsum with dorsal scutum widest at area II or III. Ocularium very low, saddle-shaped, placed on middle of prosoma. Ozopores slitlike, one opening partially covered by tubercle of coxa II. Scutal areas often indistinct; scutum and tergites typically weakly armed (sometimes area III or IV or free tergites with strong spines or tubercles or fused spines; anal operculum sometimes with stout apophyses; scutum normally covered with minute granules. Body can be extremely elongate. Coxa IV usually entirely visible or more rarely partially visible on dorsal view. Venter with coxa I possessing ventrally a notch for the locking of pedipalpal trochanter, forming a channel flanked by apophyses. Chelicerae: rear margin of basichelicerite with plenty of teeth and spines or smooth. Pedipalps: Coxa very short, trochanter much longer than wide, clavate; femur strongly compressed laterally with serrate ventral margin sometimes also on dorsal. Tibia spoon shaped, mesally concave, expanded ectally, very weakly armed with ventral setae in all extensions or on distal half; tarsus shorter than tibia with two rows of thin or thick ventral setae, claw slightly curved. Pedipalps covering frontal part of chelicerae, mainly the tibia, as a scutum. Nymphs with pedipalp longer than in adults (especially patella and tarsus), slender, and cylindrical. Legs short and thick with or without tubercles or smooth, long, and thin. Male coxa IV with small process on apex. Distitarsus I with three to four tarsomeres, II with three to five. Tarsi III–IV densely covered by short setae; claws III–IV parallel, smooth or pectinate. Penis standard gonyleptoid, very conservative, with rectangular ventral plate, puffed sac-glans, and well-developed thumb-like dorsal process. Distal margin of ventral plate straight to concave. Dorsal group of setae always present; ventral group of setae lacking in several genera. Stylus bent in apex with barbed crest of serrate projections in almost all species, sometimes slender and cylindrical. Ventral process occasionally present. Colour: Pattern of dorsal scutum, free tergites, and legs from reddish to blackish brown, with variable shapes of whitish, yellowish, or even greenish patches made of wax over exocuticle, produced by glands probably on cuticle. Metatarsus sometimes with darker ring patches. Sexual dimorphism may be present in chelicerae swollen in males, or in femur and tibia IV thickened and with rows of similar spines in males. Some genera possess a male basitarsus I thickened. Females with genital operculum wider than in males.

Cosmetidae [Cosmetides, Cosmetoidae, Palpinidae]
    |  i. s.: Palpinus Pickard-Cambridge 1905 (n. d.) [=Palpipes (l. c.)] K03
    |           `--P. laevis Pickard-Cambridge 1905 (n. d.) [=Palpipes levis (l. c.)] K03
    |--Discosomaticinae [Discosominae, Protinae] K03
    |    |--Gryne K03
    |    |--Paragryne Roewer 1912 K03
    |    |    `--*P. quadrimaculata Roewer 1912 K03
    |    |--Sibambea Roewer 1917 K03
    |    |    `--*S. rotunda Roewer 1917 K03
    |    |--Bodunius Mello-Leitão 1935 K03
    |    |    `--*B. biocellatus Mello-Leitão 1935 K03
    |    |--Fortalezius Roewer 1947 K03
    |    |    `--*F. excellens Roewer 1947 K03
    |    |--Roquettea Mello-Leitão 1931 [incl. Tetracyphus Sørensen 1932 non Chevrolat 1881] K03
    |    |    `--*R. singularis Mello-Leitão 1931 [incl. *Tetracyphus mirabilis Sørensen 1932] K03
    |    |--Protus Simon 1879 K03
    |    |    |--*P. insolens Simon 1879 K03
    |    |    `--P. ornatus Roewer 1912 K03
    |    |--Discosomaticus Roewer 1923 [=Discosoma Perty 1833 non Leuckart 1828, Discosominana Strand 1942] K03
    |    |    |--*D. cinctus (Perty 1833) [=*Discosoma cinctum, Cosmetus cinctus, *Discosominana cincta] K03
    |    |    |--D. distinctus Avram & Soares 1983 K03
    |    |    `--D. sturmi Roewer 1963 K03
    |    |--Metagryne Roewer 1912 [=Metagyne (l. c.)] K03
    |    |    |--*M. ferruginea Roewer 1912 K03
    |    |    |--M. albireticulata Roewer 1952 K03
    |    |    |--M. bicolumnata Roewer 1959 K03
    |    |    `--M. elegans Roewer 1947 K03
    |    `--Paraprotus Roewer 1912 K03
    |         |--*P. atroluteus Roewer 1912 K03
    |         |--P. albithorax Roewer 1947 K03
    |         |--P. quadripunctatus Roewer 1947 K03
    |         `--P. speciosus Roewer 1927 K03
    `--Cosmetinae [Cynortinae] K03
         |--Cynorta K03
         |--Erginulus K03
         |--Meterginus K03
         |--Paecilaema K03
         |--Metalibitia K03
         |--Vonones K03
         |--Eucynortella K03
         |--Cosmetus K03
         |--Metarhaucus K03
         |--Cynortula K03
         |--Flirtea K03
         |--Eucynortula K03
         |--Eucynorta K03
         |--Litoralia K03
         |--Metavononoides K03
         |--Cynortoides K03
         |--Holovonones Roewer 1912 (see below for synonymy) K03
         |    `--*H. compressus (Pickard-Cambridge 1904) (see below for synonymy) K03
         |--Neorhaucus Pickard-Cambridge 1905 K03
         |    `--*N. aurolineatus Pickard-Cambridge 1905 K03
         |--Vononoides Roewer 1912 K03
         |    `--*V. unimaculatus Roewer 1912 K03
         |--Rhaucus Simon 1879 K03
         |    `--*R. vulneratus Simon 1879 [=Raucus (l. c.) vulneratus] K03
         |--Acritas Sørensen 1932 K03
         |    `--*A. bilineatus Sørensen 1932 K03
         |--Ambatoiella Mello-Leitão 1943 K03
         |    `--*A. vigilans Mello-Leitão 1943 K03
         |--Spongaobaria Özdikmen 2008 [=Baria González-Sponga 1993 non Karsch 1896] O08
         |    `--*S. neblinensis (González-Sponga 1993) [=*Baria neblinensis] O08
         |--Bokwina Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 K03
         |    `--*B. sandersoni Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 [=Vonones sandersoni] K03
         |--Brachylibitia Mello-Leitão 1941 K03
         |    `--*B. ectroxantha Mello-Leitão 1941 K03
         |--Calicynorta Goodnight & Goodnight 1943 K03
         |    `--*C. bimaculata (Banks 1893) (see below for synonymy) K03
         |--Caracarana Roewer 1956 K03
         |    `--*C. inermis Roewer 1956 K03
         |--Caurimare González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |    `--*C. pustulosa González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |--Chinchipea Roewer 1952 K03
         |    `--*C. bicurvata Roewer 1952 K03
         |--Chusgonobius Roewer 1952 K03
         |    `--*C. weyrauchi Roewer 1952 K03
         |--Colima Goodnight & Goodnight 1945 K03
         |    `--*C. multimaculata Goodnight & Goodnight 1945 K03
         |--Corosalia González-Sponga 1998 K03
         |    `--*C. tigrina González-Sponga 1998 K03
         |--Cumbalia Roewer 1963 K03
         |    `--*C. octomaculata Roewer 1963 K03
         |--Cynortellula Roewer 1925 K03
         |    `--*C. bimaculata Roewer 1925 K03
         |--Cynortetta Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--*C. rugosa Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Cynortoperna Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--*C. albornata Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Cynortoplus Roewer 1925 K03
         |    `--*C. albimaculatus Roewer 1925 K03
         |--Cynortopyga Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--*C. h-album Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Denticynorta Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--*D. denticus (Walker 1928) K03, KA-Z11 [=Metacynorta denticus K03, D. dentica K03, Vonones dentica K03]
         |--Elleriana Kury 2003 [=Elleria Piza 1947 non Raymond 1944] K03
         |    `--*E. bilunata (Piza 1947) [=*Elleria bilunata] K03
         |--Eugnidia Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--*E. clavifemur Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Ferkeria Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--*F. vestita Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Forfexia González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |    `--*F. marmorata González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |--Frizellia Mello-Leitão 1941 K03
         |    `--*F. gentilia Mello-Leitão 1941 K03
         |--Peruana Özdikmen 2008 [=Gnidiella Roewer 1957 non Parker 1949] O08
         |    `--*P. picta (Roewer 1957) [=*Gnidiella picta] O08
         |--Guatopia González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |    `--*G. clorofilica González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |--Gueroma Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |    `--*G. lineata Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |--Libitiella Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--*L. bipunctata (Sørensen 1932) [=Libitia bipunctata] K03
         |--Maniapure González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |    `--*M. glabra González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |--Megarhaucus Mello-Leitão 1941 K03
         |    `--*M. robustus Mello-Leitão 1941 K03
         |--Messatana Strand 1942 K03 [=Messa Mello-Leitão 1933 non Leach 1917 KA-Z11]
         |    `--*M. scalaris (Sørensen 1932) [=Libitia (*Messa) scalaris] K03
         |--Michella Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |    `--*M. hoogstraali Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |--Moselabius Roewer 1956 K03
         |    `--*M. albipunctatus Roewer 1956 K03
         |--Namballeus Roewer 1952 K03
         |    `--*N. signifer Roewer 1952 K03
         |--Opisthopristis Roewer 1952 K03
         |    `--*O. singularis Roewer 1952 K03
         |--Paracynorta Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |    `--*P. confluens (Chamberlin 1925) [=Cynorta confluens] K03
         |--Paramessa Mello-Leitão 1933 K03
         |    `--*P. castanea (Sørensen 1932) [=Libitia (Messa) castanea, Messatana castanea] K03
         |--Pebasia Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--*P. singularis Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Pelechucia Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--*P. flava Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Praelibitia Roewer 1956 K03
         |    `--*P. titicaca Roewer 1956 K03
         |--Prasiana Strand 1942 K03[=Prasia Mello-Leitão 1933 non Stål 1863 KA-Z11]
         |    `--*P. fallax (Sørensen 1932) [=Cynorta (*Prasia) fallax] KA-Z11
         |--Prosontes Goodnight & Goodnight 1945 K03
         |    `--*P. phalattes Goodnight & Goodnight 1945 K03
         |--Pygocynorta Roewer 1925 K03
         |    `--*P. festae Roewer 1925 K03
         |--Reimoserius Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--*R. albipictus Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Rhauculanus Roewer 1928 K03, KA-Z11
         |    `--*R. lineolatus Roewer 1928 K03, KA-Z11
         |--Rhauculus Roewer 1928 K03, KA-Z11
         |    `--*R. insignitus Roewer 1928 K03, KA-Z11
         |--Socotabius Roewer 1957 K03
         |    `--*S. pachytarsus Roewer 1957 K03
         |--Sphalerocynorta Mello-Leitão 1933 K03
         |    `--*S. ambigua (Sørensen 1932) [=Cynorta ambigua] K03
         |--Syncynorta Roewer 1947 [=Synacynorta (l. c.)] K03
         |    `--*S. longipes Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Tajumulcia Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 K03
         |    `--*T. plana Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 K03
         |--Tobotanus Roewer 1957 K03
         |    `--*T. bisignatus Roewer 1957 K03
         |--Trinimontius Šilhavý 1970 K03
         |    `--*T. darlingtoni Šilhavý 1970 K03
         |--Vononella Roewer 1925 K03
         |    `--*V. maculata Roewer 1925 K03
         |--Vononissus Roewer 1956 K03
         |    `--*V. silvestris Roewer 1956 K03
         |--Vononula Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--*V. singularis Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Zaraxolia Strand 1942 KA-Z11 (see below for synonymy)
         |    `--*Z. devians (Sørensen 1932) KA-Z11 (see below for synonymy)
         |--Arucillus Šilhavý 1971 K03
         |    |--*A. hispaniolicus Šilhavý 1971 PGV03
         |    `--A. armasi Pérez González & Vasconcelos 2003 PGV03
         |--Heterovonones Roewer 1912 K03
         |    |--*H. incrassatus (Pickard-Cambridge 1904) (see below for synonymy) K03
         |    `--H. insularis Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Erginoides Pickard-Cambridge 1904 K03
         |    |--*E. tarsalis Pickard-Cambridge 1904 K03
         |    `--E. punctatus Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |--Proerginus Roewer 1917 K03
         |    |--*P. lineatus Roewer 1917 K03
         |    `--P. andinus Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Libitia Simon 1879 [=Libita (l. c.)] K03
         |    |--*L. cordata (Gervais 1874) (see below for synonymy) K03
         |    `--L. fusca Simon 1879 K03
         |--Gnidia Koch 1839 K03
         |    |--*G. bipunctata (Perty 1833) [=Cosmetus bipunctatus, Cynorta bipunctata non Cambridge 1904] K03
         |    `--G. holmbergi (Sørensen 1884) [=Cosmetus holmbergii, Cynorta holmbergi] K03
         |--Cynortellina Roewer 1915 [=Cynrtellina (l. c.)] K03
         |    |--*C. lineata Roewer 1915 K03
         |    `--C. ornata Roewer 1917 K03
         |--Acantholibitia Mello-Leitão 1928 [=Acantholibita (l. c.)] K03
         |    |--*A. pustulosa Mello-Leitão 1928 K03
         |    `--A. armata Mello-Leitão 1928 K03
         |--Anduzeia González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |    |--*A. punctata (Sørensen 1932) [=Paecilaema punctatum, Cynorta punctata] K03
         |    `--A. maculisplena González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |--Boneta Goodnight & Goodnight 1944 K03
         |    |--*B. bilineata Goodnight & Goodnight 1944 K03
         |    `--B. pulchra Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Chirinosbius Roewer 1952 K03
         |    |--*C. poecilis Roewer 1952 K03
         |    `--C. simplex Roewer 1959 K03
         |--Cocholla Roewer 1928 K03, KA-Z11
         |    |--*C. simoni Roewer 1928 K03, KA-Z11
         |    `--C. circulata Roewer 1959 K03
         |--Cynortesta Roewer 1947 K03
         |    |--*C. granulata Roewer 1947 [=Cynorta granulata] K03
         |    `--C. laevis Roewer 1947 [=Cynorta laevis] K03
         |--Cynortosoma Roewer 1947 K03
         |    |--*C. reticulatum Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--C. cuneatum Roewer 1963 [=C. cuneata] K03
         |--Erginiperna Roewer 1947 K03
         |    |--*E. mexicana Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--E. manifesta Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Guaricia González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |    |--*G. guagoensis González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |    `--G. terepaimana González-Sponga 1992 [=G. terepaimanus] K03
         |--Libitiosoma Roewer 1947 K03
         |    |--*L. granulatum Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--L. bolivianum Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Oligovonones Caporiacco 1951 K03
         |    |--*O. brunneus Caporiacco 1951 K03
         |    `--O. mucubajiensis González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |--Poala Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |    |--*P. granulosa Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |    `--P. mexicana (Banks 1898) [=Cynorta mexicana, Eucynortula mexicana] K03
         |--Puerilia González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |    |--*P. psittacoides González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |    `--P. melloleitaoi (Caporiacco 1951) [=Metavononoides melloleitaoi] K03
         |--Vononana Roewer 1928 K03, KA-Z11
         |    |--*V. peruviana (Chamberlin 1916) [=Paravonones peruvianus] K03
         |    `--V. conspersa Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Vononesta Roewer 1947 K03
         |    |--*V. biangulata Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--V. sexpunctata Roewer 1959 K03
         |--Metavonones Pickard-Cambridge 1904 K03
         |    |--*M. hispidus Cambridge 1904 K03
         |    |--M. bisignatus Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--M. glaber Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Eulibitia Roewer 1912 K03
         |    |--*E. maculata Roewer 1912 K03
         |    |--E. annulipes Roewer 1912 K03
         |    `--E. sexpunctata Roewer 1919 K03
         |--Acromares Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |    |--*A. banksi Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |    |--A. lateralis Goodnight & Goodnight 1943 K03
         |    `--A. vittatum Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |--Platycynorta Mello-Leitão 1933 K03
         |    |--*P. depressa (Sørensen 1932) [=Cynorta depressa] K03
         |    |--P. clavifemur Roewer 1957 K03
         |    `--P. secunda Roewer 1947 K03
         |--Platymessa Mello-Leitão 1941 [=Platimessa (l. c.)] K03
         |    |--*P. h-inscriptum Mello-Leitão 1941 K03, KA-Z11 [=Cynorta h-inscripta K03, P. h-inscripta K03]
         |    |--P. nigrolimbata Mello-Leitão 1941 K03
         |    `--P. transversalis Roewer 1963 K03
         |--Neocynorta Roewer 1915 K03
         |    |--*N. virescens Roewer 1915 (see below for synonymy) K03
         |    |--N. m-inscripta Mello-Leitão 1939 K03
         |    |--N. olivacea (Roewer 1947) [=Zaraxolia olivacea, Paecilaema olivacea] K03
         |    `--N. varicellosa Mello-Leitão 1944 K03
         |--Rhaucoides Roewer 1912 [incl. Pararhauculus Mello-Leitão 1939 non Roewer 1933] K03
         |    |--*R. ornatus Roewer 1912 K03
         |    |--R. festae Roewer 1925 [incl. *Pararhauculus sulfureus Mello-Leitao 1939] K03
         |    |--R. marmoratus Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--R. riveti Roewer 1919 K03
         |--Paravonones Pickard-Cambridge 1904 K03
         |    |--*P. biserratus Pickard-Cambridge 1904 K03
         |    |--P. claviger Pickard-Cambridge 1904 K03
         |    |--P. quadratus Pickard-Cambridge 1904 K03
         |    `--P. simplicipes Roewer 1954 K03
         |--Kevonones Chamberlin 1925 K03
         |    |--*K. mexicanus (Banks 1898) [=Erginus mexicanus, Rhaucus mexicanus, Vonones mexicana] K03
         |    |--K. chamberlini Caporiacco 1951 K03
         |    |--K. irazus Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |    `--K. luteomaculatus Roewer 1957 K03
         |--Paecilaemana Roewer 1928 K03, KA-Z11 [=Poecilaemana (l. c.) K03]
         |    |--*P. halonata Roewer 1928 K03, KA-Z11
         |    |--P. crux Roewer 1928 KA-Z11
         |    |--P. quadripunctata Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 (see below for synonymy) K03
         |    `--P. reimoseri Roewer 1933 K03
         |--Szczurekia González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |    |--*S. dianae González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |    |--S. frigida González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |    |--S. petrae González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |    `--S. virginis González-Sponga 1992 K03
         |--Eucynortoides Roewer 1912 K03
         |    |--*E. maculata Roewer 1912 K03, KA-Z11, K03 [=E. maculatus K03]
         |    |--E. albicans Mello-Leitão 1941 [incl. E. quinquedentatus Mello-Leitão 1942] K03
         |    |--E. antillarum Roewer 1947 K03
         |    |--E. brasiliensis Roewer 1916 K03
         |    `--E. parvula (Banks 1909) KA-Z11, K03 (see below for synonymy)
         |--Metacynorta Pickard-Cambridge 1904 [incl. Tonalia Roewer 1963] K03
         |    |--*M. gracilipes Pickard-Cambridge 1904 (see below for synonymy) K03
         |    |--M. bella Roewer 1963 K03
         |    |--M. bimaculata Roewer 1947 K03
         |    |--M. longipes (Goodnight & Goodnight 1942) (see below for synonymy) K03
         |    |--M. spinofemoralis (Goodnight & Goodnight 1953) [=Vonones spinofemoralis] K03
         |    `--M. vokesi Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 [=Cynorta vokesi, Vonones vokesi] K03
         |--Poecilaemula Roewer 1912 [=Paecilaemula (l. c.)] K03
         |    |--*P. signata (Banks 1909) (see below for synonymy) K03
         |    |--P. lavarrei Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |    |--P. metatarsalis Roewer 1915 [=Paecilaema metatarsalis, Paecilaemula (l. c.) metatarsalis] K03
         |    |--P. moniliata Roewer 1927 K03
         |    |--P. peruviana Roewer 1947 K03
         |    `--P. smaragdula Mello-Leitão 1941 K03
         |--Metacynortoides Roewer 1912 [incl. Neocynortoides Roewer 1916] K03
         |    |--*M. scabrosa (Banks 1909) K03, KA-Z11, K03 [=Cynorta scabrosa K03, M. scabrosus K03]
         |    |--M. bilineata Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 KA-Z11, K03 [=M. bilineatus K03]
         |    |--M. obscura (Banks 1901) KA-Z11, K03 [=Cynorta obscura K03, M. obscurus K03, Neocynortoides obscura K03]
         |    |    |--M. o. obscura K03
         |    |    `--M. o. dorsalis (Roewer 1916) [=*Neocynortoides dorsalis, N. obscura dorsalis] K03
         |    |--M. romana Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 KA-Z11, K03 [=M. romanus K03]
         |    `--M. transversalis Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
         |--Cynortellana Roewer 1923 [=Cynortella Roewer 1912 non Duvivier 1891] K03
         |    |--*C. quadrimaculata (Gervais 1844) (see below for synonymy) K03
         |    |--C. affinis Caporiacco 1947 K03
         |    |--C. bisignata (Banks 1909) [=Cynorta bisignata, Cynortella bisignata] K03
         |    |--C. lagenaria (Perty 1833) [=Cosmetus lagenarius, Cynorta lagenaria, Cynortella lagenaria] K03
         |    |--C. oculata (Banks 1914) (see below for synonymy) K03
         |    |--C. peruviana Roewer 1963 K03
         |    `--C. pulchra Mello-Leitão 1928 K03
         `--Eupoecilaema Roewer 1917 [=Eupacilema (l. c.), Eupaecilaema (l. c.)] K03
              |--*E. ornatum Roewer 1917 [=Eupaecilaema (l. c.) ornatum] K03
              |--E. lacteatum Roewer 1927 [=Eupaecilaema lacteatum] K03
              |--E. magnum Roewer 1933 K03
              |--E. megaypsilon Piza 1938 [=Eupaecilaema megaypsilon] K03
              |--E. notatum Roewer 1927 [=Eupaecilaema notatum] K03
              |--E. panamaense Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 [=Eupaecilaema panamaensis] K03
              |--E. perducens Roewer 1947 [=Eupaecilaema perducens] K03
              `--E. quadriovale Roewer 1947 [=Eupaecilaema quadriovale] K03

*Calicynorta bimaculata (Banks 1893) [=Cynorta bimaculata, Eucynortella bimaculata, Vonones bimaculata, V. bimaculatus] K03

Cynortellana oculata (Banks 1914) [=Cynorta oculata, Cynortula oculata; incl. Cynortellana circulata Roewer 1933] K03

*Cynortellana quadrimaculata (Gervais 1844) [=Cosmetus quadrimaculatus, Cynortellana g-maculata (l. c.), Cynorta quadrimaculata, Cynortella quadrimaculata] K03

Eucynortoides parvula (Banks 1909) KA-Z11, K03 [=Erginus parvulus K03, Erginulus parvulus K03, Eucynortoides parvulus K03]

*Heterovonones incrassatus (Pickard-Cambridge 1904) [=Paravonones incrassatus, Vonones incrassatus; incl. P. schneirlai Goodnight & Goodnight 1946] K03

Holovonones Roewer 1912 [incl. Disvonones Goodnight & Goodnight 1944, Tecavonones Goodnight & Goodnight 1944] K03

*Holovonones compressus (Pickard-Cambridge 1904) [=Paravonones compressus, Vonones compressus; incl. *Disvonones albilineatus Goodnight & Goodnight 1944, D. albiornatus Goodnight & Goodnight 1944, D. bilineata Goodnight & Goodnight 1944, *Tecavonones clavipes Goodnight & Goodnight 1944] K03

*Libitia cordata (Gervais 1874) [=Cosmetus cordatus; incl. Phalangium fuscoferrugineum Olivier 1792 (n. o.?), Gonyleptes multimaculatus Wood 1869, Cranaus multimaculatus] K03

*Metacynorta gracilipes Pickard-Cambridge 1904 [=Vonones gracilipes; incl. Libitiodes (l. c. for Libitioides) petrunkevitchi Goodnight & Goodnight 1942, *Tonalia petrunkevitchi, Vonones petrunkevitchi] K03

Metacynorta longipes (Goodnight & Goodnight 1942) [=Libitiodes (l. c. for Libitioides) longipes, Tonalia longipes, Vonones longipes] K03

*Neocynorta virescens Roewer 1915 [incl. Zarax aenescens Sørensen 1932, Zaraxolia aenescens, Paecilaema aenescens] K03

Paecilaemana quadripunctata Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 [=Paecilaemana quadripuncta (l. c.), Paecilaemella quadripunctata] K03

*Poecilaemula signata (Banks 1909) [=Meterginus signatus, Paecilaemula signata, Poecilaemula signatum (l. c.)] K03

Zaraxolia Strand 1942 KA-Z11 [=Zarax Sørensen 1932 nec Pascoe 1867 nec Fruhstorfer 1914 KA-Z11, Zaraxes Roewer 1947 K03]

*Zaraxolia devians (Sørensen 1932) KA-Z11 [=*Zarax devians KA-Z11, Paecilaema devians K03, *Zaraxes devians KA-Z11]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[K03] Kury, A. B. 2003. Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, volumen especial monográfico 1: 1–337.

[KA-Z11] Kury, A. B., & M. A. Alonso-Zarazaga. 2011. Addenda and corrigenda to the "Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones)". Zootaxa 3034: 47–68.

Kury, A. B., & R. Pinto-da-Rocha. 2007. Cosmetidae Koch, 1839. In: Pinto-da-Rocha, R., G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones pp. 182–185. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[O08] Özdikmen, H. 2008. Nomenclatural changes for some preoccupied harvestman genus group names (Arachnida: Opiliones). Turkish Journal of Arachnology 1 (1): 37–43.

[PGV03] Péréz González, A., & E. Vasconcellos. 2003. A new species of Arucillus Šilhavý, 1971, from the Dominican Republic (Opiliones: Laniatores: Cosmetidae). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 7: 135–140.

Cynorta

Possible Cynorta, copyright Marshal Hedin.

Belongs within: Cosmetidae.

Cynorta is a diverse genus of cosmetid harvestmen found in Central and South America.

Characters (from González-Sponga 1992): Ocular tubercle elliptic, sub-elliptic or narrow; with varying intensity in the granulation. Lateral border of opisthosoma convex facing areas I to III. Areas not differentiated, tegument leathery or finely granular. Area III with or without spines or tubercles of varying thickness and height. Tergites with or without rows of granules. Distal segment of chelicerae hypertelic or normal, almost always presenting sexual dimorphism. Ambulatory legs with moderate, long, narrow femora IV, rarely presenting sexual dimorphism. Basal segments of tarsus I thickened. Tarsal segments of legs 1 = 5–6(3). Tarsal segments of legs II = 8–18(3–4). Claws not pectinated.

<==Cynorta Koch 1839 [incl. Abria Sørensen 1932] K03
    |--*C. conspersa (Perty 1833) [=Cosmetus conspersus, Poecilaema conspersum] K03
    |--C. albanalis Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. albiadspersa Roewer 1927 [=Poecilaema albiadspersum] K03
    |--C. albicruciata Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. albicurvata Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. albiornata Roewer 1912 K03
    |--C. albipicta Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. albituber Roewer 1952 K03
    |--C. alvarezi Beutelspacher 1988 K03
    |--C. aniuskae González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. annulata Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. arborescens Goodnight & Goodnight 1953 K03
    |--C. astora Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
    |--C. azucaria Roewer 1959 K03
    |--C. barloventensis González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. bassleri Goodnight & Goodnight 1943 K03
    |--C. bifurcata Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. blasi Goodnight & Goodnight 1953 K03
    |--C. bochinchana González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. boconoensis González-Sponga 1998 K03
    |--C. bordoni Avram & Soares 1983 K03
    |--C. bromeliaca Goodnight & Goodnight 1949 K03
    |--C. bromeliacia Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 K03
    |--C. calcarapicalis Roewer 1912 [=C. calcarapicalus (l. c.)] K03
    |--C. calcarbasalis Roewer 1912 [=C. calcarbaralis (l. c.)] K03
    |--C. calycina Sørensen 1932 K03
    |--C. camachoi González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. cancellata Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. carapoensis González-Sponga 1997 K03
    |--C. cardenasi Goodnight & Goodnight 1945 K03
    |--C. carraoensis González-Sponga 1997 K03
    |--C. casa Goodnight & Goodnight 1953 K03
    |--C. casita Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
    |--C. catenulata Roewer 1947 [=C. catenaluta (l. c.)] K03
    |--C. ceara Roewer 1927 K03
    |--C. churubusci Goodnight & Goodnight 1953 K03
    |--C. circumbrosa Roewer 1927 K03
    |--C. clavipus Roewer 1927 [=C. clavipes (l. c.) non Erginus clavipes Pickard-Cambridge 1905] K03
    |--C. clunipecten Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. columbiana Goodnight & Goodnight 1977 K03
    |--C. compressicoxa Avram & Soares 1983 K03
    |--C. coronata Caporiacco 1947 K03
    |--C. coxaepunctata Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. coxalis Roewer 1933 K03
    |--C. crassa González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. cristafemoris González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. cruzensis Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 [=C. cruzensia (l. c.)] K03
    |--C. dampfi Roewer 1931 K03
    |--C. dariensis Roewer 1925 K03
    |--C. davisi Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
    |--C. dearuwa González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. dentipes Pickard-Cambridge 1904 K03
    |--C. discreta Chamberlin 1925 [incl. C. didyma Chamberlin 1925] K03
    |--C. eremitica González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. flavoclathrata Simon 1879 K03
    |--C. flavornata Banks 1914 K03
    |--C. formosa Goodnight & Goodnight 1946 K03
    |--C. fortina Goodnight & Goodnight 1945 K03
    |--C. fraterna Banks 1909 K03
    |--C. gamma Roewer 1917 K03
    |--C. geayi Roewer 1912 K03
    |--C. geniculata Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. goodnightorum Beutelspacher 1988 [=C. goodnighti] K03
    |--C. gregaria Goodnight & Goodnight 1954 K03
    |--C. guadelupensis Goodnight & Goodnight 1973 K03
    |--C. guanjuina Roewer 1957 K03
    |--C. guasinensis González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. hassleri Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
    |--C. hondurensis Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 K03
    |--C. huanuco Avram & Soares 1983 K03
    |--C. immaculata Roewer 1956 K03
    |--C. infracta Roewer 1927 K03
    |--C. infulata Roewer 1959 K03
    |--C. innominata Henriksen in Sørensen 1932 (see below for synonymy) K03
    |--C. insperata Soares 1970 K03
    |--C. interjecta Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. itacoaiensis Soares 1970 K03
    |--C. jamesoni Goodnight & Goodnight 1973 K03
    |--C. josecarlosi Beutelspacher 1988 K03
    |--C. juncta (Gervais 1844) (n. d.) [=Cosmetus junctus] K03
    |--C. juruensis (Mello-Leitão 1923) [=Eucynortella juruensis, Cynortula juruensis] K03
    |--C. krausi Roewer 1963 K03
    |--C. ‘lata’ González-Sponga 1992 non Banks 1909 K03
    |--C. lateralis Roewer 1927 K03
    |--C. leucopyga Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. levinseni González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. limona Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
    |--C. lineata Roewer 1915 K03
    |--C. lithoclasica Avram 1981 K03
    |--C. litterata Soares 1970 K03
    |--C. liturata Roewer 1927 K03
    |--C. maculabnormis González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. maculorum Goodnight & Goodnight 1943 K03
    |--C. magnifica Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. maimirensis González-Sponga 1992 [=C. maimirenses] K03
    |--C. marginalis Banks 1909 [=P. marginale, Poecilaema aurivillii ms] K03
    |--C. mayi Mello-Leitão 1931 K03
    |--C. meinerti González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. meridensis González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. mesaensis González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. mira Soares 1970 K03
    |--C. montis González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. multigranulata González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. munozgrateroli González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. nigrotuberosa Caporiacco 1951 K03
    |--C. notabilis Soares 1970 K03
    |--C. ornatissima González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. oxapampa Roewer 1952 K03
    |--C. palmarum Goodnight & Goodnight 1953 K03
    |--C. paolilloi González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. peninsulana González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. pichitana Roewer 1959 K03
    |--C. pleuralis Chamberlin 1925 K03
    |--C. poaensis Avram 1981 K03
    |--C. posticata Banks 1909 K03
    |--C. praeoculata González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. propria Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. puna Roewer 1927 K03
    |--C. punctatolineata Roewer 1917 K03
    |--C. punctiacuta González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. punctitergum Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. quibijana Avram 1981 K03
    |--C. quinquesignata Franganillo Balboa 1926 K03
    |--C. ramulata Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. refracta Mello-Leitão 1940 K03
    |--C. rorida Roewer 1927 K03
    |--C. salvadorensis Roewer 1954 K03
    |--C. sanarensis González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. sayensis Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
    |--C. scripta Simon 1879 [incl. C. conspicua Roewer 1947] K03
    |--C. seminata Roewer 1917 K03
    |--C. sextuberculata Franganillo Balboa 1926 K03
    |--C. sigillata Roewer 1912 K03
    |--C. simplex Roewer 1927 K03
    |--C. sinuosa Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. skwarrae Roewer 1931 K03
    |--C. sturmi Roewer 1963 K03
    |--C. sulphurata Roewer 1912 K03
    |--C. surinamia Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. thoraxpicta Roewer 1957 K03
    |--C. tingaria Avram & Soares 1983 K03
    |--C. tovarzeai González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--C. triangulata Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
    |--C. unciscripta Roewer 1927 K03
    |--C. unicruciata Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. valida Roewer 1927 K03
    |--C. vancleavi Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
    |--C. variegata Roewer 1947 K03
    |--C. vestita Roewer 1912 [incl. C. worontzowi Piza 1938] K03
    |--C. v-flavum González-Sponga 1992 KA-Z11 [=C. v-flava K03]
    |--C. yaracuyana González-Sponga 1992 [=C. yaracuyanus] K03
    |--C. zilchi Roewer 1963 K03
    |--C. zonata Roewer 1947 K03
    `--C. zuliana González-Sponga 1992 K03

Cynorta innominata Henriksen in Sørensen 1932 [=C. (*Abria) innominata; incl. C. adspersa Mello-Leitão 1940, C. intrica Goodnight & Goodnight 1947, C. reticulata Roewer 1947 nec Paecilaema reticulatum Sørensen 1932] K03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Kury, A. B. 2003. Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, volumen especial monográfico 1: 1–337.

Kury, A. B., & M. A. Alonso-Zarazaga. 2011. Addenda and corrigenda to the "Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones)". Zootaxa 3034: 47–68.

Gryne

Male Gryne pluriarcuata, copyright A. B. Kury.

Belongs within: Cosmetidae.

Gryne is a genus of cosmetid harvestmen found in South America with a large pair of central spines on the dorsum.

Characters (from Roewer 1923): Slim animals with long, thin legs. Area I with one median tubercle pair; area III with one median spine pair; areas II, IV and IV free tergites I–III unarmed. Second cheliceral segment in both sexes small and normally built. Legs in both sexes with basal segments of legs III and IV of the same habitus and strength as in legs I and II; tarsi I–IV each with more than six segments, variable. Secondary sexual dimorphism expressed in leg IV of male.

<==Gryne Simon 1879 K03
    |--G. marginalis (Perty 1833) (see below for synonymy) K03
    |--G. amazonica Roewer 1947 K03
    |--G. andina Roewer 1947 K03
    |--G. coccinelloides (Mello-Leitão 1935) (see below for synonymy) K03
    |--G. dimorpha Mello-Leitão 1928 K03
    |--G. leprosa Sørensen 1932 [=Poecilaema leprosum ms] K03
    |--G. orensis (Sørensen 1879) [=Cosmetus orensis; incl. G. angustipes Mello-Leitão 1931, G. angusticeps (l. c.)] K03
    |--G. perlata Mello-Leitão 1936 K03
    |--G. pluriarcuata Mello-Leitão 1936 K03
    |--G. pustulata Roewer 1927 K03
    `--G. vermiculata Mello-Leitão 1944 K03

Gryne coccinelloides (Mello-Leitão 1935) [=Poecilaema coccinelloides; incl. Gryne reticulata Piza 1938, Iryne (l. c.) reticulata] K03

Gryne marginalis (Perty 1833) [=Cosmetus marginalis, Paecilaema marginale non Cynorta marginalis Banks 1909, Poecilaema marginale; incl. *Gryne paraensis Simon 1879] K03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[K03] Kury, A. B. 2003. Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, volumen especial monográfico 1: 1–337.

Roewer, C. F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematisches Bearbeitung der bisher bekannten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

Meterginus

Meterginus inermipes, copyright Daniel N. Proud.

Belongs within: Cosmetidae.

Meterginus is a genus of cosmetid harvestmen found in Central and northern South America.

Characters (from Roewer 1923): Robust animals with strong (especially third and fourth) legs. Area I with one median tubercle pair; area III with one median spine pair; areas II, IV and V and free tergites I–III unarmed. Second cheliceral segment of male usually strongly thickened and rising well above first segment. Legs in both sexes with basal segments of legs III and especially IV much thicker and stronger than in legs I and II; telotarsus II 3-segmented; tarsi I–IV each more than 6-segmented, variable. Secondary sexual dimorphism often expressed in legs III and especially IV of male.

<==Meterginus Pickard-Cambridge 1905 K03
    |--*M. basalis Pickard-Cambridge 1905 K03 [=Paecilaema basalis GG53]
    |--M. affinis Roewer 1963 K03
    |--M. albonotatus (Goodnight & Goodnight 1953) [=Paecilaema albonotatum] K03
    |--M. apicalis Pickard-Cambridge 1905 [=Cynorta apicalis] K03
    |--M. dorsalis Pickard-Cambridge 1905 K03
    |--M. flavicinctus (Gervais 1842) (see below for synonymy) K03
    |--M. inermipes Roewer 1947 K03
    |--M. latesulfureus (Simon 1879) [=Erginus latesulfureus, Rhaucus latesulfureus] K03
    |--M. marginellus (Simon 1879) [=Erginus marginellus, Rhaucus marginellus] K03
    |--M. marmoratus (Roewer 1912) [=Pararhaucus marmoratus] K03
    |--M. obscurus (Sørensen 1932) [=Rhaucus obscurus] K03
    |--M. prosopis Roewer 1912 K03
    |--M. serratus Roewer 1912 K03
    |--M. simonis (With 1932) [=Rhaucus (Erginus) simonis, Rhaucus (Erginus) serratus ms] K03
    |--M. tibialis Pickard-Cambridge 1905 K03
    |--M. togatus (Sørensen 1932) [=Rhaucus togatus] K03
    `--M. zilchi Roewer 1954 K03

Meterginus flavicinctus (Gervais 1842) [=Cosmetus flavicinctus, Cynorta flavocincta (l. c.), Pararhaucus flavicinctus] K03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[GG53] Goodnight, C. J., & M. L. Goodnight. 1953. The opilionid fauna of Chiapas, Mexico, and adjacent areas (Arachnoidea, Opiliones). American Museum Novitates 1610: 1–81.

[K03] Kury, A. B. 2003. Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, volumen especial monográfico 1: 1–337.

Roewer, C. F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematisches Bearbeitung der bisher bekannten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

Erginulus

Erginulus subserialis, copyright Stuart Longhorn.

Belongs within: Cosmetidae.

Erginulus is a genus of cosmetid harvestmen found in Central America.

Characters (from Goodnight & Goodnight 1977): Third and fourth tarsi with simple untoothed double claws; first tarsus with 6 segments. Distitarsi of both first and second tarsi with three segments. Dorsum with five areas, variously armed with tubercles and/or spines, third and fourth legs conspicuously heavier than the first and second. Males with spinose fourth legs, heavier chelicerae, and usually an enlarged basitarsus on the first tarsus.

<==Erginulus Roewer 1912 [incl. Bivonones Goodnight & Goodnight 1942, Euerginus Roewer 1912] K03
    |--*E. serratipes (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus serratipes, Cynorta serratipes] K03
    |--E. arcuatus (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus arcuatus] K03
    |--E. australis (Roewer 1916) [=Euerginus australis] K03
    |--E. bimaculatus Goodnight & Goodnight 1977 [=E. bimaculata] K03
    |--E. biserratus Roewer 1947 K03
    |--E. brevispinosus Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 K03
    |--E. castaneus (Banks 1906) [=Erginus castaneus] K03
    |--E. centralis (Sørensen 1932) [=Cynorta centralis, Eucynortula centralis, Euerginus centralis] K03
    |--E. clavipes (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus clavipes, Cynorta clavipes] K03
    |--E. clavotibialis (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) (see below for synonymy) K03
    |--E. crassescens (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus crassescens] K03
    |--E. cristatus (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus cristatus, Euerginus cristatus] K03
    |--E. erectispinus (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus erectispinus] K03
    |--E. figuratus (Roewer 1947) [=Euerginus figuratus] K03
    |--E. gervaisii (Sørensen 1932) [=Cynorta gervaisii] K03
    |--E. leviarcuatus (Sørensen 1932) [=Cynorta leviarcuata, Euerginus leviarcuatus, C. arcuata ms] K03
    |--E. pectiginerus (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus pectiginerus] K03
    |--E. pulcher Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 [=E. pulchrus] K03
    |--E. quadricristatus (Franganillo Balboa 1926) [=Erginus quadricristatus] K03
    |--E. rectus (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus rectus, Euerginus rectus] K03
    |--E. roeweri (Goodnight & Goodnight 1947) [=Acromares roeweri] K03
    |--E. serratifer (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus serratifer] K03
    |--E. serratofemoralis Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 K03
    |--E. simplicipes (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus simplicipes] K03
    |--E. singularis Goodnight & Goodnight 1977 K03
    |--E. sinuosus (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus sinuosus] K03
    |--E. subserialis (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus subserialis, Cynorta subserialis, *Euerginus subserialis] K03
    |    |--E. s. subserialis K03
    |    |--E. s. gertschi (Goodnight & Goodnight 1942) K03 (see below for synonymy)
    |    `--E. s. tricristatus (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) K03 (see below for synonymy)
    |--E. triangularis (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus triangularis] K03
    `--E. weyerensis Goodnight & Goodnight 1977 K03

Nomen nudum: Erginulus albipunctata Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 K03

Erginulus clavotibialis (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Erginus clavotibialis, Cynorta clavotibialis, Euerginus clavotibialis; incl. Erginus cylindrotibialis Pickard-Cambridge 1905, Eu. cylindrotibilis, Erginus serratotibialis Pickard-Cambridge 1905, Eu. serratotibialis] K03

Erginulus subserialis gertschi (Goodnight & Goodnight 1942) K03 [=*Bivonones gertschi K03, Cynorta subserialis gertschi GG53]

Erginulus subserialis tricristatus (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) K03 [=Erginus tricristatus K03, Cynorta subserialis tricristatus GG53]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[GG53] Goodnight, C. J., & M. L. Goodnight. 1953. The opilionid fauna of Chiapas, Mexico, and adjacent areas (Arachnoidea, Opiliones). American Museum Novitates 1610: 1–81.

Goodnight, C. J., & M. L. Goodnight. 1977. Laniatores (Opiliones) of the Yucatán Peninsula and Belize (British Honduras). Bulletin, Association for Mexican Cave Studies 6: 139–166.

[K03] Kury, A. B. 2003. Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, volumen especial monográfico 1: 1–337.

Metalibitia

Metalibitia, possibly M. paraguayensis, copyright Ted C. MacRae.

Belongs within: Cosmetidae.

Metalibitia is a genus of cosmetid harvestmen found in southern South America.

Characters (from Ringuelet 1959): Tarsi III and IV with smooth claws; tarsi I 5-segmented. Distitarsi I and II 3-segmented. Tarsal formula 5/6-n-5-5/6. Areas I, II and III of scutum with one pair of small tubercles or mere granules; area IV with 2 spines. Remainder of dorsum unarmed except form males of some species with tubercle or spine on free tergite III.

<==Metalibitia Roewer 1912 [incl. Labrosa Mello-Leitão 1939, Libitiola Roewer 1925, Paralibitia Roewer 1912] K03
    |--*M. paraguayensis (Sørensen 1884) (see below for synonymy) K03
    |--M. adunca (Roewer 1927) [=Paralibitia adunca] K03
    |--M. arenosa (Mello-Leitão 1939) [=*Labrosa arenosa] K03
    |--M. argentina (Sørensen 1884) [=Cosmetus argentinus, Libitia (Messa) argentina, *Paralibitia argentina] K03
    |--M. borellii (Roewer 1925) [=*Libitiola borellii] K03
    |--M. brasiliensis Soares & Soares 1949 K03
    |--M. fuscomaculata Soares 1970 K03
    |--M. maculata (Roewer 1914) [=Paralibitia maculata] K03
    |--M. rosacostai Capocasale 1966 K03
    |--M. santaremis (Roewer 1947) [=Paralibitia santaremis] K03
    `--M. tibialis (Roewer 1925) [=Libitiola tibialis; incl. M. oranensis Soares 1966] K03

*Metalibitia paraguayensis (Sørensen 1884) [=Cosmetus paraguayensis, Libitia (Messa) paraguayensis; incl. Metalibitia tucumana Soares 1966] K03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[K03] Kury, A. B. 2003. Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, volumen especial monográfico 1: 1–337.

Ringuelet, R. A. 1959. Los aracnidos argentinos del orden Opiliones. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 5 (2): 125-439.

Paecilaema

Female Paecilaema chiriquiense, copyright Carlos Viquez.

Belongs within: Cosmetidae.

Paecilaema is a diverse genus of harvestmen found in Central and South America.

Characters (from Goodnight & Goodnight 1953): Dorsum with five areas, variously armed with tubercles and spines. Tarsus of first leg with more than six segments; distitarsi of both first and second tarsi with three segments. Third and fourth legs with simple untoothed claws.

<==Paecilaema Koch 1839 K03 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*P. u-flavum (Perty 1833) [=Cosmetus u-flavum, Paecilima u-flavum, Poecilaema u-flavum] K03
    |--P. acurigense González-Sponga 1992 PA-Z11, K03 [=P. acuriguensis K03]
    |--P. adspersum Roewer 1947 K03
    |--P. albantica (Roewer 1947) [=Paecilaemella albantica] K03
    |--P. altaspinulatum Goodnight & Goodnight 1943 [=Paecilaemula altaspinatum (l. c.)] K03
    |--P. altispina González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--P. amazonicum González-Sponga 1992 PA-Z11, K03 [=P. amazonica K03]
    |--P. andreae (Perty 1833) (n. d.) [=Cosmetus andreae, Cynorta andreae, Flirtea andreae, Poecilaema andreae] K03
    |--P. angustum González-Sponga 1992 [=P. angusta] K03
    |--P. anticum Roewer 1927 K03
    |--P. araguanum González-Sponga 1992 [=P. araguanus] K03
    |--P. argentinoi Soares 1970 K03
    |--P. atroluteum Roewer 1912 [=Poecilaema atroluteum] K03
    |--P. barinense González-Sponga 1992 [=P. barinensis] K03
    |--P. bicingulatum Roewer 1927 K03
    |--P. bifurca Roewer 1933 K03
    |--P. bilineatum Goodnight & Goodnight 1953 K03
    |--P. bilunatum (Wood 1869) (n. d.) [=Ortonia bilunata, Cynorta bilunata, Poecilaema bilunatum] K03
    |--P. bimaculatum Roewer 1927 K03
    |--P. cabudarense González-Sponga 1992 [=P. cabudarensis] K03
    |--P. campoeliasense González-Sponga 1998 PA-Z11, K03 [=P. campoeliasensis K03]
    |--P. cancellatum Roewer 1927 [=P. cancelatum (l. c.)] K03
    |--P. carvalhoi Soares 1970 K03
    |--P. chiriquiense Goodnight & Goodnight 1943 [=P. chiriquiensis] K03
    |--P. c-insignitum Simon 1879 [=Poecilaema c-insignitum] K03
    |--P. circunscriptum Roewer 1947 K03
    |--P. conspicillatum Simon 1879 [=Poecilaema conspicillatum] K03
    |--P. contextum Roewer 1927 K03
    |--P. curvipes Roewer 1912 [=Poecilaema curvipes] K03
    |--P. diadematum Roewer 1917 [=Poecilaema diadematum] K03
    |--P. distinctum Roewer 1915 [=Poecilaema distincta] K03
    |--P. eutypum (Chamberlin 1925) KA-Z11, K03 (see below for synonymy)
    |--P. festae Roewer 1925 K03
    |--P. festivum Kury 2003 KA-Z11, K03 (see below for synonymy)
    |--P. forcipatum (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=Meterginus forcipatus, Pararhaucus forcipatus] K03
    |--P. gigas (Roewer 1933) [=Paecilaemella gigas] K03
    |--P. gonzalezi Kury 2003 [=P. vittata González-Sponga 1992 non Rhaucus vittatus Sørensen 1932] K03
    |--P. gracile (Goodnight & Goodnight 1947) [=*Soaresella gracilis] K03
    |--P. granitum Sørensen 1932 [=Poecilaema granitum] K03
    |--P. graphicum Roewer 1947 K03
    |--P. guttatum Roewer 1912 [=Poecilaema guttatum] K03
    |--P. guttigerum Sørensen 1932 K03
    |--P. henrikseni Mello-Leitão 1944 (see below for synonymy) K03
    |--P. inerme (Banks 1909) [=Meterginus inermis, *Meterginoides inermis] K03
    |--P. inglei Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 [incl. P. punctulata Caporiacco 1951] K03
    |--P. irmae González-Sponga 1992 K03
    |--P. laevifemur (Roewer 1947) [=Meterginulus laevifemur] K03
    |--P. laterale Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 KA-Z11, K03 [=P. lateralis K03]
    |--P. lepidopterum González-Sponga 1992 [=P. lepidoptera] K03
    |--P. leucomelas Simon 1880 (n. d.) [=Poecilaema leucomelas] K03
    |--P. limbatum Kollar in Koch 1839 (n. d.) [=Poecilaema limbatum] K03
    |--P. lineatum (Roewer 1933) [=*Pararhauculus lineatus] K03
    |--P. lobipictum Roewer 1947 K03
    |--P. longicruris Mello-Leitão 1939 K03
    |--P. lucifugum Goodnight & Goodnight 1973 K03
    |--P. luquillense Soares 1990 K03
    |--P. lutzi Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 K03
    |--P. maculatum González-Sponga [=P. maculata] K03
    |--P. maculifrons Roewer 1947 K03
    |--P. manifestum Roewer 1927 K03
    |--P. marajoara Soares 1970 K03
    |--P. marginatum (Sørensen 1884) (n. d.) [=Cosmetus marginatus, Poecilaema marginatum] K03
    |--P. marmoratum Roewer 1915 [=Poecilaema marmoratum] K03
    |--P. medianum Roewer 1947 K03
    |--P. micropunctatum Roewer 1916 [=Poecilaema micropunctatum] K03
    |--P. neglectum Ringuelet 1957 [=P. bonita ms] K03
    |--P. oblongum González-Sponga 1992 KA-Z11, K03 [=P. oblonga K03]
    |--P. obscurum (Pickard-Cambridge 1905) [=*Pararhaucus obscurus] K03
    |--P. octosegmentatum González-Sponga 1992 [=P. octosegmentata] K03
    |--P. oculatum González-Sponga 1992 [=P. oculata] K03
    |--P. ornatum Roewer 1917 [=Poecilaema ornatum] K03
    |--P. paraense Soares 1970 [=P. paraensis] K03
    |--P. paucistipulatum Roewer 1947 K03
    |--P. pectinigerum (Roewer 1912) [=Meterginulus pectinigerus] K03
    |--P. rastelliferum Pickard-Cambridge 1905 (see below for synonymy) K03
    |--P. rectipes Roewer 1947 K03
    |--P. reticulatum Roewer 1927 K03
    |--P. serrifemur Roewer 1917 [=Poecilaema serrifemur] K03
    |--P. sexlineatum Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 [=P. sexlineata] K03
    |--P. sigillatum Roewer 1912 [=Poecilaema sigillatum] K03
    |--P. sinuatum Roewer 1947 K03
    |--P. sulphuratum Roewer 1912 [=Poecilaema sulphuratum, Paecilaema sulfuratum (l. c.)] K03
    |--P. triangulatum Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 [=P. triangulata] K03
    |--P. trisegmentatum González-Sponga 1992 [=P. trisegmentata] K03
    |--P. triseriatum Roewer 1947 K03
    |--P. variegatum Goodnight & Goodnight 1977 [=P. variegatus] K03
    |--P. virens González-Sponga 1998 K03
    |--P. vittatum (Sørensen 1932) [=Rhaucus (Ortonia) vittatus] K03
    |--P. waratukum Goodnight & Goodnight 1943 (see below for synonymy) K03
    |--P. withi Henriksen in Sørensen 1932 [=Poecilaema withi] K03
    |--P. x-signatum Mello-Leitão 1940 K03
    `--P. ypsilon Roewer 1912 [=Poecilaema ypsilon] K03

Paecilaema Koch 1839 K03 [=Paecilima KA-Z11, Poecilaema K03, Poeciloema (l. c.) K03; incl. Meterginoides Roewer 1912 K03, Meterginulus Roewer 1912 K03, Paecilaemella Roewer 1925 K03, Poecilaemella (l. c.) K03, Pararhauculus Roewer 1933 K03, Pararhaucus Pickard-Cambridge 1905 K03, Soaresella Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 K03]

Paecilaema eutypum (Chamberlin 1925) KA-Z11, K03 [=Meterginoides eutypa K03, Paecilaema eutypa K03, Paecilaemella eutypa K03, Paecilaema eutypta (l. c.) K03]

Paecilaema festivum Kury 2003 KA-Z11, K03 [=*Paecilaemella festae Roewer 1925 non Paecilaema festae Roewer 1925 K03, Paecilaema festiva K03]

Paecilaema henrikseni Mello-Leitão 1944 [=, P. reticulatum Sørensen 1932 non Roewer 1927, Cynorta reticulata non Roewer 1947; incl. C. estebana Roewer 1947, Paecilaema estebana] K03

Paecilaema rastelliferum Pickard-Cambridge 1905 [=Poecilaema rastellifera, *Meterginulus rastellifer, M. rastellifera, Paecilaema rastellifer] K03

Paecilaema waratukum Goodnight & Goodnight 1943 [=P. reticulata Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 nec Roewer 1927 nec Sørensen 1932]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Goodnight, C. J., & M. L. Goodnight. 1953. The opilionid fauna of Chiapas, Mexico, and adjacent areas (Arachnoidea, Opiliones). American Museum Novitates 1610: 1–81.

[K03] Kury, A. B. 2003. Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, volumen especial monográfico 1: 1–337.

[KA-Z11] Kury, A. B., & M. A. Alonso-Zarazaga. 2011. Addenda and corrigenda to the "Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones)". Zootaxa 3034: 47–68.