Caelopyginae

Female Metarthrodes longipes, copyright Edelcio Muscat.

Belongs within: Gonyleptidae.

The Caelopyginae are a group of gonyleptid harvestmen with a wide, medially depressed eyemound found in the Atlantic and Araucaria forests of southern Brazil (Pinto-da-Rocha 2002).

Characters (from Pinto-da-Rocha 2002): Body subrectangular or pyriform. Scent glands with two external openings (ozopores) on each side. Eye mound wide, with a median depression, with one low tubercle near each eye (rarely smooth or with one pair of large tubercles). Dorsal scute with four grooves (three areas). Area I divided. Area III with two spines with blunt apex (rarely more acute) or two tubercles. Posterior margin of dorsal scute, from straight to concave. Pedipalp with femur thin, cylindrical (smaller than length of dorsal scute), without wide ventral setae; patella without prolateral seta; tibia mesal IiIi, ectal IIi/IiIi/IiiIi; tarsus longer than tibia, biconvex, with two ventral rows of wide setae, ecta II, mesal II (rarely I). Tarsus with more than six segments; III–IV with semispherical articles, distitarsus I 3-segmented, II 4- or 5-segmented (rarely 3-), with a dense scopula. Claws bipectinate. Tarsal process present and long. Penis with ventral process of glans long and thin; dorsal process absent; basal lobe of ventral plate forward; 3–4 pairs of distal setae of ventral plate longer than other; two short setae behind distal group of setae (sometimes a little above the long ones; rarely absent); one intermediary seta (between the long and the basal groups); 3–4 pairs of long basal setae, the basal one reduced, absent or long. Yellow to greenish coloured, with or without white spots or dots on dorsal scute, free tergites and dorsal and ventral anal opercula.

<==Caelopyginae [Caelepiginas, Caelopyginas, Coelopyginae, Coelopyginas, Coelopygoidae, Dasypoleptinae]
    |  i. s.: Proampheres Roewer 1913 P-R02
    |           `--*P. serratus (Kollar in Koch 1839) P-R02 (see below for synonymy)
    |--+--Caelopygus Koch 1839 (see below for synonymy) P-R02
    |  |    |--*C. elegans (Perty 1833) (see below for synonymy) P-R02
    |  |    `--C. melanocephalus Kollar in Koch 1839 P-R02 (see below for synonymy)
    |  `--Ampheres Koch 1839 P-R02 (see below for synonymy)
    |       |  i. s.: *A. spinipes (Perty 1833) [=Gonyleptes spinipes] P-R02
    |       |--A. leucopheus (Mello-Leitão 1922) P-R02 (see below for synonymy)
    |       `--+--A. tocantinus Roewer 1943 P-R02
    |          `--+--A. fuscopunctatus (Soares 1942) (see below for synonymy) P-R02
    |             `--A. luteus (Giltay 1928) [=*Prosodreana lutea] P-R02
    `--+--Metampheres Roewer 1913 P-R02
       |    `--*M. albimarginatus Roewer 1913 P-R02
       `--+--Metarthrodes Roewer 1913 P-R02 (see below for synonymy)
          |    |--M. bimaculatus Roewer 1913 P-R02 (see below for synonymy)
          |    `--+--M. albotaeniatus (Mello-Leitão 1942) (see below for synonymy) P-R02
          |       `--+--+--M. hamatus Roewer 1931 [=Ampheres hamatus] P-R02
          |          |  `--+--M. laetabundus (Sørensen 1884) (see below for synonymy) P-R02
          |          |     `--M. xango Pinto-da-Rocha 2002 P-R02
          |          `--+--*M. leucopygus Roewer 1913 (see below for synonymy) P-R02
          |             `--+--M. longipes (Soares 1944) [=Exochobunus longipes] P-R02
          |                |--M. nigrigranulatus Roewer 1913 P-R02 (see below for synonymy)
          |                `--M. pulcherrimus (Mello-Leitão 1931) [=*Exochobunus pulcherrimus] P-R02
          `--+--Arthrodes Koch 1839 P-R02
             |    `--*A. xanthopygus Kollar in Koch 1839 (see below for synonymy) P-R02
             `--+--Pristocnemus Koch 1839 P-R02, KA-Z11 (see below for synonymy)
                |    |--*P. pustulatus Kollar in Koch 1839 [=Pristocnemis (l. c.) pustulatus] P-R02
                |    `--+--P. farinosus (Mello-Leitão 1922) P-R02 (see below for synonymy)
                |       `--+--P. albimaculatus (Roewer 1913) P-R02 (see below for synonymy)
                |          `--P. perlatus (Giltay 1928) [=Metarthrodes perlatus, Ampheres perlatus] P-R02
                `--+--Garatiba Mello-Leitão 1940 P-R02
                   |    |--*G. bisignata Mello-Leitão 1940 [=Zalonius bisignatus] P-R02
                   |    `--G. bocaina Pinto-da-Rocha 2002 P-R02
                   `--Thereza Roewer 1943 P-R02 [incl. Dasypoleptes Mello-Leitão 1949 P-R02, Dasypoletes (l. c.) K03]
                        |--T. speciosa (Roewer 1913) (see below for synonymy) P-R02
                        `--+--*T. albiornata Roewer 1943 P-R02 (see below for synonymy)
                           |--T. amabilis Pinto-da-Rocha 2002 P-R02
                           `--T. poranga Pinto-da-Rocha 2002 P-R02

Ampheres Koch 1839 P-R02 [incl. Caelopygulus Roewer 1931 P-R02, Coelopygulus (l. c.) K03, Metampheroides Mello-Leitão 1941 P-R02, Pizaius Soares 1942 P-R02, Prosodreana Giltay 1928 P-R02, Zalonius Mello-Leitão 1936 P-R02, Zaloous (l. c.) P-R02]

Ampheres fuscopunctatus (Soares 1942) [=*Pizaius fuscopunctatus; incl. Zalonius spinipes Soares 1944] P-R02

Ampheres leucopheus (Mello-Leitão 1922) P-R02 [=Coelopygus leucopheus P-R02, *Caelopygulus leucopheus P-R02, Metarthrodes leucopheus P-R02; incl. Ampheres gracilis Soares & Soares 1945 P-R02, Metarthrodes pardalis Piza 1943 P-R02, Metarthrodes pictus Mello-Leitão 1935 (n. n.) K03, *Zalonius punctatus Mello-Leitão 1936 P-R02, *Metampheroides serrinus Mello-Leitão 1941 P-R02, Varzellinia serrina P-R02, Metarthrodes triangularis Roewer 1931 P-R02, Ampheres triangularis P-R02]

*Arthrodes xanthopygus Kollar in Koch 1839 [=Caelopygus xanthopygus, A. acanthopygus (l. c.); incl. Ca. macracanthus Kollar in Koch 1839, Ca. macrocanthus (l. c.), Coelopygus macrocanthus (l. c.), Ca. pseudomacrocanthus Soares & Soares 1954] P-R02

Caelopygus Koch 1839 [=Coeelopygus (l. c.), Coelopygus; incl. Heterarthrodes Mello-Leitão 1935, Liarthrodes Mello-Leitão 1922] P-R02

*Caelopygus elegans (Perty 1833) [=Gonyleptes elegans, Coelopygus elegans; incl. *Heterarthrodes alvimi Mello-Leitão 1935, Arthrodes alvimi, Caelopygus granulatus Bertkau 1880, Liarthrodes granulosus Mello-Leitão 1932, *L. tetramaculatus Mello-Leitão 1922, Liarthrodes quadrimaculatus (l. c.)] P-R02

Caelopygus melanocephalus Kollar in Koch 1839 P-R02 [=Coelopygus melanocephalus P-R02; incl. Metarthrodes melanacanthus Roewer 1913 P-R02, Ampheres melanacanthus P-R02, Metartrrodes (l. c.) melanacanthus K03]

Metarthrodes Roewer 1913 P-R02 [=Metarthorodes (l. c.) K03; incl. Exochobunus Mello-Leitão 1931 P-R02, Heterampheres Mello-Leitão 1935 P-R02, Kapichaba Mello-Leitão 1942 P-R02, Varzellinia Mello-Leitão 1942 P-R02]

Metarthrodes albotaeniatus (Mello-Leitão 1942) [=*Kapichaba albotaeniata; incl. Zalonius albivittatus Mello-Leitão 1944] P-R02

Metarthrodes bimaculatus Roewer 1913 P-R02 [=Ampheres bimaculatus P-R02; incl. M. rosae Mello-Leitão 1942 K03, A. rosai P-R02, M. rosai P-R02]

Metarthrodes laetabundus (Sørensen 1884) [=Caelopygus laetabundus, Coelopygus laetabundus, Co. loetabundus (l. c.); incl. Metarthrodes circumscriptus Roewer 1931, Ampheres circumscriptus] P-R02

*Metarthrodes leucopygus Roewer 1913 [=Ampheres leucopygus; incl. *Varzellinia leucopyga Mello-Leitão 1942 non Metarthrodes leucopygus Roewer 1913] P-R02

Metarthrodes nigrigranulatus Roewer 1913 P-R02 [=Ampheres nigrigranulatus P-R02, A. nigrimaculatus (l. c.) K03; incl. Heterampheres octomaculatus Mello-Leitão 1935 (n. n.) K03, *H. variabilis Mello-Leitão 1935 P-R02, Ampheres variabilis P-R02]

Pristocnemus Koch 1839 P-R02, KA-Z11 [=Peristocnemis (l. c.) P-R02, Pristocnemis (l. c.) KA-Z11, Pristocnemys (l. c.) P-R02; incl. Stenoprostygnus Piza 1940 P-R02]

Pristocnemus albimaculatus (Roewer 1913) P-R02 [=Metarthrodes albimaculatus P-R02, Ampheres albimaculatus P-R02, Eubulus lunatus Sørensen in Roewer 1943 (n. n.) K03]

Pristocnemus farinosus (Mello-Leitão 1922) P-R02 [=Metarthrodes farinosus P-R02, Ampheres farinosus P-R02, Metarthodes (l. c.) farinosus K03; incl. *Stenoprostygnus mamillatus Piza 1940 P-R02, Metarthrodes mamillatus P-R02, Metarthrodes massarti Giltay 1928 P-R02, Ampheres pizae Roewer 1943 P-R02]

*Proampheres serratus (Kollar in Koch 1839) P-R02 [=Ampheres serratus P-R02, Phalacus bimaculatus Sørensen in Roewer 1943 (n. n.) K03]

*Thereza albiornata Roewer 1943 P-R02 [=Varzellinia albiornata K03; incl. *Dasypoleptes guttulatus Mello-Leitão 1949 P-R02, V. radagasioi Soares & Soares 1945 P-R02]

Thereza speciosa (Roewer 1913) [=Metarthrodes speciosus, Ampheres speciosus; incl. Zalonius pulcherrimus Soares 1944] P-R02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[K03] Kury, A. B. 2003. Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, volumen especial monográfico 1: 1–337.

[KA-Z11] Kury, A. B., & M. A. Alonso-Zarazaga. 2011. Addenda and corrigenda to the "Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones)". Zootaxa 3034: 47–68.

[P-R02] Pinto-da-Rocha, R. 2002. Systematic review and cladistic analysis of the Brazilian subfamily Caelopyginae (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo 36: 357–464.