Belongs within: Diaprioidea.
Contains: Eucomys, Ectromatini, Mymaridae, Ceinae, Tetracampidae, Eriaporidae, Aphelinidae, Trichogrammatidae, Azotidae, Agaonidae, Eupelmidae, Tanaostigmatidae, Encyrtidae, Eurytomidae, Spalangiinae, Chalcididae, Leucospidae, Cleonymidae, Eunotinae, Torymidae, Colotrechninae, Ormyridae, Diparinae, Cerocephalinae, Asaphinae, Ormocerinae, Pireninae, Coelocybinae, Chromeurytominae, Perilampidae, Miscogastrinae, Pteromalinae, Sycoryctinae, Otitesellinae, Epichrysomallinae.
The Chalcidoidea is a hyperdiverse group of mostly small, parasitoid wasps (though some derived subgroups are phytophagous). Phylogeny within the chalcidoids remains contentious; a large-scale molecular analysis by Munro et al. (2011) was able to recover monophyly for only nine of nineteen generally recognised families (with a tenth family, Rotoitidae, represented in the analysis by only a single exemplar). A combined morphological and molecular analysis by Heraty et al. (2013) was more consistent with previous classifications, but still indicated polyphyly for Aphelinidae, Tetracampidae, Perilampidae and Pteromalidae sensu Bouček (1988). The fossil Khutelchalcis gobiensis from the uppermost Jurassic or lowermost Cretaceous of Mongolia was described as a possible stem-chalcidoid by Rasnitsyn et al. (2004); it retains a more complete wing venation than living chalcidoids, including the presence of a Cu vein.
Most recent analyses agree in placing the Mymaridae as the basalmost lineage of modern chalcidoids. Strong morphological synapomorphies for chalcidoids excluding Mymaridae have not been identified (largely because variation within the clade is so extreme), but one potential supporting character is the absence of sensilla from the first antennal flagellomere of non-mymarid males with non-reduced flagellomere counts (Heraty et al. 2013). The most basal lineage after the Mymaridae is probably the Rotoitidae, a small family known only from New Zealand & Chile (Munro et al. 2011) characterised by 14-segmented antennae, four-segmented tarsi, and the absence of notauli or a distinct prepectus (Bouček 1988). The clade containing the remaining Chalcidoidea is, again, not morphologically well-characterised, but may be supported by the presence of an anelliform first flagellomere (modified or lost in many sub-groups), and an asymmetrical ovipositor structure with an overlapping dorsal valve in cross-section (Heraty et al. 2013). The results of combined morphological and molecular analyses by Heraty et al. (2013) further suggest that this clade may be subdivided between a 'soft-bodied' clade containing taxa related to the Aphelinidae and Eulophidae, and a 'hard-bodied' clade containing the Chalcididae, Encyrtidae and the majority of the 'Pteromalidae'.
Synapomorphies (from Heraty et al. 2013): Multiporous plate sensilla present on antennae, with sensilla fused to antennal surface along most of length but with distal end free; prepectus (triangular sclerite separating base of forewing from pronotum) present, exposed between pronotum and mesepisternum (reduced in some subgroups); mesothoracic spiracle situated at or above exposed lateral edge of mesoscutum; paired lateral metafurcal pits present at anterior margin of metasternum.
Chalcidoidea (see below for synonymy)
|--Khutelchalcis Rasnitsyn, Basibuyuk & Quicke 2004 [Khutelchalcididae] RBQ04
| `--*K. gobiensis Rasnitsyn, Basibuyuk & Quicke 2004 RBQ04
`--+--Mymaridae HB13
`--+--Rotoitidae HB13
| |--Chiloe micropteron HB13
| `--Rotoita Bouček & Noyes 1987 B88
| `--*R. basalis Bouček & Noyes 1987 B88
`--+--+--+--Ceinae HB13
| | `--Tetracampidae HB13
| `--+--+--Cecidellis MH11
| | `--Eriaporidae HB13
| `--+--+--Aphelinidae HB13
| | `--+--Trisecodes agromyzae HB13
| | `--Trichogrammatidae HB13
| `--+--Azotidae HB13
| `--Signiphoridae [Thysanidae, Thysaninae] HB13
| |--+--Chartocerus HB13
| | `--Clytina giraudi HB13
| `--+--Thysanus ater HB13
| `--Signiphora [Signiphorinae] HB13
| |--S. euclidi Girault 1935 G35
| |--S. flavella MH11
| `--S. rectrix Girault 1915 GM79
`--+--Agaonidae HB13
`--+--+--Eupelmidae HB13
| `--+--Tanaostigmatidae HB13
| `--+--Encyrtidae HB13
| `--Cynipencyrtus [Cynipencyrtidae, Cynipencyrtinae, Cynipencyrtini] HB13
| `--C. flavus HB13
`--+--+--Eurytomidae HB13
| `--+--+--Spalangiinae HB13
| | `--Leptofoeninae [Leptofoenidae, Leptofoenini] HB13
| | |--Leptofoenus HB13 [incl. Pelecinella B88; Pelecinellinae]
| | | |--L. stephanoides HB13
| | | `--L. westwoodi HB13
| | `--Doddifoenus Bouček 1988 B88
| | |--*D. australiensis (Dodd 1927) [=Leptofoenus australiensis] B88
| | |--D. rex Bouček 1988 B88
| | `--D. wallacei HB13
| `--+--Chalcididae HB13
| `--+--Leucospidae HB13
| `--Chalcedectini [Chalcedectinae, Polychrominae] HB13
| |--*Chalcedectus maculicornis B88
| `--Amotura Cameron 1884 (see below for synonymy) B88
| |--*A. annulicornis B88
| |--A. cuprescens (Westwood 1874) (see below for synonymy) B88
| |--‘*Polychroma’ histrionica [=*Polychromatium histrionicum] B88
| |--A. meteora (Girault 1927) [=Episystole meteora, Chalcedectus meteora] B88
| |--A. poeta (Girault 1927) [=*Episystole poeta, Chalcedectus poeta] B88
| `--‘*Neochalcodectus’ sinaiticus B88
`--+--+--Cleonymidae HB13
| `--Eunotinae HB13
`--+--+--+--Torymidae HB13
| | `--+--Colotrechninae HB13
| | `--Ormyridae HB13
| `--+--Yrka Bouček 1988 HB13, B88
| | `--*Y. dahmsi Bouček 1988 B88
| `--+--Diparinae HB13
| `--Cerocephalinae HB13
`--+--+--Collessina Bouček 1975 HB13, B88
| | `--*C. pachyneura Bouček 1975 B88
| `--+--Austrosystasis Girault 1924 B88 (see below for synonymy)
| | `--*A. atricorpus Girault 1924 (see below for synonymy) B88
| `--Systolomorpha Ashmead 1900 HB13, B88 [incl. Aphotismus Girault 1913 B88]
| |--*S. thyridopterygis Ashmead 1900 B88
| |--S. nassaui Girault 1925 B88
| |--S. nigra (Girault 1913) [=*Aphotismus niger] B88
| `--S. noblei Gahan in Gahan & Ferrière 1947 B88
`--+--+--Micradelus [Micradelini] HB13
| | `--M. rotundus HB13
| `--+--+--Asaphinae HB13
| | `--+--Lanthanomyia HB13
| | `--Liepara Bouček 1988 D07 [Lieparini HB13]
| | |--*L. dentata Bouček 1988 B88
| | `--L. dahmsi Bouček 1988 B88
| `--+--Herbertia Howard 1894 B88 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--*H. lucens B88
| | |--H. indica B88
| | |--H. nipponica B88
| | `--H. setosa (Dodd in Girault 1915) (see below for synonymy) B88
| `--Neapterolelaps Girault 1913 D07 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*N. lodgei Girault 1913 D07
| |--N. aeniceps (Girault 1925) [=*Australolaelaps aeniceps] D07
| |--N. leai Dodd 1924 D07
| |--N. mitteri Desjardins 2007 D07
| |--N. nigrisaepta (Girault 1929) [=*Austrolaelaps nigrisaepta] D07
| `--N. viridescens Desjardins 2007 D07
`--+--+--+--Ormocerinae HB13
| | `--+--Pireninae HB13
| | `--+--Coelocybinae HB13
| | `--Chromeurytominae HB13
| `--+--Nodisoplata HB13
| `--Macromesus Walker 1848 B88 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*M. amphiretus B88
| |--M. americanus HB13
| `--M. fulvicoxa (Girault 1925) [=*Metasystasis fulvicoxa] B88
`--+--Perilampidae HB13
`--+--+--Miscogastrinae HB13
| `--+--Diconocara petiolata HB13
| `--+--Keirana Bouček 1988 B88 [Keiraninae HB13]
| | `--*K. longicollis Bouček 1988 B88
| `--Ditropinotella Girault 1915 B88 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*D. compressiventris Girault 1915 B88
| |--D. ciron (Walker 1839) (see below for synonymy) B88
| `--D. latipennis (Girault 1929) (see below for synonymy) B88
`--+--+--Trigonoderini HB13
| | |--Plutothrix HB13
| | `--Trigonoderus irvingi Girault 1917 G17g
| `--Cheiropachus Haliday 1833 HB13, GM79 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*C. colon G38
| |--C. arizonensis (Ashmead 1904) (see below for synonymy) G38
| |--C. brunneri G38
| `--C. quadrum HB13
`--+--Pteromalinae HB13
`--+--Sycoryctinae HB13
`--+--Otitesellinae HB13
`--+--Epichrysomallinae HB13
`--Sycoecinae HB13
|--Crossogaster B88
|--Sycoecus B88
|--Seres B88
|--Diaziella Grandi 1928 B88
| |--*D. bicolor B88
| `--D. falcata B88
`--Robertsia Bouček 1988 B88
|--*R. mandibularis Bouček 1988 B88
`--R. xylosyciae Bouček 1988 B88
Chalcidoidea incertae sedis:
Caenacis G17b
|--C. asinus Girault 1917 G17b
`--C. divisa A71
Aximopsis G17a
|--A. javensis Girault 1917 G17a
`--A. tephrosiae Girault 1917 G17a
Megaceratoneura Girault 1917 G17a
`--*M. inusitata Girault 1917 G17a
Paromphaloidomyia Girault 1917 G17b
`--*P. homeri Girault 1917 G17b
Prothymus Girault 1917 G17b
`--*P. novus Girault 1917 G17b
Megatrydymus Girault 1917 G17b
`--*M. taciti Girault 1917 G17b
Acaenacis Girault 1917 G17b
`--*A. ficigerae (Ashmead 1885) G17b, GM79 [=Semioteilus ficigerae G17b]
Dimmockia G17b
|--D. botticellini Girault 1917 G17b
`--D. secunda Crawford 1910 GM79
Comedo G17b
|--C. neomexicanus Girault 1917 G17b
|--C. omari Girault 1917 G17d
`--C. orgyiae Fitch 1855 GM79
Hexacladia Ashmead 1891 GM79 [incl. Sophencyrtus Crawford 1911 G17c, GM79]
|--H. mexicana Girault 1917 G17c
`--H. townsendi Crawford 1911 GM79 [=Sophencyrtus townsendi G17c]
Paracalocerinus G17e
|--P. marilandia Girault 1917 G17e
`--P. tertius Girault 1917 G17c
Calocerinus Howard 1892 GM79
`--C. floridanus (Ashmead 1885) GM79
Habrolepopteryx Ashmead 1900 GM79
`--H. marilandia Girault 1917 G17e
Cryptopristus G17c
|--C. americanus Girault 1917 G17c
`--C. caliginosus (Walker 1833) GM79
Eucomys G17g
Metacolus Forster 1856 GM79
|--M. bifasciatus Girault 1917 G17c
`--M. fasciatus Girault 1917 G17c
Dipachystigma secunda Girault 1917 G17c
Isodromus pulcher Girault 1917 G17c
Berecyntus Howard 1898 GM79
|--B. bakeri Howard 1898 GM79
| |--B. b. bakeri G17c
| `--B. b. euxoae Girault 1917 G17c
`--B. melanocera (Ashmead 1900) GM79
Omphalchrysocharis Girault 1917 G17g
|--*O. orientalis Girault 1917 G17g
|--O. ainsliei (Crawford 1912) G17g, GM79 [=Chrysocharis ainsliei G17g]
|--O. parksi (Crawford 1912) G17g, GM79 [=Chrysocharis parksi G17g]
`--O. thomsoni (Crawford 1912) G17g, GM79 [=Entedon thomsoni G17g]
Habrolepoidea G17c
|--H. aphidiphagus G17c
|--H. celia Girault 1917 G17c
`--H. perplexa Girault 1917 G17g
Solenotus Forster 1856 GM79
Hyperteles Girault 1917 G17d
`--*H. elongata (Forster 1841) G17d, GM79 [=Oxyomorpha elongata G17d]
Pseudaphycus Clausen 1915 GM79
|--P. notativentris Girault 1917 G17d
`--P. texanus (Howard 1898) GM79
Chrysocharodes majoriani Girault 1917 G17d
Uscanopsis carlylei Girault 1916 GM79
Parectromoides Girault 1915 G24, GM79 [incl. Parastenoterys Girault 1915 G24, GM79]
`--‘Parastenoterys’ niveiclava Girault 1917 G17f
Paradibrachys Girault 1917 G17g
`--*P. guizoti Girault 1917 G17g
Howardiella tarsata Ashmead 1905 GM79
Parhabritys Girault 1917 G17g
`--*P. nubilipennis (Ashmead 1887) G17g, GM79 [=Megorismus nubilipennis G17g]
Systellogaster Gahan 1917 GM79
Rhicnopeltoidea Girault 1917 G17g
|--*R. amsterdamensis Girault 1917 G17g
`--R. mallochi (Gahan 1917) GM79 [=Chrysocharis mallochi G17g]
Arthrolytus aeneoviridis Girault 1911 GM79 [incl. Dibrachys meteori Gahan 1913 G17g, GM79]
Parmicromelus Girault 1917 G17g
`--*P. europaeus Girault 1917 G17g
Aphycoideus Williams 1916 GM79
`--*A. io Girault 1917 G17g
Zarhopalus Ashmead 1900 GM79 [incl. Anagyrella Girault 1915 G17g, GM79]
Asteropaeus Howard 1898 GM79 [incl. Anicetus Howard 1896 G17g, GM79]
Spintherus pulchripennis Crawford 1912 GM79 [incl. Rhopalicus americanus Girault 1916 G17g, GM79]
Rhopus Forster 1856 GM79
`--R. fuscus (Girault 1912) G17g, GM79 [=Rhopoideus fuscus G17g]
Diplodontia secunda Girault 1917 G17g
Ophelinoideus Ashmead 1904 GM79
Mirolynx Girault 1916 GM79
Anenistus youngi Girault 1917 G17g
Lamprostatus G17g
|--L. canadensis Girault 1917 GM79
`--L. conicus Girault 1917 G17g
Cirrospilopsis sapientia Girault 1917 G17g
Cryptanusia Girault 1917 G17g
`--*C. albiclava Girault 1917 G17g
Paraolinx Ashmead 1894 GM79 [incl. Leucodesmia Howard 1895 G17g, GM79]
`--‘Leucodesmia’ typica B37
Epaenasomyia Girault 1917 G17h
`--*E. varicornis Girault 1917 G17h
Paraenasomyia Girault 1915 GM79
|--P. johnsoni Girault 1922 G22
`--P. liszti Girault 1932 G32b [=Rhopalencyrtoidea dubia Girault 1915 (preoc.) G32b, GM79]
Neblatticida tassoniaeformis Girault 1921 G21
Habrolepopterygis G21
|--H. felis Girault 1915 GM79
`--H. mirabilis Girault 1921 G21
Pseudoligosita variclava Girault 1922 G22
Australanusia tarsalis Girault 1923 G23a
Coccidencyrtus G23a
|--C. bicoloricornis Girault 1915 GM79
`--C. ipswichia Girault 1923 G23a
Austrobella Girault 1923 G28a, G23a [=Austrobelia G23a]
`--*A. gargantua Girault 1923 G23a
Ruskiniana Girault 1923 G23b
`--*R. sexguttatipennis Girault 1923 G23b
Pseudanusia Girault 1915 GM79
Nezarhopalus G23b
|--N. caudatus Girault 1915 GM79
|--N. compressifemur Girault 1923 G23b
`--N. perplexus Girault 1925 G25
Lathromeromyia perminuta Girault 1914 GM79
Chrysopophagus Ashmead 1894 GM79 [incl. Saranotum Perkins 1906 G24, GM79]
Psylledontus Crawford 1910 GM79 [incl. Metallonella Girault 1915 G24, GM79]
Isodromoides Girault 1924 GM79 [incl. Neocopidosomyiia Girault 1924 G24, GM79]
Ericydnella Girault 1924 GM79 [incl. Cerchysiella Girault 1924 G24, GM79]
Rhopalencyrtoidea G25
|--R. cinctifemur Girault 1925 G25
`--R. purpureus G25
Ecthrodryinus G25
|--E. ovidivorus Girault 1925 G25
`--E. shakespeari G25
Mesorhopella Girault 1923 GM79
Paragryon postmarginalis Girault 1926 G26
Shakespearia Girault 1928 G28b
`--*S. flabellata Girault 1928 G28b
Pterygogramma G29b
|--P. dubium Girault 1912 GM79
|--P. postmarginale Girault 1929 G29b
|--P. semifuscipennis Girault 1912 GM79
`--P. tingoorae Girault 1929 G29b
Urogramma G29b
|--U. latreille Girault 1929 G29b
`--U. lucrum Girault 1920 GM79
Japania Girault 1911 GM79
|--J. carbajali Girault 1934 G34b
|--J. ruskini Girault 1929 G29b
`--J. tristis Girault 1912 GM79
Centrobiella G29b
|--C. mulierum Girault 1912 GM79
`--C. particula Girault 1929 G29b
Chaetostricha G29b
|--C. anima Girault 1912 GM79
|--C. aurea Girault 1912 GM79
|--C. australis Girault 1920 GM79
|--C. concisicilia Girault 1929 G29b
|--C. emma Girault 1929 G29b
|--C. krygeri Girault 1929 G29b [=C. pulchra Kryger 1918 (preoc.) G29b, GM79]
`--C. tridentata Girault 1929 G29b
Emersonopsis arizonensis (Ashmead 1888) GM79 (see below for synonymy)
Zaomencyrtus aeripes Girault 1932 G32b
Microrhopus striatithorax Girault 1932 G32b
Echthrogonatopus G34b
|--E. cinctiventris Girault 1934 G34b
`--E. fera G34b
Belonura Ashmead 1896 GM79
Catolacous Thompson 1878 GM79
Thymus Girault 1916 GM79
Phylloxeroxenus Ashmead 1888 B88
Glyphotoma albitarsis Cameron 1912 B88
Trichaulus aeneicorpus Girault 1915 (n. d.) B88
Xiphydriophagus meyerinckii A71
Hypopteromalus Ashmead 1900 G36, GM79
Stenomalina B88
Asparagobius B88
Oricoruna B88
Mayrellus B88
Selimnus B88
Rivasia Askew & Nieves-Aldrey 2005 F05
`--*R. fumariae Askew & Nieves-Aldrey 2005 F05
Elatoides Nikolskaya 1952 B88 [Elatoidinae HB13]
`--*E. niger B88
Storeya Bouček 1988 B88 [Storeyinae HB13]
`--*S. paradoxa Bouček 1988 B88
Nefoenus Bouček 1988 B88 [Nefoeninae HB13]
`--*N. pilosus Bouček 1988 B88
Austroterobia Girault 1938 B88 [Austroterobiinae HB13]
`--*A. partibrunnea Girault 1938 B88
Parasaphodes Schulz 1906 B88 (see below for synonymy)
|--*P. iceryae (Ashmead 1904) [=*Parasaphes iceryae, *Amiscogaster ruskini Girault 1917] B88
`--P. townsendi B88
Callimomoides Girault 1926 B88 (see below for synonymy)
|--*C. fuscipennis Girault 1926 [incl. *Aligheria cyanea Girault 1928] B88
|--C. ovivorus [=*Louricia ovivora] B88
`--C. robertsi Bouček 1988 B88
Erotolepsiinae B88
|--Erotolepsia B88
|--Balrogia Hedqvist 1977 B88
|--Eunotopsia Bouček 1988 B88
| `--*E. nikitini Bouček 1988 B88
`--Papuopsia Bouček 1988 B88
`--*P. setosa Bouček 1988 B88
Epiencyrtoides G29a
|--E. axillaris Girault 1915 GM79
`--E. quinquedentatus Girault 1929 G29a
Austrochoreia Girault 1929 G29a
`--*A. latiscutum Girault 1929 G29a
Choreia Westwood 1833 G29a, GM79
‘Richteria’ Girault 1920 non Jones 1874 G30b, G20
|--*R. lamennaisi Girault 1920 G20
`--R. bicornuta Girault 1930 G30b
Parectromoidella Girault 1915 G31, GM79 [incl. Eucheiloneuropsis Girault 1922 G24, GM79]
|--P. acaciae Girault 1931 G31
`--P. lowelli Girault 1922 GM79
Mesanusia speciosa Girault 1932 G32a
Liothorax G32a
|--L. glabriscutellum Girault 1932 G32a
`--L. longiartus Girault 1932 G32a
Aenasomyiella parkeri Girault 1932 G32a
Coccidoxenus Crawford 1913 G32a, GM79 [incl. Tetracnemella Girault 1915 G24, GM79]
|--C. mexicanus Girault 1917 G17c
`--C. rubensi Girault 1932 G32a
Arhopoideus G32a
|--A. brevicornis Girault 1915 GM79 [incl. Tetracnemus pretiosus G32a]
|--A. ipswichia Girault 1922 G22
|--A. mozarti Girault 1932 G32c
`--A. tertius Girault 1923 GM79
‘Schilleria’ Girault 1932 non Dahl 1907 G32a
`--*S. pulchra Girault 1932 G32a
Ectromatini G32a
Helegonatopus G32a
|--H. parkeri Girault 1932 G32a
`--H. pseudophanes Perkins 1906 GM79
Epanusia Girault 1913 G32a, GM79
|--E. beenleighi Girault 1923 G23b
|--E. bifasciata Girault 1913 GM79
`--E. laticincta Girault 1932 G32a
Baoanusia G32a
|--B. albifunicle Girault 1932 G32a
`--B. lotae Girault 1922 GM79
Cristatithorax G32a
|--C. beerwahi G32a
|--C. bidentimaxillae G32a
| |--C. b. bidentimaxillae G32a
| `--C. b. poeta Girault 1932 G32a
|--C. latiscapus Girault 1916 GM79
|--C. partipes Girault 1932 G32a
|--C. quadricolor Girault 1915 GM79
`--C. regis Girault 1932 G32a
Sarothrus io Girault 1932 G32a
Achrysopophagus G32a
|--A. americanus Girault 1917 G17c
|--A. aureipleurum Girault 1932 G32a
|--A. clavatus Girault 1915 GM79
|--A. dactylopii (Howard 1885) GM79
`--A. nigriflagellum Girault 1932 G32a
Oaphycus Girault 1932 G32a
`--*O. sanguinithorax (Girault 1915) G32a, GM79 [=Aphycus sanguinithorax G32a]
Neobrachista G32a
|--N. javae Girault 1917 G17a
`--N. novifasciata G32a
|--N. n. novifasciata G32a
`--N. n. leptopsi Girault 1932 G32a
Zarhopaloides G32a
|--Z. axillaris Girault 1915 GM79
|--Z. gracilis Girault 1915 GM79
`--Z. speciosus Girault 1932 G32a
Aphycopsis G32c
|--A. australiensis (Howard 1898) GM79
`--A. bicinctitibiae Girault 1932 G32c
Stenoteropsis Girault 1915 G32c, GM79
`--S. papilionidis Girault 1932 G32c
Epitetracnemus quadriguttus Girault 1932 G32c
Matritia G32c
|--M. gratis Girault 1932 G32c
`--M. hebes Girault 1929 GM79
Diversinervus Silvestri 1914 G33a, GM79
Xanthoencyrtus G33a
|--X. garibaldia Girault 1933 G33a
`--X. keatsi (Girault 1915) GM79
Matricia delicata Girault 1933 G33b
Anthemus G34a
|--A. hilli G34a
`--A. nigriceps Girault 1934 G34a
Australufens Girault 1935 G35
`--*A. varicornis Girault 1935 G35
Cowperella Girault 1935 G35
`--*C. aeneifrons Girault 1935 G35
Borrowella Girault 1923 G35, GM79
|--B. bioculata Girault 1923 GM79
`--B. consobrina Girault 1923 G23a
Parasyrphophagus G35
|--P. casuarinae Girault 1934 [=Parasyrpophagus (l. c.) casuarinae] G34b
|--P. homeri Girault 1935 G35
`--P. semiargentipes Girault 1915 GM79
Leimacis G36
|--L. australia Girault 1916 GM79
`--L. hilaris Girault 1936 G36
Baocharis marlatti Ashmead 1888 G17g, GM79 [incl. Aphelinus subapterus Girault 1916 GM79]
Diomerus armatus BM76
Lonchetron fennicum BM76
Neodiparinae HB13
Erdoesina alboannulata P93
Brachycerites Hong 2002 [Brachyceritidae] H02
`--*B. furvus Hong 2002 H02
Eopteromalites Hong 2002 H02
`--*E. fushunensis Hong 2002 H02
Expansicornia Hong 2002 [Expansicornidae] H02
`--*E. conulata Hong 2002 H02
Psychophagus omnivorus [=Diglochis omnivorus] G38
Tritneptis Girault 1924 G38
|--*T. hemerocampae Girault 1908 [incl. Coelopisthia diacrisiae Crawford 1910] G38
|--T. diprionis Gahan 1938 G38
|--T. klugii (Ratzeburg 1844) (see below for synonymy) G38
|--T. koebelei Gahan 1938 G38
`--T. scutellata (Muesebeck 1927) [=Coelopisthia scutellata] G38
Diglochis complanatus G38
Tomicobia Ashmead 1899 [incl. Ipocoelius Ruschka 1924] G38
|--*T. tibialis Ashmead 1904 G38
|--T. rotundiventris (Ruschka 1924) [=Ipocoelius rotundiventris] G38
`--T. seitneri (Ruschka 1924) [=Ipocoelius seitneri] G38
Heteroschema Gahan 1919 G38
|--H. rugosopunctata (Ashmead 1894) [=Pteromalus rugosopunctatus; incl. *H. prima Gahan 1919] G38
`--H. punctata (Ashmead 1894) [=Glyphe punctata, Gastrancistrus punctatus] G38
Zatropis alboclavus [=Z. albiclavatus (l. c.)] GT96
Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus RD77
Isocyrtus laetus W39a
Spaniopus dissimilis W39a
Seladerma epulo Walker 1839 W39b
Amotura Cameron 1884 [incl. Episystole Girault 1927, Neochalcodectus Masi 1936, Polychroma Westwood 1874 non Dejean 1836, Polychromatium Dalla Torre 1897] B88
Amotura cuprescens (Westwood 1874) [=Polychroma cuprescens, Chalcedectus cuprescens, Polychromatium cuprescens] B88
Austrosystasis Girault 1924 B88 [incl. Eurytomomoidea Girault 1928 B88; Austrosystasinae HB13]
*Austrosystasis atricorpus Girault 1924 [incl. *Eurytomomoidea eleocarpi Girault 1928] B88
Callimomoides Girault 1926 B88 [incl. Aligheria Girault 1928 B88, Louricia Ferrière 1936 B88; Louriciinae HB13, Louriciini]
Chalcidoidea [Brachymeriinae, Brachyscelidiphaginae, Callimomidae, Chalcidites, Chalcitellini, Eupelmini, Halticopterini, Hormoceroidae, Lelapini, Myinoidae, Ormoceridae, Ormocerides, Ormoceroidae, Pteromalidae, Pteromalides, Spalangoidae, Tetracampoidae, Tridymidae, Tridymina]
Cheiropachus Haliday 1833 HB13, GM79 [incl. Tropidogastra Ashmead 1904 G38]
Cheiropachus arizonensis (Ashmead 1904) [=*Tropidogastra arizonensis, Dinarmus arizonicus Girault 1916] G38
Ditropinotella Girault 1915 B88 [incl. Roptrocerella Girault 1929 B88; Ditropinotellinae HB13]
Ditropinotella ciron (Walker 1839) [=Miscogaster ciron, Lamprotatus ciron] B88
Ditropinotella latipennis (Girault 1929) [=*Roptrocerella latipennis] B88
Emersonopsis arizonensis (Ashmead 1888) GM79 [incl. Entedon cupreicollis Ashmead 1888 G30a, GM79, Em. cupreicollis G30a]
Herbertia Howard 1894 B88 [incl. Tetracampoides Dodd in Girault 1915 B88, Trydymiformis Girault 1915 B88; Herbertiinae HB13]
Herbertia setosa (Dodd in Girault 1915) [=*Tetracampoides setosus; incl. *Trydymiformis australiensis Girault 1915] B88
Macromesus Walker 1848 B88 [incl. Crossotomoria Delucchi 1956 B88, Metasystasis Girault 1925 B88, Wesenbergia Kryger 1943 B88; Macromesinae HB13]
Neapterolelaps Girault 1913 D07 [=Pinocchio Pagliano & Scaramozzino 1990 non Mello-Leitão 1940 D07; incl. Australolaelaps Girault 1925 D07, Austrolaelaps Girault 1929 D07; Neapterolelapini HB13]
Parasaphodes Schulz 1906 B88 [=Amiscogaster Girault 1917 B88, Parasaphes Ashmead 1904 non Candéze 1882 B88; Parasaphodinae HB13]
Tritneptis klugii (Ratzeburg 1844) [=Pteromalus klugii, Lariophagus klugii; incl. Diglochis lophyrorum Ruschka 1915, Pteromalus nematicida Packard 1883, Coelopisthia nematicida, Coelopisthoidea nematicida] G38
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.
[B37] Balduf, W. V. 1937. Bionomic notes on the common bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haw., (Lepid., Psychidae) and its insect enemies (Hym., Lepid.). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 39 (7): 169–184.
[BM76] Bohart, R. M. & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.
[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).
[D07] Desjardins, C. A. 2007. Phylogenetics and classification of the world genera of Diparinae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 1647: 1–88.
[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.
[G38] Gahan, A. B. 1938. Notes on some genera and species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (8): 209–227.
[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. New Javanese Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 59–71).
[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. New chalcid flies. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 72–77).
[G17c] Girault, A. A. 1917c. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80–101).
[G17d] Girault, A. A. 1917d. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. III. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 102–111).
[G17e] Girault, A. A. 1917e. Chalcidoidea nova Marilandensis. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 112–113).
[G17f] Girault, A. A. 1917f. Chalcidoidea nova Marilandensis. II. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 114–115).
[G17g] Girault, A. A. 1917g. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116–131).
[G17h] Girault, A. A. 1917h. Chalcidoidea nova Marilandensis. III. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 132–137).
[G20] Girault, A. A. 1920. Some insects never before seen by mankind. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 157–160).
[G21] Girault, A. A. 1921. New animals of Australia and old men of the earth. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 161–163).
[G22] Girault, A. A. 1922. The true remedy for head lice, dedication of a new animal to the quality of majesty and so forth. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 166).
[G23a] Girault, A. A. 1923a. Loves wooed and won in Australia. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 167–169).
[G23b] Girault, A. A. 1923b. Microscopitis, womanitis and new Hexapoda. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 170–177).
[G24] Girault, A. A. 1924. Homo perniciosus and new Hymenoptera. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 178–181).
[G25] Girault, A. A. 1925. An essay on when a fly is lovable, the ceremony of baptizing some and unlovely hate. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 187–190).
[G26] Girault, A. A. 1926. New pests from Australia. V. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 206–207).
[G28a] Girault, A. A. 1928a. A prodigeous discourse on wild animals. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 218–220).
[G28b] Girault, A. A. 1928b. Some new hexapods stolen from authority. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 221–224).
[G29a] Girault, A. A. 1929a. Description of a case of lunacy in Homo and of six-legged articulates. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 262–265).
[G29b] Girault, A. A. 1929b. New pests from Australia. VI. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 266–269).
[G30a] Girault, A. A. 1930a. New pests from Australia. VIII. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 273–277).
[G30b] Girault, A. A. 1930b. New pests from Australia. IX. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 278–279).
[G31] Girault, A. A. 1931. Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera nova Australiensis. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 284–285).
[G32a] Girault, A. A. 1932a. New pests from Australia, X. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 286–291).
[G32b] Girault, A. A. 1932b. Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera nova Australiensis. II. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 292).
[G32c] Girault, A. A. 1932c. New lower Hymenoptera from Australia and India. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 293–298).
[G33a] Girault, A. A. 1933a. Some beauties inhabitant not of commercial boudoirs but of Nature’s bosom, notably new insects. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 299–303).
[G33b] Girault, A. A. 1933b. Some beauties inhabitant not of the boudoirs of commerce but of Nature’s bosom—new insects. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 304–305).
[G34a] Girault, A. A. 1934a. Miridae et Hymenoptera nova Australiensis. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 308–310).
[G34b] Girault, A. A. 1934b. New Capsidae and Hymenoptera, with note on an unmentionable. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 311–314).
[G35] Girault, A. A. 1935. Microhymenoptera Australiensis nova, mostly Chalcididae. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 315–318).
[G36] Girault, A. A. (as ‘L. de St. Fargeau’). 1936. Chalcididae, Capsidae species nova Australiensis Giraulti. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 319–321).
[GT96] Goeden, R. D., & J. A. Teerink. 1996. Life histories and descriptions of adults and immature stages of two cryptic species, Aciurina ferruginea (Doane) and A. michaeli, new species (Diptera: Tephritidae), on Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall in southern California. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (3): 415–438.
[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.
[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466–542.
[H02] Hong Y. 2002. Amber Insect of China. Beijing Scientific and Technological Publishing House.
[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.
[P93] Pittaway, A. R. 1993. The Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic. Harley Books: Colchester.
[RBQ04] Rasnitsyn, A. P., H. H. Basibuyuk & D. L. J. Quicke. 2004. A basal chalcidoid (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from the earliest Cretaceous or latest Jurassic of Mongolia. Insect Systematics and Evolution 35: 123–135.
[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.
[W39a] Walker, F. 1839a. Monographia Chalciditum vol. 1. Hyppolitus Ballière: London.
[W39b] Walker, F. 1839b. Monographia Chalciditum vol. 2. Species collected by C. Darwin, Esq. Hyppolite Baillière: London.
Last updated: 18 March 2021.
No comments:
Post a Comment
Markup Key:
- <b>bold</b> = bold
- <i>italic</i> = italic
- <a href="http://www.fieldofscience.com/">FoS</a> = FoS