Belongs within: Bryozoa.
Contains: Calescharidae, Membraniporidae, Electridae, Calloporidae, Bugulidae, Beaniidae, Thalamoporellidae, Lepraliellidae, Smittinidae, Schizoporellidae, Petraliellidae, Phidoloporidae, Cribrilinidae, Hippothoidae.
The Cheilostomata are a group of bryozoans in which the individual zooids are calcareous and box-like, and have a small orifice closed by a hinged, chitinous operculum (Prothero 1998).
<==Cheilostomata [Hincksinidae]
|--+--Anascina P98
| `--Ascophorina P98
`--Cribrimorphina [Cribrimorpha] P98
| i. s.: Cribrilaria R79
| Triporula R79
| Tremogasterina problematica R79, THG01
|--Cribrilinidae R79
|--Hippothoidea R79
| |--Hippothoidae THG01
| `--Chorizopora Hincks 1879 [Chorizoporidae] THG01
| `--*C. brongniartii (Audouin 1826) [=Flustra brongniartii; incl. Berenicea annulata] THG01
`--Arachnopusioidea R79
|--Exechonella Duvergier 1921 [Exechonellidae] THG01
| |--*E. grandis (Duvergier 1921) [=Cyclicopora grandis] THG01
| `--E. brasiliensis Canu & Bassler 1928 THG01
`--Poricella Canu 1904 [Arachnopusiidae] THG01
|--*P. maconnica Canu 1904 THG01
|--P. celleporoides THG01
|--P. robusta (Hincks 1884) [=Lepralia robusta, Tremogasterina robusta] THG01
`--P. spatulata (Canu & Bassler 1929) (see below for synonymy) THG01
Cheilostomata incertae sedis:
Ogivalina CB01
|--*O. eximopora Canu & Bassler 1917 CB01
`--O. dimorpha CB01
Rimosocella CB01
Poricellaria CB01
Mollia CB01
|--*M. patellaria [=Amphiblestrum patellarium] CB01
|--M. multijuncta Waters 1879 CB01
`--M. rossellii Ryland & Hayward 1977 CB01
Flustridae CB01
|--Hincksina CB01
`--Flustra H30
|--F. aragoi H04
|--F. gayii H04
|--F. lineata L02
`--F. truncata H30
Chaperiidae CB01
|--Patsyella tongensis Gordon 1982 CB01
`--Hagenowinella vaginata CB01
Calescharidae CB01
Membrendoecium lagunculum THG01
Cleidochasmatidae THG01
|--Yrbozoon Gordon 1989 THG01
|--Anchicleidochasma Soule, Soule & Chaney 1991 THG01
|--Calyptooecia Winston 1984 THG01
|--Fedorella Silén 1947 THG01
`--Characodoma Maplestone 1900 THG01
`--C. glabra Gordon & d’Hondt 1997 THG01
Gephyrophora Busk 1884 THG01
Hippoporella Canu 1917 THG01
`--*H. hippopus (Smitt 1873) [=Lepralia hippopus] THG01
Stephanollona Duvergier 1921 [incl. Brodiella Uttley & Bullivant 1972] THG01
|--*S. spinifera Duvergier 1921 THG01
`--‘Hippoporella’ labiata Hayward & Cook 1983 THG01
Hippoporidra senegambiensis C79
Cupuladria [Cupuladriidae] R79
`--C. biporosa R79
Tropidozoum cellariiforme C79
Doryporella alcicornis C79
Aspidostoma giganteum C79
Scruparia R79
Reteporellina evelinae R79
Euthyroides episcopalis R79
Catenaria parasitica [=Alysidium parasiticum] R79
Leptocheilopora tenuilabrosa R79
Bicellariella ciliata R79
Membraniporella aragoni R79, KBC03
Aetea Lamouroux 1812 [Aeteidae, Aeteoidea] THG01
|--*A. anguina (Linnaeus 1758) [=Sertularia anguina] THG01
|--A. australis Gordon 1984 THG01
|--A. ligulata Busk 1852 THG01
`--A. sica (Couch 1844) THG01
Membraniporoidea THG01
|--Membraniporidae THG01
`--Electridae THG01
Calloporoidea THG01
|--Calloporidae THG01
|--Quadricellariidae THG01
| |--Quadricellaria CB01
| `--Nellia Busk 1852 THG01
| |--*N. oculata Busk 1852 THG01
| |--N. tenella CB01
| `--N. tenuis Harmer 1926 THG01
`--Antroporidae THG01
|--Parantropora Tilbrook 1998 THG01
| `--*P. penelope Tilbrook 1998 THG01
|--Antropora Norman 1903 THG01
| |--*A. granulifera (Hincks 1880) [=Membranipora granulifera] THG01
| `--A. minor (Hincks 1880) [=Membranipora trifolium var. minor, A. minus (l. c.)] THG01
`--Aplousina CB01
|--*A. gigantea CB01
`--A. disjuncta (Gabb & Horn 1862) (see below for synonymy) CB01
Buguloidea THG01
|--Bugulidae THG01
|--Beaniidae THG01
|--Synnotum Pieper 1881 [Epistomiidae] THG01
| `--*S. aegyptiacum (Audouin 1826) (see below for synonymy) THG01
`--Candidae THG01
|--Tricellaria HJ08
| |--T. inopinata Hondt & Occhipinti Ambrogi 1985 HJ08
| |--T. occidentalis (Trask 1857) HJ08
| `--T. ziczac R79
`--Scrupocellaria van Beneden 1845 THG01
|--*S. scruposa (Linnaeus 1758) [=Sertularia scruposa] THG01
|--S. reptans B79
|--S. scabra R79
`--S. spatulata (d’Orbigny 1851) [=Cellularia spatulata] THG01
Microporoidea THG01
|--Microporidae CB01
|--Thalamoporellidae THG01
|--Monoporella Hincks 1881 [Monoporellidae] THG01
| `--*M. nodulifera (Hincks 1881) (see below for synonymy) THG01
|--Steginoporella Smitt 1873 [Steginoporellidae] THG01
| |--*S. magnilabris (Busk 1854) [=Membranipora magnilabris] THG01
| |--S. buskii Harmer 1900 THG01
| |--S. jellyae Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon 2001 THG01
| `--S. lateralis MacGillivray 1895 [=Steganoporella (l. c.) lateralis] THG01
`--Onychocellidae THG01
|--Floridinella Canu & Bassler 1917 THG01
| `--*F. vicksburgica CB01
|--Onychocella CB01
| |--O. cyclostoma M79
| `--O. inarmata Canu & Bassler 1929 CB01
`--Smittipora Jullien 1882 THG01
|--*S. abyssicola (Smitt 1873) [=Vincularia abyssicola] THG01
`--S. cordiformis Harmer 1926 THG01
Cellaria Ellis & Solander 1786 [Cellariidae, Cellarioidea] THG01
`--C. punctata (Busk 1852) [=Salicornia punctata; incl. S. gracilis Busk 1852] THG01
Catenicelloidea THG01
|--Savignyella Levinsen 1909 [Savignyellidae] THG01
| `--*S. lafontii (Audouin 1826) [=Eucratea lafontii, Catenaria lafontii] THG01
`--Catenicellidae THG01
|--Vasignyella Gordon 1989 THG01
| `--*V. otophora (Kirkpatrick 1890) [=Catenaria otophora, Savignyella otophora] THG01
`--Catenicella de Blainville 1830 THG01
|--*C. contei (Audouin 1826) [=Eucratea contei] THG01
`--C. triangulifera (Harmer 1957) [=Vittaticella triangulifera] THG01
Reptadeonella Busk 1884 [Adeonidae, Adeonoidea] THG01
|--*R. violacea (Johnston 1847) [=Lepralia violacea] THG01
|--R. cellulanus Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon 2001 THG01
|--R. fissa (Hincks 1880) (see below for synonymy) THG01
|--R. levinseni (Borg 1940) THG01
`--R. novissima Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon 2001 THG01
Lepralielloidea THG01
|--Lepraliellidae THG01
`--Escharoides Milne Edwards 1836 [Romancheinidae] THG01
|--*E. coccinea (Abildgaard 1806) [=Cellepora coccinea] THG01
`--E. longirostris Dumont 1981 THG01
Smittinoidea THG01
|--Smittinidae THG01
|--Metroperiella Canu & Bassler 1917 [Bitectiporidae] THG01
| |--*M. lepralioides (Calvet in Jullien & Calvet 1903) [=Schizoporella lepralioides] THG01
| `--M. montferrandii (Audouin 1826) [=Flustra montferrandii, Codonellina montferrandii] THG01
|--Watersipora Neviani 1895 [Watersiporidae] THG01
| |--W. arcuata Banta 1969 HJ08
| |--W. cucullata B79
| |--W. nigra R79
| |--W. subovoidea [=Dakaria subovoidea] THG01
| `--W. subtorquata (d’Orbigny 1852) HJ08
`--Teuchoporidae THG01
|--Osthimosia Jullien 1888 THG01
|--Lagenicella THG01
`--Torquatella Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon 2001 THG01
|--*T. duolamellata (Scholz 1991) [=Osthimosia duolamellata] THG01
|--‘Reptescharellina’ cornuta Gabb & Horn 1862 THG01
`--‘Schizoporella’ dissimilis Osburn 1952 THG01
Schizoporelloidea THG01
| i. s.: Robertsonidra Osburn 1952 THG01
| |--*R. oligopus (Robertson 1908) [=Schizoporella oligopus] THG01
| `--R. novella Ryland & Hayward 1992 THG01
|--Schizoporellidae THG01
|--Petraliellidae THG01
|--Echinovadoma Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon 2001 [Echinovadomidae] THG01
| `--*E. anceps Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon 2001 THG01
|--Nimba Jullien in Jullien & Calvet 1903 [Lacernidae] THG01
| |--*N. praetexta Jullien in Jullien & Calvet 1903 THG01
| `--N. saxatilis Hayward & Ryland 1995 THG01
|--Microporella Hincks 1877 [Microporellidae] THG01
| |--*M. ciliata (Pallas 1766) [=Eschara ciliata] THG01
| `--M. orientalis Harmer 1957 THG01
|--Calyptotheca Harmer 1957 [Lanceoporidae] THG01
| |--*C. wasinensis (Waters 1913) [=Schizoporella nivea wasinensis] THG01
| |--C. rupicola Hayward & Ryland 1995 THG01
| |--C. tenuata Harmer 1957 THG01
| `--C. thornelyae Dumont 1981 THG01
|--Cosciniopsis Canu & Bassler 1927 [Gigantoporidae] THG01
| |--*C. coelatus Canu & Bassler 1927 THG01
| |--C. globosa Harmer 1957 THG01
| |--C. lonchaea (Busk 1884) (see below for synonymy) THG01
| |--‘Gephyrophora’ rubra Osburn 1940 THG01
| `--‘Aptonella’ violacea Canu & Bassler 1928 THG01
`--Hippopodinidae THG01
|--Thornelya Harmer 1957 THG01
| |--*T. ceylonica (Thornely 1905) [=Lepralia ceylonica] THG01
| `--T. fuscina Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon 2001 THG01
`--Hippopodina Levinsen 1909 THG01
|--*H. feegeensis (Busk 1884) [=Lepralia feegeensis] THG01
|--H. iririkensis Tilbrook 1999 THG01
`--H. viriosa Tilbrook 1999 THG01
Crepidacantha Levinsen 1909 [Crepidacanthidae, Mamilloporoidea] THG01
|--*C. poissonii (Audouin 1826) [=Flustra poissonii] THG01
|--C. carsioseta Winston & Heimberg 1986 THG01
|--C. crinispina Levinsen 1909 THG01
`--C. longiseta Canu & Bassler 1928 THG01
Celleporoidea THG01
|--Phidoloporidae THG01
`--Turbicellepora Ryland 1963 [Celleporidae] THG01
|--*T. coronopus (Wood 1849) [=Cellepora coronopus] THG01
|--T. ampla (Kirkpatrick 1888) (see below for synonymy) THG01
`--T. magnicosta BBB-S95
Tessaradoma boreale R79
Discoporella d’Orbigny 1852 H15
`--D. umbellata [=Lunulites umbellata] H15
Lepralia H15
|--L. alata H04
|--L. annulata H04
|--L. celleporoides H15
|--L. spinifera H04
`--L. variolosa H04
Euthyris obtecta H15
Hippopetraliella P98
Cryptosula [Cryptosulidae] HJ08
|--C. pallasiana (Moll 1803) HJ08
`--C. zavjalovensis KBC03
Stichomicropora membranacea H75
Umbonula H04
|--U. reticulata H04
`--U. verrucosa H04
Cupularia stellata H04
Farciminaria aculeata H04
Smittia H04
|--S. landsborovii H04
`--S. reticulata H04
Diachoris H04
|--D. crotali H04
`--D. magellanica H04
Aplousina disjuncta (Gabb & Horn 1862) [=Biflustra disjuncta; incl. Membranipora perampla Gabb & Horn 1862] CB01
Cosciniopsis lonchaea (Busk 1884) [=Lepralia lonchaea; incl. Hippaliosina auriculata Hayward 1988, Cosciniopsis fusca Canu & Bassler 1927, Gephyrophora rostrigera Canu & Bassler 1929, Lepralia vestita Hincks 1885] THG01
*Monoporella nodulifera (Hincks 1881) [=Haploporella nodulifera; incl. M. fimbriata carinifera Canu & Bassler 1929] THG01
Poricella spatulata (Canu & Bassler 1929) [=Hiantopora spatulata, Arachnopusia spatulata, Tremogasterina spatulata] THG01
Reptadeonella fissa (Hincks 1880) [=Microporella fissa; incl. Adeona joloensis Bassler 1936, Reptadeonella joloensis, A. porosa Canu & Bassler 1929] THG01
*Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin 1826) [=Loricaria aegyptiaca; incl. Gemellaria avicularis Pieper 1881] THG01
Turbicellepora ampla (Kirkpatrick 1888) [=Schizoporella ampla; incl. Stephanosella bernardii Harmer 1957] THG01
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[BBB-S95] Boubezari, K., G. Bitar & D. Bellan-Santini. 1995. Structure et organisation de trois moulières (Mytilus galloprovincialis et Perna perna) de la région d’Alger. Mésogée 54: 63–72.
[B79] Buss, L. W. 1979. Habitat selection, directional growth and spatial refuges: why colonial animals have more hiding places. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 459–497. Academic Press: London.
[C79] Cook, P. L. 1979. Some problems in interpretation of heteromorphy and colony integration in Bryozoa. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 193–210. Academic Press: London.
[CB01] Cook, P. L., & P. E. Bock. 2001. Calescharidae, a new family for the Tertiary to Recent genera Caleschara MacGillivray and Tretosina Canu & Bassler (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata). Invertebrate Taxonomy 15: 527–550.
[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.
[H75] Häntzschel, W. 1975. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea Suppl. 1. Trace Fossils and Problematica 2nd ed. The Geological Society of America: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).
[H15] Harmer, S. F. 1915. The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition—Part I. Entoprocta, Ctenostomata and Cyclostomata. E. J. Brill: Leyden.
[H30] Harmer, S. F. 1930. Presidential address. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 141: 68–118.
[HJ08] Huisman, J. M., D. S. Jones, F. E. Wells & T. Burton. 2008. Introduced marine biota in Western Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (1): 1–44.
[KBC03] Kashin, I. A., E. V. Bagaveeva & S. F. Chaplygina. 2003. Fouling communities of hydrotechnical constructions in Nakhodka Bay (Sea of Japan). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29: 267–283.
[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 4. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.
[M79] Müller, A. H. 1979. Fossilization (taphonomy). In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A2–A78. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).
[P98] Prothero, D. R. 1998. Bringing Fossils to Life: An introduction to paleobiology. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.
[R79] Ryland, J. S. 1979. Structural and physiological aspects of coloniality in bryozoans. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 211–242. Academic Press: London.
[THG01] Tilbrook, K. J., P. J. Hayward & D. P. Gordon. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131: 35–109.
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