Eusarcus

Eusarcus vervloeti, copyright Adriano B. Kury.

Belongs within: Gonyleptidae.

Eusarcus is a diverse genus of gonyleptid harvestmen in South America, characterised by the presence of unpaired armature on scutal area III, and a strongly curved distalmost pair of setae on the ventral plate of the penis (Hara & Pinto-da-Rocha 2010).

Characters (from Hara & Pinto-da-Rocha 2010): Male: Dorsum: Paramedian apophyses usually present on anterior margin of scutum, located ectally to chelicera. Ocularium with several similar-sized tubercles (unarmed), or a pair of large tubercles, or a pair of spines, or a median apophysis (bifid or not). Dorsal scutum with five transversal grooves delimiting four scutal areas. Scutal area I medially divided; III usually with a median spine. Body shape pyriform, wider between groove I and grooves IV and V (close to each other). Lateral margin of dorsal scutum with an external regular row of tubercles increasing in size posteriorly, and with one to two internal, irregular rows. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum with a row of tubercles. Chelicera: Segment I with scattered tubercles; II with setae irregularly concentrated at base of fixed finger, a group of setae on apical mesal face, both fingers toothed. Pedipalpus: Trochanter inflated, with sparse tubercles dorsally; ventrally with a large prolateral tubercle bearing a seta, and with a small retrolateral tubercle; femur stretched, subcylindrical, with a prolateral subapical seta; patella smooth; tibia with variable spination, usually IiIi (prolateral and retrolateral) and tarsus idem, IIi (prolateral) and IiIi (retrolateral). Legs: Coxa I with 1 prolateral, 1 retrolateral apophysis; II with 1 prolateral apophysis, 3 retrolateral apophyses fused at base, retrolateralmost fused at apex with prolateral apophysis of coxa III; III with 1 prolateral, 1 retrolateral apophysis fused at base; IV, irregularly tuberculate, with 1 prolateral apical apophysis more developed in male than female. Coxa IV surpassing dorsal scutum in dorsal view, being visible in all its extension or visible only apically. Trochanter IV with prolateral apophyses. Femora I–II straight, III–IV sinuous, all with tubercles arranged approximately in six longitudinal rows: a prodorsal and a retrodorsal row, a proventral and a retroventral row, a prolateral and a retrolateral row. Distitarsi I–II always 3-segmented. Metatarsi III–IV with 2 ventro-apical setae. Tarsal segmentation: 5–7(3); + 6(3); 6; 6–7. Female mostly same as male, coxa IV shorter than in male (ending between grooves III and IV) and usually visible in dorsal view, surpassing dorsal scutum only apically; with prolateral apical apophysis shorter than in male. Trochanter IV unarmed on prolateral face.

<==Eusarcus Perty 1833 K03 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*E. armatus Perty 1833 K03 (see below for synonymy)
    |--E. aberrans Mello-Leitão 1939 K03
    |--E. aduncus (Mello-Leitão 1942) [=Enantiocentron aduncum] K03
    |--E. antoninae Mello-Leitão 1936 K03
    |--E. argentinus (Roewer 1913) (see below for synonymy) K03
    |--E. bifidus Roewer 1929 [=Goyazia bifida] K03
    |--E. centromelos (Mello-Leitão 1935) (see below for synonymy) K03
    |--E. curvispinosus Mello-Leitão 1923 K03
    |--E. doriphorus (Mello-Leitão 1932) [=*Enantiocentron doriphorus] K03
    |--E. dubius Soares 1943 [=Neopucrolia dubia] K03
    |--E. fulvus Soares & Soares 1946 K03
    |--E. furcatus Roewer 1929 K03
    |--E. grumani Soares 1966 K03
    |--E. guimaraensi Soares 1945 [incl. E. biserratus Mello-Leitão 1945] K03
    |--E. hastatus Sørensen 1884 K03
    |--E. incus Soares & Soares 1946 K03
    |--E. insperatus Soares 1944 K03
    |--E. maquinensis Soares 1966 K03
    |--E. montis (Mello-Leitão 1936) [=Enantiocentron montis] K03
    |--E. nigrimaculatus Mello-Leitão 1924 [incl. E. minensis Mello-Leitão 1932] K03
    |--E. organensis Kury 2003 (see below for synonymy) K03
    |--E. oxyacanthus Kollar in Koch 1839 K03
    |--E. perpusillus Mello-Leitão 1945 [=E. pusillus Mello-Leitão 1931 non Sørensen 1884] K03
    |--E. pusillus Sørensen 1884 [=*Eusarcoides pusillus] K03
    |--E. schubarti Soares & Soares 1946 K03
    |--E. spinimanu Mello-Leitão 1932 K03
    |--E. sulcatus (Piza 1940) [=*Goyazia sulcata] K03
    |--E. teresincola Soares & Soares 1946 K03
    |--E. tripos Mello-Leitão 1940 K03
    `--E. vervloeti Soares 1944 K03

Eusarcus Perty 1833 K03 [=Eusarchus (l. c.) K03; incl. Enantiocentron Mello-Leitão 1932 K03, Enanticocentron (l. c.) K03, Eusarcoides Roewer 1913 K03, Goyazia Piza 1940 K03, Metapucrolia Roewer 1913 K03, Neopucrolia Roewer 1913 K03, Orguesia Roewer 1913 K03, Papageia Roewer 1943 K03, Pareusarcus Mello-Leitão 1935 non Roewer 1929 K03, Pindaiba Canals 1943 K03, Pucroloides Roewer 1913 K03, KA-Z11, Pucrolioides KA-Z11]

Eusarcus argentinus (Roewer 1913) [=*Pucroloides argentina, E. argentina, Pucrolioides argentina; incl. Pucrolia armata Sørensen 1895 non Eusarcus armatus Perty 1833, *Metapucrolia armata, *Neopucrolia pectinigera Roewer 1913, Eusarcus pectinigerus] K03

Eusarcus armatus Perty 1833 K03 [=Eusarchus (l. c.) armatus R23; incl. Eusarcus pumilio Perty 1833 K03, Eusarchus (l. c.) pumilio R23]

Eusarcus centromelos (Mello-Leitão 1935) [=*Pareusarcus centromelos, *Papageia centromelos, *Pindaiba centromelos; incl. Enantiocentron geniculatus Mello-Leitão 1936] K03

Eusarcus organensis Kury 2003 [=*Orguesia armata Roewer 1913 nec E. armatus Perty 1833 nec Pucrolia armata Sørensen 1895] K03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Hara, M. R., & R. Pinto-da-Rocha. 2010. Systematic review and cladistic analysis of the genus Eusarcus Perty 1833 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae). Zootaxa 2698: 1–136.

[K03] Kury, A. B. 2003. Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, volumen especial monográfico 1: 1–337.

[KA-Z11] Kury, A. B., & M. A. Alonso-Zarazaga. 2011. Addenda and corrigenda to the "Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones)". Zootaxa 3034: 47–68.

[R23] Roewer, C.-F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannnten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.