Pentamerida

Porambonites (Porambonites) schmidti, from here.

Belongs within: Rhynchonellata.
Contains: Stricklandioidea, Gypidulinae, Pentameridae, Virgianidae, Huenellidae, Clarkellidae, Camerellidae, Parastrophinidae.

The Pentamerida are a group of brachiopods known from the Middle Cambrian to the Upper Devonian, with an impunctate shell and an unrestricted pedicle opening. In the Middle Cambrian to Lower Devonian Porambonitacea, the brachiophores are united by supporting plates of variable length. In the Middle Ordovician to Upper Devonian Pentameridina, the inner such plates are long and curved outward to meet the lateral walls of the valve (Amsden & Biernat 1965).

Characters (from Amsden & Biernat 1965): Generally biconvex shells with pedicle spondylium; delthyrium may be unmodified or at least partly closed by deltidium. Brachial valve with brachial processes, commonly braced at their posterior end by supporting plates and usually terminating blindly (ending in a loop in Enantiosphenidae). Shell impunctate.

<==Pentamerida
    |  i. s.: Tcherskidium Nikolaev & Sapelnikov 1969 RZJ04
    |         Kirkidium Amsden, Boucot & Johnson 1967 RZJ04
    |         Galeatellina Sapelnikov & Rukavishnikova 1976 RZJ04
    |         Eoconchidium Rozman 1967 RZJ04
    |         Vosmiverstum Breivel & Breivel 1970 RZJ04
    |         Prostricklandia Rukavishnikova & Sapelnikov 1973 RZJ04
    |         Proconchidium Rukavishnikova & Sapelnikov 1973 RZJ04
    |--Pentameridina [Pentameracea] RZJ04
    |    |  i. s.: Parallelelasmatidae AB65
    |    |           |--Parallelelasma Cooper 1956 AB65
    |    |           |    `--*P. pentagonum Cooper 1956 AB65
    |    |           |--Didymelasma Cooper 1956 AB65
    |    |           |    `--*D. longicrurum Cooper 1956 AB65
    |    |           |--Metacamerella Reed 1917 AB65
    |    |           |    `--*M. balcletchiensis (Davidson 1883) [=Stricklandinia balcletchiensis] AB65
    |    |           `--Salonia Cooper & Whitcomb 1933 AB65
    |    |                `--*S. magnaplicata Cooper & Whitcomb 1933 AB65
    |    |         Enantiosphen Whidborne 1893 [Enantiosphenidae] AB65
    |    |           `--*E. vicaryi (Davidson 1882) [=Meganteris vicaryi] AB65
    |    |--Stricklandioidea RZJ04
    |    |--Gypidulinae RZJ04
    |    |--Clorindinae AB65 [Clorindoidea RZJ04]
    |    |    |--Clorinda Barrande 1879 RZJ04
    |    |    |    `--*C. armata Barrand 1879 AB65
    |    |    |--Clorindella Amsden 1964 AB65
    |    |    |    `--*C. areyi (Hall & Clarke 1894) [=Barrandella areyi] AB65
    |    |    |--Antirhynchonella Oehlert in Fischer 1887 [=Barrandella Hall & Clarke 1894 (nom. rej.)] AB65
    |    |    |    `--*A. linguifera (Sowerby in Murchison 1839) [=Atrypa linguifera, *Barrandella linguifera] AB65
    |    |    `--Clorindina Khodalevich 1939 AB65
    |    |         `--*C. uralica Khodalevich 1939 AB65
    |    `--Pentameroidea RZJ04
    |         |  i. s.: Eokirkidium Khodalevich & Sapelnikov 1970 RZJ04
    |         |         Vagranella Sapelnikov 1960 RZJ04
    |         |           `--V. diversoplicata Sapelnikov 1960 RZJ04
    |         |         Subriana Sapelnikov 1960 RZJ04
    |         |         Mariannaella Sapelnikov & Rukavishnikova 1975 RZJ04
    |         |         Virgianella Nikiforova & Sapelnikov 1971 RZJ04
    |         |           |--V. glabella (Rong & Yang 1981) RZJ04
    |         |           `--V. sogdianica Nikiforova & Sapelnikov 1973 [=Holorhynchus (Nondia) sogdianica] RZJ04
    |         |         Pseudoconchidium Nikiforova & Sapelnikov 1971 RZJ04
    |         |         Lissidium Lenz 1989 RZJ04
    |         |--Pentameridae RZJ04
    |         `--Virgianidae RZJ04
    `--Porambonitacea [Syntrophiidina, Syntrophioidea] AB65
         |--Huenellidae AB65
         |--Clarkellidae AB65
         |--Camerellidae AB65
         |--Parastrophinidae AB65
         |--Cambrotrophia Ulrich & Cooper 1937 [=Eostrophia Ulrich & Cooper 1936 non Dall 1890; Eostrophiidae] AB65
         |    `--*C. cambria (Walcott 1908) [=Syntrophia cambrica, *Eostrophia cambria] AB65
         |--Lycophoria Lahusen 1886 [Lycophoriidae] AB65
         |    `--*L. nucella (Dalman 1828) [=Atrypa nucella] AB65
         |--Brevicamera Cooper 1956 [Brevicameridae] AB65
         |    `--*B. camerata Cooper 1956 AB65
         |--Alimbellidae AB65
         |    |--Alimbella Andreeva 1960 AB65
         |    |    `--*A. armata Andreeva 1960 AB65
         |    `--Medesia Andreeva 1960 AB65
         |         `--*M. uralica Andreeva 1960 AB65
         |--Syntrophiidae AB65
         |    |--Syntrophia Hall & Clarke 1893 AB65
         |    |    |--*S. lateralis (Whitfield 1886) [=Triplecia lateralis] AB65
         |    |    `--S. torynifera AB65
         |    `--Xenelasma Ulrich & Cooper 1936 [Xenelasmatinae, Xenelasminae] aB65
         |         `--*X. syntrophioides Ulrich & Cooper 1936 AB65
         |--Syntrophopsidae AB65
         |    |--Syntrophopsis Ulrich & Cooper 1936 AB65
         |    |    `--*S. magna Ulrich & Cooper 1936 AB65
         |    |--Hesperotrophia Ulrich & Cooper 1936 AB65
         |    |    `--*H. obscura Ulrich & Cooper 1936 AB65
         |    `--Rhysostrophia Ulrich & Cooper 1936 AB65
         |         `--*R. nevadensis Ulrich & Cooper 1936 AB65
         |--Tetralobulidae AB65
         |    |--Tetralobula Ulrich & Cooper 1936 AB65
         |    |    `--*T. delicatula Ulrich & Cooper 1936 AB65
         |    |--Doloresella Sando 1957 AB65
         |    |    `--*D. concentrica Sando 1957 AB65
         |    |--Imbricatia Cooper 1952 AB65
         |    |    `--*I. lamellata Cooper 1952 AB65
         |    `--Punctolira Ulrich & Cooper 1936 AB65
         |         `--*P. punctolira Ulrich & Cooper 1936 AB65
         `--Porambonites Pander 1830 [Porambonitidae] AB65
              |--P. (Porambonites) AB65
              |    |--*P. (P.) intermedia Pander 1830 AB65
              |    |--P. (P.) reticulatus Pander 1830 AB65
              |    `--P. (P.) schmidti AB65
              |--P. (Equirostra Cooper & Muir-Wood 1951) [=Isorhynchus King 1850 non Schoenherr 1833] AB65
              |    `--P. (*E.) aequirostris (von Schlotheim 1820) (see below for synonymy) AB65
              `--P. (Noetlingia Hall & Clarke 1894) AB65
                   `--P. (*N.) tscheffkini (de Verneuil 1840) [=Spirifer tscheffkini] AB65

Porambonites (*Equirostra) aequirostris (von Schlotheim 1820) [=Terebratulites aequirostris, P. (*Isorhynchus) aequirostris] AB65

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AB65] Amsden, T. W., & G. Biernat. 1965. Pentamerida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt H. Brachiopoda vol. 2 pp. H523–H552. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas Press: Lawrence (Kansas).

[RZJ04] Rong, J.-Y., R.-B. Zhan & J. Jin. 2004. The Late Odovician and Early Silurian pentameride brachiopod Holorhynchus Kiaer, 1902 from north China. Journal of Paleontology 78 (2): 287–299.