Capitata

Branching fire coral Millepora alcicornis, copyright Nick Hobgood.

Belongs within: Hydrozoa.
Contains: Tubulariida.

The Capitata are a group of hydrozoans united by the possession of stenotele nematocysts and capitate tentacles (ending in knobs) on the polyps or filiform tentacles in separated whorls (Daly et al. 2007).

<==Capitata
    |  i. s.: Boeromedusidae DB07
    |         Halimedusidae DB07
    |         Pennariidae DB07
    |         Polyorchidae DB07
    |         Zancleopsidae DB07
    |         Scrippsia pacifica LS09
    |         Staurocladia wellingtoni LS09
    |--Moerisiida [Moerisioidea] P79
    |    |--Sphaerocorynidae P79
    |    |    |--Linvillea agassizi (McCrady 1857) P79
    |    |    `--Sphaerocoryne Pictet 1893 P79
    |    |         |--S. bedoti Pictet 1893 P79
    |    |         `--S. multitentaculata (Warren 1908) P79
    |    `--Moerisiidae P79
    |         |--Halmomises von Kennel 1891 P79
    |         |--Tiaricodon Browne 1902 P79
    |         |--Odessia Paspaleff 1937 P79
    |         |    `--*O. maeotica (Ostroumoff 1896) P79
    |         `--Moerisia Boulenger 1908 [incl. Ostroumovia Hadzi 1928] P79
    |              |--M. hori (Uchida & Uchida 1929) P79
    |              |--M. inkermanica Paltschikowa-Ostoumova 1925 P79
    |              |--M. lyonsi Boulenger 1908 P79
    |              `--M. pallasi (Derzhavin 1912) P79
    `--+--Tubulariida P79
       `--Zancleida P79
            |--Porpitoidea [Chondrophora, Chondrophorae, Chondrophorina, Disconantha, Disconectae, Velelloidea] FS04
            |    |  i. s.: Archaeonectris G79
            |    |         Discophyllum Hall 1847 G79, FS04
            |    |           `--D. peltatum FS04
            |    |         Palaeonectris G79
            |    |         Plectodiscus discoideus FS04
            |    |         Paropsonema G79
            |    |           |--P. cryptophya Clarke 1902 FS04
            |    |           `--P. mirabile FS04
            |    |         Pseudodiscophyllum Fryer & Stanley 2004 FS04
            |    |           `--*P. windermerensis Fryer & Stanley 2004 FS04
            |    |         Discalia medusina H04
            |    |         Disconalia gastroblasta H04
            |    |--Velella G79 [Velellidae P79]
            |    |    `--V. velella (Linnaeus 1758) [=Medusa velella] DB07
            |    |--Chondroplidae G79
            |    |    |--Chondroplon Wade 1971 G79
            |    |    |    `--*C. bilobatum Wade 1971 G79
            |    |    `--Ovatoscutum Glaessner & Wade 1966 G79
            |    |         `--*O. concentricum Glaessner & Wade 1966 G79
            |    `--Porpitidae G79
            |         |--Porpita porpita (Linnaeus 1758) [=Medusa porpita] DB07
            |         |--Porpema medusa H04
            |         |--Porpalia prunella H04
            |         `--Eoporpita Wade 1972 G79
            |              `--*E. medusa Wade 1972 G79
            `--Zancleoidea P79
                 |--Cladocorynidae P79
                 |    |--Lobocoryne travancorensis Mammen 1963 P79
                 |    |--Asyncoryne Warren 1908 [Asyncorynidae] P79
                 |    |    `--A. ryniensis Warren 1908 P79
                 |    `--Cladocoryne P79
                 |         |--C. floccosa Rotch 1871 P79
                 |         `--C. littoralis (Mammen 1963) P79
                 `--+--Zancleidae P79
                    |    |--Zanclea Gegenbaur 1856 P79
                    |    `--Pteroclava Weill 1931 P79
                    `--+--Teissieridae P79
                       |    |--Rosalinda Totton 1949 P79
                       |    |    |--R. incrustans (Kramp 1947) P79
                       |    |    `--R. williami Totton 1949 P79
                       |    `--Teissiera Bouillon 1974 P79
                       |         |--T. australe Bouillon 1978 P79
                       |         |--T. medusifera Bouillon 1978 P79
                       |         `--T. milleporoides Bouillon 1974 P79
                       `--Millepora Linnaeus 1758 [Milleporidae] P79
                            |--M. alcicornis Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. boschmai CG99
                            |--M. cellulosa Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. complanata W01
                            |--M. compressa Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. crustacea Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. eschara Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. intricata (Milne Edwards 1857) Z03
                            |--M. lichenoides Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. lineata Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            |--M. muricata Linnaeus 1758 L58
                            `--M. reticulata Linnaeus 1758 L58

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CS99] Carlton, J. T., J. B. Geller, M. L. Reaka-Kudla & E. A. Norse. 1999. Historical extinctions in the sea. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 30: 315–338.

[DB07] Daly, M., M. R. Brugler, P. Cartwright, A. G. Collins, M. N. Dawson, D. G. Fautin, S. C. France, C. S. McFadden, D. M. Opresko, E. Rodriguez, S. L. Romano & J. L. Stake. 2007. The phylum Cnidaria: a review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa 1668: 127–182.

[FS04] Fryer, G., & G. D. Stanley Jr. 2004. A Silurian porpitoid hydrozoan from Cumbria, England, and a note on porpitoid relationships. Palaeontology 47 (5): 1109–1119.

[G79] Glaessner, M. F. 1979. Precambrian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A79–A118. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[LS09] Leclère, L., P. Schuchert, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux & M. Manuel. 2009. Molecular phylogenetics of Thecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) reveals long-term maintenance of life history traits despite high frequency of recent character changes. Systematic Biology 58 (5): 509–526.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[P79] Petersen, K. W. 1979. Development of coloniality in Hydrozoa. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 105–139. Academic Press: London.

[W01] Williams, J. D. 2001. Polydora and related genera associated with hermit crabs from the Indo-West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with descriptions of two new species and a second polydorid egg predator of hermit crabs. Pacific Science 55 (4): 429–465.

[Z03] Zhukova, N. V. 2003. A biochemical approach for assessment of the diversity of symbiotic dinoflagellates. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29 (5): 328–332.