Fusulinida

Various views and section of Globivalvulina bulloides, from Loeblich & Tappan (1964).

Belongs within: Foraminifera.
Contains: Quasiendothyridae, Parathuramminidae, Earlandiidae, Palaeotextulariidae, Tetrataxidae, Tournayellidae, Loeblichiidae, Lasiodiscidae, Archaediscidae, Endothyrinae, Haplophragmellinae, Endothyranopsinae.

The Fusulinida are a group of Foraminifera known from the Ordovician to the Triassic, characterised by a wall ancestrally composed of microgranular calcite, becoming differentiated into two or more layers in some derived subgroups (Loeblich & Tappan 1964). Early species were often simple with tests divided into few chambers or undivided, but some later lineages became complex and multi-chambered.

<==Fusulinida [Cribrospiracea, Endothyrida, Fusulinina, Palaeohellenoidea]
    |  i. s.: Paraskinnerella CL02
    |         Pamirina darvasica ZL04
    |         Chalaroschwagerina Skinner & Wilde 1965 RLS04
    |           `--C. vulgaris ZL04
    |         Thailandina hongnusonthinae Toriyama & Kanmera 1968 ZL04
    |         Rugosochusenella tenuis (Toriyama 1975) ZL04
    |         Armenia karinae (Kochansky-Devidé & Ramovs 1955) ZL04
    |         Pseudoreichelinia ZL04
    |         Quasiendothyridae CV01
    |--Robuloidacea K04
    |    |--Partisania Sosnina 1978 [Partisaniidae] K04
    |    |    `--*P. typica K04
    |    `--Robuloides Reichel 1946 W76 [incl. Pararobuloides Miklukho-Maklay 1954 LT64]
    |         |--*R. lens Reichel 1945 LT64
    |         |--R. acutus Reichel 1946 W76
    |         `--R. orientalis (Miklukho-Maklay 1954) [=*Pararobuloides orientalis] LT64
    |--Parathuramminacea [Parathuramminidea] LT64
    |    |--Parathuramminidae LT64
    |    |--Earlandiidae LT64
    |    `--Caligellidae LT64
    |         |--Shuguria Antropov 1950 LT64
    |         |    `--*S. flabelliformis Antropov 1950 LT64
    |         `--Caligella Antropov 1950 (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |              |--*C. borovkensis Antropov 1950 LT64
    |              |--C. antropovi (Lipina 1955) [=*Paracaligella antropovi] LT64
    |              |--C. chernyshinensis (Lipina 1955) [=*Baituganella chernyshinensis] LT64
    |              `--C. transversa (Bykova 1952) [=*Evlania transversa] LT64
    |--Palaeotextulariacea K04
    |    |--Palaeotextulariidae LT64
    |    `--Biseriamminidae [Globivalvulinae, Globivalvulininae] K04
    |         |--Biseriella C02
    |         |--Paradagmarita Lys in Lys & Marcoux 1978 K04
    |         |    `--P. flabelliformis K04
    |         |--Biseriammina Chernysheva 1941 LT64
    |         |    `--*B. uralica Chernysheva 1941 LT64
    |         `--Globivalvulina Schubert 1921 LT64
    |              |--*G. bulloides (Brady 1876) [=Valvulina bulloides] LT64
    |              |--G. biserialis C40
    |              |--G. parva R79
    |              `--G. vonderschmitti K04
    `--Endothyracea [Endothyridea, Tournayellidea] LT64
         |--Tetrataxidae LT64
         |--Tournayellidae LT64
         |--Loeblichiidae LT64
         |--Lasiodiscidae LT64
         |--Archaediscidae LT64
         |--Septabrunsiinidae CV01
         |    |--Septabrunsiina Lipina 1955 LT64
         |    |    `--*S. krainica (Lipina 1948) [=Endothyra krainica] LT64
         |    `--Tournayellina Lipina 1955 E03, LT64
         |         `--*T. vulgaris Lipina 1955 [=Septabrunsiina vulgaris] LT64
         |--Semitextulariidae [Pseudopalmulidae] LT64
         |    |--Semitextularia Miller & Carmer 1933 LT64
         |    |    `--*S. thomasi Miller & Carmer 1933 LT64
         |    |--Paratextularia Pokorný 1951 [=Cremsia Bykova 1952] LT64
         |    |    `--*P. proboscidea (Cushman & Stainbrook 1943) [=Textularia proboscidea, *Cremsia proboscidea] LT64
         |    `--Pseudopalmula Cushman & Stainbrook 1943 LT64
         |         `--*P. palmuloides Cushman & Stainbrook 1943 LT64
         `--+--Mediendothyra CV01
            |--Priscella CV01
            |--Endostaffellidae CV01
            |    |--Zellerinella CV01
            |    |--Endostaffella Rozovskaya 1961 LT64
            |    |    `--*E. parva (Möller 1879) [=Endothyra parva] LT64
            |    `--Mediocris Rozovskaya 1961 CV01, LT64
            |         `--*M. mediocris (Vissarionova 1948) [=Eostaffella mediocris] LT64
            `--Endothyridae [Bradyinidae, Cribrospiridae, Endothyrina, Plectogyridae] LT64
                 |  i. s.: Tuberendothyra R79
                 |         Latiendothyra M98
                 |--Endothyrinae CV01
                 |--Haplophragmellinae LT64
                 |--Endothyranopsinae LT64
                 `--Bradyininae LT64
                      |--Bradyina von Möller 1878 LT64
                      |    `--B. rotula (Eichwald 1860) (see below for synonymy) LT64
                      |--Glyphostomella Cushman & Waters 1928 [incl. Pseudobradyina Reytlinger 1950] LT64
                      |    |--G. holdenvillensis (Harlton 1927) (see below for synonymy) LT64
                      |    `--G. pulchra (Reytlinger 1950) [=*Pseudobradyina pulchra] LT64
                      `--Janischewskina Mikhaylov 1935 (see below for synonymy) LT64
                           |--*J. typica Mikhaylov 1935 LT64
                           `--‘*Samarina’ operculata Rauzer-Chernousova & Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova, Belyaev & Reytlinger 1940 LT64

Bradyina rotula (Eichwald 1860) [=Nonionina rotula; incl. *B. nautiliformis von Möller 1878] LT64

Caligella Antropov 1950 [incl. Baituganella Lipina 1955, Evlania Bykova 1952, Paracaligella Lipina 1955] LT64

Glyphostomella holdenvillensis (Harlton 1927) [=Bradyina holdenvillensis; incl. Ammochilostoma triloculina Cushman & Waters 1927, *Glyphostomella triloculina] LT64

Janischewskina Mikhaylov 1935 [=Yanischewskina (l. c.); incl. Samarina Rauzer-Chernousova & Reytlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova, Belyaev & Reytlinger 1940] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CL02] Caridroit, M., A. Lamerandt, J.-M. Dégardin, A. F. de Dios & D. Vachard. 2002. Discovery of radiolaria and conodonts in the Carboniferous–Permian of San Salvador (Puebla, Mexico); biostratigraphic implications. Comptes Rendus Palevol 1: 205–211.

[C02] Cózar, P. 2002. Taxonomic value of the diaphanotheca/luminotheca in the classification of Lower Carboniferous endothyroid Foraminiferida; creation of two new species of Pojarkovella. Geobios 35: 283–291.

[CV01] Cózar, P., & D. Vachard. 2001. Dainellinae subfam. nov. (Foraminiferida du Carbomifère inférieur), révision et nouveaux taxons. Geobios 34 (5): 505–526.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[E03] Edgell, H. S. 2003. Upper Devonian Charophyta of Western Australia. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 359–374.

[K04] Kobayashi, F. 2004. Late Permian foraminifers from the Limestone Block in the Southern Chichibu Terrane of west Shikoku, SW Japan. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 62–70.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[M98] Mamet, B. 1998. A Late Devonian microfossil with dasyclad algae affinities from northwestern Australia. Alcheringa 22 (1): 21–28.

[RLS04] Rigby, J. K., G. A. Linder & C. H. Stevens. 2004. A new occurrence of the “hydrozoan” Radiotrabeculopora reticulata Fan, Rigby, and Zhang, 1991 in the Permian of California. Journal of Paleontology 78 (2): 410–413.

[R79] Ross, C. A. 1979. Carboniferous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A254–A290. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[W76] Wang K. 1976. The foraminifera from the Changhsing Formation in western Guizhou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 15 (2): 187–195.

[ZL04] Zhou, Z., & M. Liengjarern. 2004. Lower Permian perrinitid ammonoid faunas from Thailand. Journal of Paleontology 78: 317–339.